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Bezerra LO, de Macedo LES, da Silva MLA, de Oliveira JMP, de Morais Gouveia GP, de Andrade PR, Micussi MTABC. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the functional performance of healthy individuals: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 39:17. [PMID: 38150056 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on functional performance concerning strength, fatigue, and functional capacity in healthy individuals. This systematic review with meta-analysis involved searches on data platforms and active searches of randomized clinical trials, focusing on PBMT as the sole intervention. Primary outcomes assessed included strength, fatigue, and functional capacity. Three reviewers screened studies by title and abstract using Rayyan, and data were extracted using a specific form. Bias risk was assessed using RoB2, and confidence in the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). The RevMan was used for meta-analysis. Sixteen studies were included, totaling 340 individuals (183 males and 157 women). Most articles presented a low risk of bias. Variability was observed in device types and application domains, including wavelengths (655-905 nm), power (10-200 nW), energy (0.6-30 J per point), and time (30-100 s per point). PBMT improved fatigue recovery (mean difference: 5.87; 95% CI 3.83, 7.91). There was no enhancement in strength (peak torque: mean difference 12.40; 95% CI -5.55, 30.55; one-repetition maximum test: mean difference 39.97, 95% CI -2.44, 82.38; isometric and isokinetic strength: mean difference 2.77, 95% CI -14.90, 20.44) nor improvement in short-term (mean difference 0.67, 95% CI -0.58, 1.91) and long-term (mean difference 18.44, 95% CI -55.65, 92.54) functional capacity. PBMT may aid in favoring fatigue recovery in healthy individuals; however, there's no evidence to support PBMT enhancing strength or improving functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Oliveira Bezerra
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Luiza Eduarda Silva de Macedo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av Senador Salgado Filho, S/N. Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Maria Letícia Araújo da Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av Senador Salgado Filho, S/N. Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Joyce Maria Pereira de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av Senador Salgado Filho, S/N. Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | | | | | - Maria Thereza Albuquerque Barbosa Cabral Micussi
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av Senador Salgado Filho, S/N. Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.
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Chen YC, Lin YT, Hu CL, Hwang IS. Low-Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Postcontraction Recovery with Ischemic Preconditioning. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1326-1333. [PMID: 36878185 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite early development of muscle fatigue, ischemic preconditioning is gaining popularity for strength training combined with low-load resistance exercise. This study investigated the effect of low-level laser (LLL) on postcontraction recovery with ischemic preconditioning. METHODS Forty healthy adults (22.9 ± 3.5 yr) were allocated into sham (11 men, 9 women) and LLL (11 men, 9 women) groups. With ischemic preconditioning, they were trained with three bouts of intermittent wrist extension of 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the recovery period, the LLL group received LLL (wavelength of 808 nm, 60 J) on the working muscle, whereas the sham group received no sham therapy. MVC, force fluctuations, and discharge variables of motor units (MU) for a trapezoidal contraction were compared between groups at baseline (T0), postcontraction (T1), and after-recovery (T2). RESULTS At T2, the LLL group exhibited a higher normalized MVC (T2/T0; 86.22% ± 12.59%) than that of the sham group (71.70% ± 13.56%; P = 0.001). The LLL group had smaller normalized force fluctuations (LLL, 94.76% ± 21.95%; sham, 121.37% ± 29.02%; P = 0.002) with greater normalized electromyography amplitude (LLL, 94.33% ± 14.69%; sham, 73.57% ± 14.94%; P < 0.001) during trapezoidal contraction. In the LLL group, the smaller force fluctuations were associated with lower coefficients of variation of interspike intervals of MUs (LLL, 0.202 ± 0.053; sham, 0.208 ± 0.048; P = 0.004) with higher recruitment thresholds (LLL, 11.61 ± 12.68 %MVC; sham, 10.27 ± 12.73 %MVC; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS LLL expedites postcontraction recovery with ischemic preconditioning, manifesting as superior force generation capacity and force precision control for activation of MU with a higher recruitment threshold and lower discharge variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Department of Ball Sport, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung City, TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Ling Hu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, TAIWAN
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De Marchi T, Ferlito JV, Ferlito MV, Salvador M, Leal-Junior ECP. Can Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Minimize Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091671. [PMID: 36139746 PMCID: PMC9495825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by exercise has been a research field in constant growth, due to its relationship with the processes of fatigue, decreased production of muscle strength, and its ability to cause damage to the cell. In this context, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has emerged as a resource capable of improving performance, while reducing muscle fatigue and muscle damage. To analyze the effects of PBMT about exercise-induced oxidative stress and compare with placebo therapy. Data Sources: Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PeDro, and Virtual Health Library, which include Lilacs, Medline, and SciELO, were searched to find published studies. Study Selection: There was no year or language restriction; randomized clinical trials with healthy subjects that compared the application (before or after exercise) of PBMT to placebo therapy were included. Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: 1. Data Extraction: Data on the characteristics of the volunteers, study design, intervention parameters, exercise protocol and oxidative stress biomarkers were extracted. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the PEDro scale and the GRADE system, respectively. Results: Eight studies (n = 140 participants) were eligible for this review, with moderate to excellent methodological quality. In particular, PBMT was able to reduce damage to lipids post exercise (SMD = −0.72, CI 95% −1.42 to −0.02, I2 = 77%, p = 0.04) and proteins (SMD = −0.41, CI 95% −0.65 to −0.16, I2 = 0%, p = 0.001) until 72 h and 96 h, respectively. In addition, it increased the activity of SOD enzymes (SMD = 0.54, CI 95% 0.07 to 1.02, I2 = 42%, p = 0.02) post exercise, 48 and 96 h after irradiation. However, PBMT did not increase CAT activity (MD = 0.18 CI 95% −0.56 to 0.91, I2 = 79%, p = 0.64) post exercise. We did not find any difference in TAC or GPx biomarkers. Conclusion: Low to moderate certainty evidence shows that PBMT is a resource that can reduce oxidative damage and increase enzymatic antioxidant activity post exercise. We found evidence to support that one session of PBMT can modulate the redox metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Marchi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 03155-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - João Vitor Ferlito
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Ferlito
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 03155-000, Brazil
- ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo 01153-000, Brazil
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D'Amico A, Silva K, Rubero A, Dion S, Gillis J, Gallo J. The Influence of Phototherapy on Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:658-668. [PMID: 35693867 PMCID: PMC9159724 DOI: 10.26603/001c.34422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intense physical activity can result in exercise-induced muscle damage, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and decrements in performance. Phototherapy (PhT), sometimes referred to as photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy, may enhance recovery from vigorous exercise. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of phototherapy on functional movements (vertical jump, agility), and perceptions of muscle soreness following exercise-induced muscle damage caused by high volume sprinting and decelerations. Methods In a between-group design, 33 participants performed 40x15m sprints, a protocol intended to cause muscle damage. Immediately following sprinting and in the four days following, vertical jump and agility were assessed, as well as calf, hamstring, quadriceps, and overall perceptions of soreness. Sixteen subjects (age 20.6±1.6 yrs; BMI 25.8±4.6 kg.m-2) received PhT prior to testing each day, while 17 (age 20.8±1.3 yrs; BMI 26.2±4.5 kg.m-2) received sham PhT and served as a control (CON). Measurements were recorded during five days of recovery from the repeated sprint protocol, then compared to those recorded during three baseline days of familiarization. Area under the curve was calculated by summing all five scores, and comparing those values by condition via a two-tailed unpaired t-test for normally distributed data, and a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data (alpha level = 0.05). Results Calf soreness was lower in PhT compared to CON (p = 0.02), but no other significant differences were observed between groups for vertical jump, agility, quadriceps, hamstring, and overall soreness (p > 0.05). Discussion Phototherapy may attenuate soreness in some muscle groups following exercise-induced muscle damage, but may not enhance recovery after explosive, short-duration activities. Conclusion Phototherapy may not be a useful recovery tool for those participating in explosive, short-duration activities. Level of evidence 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D'Amico
- Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University
| | - Kevin Silva
- Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University
| | | | - Steven Dion
- Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University
| | - Jason Gillis
- Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University
| | - Joseph Gallo
- Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University
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Effectiveness of High Power Laser Therapy on Pain and Isokinetic Peak Torque in Athletes with Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: A Randomized Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4133883. [PMID: 35647184 PMCID: PMC9142273 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4133883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Athletes such as long-distance runners, sprinters, hockey, and/or football players may have proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT). Laser therapy has been shown to be effective in tendinopathies. High power laser therapy (HPLT) is used for the treatment of several musculoskeletal conditions; however, its efficacy on PHT has not been investigated. This study is aimed at examining the effects of HPLT on pain and isokinetic peak torque (IPT) in athletes with PHT. The two-arm comparative pretest-posttest experimental design was used with random allocation of 36 athletes aged 18-35 years into two groups (experimental and conventional group). The experimental group included the application of HPLT for 3 weeks. The conventional group included treatment with a conventional physiotherapy program including ultrasound therapy, moist heat pack, and home exercises for a total of 3 weeks. Pain and IPT of the hamstring muscle were measured before and after the application of the intervention. Pain score decreased, and IPT increased significantly (p < 0.05) after application of HPLT, by 61.26% and 13.18%, respectively. In the conventional group, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in pain scores only, which decreased by 41.14%. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in IPT in the conventional group. When HPLT was compared with conventional physiotherapy, a significant difference was found in pain scores only. HPLT for 3 weeks was found to be effective in improving pain in athletes with PHT. However, no significant difference was found between HPLT and conventional physiotherapy (US, moist heat, and home exercises) in improving the IPT of the hamstring muscle.
