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Lee DH, Lee B, Park JS, Lee YS, Kim JH, Cho Y, Jo Y, Kim HS, Lee YH, Nam KT, Bae SH. Inactivation of Sirtuin2 protects mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury: possible involvement of ER stress and S6K1 activation. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30021675 PMCID: PMC6476489 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.3.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial damage and subsequent necrosis in hepatocytes. Sirtuin2 (Sirt2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates several biological processes, including hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as inflammatory pathways. We show that APAP decreases the expression of Sirt2. Moreover, the ablation of Sirt2 attenuates APAP-induced liver injuries, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes. We found that Sirt2 deficiency alleviates the APAP-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and phosphorylation of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Moreover, Sirt2 interacts with and deacetylates S6K1, followed by S6K1 phosphorylation induction. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of Sirt2 inactivation in APAP-induced liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Buhyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yu Seol Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Chang Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Chan Y, Liu M, Hu S, Tseng W, Wu H, Wang M, Chang S. Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801102. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Ching Chang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
- Department of NursingShu‐Zen College of Medicine and Management 821 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Tien Chen
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University 110 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Wen Liu
- Department of Physical EducationNational Taiwan Normal University 106 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yin‐Ching Chan
- Department of Food and NutritionProvidence University 433 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Yi Liu
- Department of Long Term CareWu Feng University 621 Chiayi County Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical University 807 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Tai Tseng
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Ling Wu
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Fu Wang
- Department of Food and NutritionProvidence University 433 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Sue‐Joan Chang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
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Impact of medication on protein and amino acid metabolism in the elderly: the sulfur amino acid and paracetamol case. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:179-192. [PMID: 29554987 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The optimisation of nutritional support for the growing number of older individuals does not usually take into account medication. Paracetamol (acetaminophen; APAP) is the first intention treatment of chronic pain that is highly prevalent and persistent in the elderly. Detoxification of APAP occurs in the liver and utilises sulfate and glutathione (GSH), both of which are issued from cysteine (Cys), a conditionally indispensable amino acid. The detoxification-induced siphoning of Cys could reduce the availability of Cys for skeletal muscle. Consequently, APAP could worsen sarcopenia, an important component of the frailty syndrome leading to dependency. The present review provides the rationale for the potential pro-sarcopenic effect of APAP then recent results concerning the effect of chronic APAP treatment on muscle mass and metabolism are discussed. The principal findings are that chronic treatments with doses of APAP comparable with the maximum posology for humans can increase the requirement for sulfur amino acids (SAA), reduce Cys availability for muscle, reduce muscle protein synthesis and aggravate sarcopenia in animals. One clinical study is in favour of an enhanced SAA requirement in the older individual under chronic treatment with APAP. Few clinical studies investigated the effect of chronic treatment with APAP combined with exercise, in nutritional conditions that probably did not affect Cys and GSH homeostasis. Whether APAP can aggravate sarcopenia in older individuals with low protein intake remains to be tested. If true, nutritional strategies based on enhancing Cys supply could be of prime interest to cut down the pro-sarcopenic effect of chronic treatment with APAP.
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Patel SH, D'Lugos AC, Eldon ER, Curtis D, Dickinson JM, Carroll CC. Impact of acetaminophen consumption and resistance exercise on extracellular matrix gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R44-R50. [PMID: 28515079 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00019.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) given during chronic exercise reduces skeletal muscle collagen and cross-linking in rats. We propose that the effect of APAP on muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) may, in part, be mediated by dysregulation of the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of APAP consumption during acute resistance exercise (RE) on several regulators of the ECM in human skeletal muscle. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, recreationally active men (n = 8, 25 ± 2 yr) performed two trials of knee extension. Placebo (PLA) or APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) was given for 24 h before and immediately following RE. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline and 1 and 3 h post-RE. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine differences in mRNA expression. MMP-2, type I collagen, and type III collagen mRNA expression was not altered by exercise or APAP (P > 0.05). When compared with PLA, TIMP-1 expression was lower at 1 h post-RE during APAP conditions but greater than PLA at 3 h post-RE (P < 0.05). MMP-9 expression and protein levels were elevated at 3 h post-RE independent of treatment (P < 0.05). Lysyl oxidase expression was greater at 3 h post-RE during APAP consumption (P < 0.05) compared with PLA. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein was not altered by RE or APAP (P > 0.05). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK increased (P < 0.05) with RE but was not influenced by APAP. Our findings do not support our hypothesis and suggest that short-term APAP consumption before RE has a small impact on the measured ECM molecules in human skeletal muscle following acute RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam H Patel
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew C D'Lugos