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Ahmad AM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Laser acupuncture for claudication symptoms in peripheral artery disease — Does it work? A randomized trial. Hong Kong Physiother J 2022; 42:31-40. [PMID: 35782701 PMCID: PMC9244600 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702522500044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) receives little attention despite its clinical consequences. Intermittent claudication is the most disturbing symptom of the disease resulting in marked limitations to functional walking performance. Treadmill walking exercise is the first-line non-pharmacological treatment in PAD; however, older patients may be unable to exercise because of the functional disability of the disease itself or deconditioning. Objective: In an attempt to seek an alternative intervention, this study aimed to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on patient-reported claudication symptoms and walk performance in PAD. Methods: Thirty male patients with PAD were assigned randomly to a control group ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] years old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2) or a study group ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] years old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2). Inclusion criteria were mild-to-moderate PAD, Fontaine stage II, unilateral or bilateral claudications, and older men. Exclusion criteria were asymptomatic PAD, resting pain, severe or critical limb ischemia, ischemic ulcers, and patients contraindicated for laser therapy. Both groups received pharmacological treatment, but only the study group received gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser therapy at nine acupuncture points, namely, Liver 2 (LV2), Stomach 41 (ST41), Urinary bladder 40 (UB40), UB60, UB61, Gall bladder 30 (GB30), GB34, GB38, and GB40 for 2 days/week and five consecutive weeks. A pen-type laser device was used at a wavelength of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, with a power output of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW, a spot size of 0.08[Formula: see text]cm2, and an energy density of 2[Formula: see text]J/cm2, for 60[Formula: see text]s/point. The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) and the 6-min walk distance (6-MWD) were the endpoints of the study. The McNemar–Bowker Test and Generalized Estimating Equations Ordinal Logistic Regression Model were used for the within- and between-group statistical analyses of the categorical data of ECQ, respectively; and a mixed model MANOVA was used for the within- and between-group analyses of the 6-MWD data. Results: There was a significant improvement in patients’ response to ECQ only in the study group compared to the baseline ([Formula: see text]) and the controls ([Formula: see text]) after the intervention. The 6-MWD increased significantly in the study group compared to the baseline ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The GaAlAs laser acupuncture applied at selected acupoints may be a promising intervention complementary to drug therapy that could help relieve claudication symptoms and improve physical functional performance in older men with PAD (Fontaine stage II). Trials were conducted under the Trial Registration No. PACTR201912698539774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Aleixo-Junior IDO, Leal-Junior ECP, Casalechi HL, Vanin AA, de Paiva PRV, Machado CDSM, Dias LB, Lino MMA, Teixeira AM, Johnson DS, Tomazoni SS. Immediate effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with a static magnetic field on the subsequent performance: a preliminary randomized crossover triple-blinded placebo-controlled trial. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6940-6953. [PMID: 34858690 PMCID: PMC8606121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.442075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence about the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) alone and combined with a static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) on skeletal muscle fatigue, physical performance and post-exercise recovery in different types of exercise protocols and sports activity. However, the effects of PBMT-sMF to improve the subsequent performance after a first set of exercises are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PBMT-sMF, applied between two sets of exercises, on the subsequent physical performance. A randomized, crossover, triple-blinded (assessors, therapist, and volunteers), placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Healthy non-athlete male volunteers were randomized and treated with a single application of PBMT-sMF and placebo between two sets of an exercise protocol performed on isokinetic dynamometer. The order of interventions was randomized. The primary outcome was fatigue index and the secondary outcomes were total work, peak work, and blood lactate levels. Twelve volunteers were randomized and analyzed to each sequence. PBMT-sMF decreased the fatigue index compared to the placebo PBMT-sMF at second set of the exercise protocol (MD = -6.08, 95% CI -10.49 to -1.68). In addition, PBMT-sMF decreased the blood lactate levels post-intervention, and after the second set of the exercise protocol compared to placebo (p<0.05). There was no difference between PBMT-sMF and placebo in the remaining outcomes tested. Volunteers did not report adverse events. Our results suggest that PBMT-sMF is able to decrease skeletal muscle fatigue, accelerating post-exercise recovery and, consequently, increasing subsequent physical performance when applied between two sets of exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo de Oliveira Aleixo-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heliodora Leão Casalechi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Aver Vanin
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline dos Santos Monteiro Machado
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Barbosa Dias
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marinho Aguiar Lino
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adeilson Matias Teixeira
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Miranda DB, Neves Rocha Martins ÂP, Diniz R. Functional neurorehabilitation in a dog with acute non‐compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ângela Paula Neves Rocha Martins
- Functional Neurorehabilitation Department Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Reabilitação Animal da Arrábida, Hospital Veterinário da Arrábida R. José Augusto Coelho Azeitão Portugal
| | - Renata Diniz
- RehabilitaCans Carrer de Juan Gris Palma de Mallorca Baleares‐España Spain
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Hou X, Liu J, Weng K, Griffin L, Rice LA, Jan YK. Effects of Various Physical Interventions on Reducing Neuromuscular Fatigue Assessed by Electromyography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659138. [PMID: 34497799 PMCID: PMC8419274 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Various interventions have been applied to improve recovery from muscle fatigue based on evidence from subjective outcomes, such as perceived fatigue and soreness, which may partly contribute to conflicting results of reducing muscle fatigue. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of various intervention on reducing neuromuscular fatigue assessed by a quantitative outcome, such as electromyography (EMG). The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions and intervention timing for reducing fatigue rates during exercise. Methods: The literature was searched from the earliest record to March 2021. Eighteen studies with a total of 87 data points involving 281 participants and seven types of interventions [i.e., active recovery (AR), compression, cooling, electrical stimulation (ES), light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT), massage, and stretching] were included in this meta-analysis. Results: The results showed that compression (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = -0.00 to 0.56; p = 0.05; I 2 = 58%) and LEDT (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.88; p = 0.01; I 2 = 52%) have a significant recovery effect on reducing muscle fatigue. Additionally, compression, AR, and cooling have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue when conducted during exercise, whereas a non-effective trend when applied after exercise. Discussion: This meta-analysis suggests that compression and LEDT have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue. The results also suggest that there is a significant effect or an effective trend on reducing muscle fatigue when compression, AR, cooling, and ES are applied during exercise, but not after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixiang Weng
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Griffin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Laura A Rice
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Luo WT, Lee CJ, Tam KW, Huang TW. Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Muscular Performance and Soreness Recovery in Athletes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Health 2021; 14:687-693. [PMID: 34428975 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211039766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Athletes must maintain their peak state of strength. Previous studies have investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscular performance. A previous systematic review and meta-analysis has investigated this issue in healthy participants but not in physically active athletes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether LLLT can improve muscular performance and soreness recovery in athletes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. STUDY SELECTION Published randomized controlled trials and crossover studies till December 2020. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Assessment of study quality was rated using the risk of bias assessment method for randomized trials (Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions). RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included. LLLT application before exercise significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength in 24-hour, 48-hour, 96-hour, and 8-week follow-up groups. Furthermore, decreased soreness index, serum creatine kinase concentrations, interleukin-6, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations and a trend toward the improvement of contract repetition number and VO2 kinetic outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION Although a definite therapeutic effect of LLLT is yet to be established, the current evidence supports that LLLT use improves muscular performance in physically active athletes. Additional trials with large sample sizes and robust design should be conducted before strong recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Ting Luo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Chieh-Jui Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ka-Wai Tam
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City.,Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Tsai-Wei Huang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Azuma RHE, Merlo JK, Jacinto JL, Borim JM, da Silva RA, Pacagnelli FL, Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Aguiar AF. Photobiomodulation Therapy at 808 nm Does Not Improve Biceps Brachii Performance to Exhaustion and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Young Adult Women: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:664582. [PMID: 34177615 PMCID: PMC8222918 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) at 808 nm on biceps brachii performance to exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in untrained young women. Methods Thirteen young women (20.1 ± 2.9 years) participated in a crossover study in which they received, in a counterbalanced manner, active and placebo laser PBM on two occasions (T1 and T2), separated by a 7-day washout period. During T1 and T2, participants received active (100 mW output power, irradiance of 35.7 W cm–2, and total energy of 28 J/arm) or placebo laser irradiation on the biceps brachii muscle at 20 min before the repetitions-to-failure test [six sets at 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) until failure] for elbow flexion exercise. The number of repetitions performed and RPE over the six sets, as well as DOMS from basal up to 72 h after the repetitions-to-failure test, were recorded. Results There was a significant (time, p < 0.05) reduction in the number of repetitions performed and an increase in RPE over six sets, with no statistical differences between placebo and active laser conditions (treatment × time, p > 0.05). DOMS increased at 24 h postexercise and progressively returned to baseline after 72 h in both conditions (time, p < 0.05; treatment × time, p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that acute laser PBM at 808 nm does not improve biceps brachii performance to exhaustion, RPE, and DOMS in untrained women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne Karlette Merlo
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Jayne Maria Borim
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubens Alexandre da Silva
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Programme de Physiothérapie de L'université McGill Offert em Extension à L'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | | | - Joao Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alex Silva Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
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A Novel Blue-Red Photobiomodulation Therapy Patch Effects on a Repetitive Elbow-Flexion Fatigue Task. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 29:271-276. [PMID: 30676234 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (laser/light) therapy has reduced skeletal muscle fatigue and improved performance in previous research. OBJECTIVE To determine if the application of a novel blue (450 nm) and red (645 nm) light-emitting diode photobiomodulation therapy patch improves muscle function and decreases perceived exertion after an elbow-flexion fatigue protocol. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four strength-trained individuals (male = 32 and female = 2, age = 22.5 [2.7] y). METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to an active or placebo treatment. On visit 1, participants' 1-repetition maximal biceps curl was determined, and an orientation session of the fatigue task occurred to ensure no learning effects. Fifty percent of the participants' 1-repetition maximum was used during the fatigue protocol. On visit 2, participants performed biceps curl repetitions at a speed of 25 repetitions per minute until they could not physically move the weight past 90° of elbow flexion or stay with the set pace. After the fatigue protocol, a 30-minute blue/red light (wavelength = 450 and 645 nm, peak irradiance = 9 mW/cm2, duty cycle = pulsed 33%, and fluence = 5.4 J/cm2) or sham treatment was administered based on the randomized group assignment. Immediately following, the participants repeated the fatigue protocol. The number of complete repetitions was counted, and the participants rated their perceived level of exertion on the Borg scale immediately after each fatigue bout. RESULTS Overall, fatigue occurred between the 2 exercise bouts (pretreatment = 44.1 [12.3] and posttreatment = 37.4 [9.6] repetitions, P = .02). However, less fatigue was noted in the number of participants of the active treatment group than the sham treatment group. During the posttreatment fatigue task, 29.4% of participants in the active treatment group improved compared to 0% in the sham treatment (P = .045). CONCLUSION Nearly 30% of participants had an increase benefit during a repeated-bout fatigue task due to the blue/red light-emitting diode photobiomodulation light patch.
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Ferraresi C. Use of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Exercise Performance Enhancement and Postexercise Recovery: True or Myth? Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:705-707. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Exercise Performance, Post-graduation program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Leal-Junior ECP, de Oliveira MFD, Joensen J, Stausholm MB, Bjordal JM, Tomazoni SS. What is the optimal time-response window for the use of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) for the improvement of exercise performance and recovery, and for how long the effects last? A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:64. [PMID: 33088573 PMCID: PMC7574416 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The optimal time-response window for photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or light emitting diodes therapy (LEDT) combined with static magnetic fields (sMF) before physical activity still was not fully investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the better of four time-response windows for PBMT combined with sMF (PBMT-sMF) use before exercise in humans. Methods A prospectively registered, randomized, triple-blinded (volunteers, therapists and assessors) placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Sixty healthy untrained male subjects were randomly allocated to six experimental groups (n = 10 per group): PBMT-sMF 5 mins, PBMT-sMF 3 h, PBMT-sMF 6 h, PBMT-sMF 1-day, placebo, and control. The control group performed all procedures, however did not receive any kind of intervention. PBMT-sMF active or PBMT-sMF placebo was applied precisely in different time points after baseline MVC test to ensure that both MVC tests and eccentric exercise protocol would occur at the same hour of the day in all groups. Then, after five minutes, 3 h, 6 h or 1-day (24 h) of PBMT-sMF treatment (active or placebo) the eccentric exercise protocol was performed. The primary outcome was peak torque obtained from maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The secondary outcomes were creatine kinase (CK), and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The primary and secondary outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately after, 1 h, 24 h and 48 h after the eccentric exercise protocol. Results Sixty patients were randomized and analyzed to each sequence. The outcomes in absolute values show that all active PBMT-sMF groups increased (p < 0.05) MVC from immediately after to 1 h after eccentric exercise, and decreased (p < 0.05) CK activity at all time points. However, PBMT-sMF 5 mins, 3 h and 6 h groups showed better results in MVC and CK analysis from 24 h to 48 h, and also to DOMS (p < 0.05) at all time points. Participants did not report any adverse events. Conclusions PBMT-sMF can be used from 5 min to 6 h before exercise, and the effects can last up to 54 h after treatment. However, the effects start to decrease when a 1-day (24 h) time-response window is used. Trial registration NCT03420391. Registered 05 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, SP 01504-001 Brazil.,Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,ELJ Consultancy - Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Duarte de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, SP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Jon Joensen
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Bjørn Stausholm
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,ELJ Consultancy - Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy at 808 nm on Muscle Performance and Perceived Exertion in Elderly Women. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Macedo MM, Mafra FFP, Teixeira CDB, Torres-Silva R, Dos Santos Francisco RP, Gattai PP, Boim MA, Bjordal JM, Nascimento FD, Leonardo PS, Stamborowski SSF, Lopes-Martins RÁB. Photobiomodulation Therapy Modulates Muscle Gene Expression and Improves Performance of Rats Subjected to a Chronic Resistance Exercise Protocol. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:713-719. [PMID: 32990506 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In professional sports activities, the search for increased performance is constant. Electrophysical agents, including photobiomodulation (PBM), have been used in the sports context to accelerate postworkout recovery, prevent injuries, and even to improve performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of infrared laser (904 nm) on skeletal muscle gene expression of performance-related proteins of rats submitted to a chronic resistance training protocol. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40), weighing ±300 g were divided into four groups: sedentary control (CT, n = 10); irradiated control (CTL, n = 10); exercised not irradiated (EX, n = 10); exercised irradiated (EXL, n = 10). To assess the performance, the maximum carrying test was adapted and applied 72 h prior the training and 72 h after the last exercise session. The vertical weight climbing protocol was adapted for resistance training 3 × per week with 48 h interval between each session: first week adaptation, second week 25% of body weight (BW), third week 50% BW, fourth week 75% BW, and fifth week 100% BW. Animals were irradiated before exercise on hind paws 50 sec each, with infrared laser 904 nm 5 days per week, during 4 weeks, 9 J per leg in a total of 18 J energy per day. Results: The EXL performed more climbing (7.1 ± 0.91) compared to EX (4.4 ± 0.63). PBM promoted increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, mammalian target of rapamycin protein, and androgen receptor (p < 0.05) but not the myosin heavy chain (p = 0.43). Conclusions: PBM therapy increases the expression of performance-related muscle mass gain genes besides improving the resistance training performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Monteiro Macedo
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Francisco Pazello Mafra
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla de Brito Teixeira
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romildo Torres-Silva
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Peres Dos Santos Francisco
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Gattai
- Brazilian School of Chinese Medicine (EBRAMEC), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopic Anatomy and Development, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabio Dupart Nascimento
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sadi S F Stamborowski
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Machado CDSM, Casalechi HL, Vanin AA, de Azevedo JB, de Carvalho PDTC, Leal-Junior ECP. Does photobiomodulation therapy combined to static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) promote ergogenic effects even when the exercised muscle group is not irradiated? A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:49. [PMID: 32864144 PMCID: PMC7448464 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The direct application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) combined with a static magnetic field (sMF) (PBMT-sMF) to target tissues is shown to improve muscle performance and recovery. Studies have reported possible PBMT effects when a local distant to the target tissue is irradiated. Notably, the extent of these effects on musculoskeletal performance and the optimal site of irradiation remain unclear, although this information is clinically important since these aspects could directly affect the magnitude of the effect. Therefore, we investigated the effects of local and non-local PBMT-sMF irradiations on musculoskeletal performance and post-exercise recovery before an eccentric exercise protocol. Methods This randomized, triple-blind (participants, therapists and assessors), placebo-controlled trial included 30 healthy male volunteers randomly assigned to the placebo, local, and non-local groups. Active or placebo PBMT-sMF was applied to 6 sites of the quadriceps muscle of both legs. An eccentric exercise protocol was used to induce fatigue. The primary outcome was peak torque assessed by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The secondary outcomes were delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), muscle injury assessed by serum creatine kinase activity (CK), and blood lactate levels. Evaluations were performed before the eccentric exercise protocol (baseline), as well as immediately after and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h upon protocol completion. Results Ten volunteers were randomized per group and analysed for all outcomes. Compared to the placebo and non-local groups, irradiation with PBMT-SMF led to statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) with regard to all variables in the local group. The outcomes observed in the non-local group were similar to those in the placebo group with regard to all variables.The volunteers did not report any adverse effects. Conclusion Our results support the current evidence that local irradiation of all exercised muscles promotes ergogenic effects. PBMT-sMF improved performance and reduced muscle fatigue only when applied locally to muscles involved in physical activity. Trial registration NCT03695458. Registered October 04th 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dos Santos Monteiro Machado
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, SP 01504-001 Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Heliodora Leão Casalechi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, SP 01504-001 Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Adriane Aver Vanin
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, SP 01504-001 Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP Brazil.,Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Abstract
Photobiomodulation has been shown to improve tissue and cell functions. We evaluated the influence of photobiomodulation, using a B-Cure laser, on: 1) maximal performance, and 2) muscle recovery after resistance exercise. Two separate crossover randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trials were conducted. Sixty healthy physical education students (28 men, 32 women), aged 20-35, were recruited (30 participants for each trial). Participants performed two interventions for each experiment, with real lasers (GaAlAs, 808 nm) on three quadricep locations in parallel (overall treatment energy of ~150J) or sham (placebo) treatment. In the first experiment muscle total work (TW) and peak torque (PT) were measured by an isokinetic dynamometer in five repetitions of knee extension, and in the second experiment muscle recovery was measured after the induction of muscle fatigue by evaluating TW and PT in five repetitions of knee extension. There were no differences between treatments (real or sham) regarding the TW (F(1,28) = 1.09, p = .31), or PT (F(1,29) = .056, p = .814). In addition, there was no effect of photobiomodulation on muscle recovery as measured by the TW (F(1,27) = .16, p = .69) or PT (F(1,29) = .056, p = .814). Applying photobiomodulation for 10 min immediately before exercise did not improve muscle function or muscle recovery after fatigue.