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Erica R Eldon
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | | | - Jared M Dickinson
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Chad C Carroll
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona; .,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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5
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Shabtay O, Breitbart H. CaMKII prevents spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis in sperm through induction of actin polymerization. Dev Biol 2016; 415:64-74. [PMID: 27178669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to interact with the egg and undergo acrosomal exocytosis or the acrosome reaction (AR), mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a series of biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. We showed that F-actin is formed during sperm capacitation and fast depolymerization occurs prior to the AR. We hypothesized that F-actin protects the sperm from undergoing spontaneous-AR (sAR) which decreases fertilization rate. We show that activation of the actin-severing protein gelsolin induces a significant increase in sAR. Moreover, inhibition of CaMKII or PLD during sperm capacitation, caused an increase in sAR and inhibition of F-actin formation. Spermine, which leads to PLD activation, was able to reverse the effects of CaMKII inhibition on sAR-increase and F-actin-decrease. Furthermore, the increase in sAR and the decrease in F-actin caused by the inactivation of the PLD-pathway, were reversed by activation of CaMKII using H2O2 or by inhibiting protein phosphatase 1 which enhance the phosphorylation and oxidation states of CaMKII. These results indicate that two distinct pathways lead to F-actin formation in the sperm capacitation process which prevents the occurrence of sAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Shabtay
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Haim Breitbart
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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Zhou X, Li M, Huang H, Chen K, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Chen H, Zhang X, Chen L, Chen Y, Mo D. HMGB2 regulates satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration via IGF2BP2. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4305-4316. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanism underlying modulation of transcription factors in myogenesis has been well elucidated, the function of the transcription cofactors involved in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we identified HMGB2 as an essential nuclear transcriptional co-regulator in myogenesis. HMGB2 was highly expressed in undifferentiated myoblasts and regenerating muscle. Knockdown of HMGB2 inhibited myoblast proliferation and stimulated its differentiation. HMGB2 depletion down-regulated Myf5 and Cyclin A2 on the protein but not mRNA level. In contrast, overexpression of HMGB2 promoted Myf5 and Cyclin A2 protein upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 is a downstream target of HMGB2, as previously shown for HMGA2. IGF2BP2 binds to mRNAs of Myf5 or Cyclin A2, resulting in translation enhancement or mRNA stabilization, respectively. Notably, overexpression of IGF2BP2 could partially rescue protein levels of Myf5 and Cyclin A2, in response to HMGB2 decrease. Moreover, depletion of HMGB2 in vivo severely attenuated muscle repair; this was due to a decrease in satellite cells. Together, these results highlight the previously undiscovered and critical role of HMGB2-IGF2BP2 axis in myogenesis and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Rice KM, Nalabotu SK, Manne NDPK, Kolli MB, Nandyala G, Arvapalli R, Ma JY, Blough ER. Exposure to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Is Associated With Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Signaling and Apoptosis in Rat Lungs. J Prev Med Public Health 2015; 48:132-41. [PMID: 26081650 PMCID: PMC4484279 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.15.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: With recent advances in nanoparticle manufacturing and applications, potential exposure to nanoparticles in various settings is becoming increasing likely. No investigation has yet been performed to assess whether respiratory tract exposure to cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles is associated with alterations in protein signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat lungs. Methods: Specific-pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled with either vehicle (saline) or CeO2 nanoparticles at a dosage of 7.0 mg/kg and euthanized 1, 3, 14, 28, 56, or 90 days after exposure. Lung tissues were collected and evaluated for the expression of proteins associated with inflammation and cellular apoptosis. Results: No change in lung weight was detected over the course of the study; however, cerium accumulation in the lungs, gross histological changes, an increased Bax to Bcl-2 ratio, elevated cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and diminished phosphorylation of ERK-1/2-MAPK were detected after CeO2 instillation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that high-dose respiratory exposure to CeO2 nanoparticles is associated with lung inflammation, the activation of signaling protein kinases, and cellular apoptosis, which may be indicative of a long-term localized inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rice
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; School of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Biotechnology Department, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Siva K Nalabotu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Madhukar B Kolli
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Geeta Nandyala
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Jane Y Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; School of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Biotechnology Department, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA ; Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