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19
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Martinelli A, Andreo L, Alves AN, Terena SML, Santos TC, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Photobiomodulation modulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines during the compensatory hypertrophy process in skeletal muscle. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:791-802. [PMID: 32638240 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory hypertrophy (CH) occurs due to excessive mechanical load on a muscle, promoting an increase in the size of muscle fibers. In clinical practice, situations such as partial nerve injuries, denervation, and muscle imbalance caused by trauma to muscles and nerves or diseases that promote the loss of nerve conduction can induce CH in muscle fibers. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated beneficial effects on muscle tissue during CH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of PBM on the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as type 2 metalloproteinases (MMP-2) during the process of CH due to excessive load on the plantaris muscle in rats. Forty-five Wistar rats weighing 250 g were divided into three groups: control group (n = 10), hypertrophy (H) group (n = 40), and H + PBM group (n = 40). CH was induced through the ablation of synergist muscles of the plantaris muscle. The tendons of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were isolated and sectioned to enable the partial removal of each of muscle. The preserved plantaris muscle below the removed muscles was submitted to excessive functional load. PBM was performed with low-level laser (AsGaAl, λ = 780 nm; 40 mW; energy density: 10 J/cm2; 10 s on each point, 8 points; 3.2 J). Animals from each group were euthanized after 7 and 14 days. The plantaris muscles were carefully removed and sent for analysis of the gene and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-α using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. MMP-2 activity was analyzed using zymography. The results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA + Tukey's test, p < 0.05). The protein expression analysis revealed an increase in IL-6 levels in the H + PBM group compared to the H group and a reduction in the H group compared to the control group. A reduction in TNF-α was found in the H and H + PBM groups compared to the control group at 7 days. The gene expression analysis revealed an increase in IL-6 in the H + PBM group compared to the H group at 14 days as well as an increase in TNF-α in the H + PBM group compared to the H group at 7 days. Increases in MMP-2 were found in the H and H + PBM groups compared to the control group at both 7 and 14 days. Based on findings in the present study, it is concluded that PBM was able to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines that are essential for the compensatory hypertrophy process. However, it has not shown a modulation effect directly in MMP-2 activity during the same period evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinelli
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - L Andreo
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - A N Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - S M L Terena
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - T C Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - S K Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - K P S Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 349, São Paulo, SP, 01504001, Brazil.
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20
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Chen YC, Su YH, Lin YT, Huang CC, Hwang IS. Acute physiological responses to combined blood flow restriction and low-level laser. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1437-1447. [PMID: 32318813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blood flow restriction (BFR) is an innovation in fitness to train muscles with low loads at low oxygen levels. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a bio-energetic approach to alleviate muscle fatigue during resistance training. This study investigated the immediate effect of LLLT pre-conditioning on BFR that accelerates muscle fatigue due to ischemia. METHODS Fifteen young adults participated in this study of a crossover randomized design. They completed a low-load contraction with various pre-conditioning (blood flow restriction with low-level laser therapy (LLLT + BFR), blood flow restriction with sham low-level laser therapy (BFR), and control). Force fluctuation dynamics, muscle oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and myoglobin (SmO2), and discharge patterns of motor units (MU) were compared. RESULTS Normalized SmO2 during low-load contractions significantly varied with the pre-contraction protocols (Control (83.6 ± 3.0%) > LLLT + BFR (70.3 ± 2.8%) > BFR (55.4 ± 2.4%). Also, force fluctuations and MU discharge varied with the pre-contraction protocols. Multi-scale entropy and mean frequency of force fluctuations were greater in the LLLT + BFR condition (31.95 ± 0.67) than in the BFR condition (29.47 ± 0.73). The mean inter-spike interval of MUs was greater in the LLLT + BFR condition (53.32 ± 2.70 ms) than in the BFR condition (45.04 ± 1.08 ms). In particular, MUs with higher recruitment thresholds exhibited greater LLLT-related discharge complexity (LLLT + BFR (0.201 ± 0.012) > BFR (0.154 ± 0.006)). CONCLUSIONS LLLT pre-conditioning can minimize the BFR-related decline in muscle oxygen saturation, leading to force gradation and MU discharge in a cost-effective and complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Physical Education Office, Asian University, Taichung City, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Huang
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan. .,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
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21
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Long-term analyses of spastic muscle behavior in chronic poststroke patients after near-infrared low-level laser therapy (808 nm): a double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1459-1467. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mansouri V, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Zadeh-Esmaeel MM, Rezaei-Tavirani S, Razzaghi M, Okhovatian F, Rostami-Nejad M, Ahmadzade A. Analysis of Laser Therapy Effects on Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A System Biology Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:S1-S6. [PMID: 32021665 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The Mechanism of laser therapy and also its safety are 2 important features of the application of different types of lasers in medicine. This study aims to investigate the critically affected genes after the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: The gene expression profiles of 4 squamous cell carcinoma patients that were treated via chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus the laser and 3 similar patients without laser exposure from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were downloaded and were screened to find critical genes via network analysis. The STRING database, Cytoscape software, and the Clue GO plug-in of Cytoscape software were used. Results: The genes HSX70 and NCC27 were determined as neighbors and HSPA1B, CLIC1, RAB13, PPIF, and LCE3D as hub genes. The over-expression of LCE3D was interpreted as the side effect of laser therapy. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were the dominant biological processes regulated by the HSP molecules in the laser-treated patients. Conclusion: The laser affected the main biological processes and simultaneously issued side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sina Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzade
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Acute effects of photobiomodulation therapy and magnetic field on functional mobility in stroke survivors: a randomized, sham-controlled, triple-blind, crossover, clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1253-1262. [PMID: 31782023 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Identify the optimal energy delivered with a single application of the combination of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) combining different light sources (low-level laser therapy-LLLT and light emitting diode therapy-LEDT) and static magnetic field (sMF) in order to determine the acute effects on functional mobility of stroke survivors. Was conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, triple-blind, clinical trial (RCT). Twelve patients were recruited, however ten concluded the study, they were randomly treated with four PBMT/sMF energies (sham-0 J, 10 J, 30 J, and 50 J per site irradiated), with 1-week interval washout between treatments. PBMT/sMF were administered after the pre-intervention (baseline) evaluation and the total energy delivered per site at each treatment was determined based on the results of the randomization procedure. PBMT/sMF were administered in direct contact with the skin and applied with slight pressure to nine sites on the knee extensors, six sites on the knee flexors, and two sites on the plantar flexors' muscles in both lower limbs (bilaterally). The primary outcome measure was the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and the secondary outcome was the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Significant improvements were found in the 6MWT test using a total energy of 30 J per site compared with sham (0 J) (p < 0.05) and compared with the baseline evaluation (p < 0.01). And in the TUG test significant improvements were also found using a total energy per site of 30 J per site compared to sham (0 J) and baseline (p < 0.05). PBMT with different light sources (laser and LEDs) and wavelengths in combination with sMF with a total energy per site of 30 J has positive acute effects on functional mobility in stroke survivors.
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de Paiva PRV, Casalechi HL, Tomazoni SS, Machado CDSM, Vanin AA, Baroni BM, de Carvalho PDTC, Leal-Junior ECP. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined to static magnetic field in strength training and detraining in humans: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030194. [PMID: 31662370 PMCID: PMC6830659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, it has been demonstrated that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-level laser therapy and/or light-emitting diode therapy combined to static magnetic field (sMF) has ergogenic effects, improving muscular performance and accelerating postexercise recovery. However, many aspects related to these effects and its clinical applicability remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this project is to evaluate the ergogenic effects of PBMT/sMF in detraining after a strength-training protocol. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will be a randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Healthy male volunteers will be randomly distributed into four experimental groups: PBMT/sMF before training sessions + PBMT/sMF during detraining, PBMT/sMF before training sessions + placebo during detraining, placebo before training sessions + PBMT/sMF during detraining and placebo before training sessions + placebo during detraining. Strength-training sessions will be carried out over 12 weeks, and the detraining period will occur during the 4 weeks after. The muscular strength and the structural properties of quadriceps will be analysed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University. The results from this study will be disseminated through scientific publications in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03858179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heliodora Leão Casalechi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos Monteiro Machado
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Aver Vanin
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser therapy is widely used for exercise-induced fatigue, while the effect among different studies remains controversial. The present study was to summary available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of laser therapy in subjects with exercise-induced fatigue. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify the potential RCTs from inception to October 2017. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty RCTs involving a total of 394 individuals were included in final analysis. No significant differences were observed between the laser therapy and control for the outcomes of lactate (WMD: -0.19; 95%CI: -0.52 to 0.13; P = .244), repetitions (WMD: 4.44; 95%CI: -1.43 to 10.32; P = .138), work load (WMD: 3.38; 95%CI: -1.15 to 7.91; P = .144), time taken to perform the exercise tests (WMD: 4.42; 95%CI: -2.33 to 11.17; P = .199), creatine kinase (WMD: -41.80; 95%CI: -168.78 to 85.17; P = .519), maximum voluntary contraction (WMD: 23.83; 95%CI: -7.41 to 55.07; P = .135), mean peak forces (WMD: 2.87; 95%CI: -1.01 to 6.76; P = = .147), and visual analog scale (VAS) (WMD: -1.91; 95%CI: -42.89 to 39.08; P = = .927). The results of sensitivity analysis suggested that laser therapy might play an important role on the levels of lactate (WMD: -0.30; 95%CI: -0.59 to -0.01; P = = .040), maximum voluntary contraction (WMD: 33.54; 95%CI: 1.95 to 65.12; P = = .037), and VAS (WMD: -21.00; 95%CI: -40.78 to -1.22; P = = .037). The results of subgroup analyses indicated no significant differences between the laser therapy and placebo for lactate and repetitions when stratified by study design, mean age, gender, and study quality. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this meta-analysis did not indicate any significant differences between the laser therapy and placebo.
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Photobiomodulation therapy and NMES improve muscle strength and jumping performance in young volleyball athletes: a randomized controlled trial study in Brazil. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:621-631. [PMID: 31402432 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of adding photobiomodulation therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to volleyball athletes' training, focusing on muscle strength and jumping skills. Thirty-six athletes were randomly placed into three groups: control, photobiomodulation therapy, and NMES. The athletes trained to improve their muscle strength and jumping skills. The athletes in the photobiomodulation therapy group were submitted to photobiomodulation therapy (850 nm, continuous, energy density 0.8 J/cm2, radiant energy per point 6 J, total radiant energy 36 J) before undergoing strength and plyometric training. The NMES group additionally underwent NMES-based quadriceps femoris muscle strength training (base frequency 1 kHz, frequency modulation 70 Hz, intensity maximum tolerable). The variables analyzed were muscle strength, jumping ability, global impression, and jump frequency; they were measured at baseline and during follow-ups at 6 and 8 weeks. The statistical analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The between-group differences and their respective 95% CIs were calculated using linear mixed models by using group, time, and group-versus-time interaction terms. Dominant lower limb strength improved the most in the NMES group compared to the control group (mean difference = 1.4, 95% CI = .5 to 2.4). Non-dominant lower limb strength increased in both the photobiomodulation therapy group (mean difference = 1.1, 95% CI = .3 to 2) and the NMES group (mean difference = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.8) compared to the control group, but the NMES group improved more than the photobiomodulation therapy group (mean difference = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.7). The NMES group had the greatest improvement in global perceived effect scale compared to the control group (mean difference = 1.1, 95% CI = 1 to 2.2). Dominant lower limb strength improved in the NMES group compared to the control group. Non-dominant lower limb strength increased in both the photobiomodulation therapy group and the NMES group compared to the control group, but the NMES group improved significantly more than the photobiomodulation therapy group; the NMES group also improved in the global perceived effect scale compared to the control group. This study found that, for volleyball athletes, photobiomodulation therapy and NMES both promoted benefits in terms of muscle-strength gain. In addition, these benefits were maintained for 2 weeks even after training was interrupted. Dominant lower limb strength improved in the NMES group compared to the control group. Non-dominant lower limb strength increased in both the photobiomodulation therapy group and the NMES group compared to the control group, but the NMES group improved significantly more than the photobiomodulation therapy group; the NMES group also improved in global impression of jumps compared to the control group.
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de Paiva PRV, Casalechi HL, Tomazoni SS, Machado CDSM, Miranda EF, Ribeiro NF, Pereira AL, da Costa AS, Dias LB, Souza BCG, Aguiar Lino MM, de Carvalho PDTC, Leal-Junior ECP. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy in aerobic endurance training and detraining in humans: Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15317. [PMID: 31045769 PMCID: PMC6504339 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 10 years, it has been demonstrated that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), also known as phototherapy, using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) has ergogenic effects, improving athletic performance and also accelerating post-exercise recovery. However, many aspects related to these effects and its clinical applicability remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this project is to evaluate the ergogenic effects of PBMT in detraining after an aerobic endurance training protocol. METHODS AND ANALYZES A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be carried out. Healthy male volunteers will be randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups: PBMT before and after training sessions + PBMT during detraining, PBMT before and after training sessions + placebo during detraining, placebo before and after training sessions + PBMT during detraining, and placebo before and after training sessions + placebo during detraining. The aerobic endurance training sessions will be carried out using motorized treadmills during 12 weeks, and the detraining period will consist in the next 4 weeks after that. It will be analyzed the time until exhaustion, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and fat percentage of volunteers. DISCUSSION Despite the increasing body of evidence for the use of PBMT as an ergogenic agent, several aspects remain unknown. The findings of this study will contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field regarding clinical applications. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University. The results from this study will be further disseminated through scientific publications in international peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03879226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University
| | | | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Firmo Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University
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Are the ergogenic effects of photobiomodulation therapy age-dependent? A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:759-764. [PMID: 31025208 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Francisco CDO, Beltrame T, Hughson RL, Milan-Mattos JC, Ferroli-Fabricio AM, Galvão Benze B, Ferraresi C, Parizotto NA, Bagnato VS, Borghi-Silva A, Porta A, Catai AM. Effects of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic adjustments during aerobic exercise and glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: A randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 42:178-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vieira KVSG, Ciol MA, Azevedo PH, Pinfildi CE, Renno ACM, Colantonio E, Tucci HT. Effects of Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on the Performance of Biceps Brachii Muscle of Young Healthy Males After 8 Weeks of Strength Training: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:433-442. [PMID: 30689618 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vieira, KVSG, Ciol, MA, Azevedo, PH, Pinfildi, CE, Renno, ACM, Colantonio, E, and Tucci, HT. Effects of light-emitting diode therapy on the performance of biceps brachii muscle of young healthy males after 8 weeks of strength training: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 433-442, 2019-We assessed the effect of adding light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) to an 8-week strength training of biceps brachii in healthy young males. Forty-five participants were randomized into training plus LEDT, training plus sham LEDT, and control groups (n = 15 each). Individuals in the LEDT groups participated in strength training performed in a Scott machine at their maximum number of elbow flexion-extension repetitions. The LEDT was applied to biceps brachii of dominant limb at the end of training sessions (device "on" for LEDT and "off" for sham LEDT). Training loads were re-evaluated every 2 weeks. Controls did not receive training during 8 weeks. All groups were evaluated for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and fatigue at baseline and 8 weeks. Additionally, the 2 LEDT groups were evaluated every 2 weeks for 1-RM and number of elbow flexion-extension repetitions. The groups were statistically different in mean difference and mean percent change of 1-RM from baseline to week 8 (p < 0.001). Analyzing the 2 LEDT groups, we found an interaction between group and time (p = 0.02), with a slightly faster increase in 1-RM for the LEDT than the sham LEDT. Over time, both groups decreased the number of repetitions of elbow flexion-extension (differences not statistically significant), possibly because of the increase of load over time. We found no difference in change of fatigue index among the 3 groups. Our study showed potential benefits to 1RM when LEDT is applied after a strength training session. Future studies might assess whether different doses of LEDT can reduce fatigue in strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila V S G Vieira
- Department of Human Movement Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia A Ciol
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Campus Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paulo H Azevedo
- Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Pinfildi
- Department of Human Movement Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilson Colantonio
- Department of Human Movement Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helga T Tucci
- Department of Human Movement Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costa IP, Politti F, Cahalin LP, de Carvalho EFT, Costa D, Corrêa JCF, Vieira RP, Oliveira-Junior MC, De Angelis K, Stirbulov R, Dal Corso S, de Carvalho PDT, Parizotto NA, Arena R, Sampaio LM. Acute Effects Using Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT) for Muscle Function during Isometric Exercise in Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7501870. [PMID: 30775383 PMCID: PMC6354134 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7501870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acute application of LEDT in improving peripheral muscle performance during isometric exercise in patients with asthma. Eleven patients, with a mean age 38 ± 10, underwent a single LEDT and sham application in the femoral quadriceps' dominant member (cluster with 50 LED λ = 850 nm, 50 mW, 15 s; 37.5 J), 48 h apart in a randomized crossover design. Before and after LEDT and sham application, the patients were submitted an isometric endurance test (60% of the maximum isometric voluntary contraction), up to the limit of tolerance simultaneous recording of surface electromyography. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at the time of contraction (before 41±14 versus 44±16; after 46±12 versus 45±20 s) during the isometric contraction test and inflammatory markers before and after a single LEDT application. A single application of LEDT in the parameters and dose according to the equipment used in the study were not able to promote differences in the time of contraction and the fatigue response in asthmatic patients. However, the chronic effects of LEDT application for improving muscle performance in these patients are unknown and may present different responses during applications for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Peres Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Politti
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dirceu Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-Graduation Program in Sciences in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Santos, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia De Angelis
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Dal Corso
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso de Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Department of Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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Effects of Laser Acupuncture on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the Biceps Brachii Muscle: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6568976. [PMID: 30755776 PMCID: PMC6348906 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6568976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effects of laser acupuncture on improvement of recovery and muscle performance in delayed muscle soreness (DOMS) when applied before exercise. Methods This randomized, blinded, and controlled study included healthy participants (n = 40) who were randomized into laser acupuncture and placebo groups. Laser acupuncture was applied to the Tianquan (PC2) and Chihtseh acupoints (LU5) at a dose of 36 J and energy density of 9.7 J/cm2 before inducing DOMS. The placebo group received sham laser acupuncture with no laser output. Visual analog scale (VAS), proprioception, pressure pain threshold (PPT), arm circumference, and muscle strength were observed at the baseline and 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after induction of DOMS. Results Significant changes in the VAS (F4, 43.96 = 31.47; p = 0.001), PPT (F4, 1.35 = 35.07; p = 0.001), normalized arm circumference (F4, 0.001 = 3.87; p = 0.005), and normalized muscle strength (F4, 0.31 = 24.99; p = 0.001) were observed within the groups over time (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Normalized arm circumference was significantly different between the two groups at 48 and 72 h after induction of DOMS (p < 0.05). Conclusion Photobiomodulation therapy on Tianquan (PC2) and Chihtseh acupoints (LU5) before the exercise did not significantly decrease DOMS and increase muscle performance. Laser acupuncture as a supplemental therapy seemed to have no effect on DOMS prevention.
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Alves VMN, Furlan RMMM, Motta AR. Immediate effects of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy on muscle performance: an integrative literature review. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/201921412019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the influence of low-level laser on muscle performance and to identify the most used dosimetric parameters. Methods: the search for articles was carried out on the PubMed, BVS, Web of Science and SciELO platforms. The articles selected were original ones, with available abstracts and that evaluated the use of photobiomodulation on muscular performance. The data were analyzed according to the author, year of publication, sample, place of application, parameters evaluated, wavelength, dosimetry used and results found. Results: the final sample consisted of 27 articles published between 2008 and 2017. The sample size in the studies ranged from 8 to 60 individuals, aged from 17 to 70 years. A greater use of infrared wavelength, with punctual applications carried out in the path of the muscle, was observed. Regarding the dose, there was a variation from 0.24 to 50 joules per point. Of the total, only 5 (18.5%) studies had not found significant answers for the considered variables. Conclusion: most of the studies pointed out that low-level laser can improve muscle performance. The methodology used in the work was diversified, rendering data compilation difficult, being impossible to set the ideal parameters for this purpose.
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Leal-Junior ECP, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Bjordal JM. Clinical and scientific recommendations for the use of photobiomodulation therapy in exercise performance enhancement and post-exercise recovery: current evidence and future directions. Braz J Phys Ther 2018; 23:71-75. [PMID: 30591412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is about ten years since the first randomized controlled trial looking for the effects of photobiomodulation therapy using low-level laser therapy and/or light emitting diodes therapy in athletic performance enhancement was published. Since then, the knowledge in this field has increasing exponentially. OBJECTIVE Given the fast advance in clinical interest, research and development in the use of photobiomodulation therapy for athletic performance enhancement and also to accelerate post-exercise recovery, as pioneers in this research field we felt the need to establish recommendations to ensure the correct use of the therapy, and also to guide the further studies in this area looking for the achievement of highest scientific evidence. It is important to highlight that the establishment of both clinical and scientific recommendations in this masterclass article were based on the most recent systematic reviews with meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials published in this field. It is important to stress that the recommendations of this masterclass article are based on most recent systematic reviews with meta-analysis and RCTs published in this research field. Future guidelines must follow the same direction and must be based only at the highest scientific evidence, avoiding overstatements and extrapolations based on animal experiments and case-studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, Universidade Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Photobiomodulation therapy is beneficial in reducing muscle fatigue in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes and physically active men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Calleja-Gonzalez J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Sanchez-Ureña B, Ostojic SM, Terrados N. Recovery in volleyball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:982-993. [PMID: 30317835 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In current team sports (including volleyball), the players have to play numerous competitive matches without time to recover. Volleyball can be defined as a moderate duration exercise including repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with brief periods of low to moderate active recovery or passive rest. A match is characterized by repeated explosive activities, such as: jumps, shuffles and rapid changes in direction. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION To guarantee adequate recovery after matches, it is necessary to know the type of fatigue induced and if possible its underlying mechanisms. Recovery strategies are commonly utilized in volleyball despite limited scientific confirmation to support their effectiveness to facilitating optimal recovery. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS It is particularly important to optimize recovery because players spend a much greater proportion of their time recovering than they do in training. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the main aim of this brief review is to facilitate useful information for practical application, based on the scientific evidence and applied knowledge specifically in volleyball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Calleja-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain -
| | - Braulio Sanchez-Ureña
- Human Movement and Quality Life School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nicolas Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sport Medicine-Avilés City-Council Foundation, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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De Marchi T, Leal-Junior ECP, Lando KC, Cimadon F, Vanin AA, da Rosa DP, Salvador M. Photobiomodulation therapy before futsal matches improves the staying time of athletes in the court and accelerates post-exercise recovery. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:139-148. [PMID: 30264178 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze PBMT effects on futsal player's performance and recovery in a non-controlled field environment. It is a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. The research included six professional athletes and in each match phototherapy treatments were performed before matches (40 minutes), blood samples were collected before treatments, and samples immediately after the end of the matches and 48 h after. Furthermore, videos were analyzed to quantify the time athletes spent on the pitch and the distance they covered. PBMT was performed at 17 sites of each lower limb (40 mins before matches), employing a cluster with 12 diodes (4 laser diodes of 905 nm, 4 LEDs of 875 nm, and 4 LEDs of 640 nm, 30 J per site). The performance of the athlete could be quantified considering the time on the pitch and the distance covered; the biochemical markers evaluated were creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood lactate, and oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. PBMT significantly increased the time of staying in the pitch and a significant improvement in all the biochemical markers evaluated. No statistically significant difference was found for the distance covered. Pre-exercise PBMT can enhance performance and accelerate recovery of high-level futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Marchi
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
- Faculty Cenecista of Bento Gonçalves (CNEC), Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalvin Comin Lando
- Academic Physical Therapy, Faculty Cenecista of Bento Gonçalves (CNEC), Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Cimadon
- Academic Physical Therapy, Faculty Cenecista of Bento Gonçalves (CNEC), Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Aver Vanin
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Vassão PG, Toma RL, Antunes HKM, Renno ACM. Photobiomodulation and physical exercise on strength, balance and functionality of elderly women. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.031.ao09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Aging is associated with structural changes in muscle tissue, which leads to the loss of functional independence. The preservation of the muscle strength through strength training, and recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has high clinical significance. Objective: to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM - 808 nm, 100 mW, 35.7 W/cm2 and 7 J) associated with a strength training program on quadriceps muscle strength, balance and functional capacity in elderly women. Methods: Thirty-five healthy women between 60 to 70 years old were divided into two groups: Placebo Group (n = 13) and Active Group (n = 14). The exercise protocol consisted of knee flexion-extension exercise followed by application of PBM placebo or active, twice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Results: showed a significant increase in 6MWT (p = 0.001), SPPB (p = 0.006) and 1-MR (p = 0.001) in both groups. The strength training program associated with PBM active improved a significant increase, relative to baseline, to the right medial/lateral stability index (p = 0.007) and decrease in the Fall Risk Test (p = 0.005). Conclusion: the strength training produced a significant increase of muscle strength and functionality and when combined with the PMB it was significant in the improvement of postural stability and decrease of fall risk.
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de Oliveira HA, Antonio EL, Silva FA, de Carvalho PDTC, Feliciano R, Yoshizaki A, Vieira SDS, de Melo BL, Leal-Junior ECP, Labat R, Bocalini DS, Silva Junior JA, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Protective effects of photobiomodulation against resistance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in rats. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2349-2357. [PMID: 29578836 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1457419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) prior to or post resistance exercise could attenuate muscle damage and inflammation. Female Wistar rats were assigned to non-LLLT or LLLT groups. An 830-nm DMC Laser Photon III was used to irradiate their hind legs with 2J, 4J, and 8J doses. Irradiations were performed prior to or post (4J) resistance exercise bouts. Resistance exercise consisted of four maximum load climbs. The load work during a resistance exercise bout was similar between Control (non-LLLT, 225 ± 10 g), 2J (215 ± 8 g), 4J (210 ± 9 g), and 8J (226 ± 9 g) groups. Prior LLLT did not induce climbing performance improvement, but exposure to 4J irradiation resulted in lower blood lactate levels post-exercise. The 4J dose decreased creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels post-exercise regardless of the time of application. Moreover, 4-J irradiation exposure significantly attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. There was minor macrophage muscle infiltration in 4J-exposed rats. These data indicate that LLLT prior to or post resistance exercise can reduce muscle damage and inflammation, resulting in muscle recovery improvement. We attempted to determine an ideal LLLT dose for suitable results, wherein 4J irradiation exposure showed a significant protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Regiane Feliciano
- a Laboratory of Biophotonic , Nove de Julho University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Labat
- c Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences , Nove de Julho University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- d Translational Physiology Laboratory and Physical Education and Aging Science Program , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- a Laboratory of Biophotonic , Nove de Julho University , São Paulo , Brazil
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Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy at 904 nm mitigates effects of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in young women. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1197-1205. [PMID: 29455305 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a process influenced by several mechanisms such as concentration of metabolic substrates, changes in blood flow, and increases in reactive oxygen species that impair contractile muscle function. In this context, photobiomodulation has been investigated for preventing muscle fatigue, with reports of positive effects on muscle performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 904-nm LASER photobiomodulation on rectus femoris muscle performance in young women. Eighteen young women participated in a randomized, participant and assessor-blinded crossover trial with placebo control. Active LASER (904 nm, 60 mW, 250 Hz, 3.6 J per diode, total dose of 129.6 J) intervention was applied prior to an isokinetic fatigue protocol consisting of a set of 60 concentric quadricep contractions at a constant dynamometer angular velocity of 180°/s. Compared to placebo, LASER photobiomodulation significantly reduced muscle fatigue across a range of indicators including reduced ratings of perceived exertion (P = 0.0139), and increased electromyographic fatigue index (EFI) (P = 0.005). The isokinetic dynamometer performance analysis demonstrated that LASER photobiomodulation increased peak torque (P = 0.04), time to peak torque (P = 0.042), total work (P = 0.032), average power (P = 0.0007), and average peak torque (P = 0.019) between both experimental conditions. No significant difference was observed for work fatigue index (P = 0.29) or for lactate concentration (P > 0.05). Photobiomodulation at 904 nm was effective in reducing fatigue levels and increasing muscle performance in young active women but had no effect on lactate levels.
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Improvement of Performance and Reduction of Fatigue With Low-Level Laser Therapy in Competitive Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 13:14-22. [PMID: 28422520 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) minimizes fatigue effects on muscle performance. However, the ideal LLLT dosage to improve athletes'performance during sports activities such as cycling is still unclear. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of different LLLT dosages on cyclists'performance in time-to-exhaustion tests. In addition, the effects of LLLT on the frequency content of the EMG signals to assess fatigue mechanisms were examined. Twenty male competitive cyclists participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion (on day 1) followed by 4 time-to-exhaustion tests (on days 2-5) at their individual maximal power output. Before each time-to-exhaustion test, different dosages of LLLT (135, 270, and 405 J/thigh, respectively) or placebo were applied at the quadriceps muscle bilaterally. Power output and muscle activation from both lower limbs were recorded throughout the tests. Increased performance in time-to-exhaustion tests was observed with the LLLT-135 J (∼22 s; P < .01), LLLT-270 J (∼13 s; P = .03), and LLLT-405 J (∼13 s; P = .02) compared to placebo (149 ± 23 s). Although LLLT-270 J and LLLT-405 J did not show significant differences in muscle activation compared with placebo, LLLT-135 J led to an increased high-frequency content compared with placebo in both limbs at the end of the exhaustion test (P ≤ .03). In conclusion, LLLT increased time to exhaustion in competitive cyclists, suggesting this intervention as a possible nonpharmacological ergogenic agent in cycling. Among the different dosages, LLLT-135 J seems to promote the best effects.
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Froio JL, Renno ACM, Chagas EFB, Campos FGLD, Pucci RLA, Kishi MS, Pedroni CR. EFEITO AGUDO DO LASER DE BAIXA POTÊNCIA NA FADIGA DO BÍCEPS BRAQUIAL DE ATLETAS DE VOLEIBOL. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172306149449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: A laserterapia de baixa potência tem entre seus propósitos auxiliar a recuperação de tecidos biológicos, atenuando os efeitos da fadiga muscular e contribuindo com a melhora do desempenho em atletas. Aspectos metodológicos ainda limitam as conclusões do efeito agudo da laserterapia sobre o desempenho muscular. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do laser terapêutico de baixa potência na fadiga induzida do bíceps braquial de atletas de voleibol. Métodos: Este foi um estudo randomizado e duplo-cego, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da UNESP de Marília. Participaram do estudo 19 atletas de voleibol de ambos os sexos. Realizou-se coleta de dados eletromiográficos do músculo bíceps braquial no exercício isométrico de flexão de cotovelo antes e após a aplicação do laser terapêutico. Um haltere com 75% do pico de força, obtido por uma célula de carga, foi utilizado para o protocolo de fadiga. Em seguida, os voluntários foram submetidos à aplicação do laser (ativo ou placebo) em seis pontos do músculo bíceps braquial. Os dados eletromiográficos foram analisados no domínio da frequência, utilizando-se o software Myosystem®. Verificou-se a distribuição de normalidade dos dados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, e utilizou-se Anova (split plot) de medidas repetidas a fim de testar a interação entre tempo e grupo. Resultados: Para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas foi observada interação significativa entre grupo e tempo, indicando que o grupo irradiado não apresentou vantagens com relação ao grupo placebo. Conclusão: Após o protocolo de fadiga proposto, uma única aplicação de laser de baixa potência não foi suficiente para produzir efeitos positivos no desempenho de força e no sinal eletromiográfico do músculo bíceps braquial de atletas de voleibol.
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Ferreira Junior A, Schamne JC, de Moraes SMF, Okuno NM. Cardiac autonomic responses and number of repetitions maximum after LED irradiation in the ipsilateral and contralateral lower limb. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:353-359. [PMID: 29177980 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the maximum number of repetitions, fatigue index, blood lactate concentration ([Lac]), and cardiac autonomic responses after LED irradiation (LEDI) in the ipsilateral and contralateral limb. Twelve male subjects (22.0 ± 3.86 years; weight 82.94 ± 12.58 kg; height 1.77 ± 0.05 m), physically active, took part in this study. The subjects underwent a one repetition maximum (1RM) test and performed four randomly experimental sessions in the horizontal leg press exercise, which consisted in four sets of maximum repetitions at 80% of 1RM. The subjects performed two experimental sessions applying LED active or placebo on ipsilateral limb and two experimental sessions applying LED active or placebo on contralateral limb prior exercise and in the interval of sets on quadriceps and hamstrings muscles. A number of repetitions and fatigue index were verified. [Lac] and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected during post-exercise recovery and analyzed. It was observed that active LEDI promoted an increase in maximal number of repetitions (LEDI = 44.4 ± 9.0 vs placebo = 39.9 ± 11.4; p < 0.05) and decreases the fatigue index (LEDI = 34.3 ± 21.8% vs placebo = 50.0 ± 26.6%; p < 0.05) comparing to placebo situation, only in the ipsilateral application. There were no differences on [Lac] and in HRV parameters comparing LEDI vs placebo on post-exercise recovery in both applications (p > 0.05). The LEDI improves performance only in the ipsilateral application, but there were no differences on [Lac] and cardiac autonomic responses after exercise for both the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Ferreira Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Julio Cezar Schamne
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Massaru Okuno
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
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Photobiomodulation therapy for the improvement of muscular performance and reduction of muscular fatigue associated with exercise in healthy people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:181-214. [PMID: 29090398 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Researches have been performed to investigate the effects of phototherapy on improving performance and reduction of muscular fatigue. However, a great variability in the light parameters and protocols of the trials are a concern to establish the efficacy of this therapy to be used in sports or clinic. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness, moment of application of phototherapy within an exercise protocol, and which are the parameters optimally effective for the improvement of muscular performance and the reduction of muscular fatigue in healthy people. Systematic searches of PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were conducted for randomized clinical trials to March 2017. Analyses of risk of bias and quality of evidence of the included trials were performed, and authors were contacted to obtain any missing or unclear information. We included 39 trials (861 participants). Data were reported descriptively through tables, and 28 trials were included in meta-analysis comparing outcomes to placebo. Meta-analysis was performed for the variables: time until reach exhaustion, number of repetitions, isometric peak torque, and blood lactate levels showing a very low to moderate quality of evidence and some effect in favor to phototherapy. Further investigation is required due the lack of methodological quality, small sample size, great variability of exercise protocols, and phototherapy parameters. In general, positive results were found using both low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy or combination of both in a wavelength range from 655 to 950 nm. Most of positive results were observed with an energy dose range from 20 to 60 J for small muscular groups and 60 to 300 J for large muscular groups and maximal power output of 200 mW per diode.
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Effects of photobiomodulation therapy and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on skeletal muscle injury induced by contusion in rats—part 1: morphological and functional aspects. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:2111-2120. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Nausheen S, Moiz JA, Raza S, Shareef MY, Anwer S, Alghadir AH. Preconditioning by light-load eccentric exercise is equally effective as low-level laser therapy in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in collegiate men. J Pain Res 2017; 10:2213-2221. [PMID: 28979160 PMCID: PMC5602376 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s139615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Previous studies have already reported an independent effect of light-load eccentric exercise (10% eccentric exercise contraction [EEC]) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a protective measure against more strenuous eccentric exercise. However, the difference between these two interventions is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the preconditioning effect of 10% EEC vs. LLLT on subjective, physiological, and biochemical markers of muscle damage in elbow flexors in collegiate men. Methods All 36 enrolled subjects were randomly assigned to either 10% EEC or LLLT group. Subjects in 10% EEC group performed 30 repetitions of an eccentric exercise with 10% maximal voluntary contraction strength 2 days prior to maximal eccentric exercise bout, whereas subjects in LLLT group were given LLLT. All the indirect markers of muscle damage were measured pre-exercise and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the exercise-induced muscle damage protocol. Results The muscle soreness was reduced in both groups (p = 0.024); however, soreness was attenuated more in LLLT group at 48 hours (33.5 vs. 42.7, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the effect of 10% EEC and LLLT groups on other markers of muscle damage like a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (p = 0.47), range of motion (p = 0.16), upper arm circumference (p = 0.70), creatine kinase (p = 0.42), and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.08). Within-group analysis showed both interventions provided similar protection over time. Conclusion This study indicated that light-load eccentric exercise confers similar protective effect against subsequent maximal eccentric exercise as LLLT. Both the treatments could be used reciprocally based on the patient preference, costs, and feasibility of the equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Nausheen
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahid Raza
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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47
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Tomazoni SS, Frigo L, Dos Reis Ferreira TC, Casalechi HL, Teixeira S, de Almeida P, Muscara MN, Marcos RL, Serra AJ, de Carvalho PDTC, Leal-Junior ECP. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on skeletal muscle injury induced by contusion in rats-part 2: biochemical aspects. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1879-1887. [PMID: 28795275 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle injuries trigger an inflammatory process, releasing important biochemical markers for tissue regeneration. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the treatment of choice to promote pain relief due to muscle injury. NSAIDs exhibit several adverse effects and their efficacy is questionable. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been demonstrated to effectively modulate inflammation induced from musculoskeletal disorders and may be used as an alternative to NSAIDs. Here, we assessed and compared the effects of different doses of PBMT and topical NSAIDs on biochemical parameters during an acute inflammatory process triggered by a controlled model of contusion-induced musculoskeletal injury in rats. Muscle injury was induced by trauma to the anterior tibial muscle of rats. After 1 h, rats were treated with PBMT (830 nm, continuous mode, 100 mW of power, 35.71 W/cm2; 1, 3, and 9 J; 10, 30, and 90 s) or diclofenac sodium (1 g). Our results demonstrated that PBMT, 1 J (35.7 J/cm2), 3 J (107.1 J/cm2), and 9 J (321.4 J/cm2) reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes at all assessed times as compared to the injury and diclofenac groups (p < 0.05). The diclofenac group showed reduced levels of COX-2 only in relation to the injury group (p < 0.05). COX-2 protein expression remained unchanged with all therapies except with PBMT at a 3-J dose at 12 h (p < 0.05 compared to the injury group). In addition, PBMT (1, 3, and 9 J) effectively reduced levels of cytokines TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 at all assessed times as compared to the injury and diclofenac groups (p < 0.05). Thus, PBMT at a 3-J dose was more effective than other doses of PBMT and topical NSAIDs in the modulation of the inflammatory process caused by muscle contusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Rua Cesário Galeno, 448/475, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Lúcio Frigo
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Dos Reis Ferreira
- Laboratory of Phototherapy in Sports and Exercise, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heliodora Leão Casalechi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy in Sports and Exercise, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nicolas Muscara
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy in Sports and Exercise, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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de Souza Faria ALB, Conrado LAL, Vanzela LS, Villaverde AB, Munin E. Application of phototherapy for the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1579-1586. [PMID: 28717890 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effects of LED light irradiation on the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Fifty-seven neonatal calves were divided into two groups. Animals had their umbilical stumps immersed in 10% iodine tincture for 60 s, and this process was repeated every 24 h for three consecutive days. The 29 animals in the first group did not receive LED therapy. The 28 animals in the second group received LED light irradiation at 640 nm with 300 mW power, 46.8 J/cm2 energy density, 60 s irradiation time, and 0.385 cm2 spot size. The animals were irradiated at four points (46.8 J/cm2 per point) evenly distributed around the insertion site of the umbilical stump every 24 h for three consecutive days. Irradiation with LED light was applied before the umbilical stumps were immersed in the iodine solution. The time after birth at which the umbilical stump fell off of each calf was noted. The umbilical stumps of all animals fell off by the 25th day of age. After the umbilical stump fell off, the healing of the remnant wound was followed up to the 30th day after birth. The area of the wound was measured on the 15th, 20th, and 25th day after birth using digital photographs and computer-assisted area measurements. A two-tailed unpaired t test was applied to analyze the falling off the umbilical stump, whereas a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test with a Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for the wound size evolution. GraphPad Prisma 5.0® and GraphPad StatMate 2.00® were used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that phototherapy hastened the falling off the umbilical stump, accelerated navel healing, and reduced the mortality rate in newborn calves. Therefore, this study introduced a preventive and adjuvant after birth treatment that proved to be effective in reducing the incidences of omphalitis and newborn mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Augusto Lupato Conrado
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Rua Carolina Fonseca 584, Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sergio Vanzela
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Estrada Projetada F-1, s/n, Fazenda Santa Rita, Fernandópolis, SP, 15600-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Balbin Villaverde
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil. .,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil.
| | - Egberto Munin
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil.,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
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Machado AF, Micheletti JK, Vanderlei FM, Nakamura FY, Leal-Junior ECP, Netto Junior J, Pastre CM. Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diodes (LEDT) applied during combined training on performance and post-exercise recovery: protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:296-304. [PMID: 28579190 PMCID: PMC5537481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown positive results of phototherapy for improving performance and accelerating recovery; however, the effects of phototherapy during training and after a primary adaptation remain unclear. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to analyze the effects of phototherapy and combined training on clinical, functional, and psychological outcomes and on vascular endothelial growth factor. METHODS This randomized placebo-controlled trial by stratified sample will involve 45 healthy male participants. In phase 1, the participants will undergo six weeks of combined training (sprints and squats). In phase 2, participants will be allocated through stratified randomization (based on adaptation capacity) into three groups: active phototherapy group (AG), placebo group (PG), and non-treatment control group (CG). A new six-week training program will then start and the participants will receive the recovery strategy between sprints and squats. The primary outcome will be maximal isometric contraction. The secondary outcomes include strength and power testing, maximal incremental test, squat jump, sprint test, muscle soreness, pain threshold, perceptions of exertion and recovery, psychological questionnaire, and vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first trial to include phototherapy during training. We believe that this strategy will combine the ergogenic and prophylactic effects in the same session. Furthermore, an application protocol performed after primary adaptation may reflect the real effect of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Flauzino Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Kirsch Micheletti
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele Marques Vanderlei
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jayme Netto Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira Junior A, Kaspchak LAM, Bertuzzi R, Okuno NM. Effects of light-emitting diode irradiation on time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic speed. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:935-939. [PMID: 28466196 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Ferreira Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz André Mainardes Kaspchak
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilo Massaru Okuno
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
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