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Carroll CC, Martineau K, Arthur KA, Huynh RT, Volper BD, Broderick TL. The effect of chronic treadmill exercise and acetaminophen on collagen and cross-linking in rat skeletal muscle and heart. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R294-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00374.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise and/or acetaminophen (APAP) alter collagen and cross-linking in the rat gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle, and heart. Male Wistar rats ( n = 50; 8 wk old) were divided into placebo (PLA) or APAP groups and sedentary (SED) or exercised (RUN) groups. APAP (200 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage. Exercised groups ran on a treadmill 5 days/wk for 8 wk with progression to 60 min/day, 20 m/min, and 8° incline. Tissues were assayed for collagen (hydroxyproline) and hydroxylyslpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) cross-links by HPLC. Collagen content (μg/mg dry weight) was greater in both the gastrocnemius (SED-PLA: 114 ± 16 vs. RUN-PLA: 244 ± 32; P < 0.001) and soleus (SED-PLA: 51 ± 7 vs. RUN-PLA: 99 ± 27; P = 0.005) of exercised animals. In contrast, collagen content was not significantly greater in exercised animals treated with APAP (SED-APAP: 113 ± 16 vs. RUN-APAP: 145 ± 21) and soleus (SED-APAP: 55 ± 8 vs. RUN-APAP: 57 ± 10). HP cross-linking (mmol/mol collagen) in the gastrocnemius (SED-PLA: 126 ± 28, RUN-PLA: 50 ± 7, SED-APAP: 41 ± 7, and RUN-APAP: 30 ± 4) and soleus muscles (SED-PLA: 547 ± 107, RUN-PLA: 318 ± 92, SED-APAP: 247 ± 64, and RUN-APAP: 120 ± 17) was lower in exercised rats compared with sedentary rats ( P < 0.05). Cross-linking was further reduced in animals treated with APAP ( P < 0.05). Neither heart collagen nor cross-linking was influenced by exercise or APAP ( P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that exercise and APAP have tissue-specific effects on muscle collagen. Given the widespread use of APAP as an analgesic and antipyretic, further work in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad C. Carroll
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Karl Martineau
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Kathryn A. Arthur
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Richard T. Huynh
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Brent D. Volper
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
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9
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Mietzsch U, McKenna J, Reith RM, Way SW, Gambello MJ. Comparative analysis of Tsc1 and Tsc2 single and double radial glial cell mutants. J Comp Neurol 2014; 521:3817-31. [PMID: 23749404 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with variable expressivity. Heterozygous mutations in either of two genes, TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin), are responsible for most cases. Hamartin and tuberin form a heterodimer that functions as a major cellular inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase. Genotype-phenotype studies suggest that TSC2 mutations are associated with a more severe neurologic phenotype, although the biologic basis for the difference between TSC1- and TSC2-based disease is unclear. Here we performed a study to compare and contrast the brain phenotypes of Tsc1 and Tsc2 single and double mutants. Using Tsc1 and Tsc2 floxed alleles and a radial glial transgenic Cre driver (FVB-Tg(GFAP-cre)25Mes/J), we deleted Tsc1 and/or Tsc2 in radial glial progenitor cells. Single and double mutants had remarkably similar phenotypes: early postnatal mortality, brain overgrowth, laminar disruption, astrogliosis, a paucity of oligodendroglia, and myelination defects. Double Tsc1/Tsc2 mutants died earlier than single mutants, and single mutants showed differences in the location of heterotopias and the organization of the hippocampal stratum pyramidale. The differences were not due to differential mTORC1 activation or feedback inhibition on Akt. These data provide further genetic evidence for individual hamartin and tuberin functions that may explain some of the genotype-phenotype differences seen in the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Mietzsch
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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10
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Wang C, Blough ER, Arvapalli R, Dai X, Paturi S, Manne N, Addagarla H, Triest WE, Olajide O, Wu M. Metabolic syndrome-induced tubulointerstitial injury: role of oxidative stress and preventive effects of acetaminophen. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1417-1426. [PMID: 24140865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome persistently increases and affects over 30% of U.S. adults. To study how metabolic syndrome may induce tubulointerstitial injury and whether acetaminophen has renal-protective properties, 4-week-old obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into three groups, control (OC), vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (OV), and acetaminophen treatment (30 mg/kg/day for 26 weeks), and lean Zucker rats served as healthy controls. Significant tubulointerstitial injuries were observed in both OC and OV animals, evidenced by increased tubular cell death, tubular atrophy/dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. These tubulointerstitial alterations were significantly reduced by treatment with a chronic but low dose of acetaminophen, which acted to diminish NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox2 and Nox4 and decrease tubulointerstitial oxidative stress (reduced tissue superoxide and macromolecular oxidation). Decreased oxidative stress by acetaminophen was paralleled by the reduction of tubular proapoptotic signaling (diminished Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activation) and the alleviation of tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (decreased transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, α-smooth muscle actin, and laminin). These data suggest that increased oxidative stress plays a critical role in mediating metabolic syndrome-induced tubulointerstitial injury and provide the first evidence suggesting that acetaminophen may be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of tubulointerstitial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Wang
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Ravikumar Arvapalli
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Satyanarayana Paturi
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Nandini Manne
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Hari Addagarla
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - William E Triest
- Huntington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
| | - Omolola Olajide
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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11
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Effect of curcumin on aged Drosophila melanogaster: a pathway prediction analysis. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 21:115-22. [PMID: 24155070 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To re-analyze the data published in order to explore plausible biological pathways that can be used to explain the anti-aging effect of curcumin. METHODS Microarray data generated from other study aiming to investigate effect of curcumin on extending lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster were further used for pathway prediction analysis. The differentially expressed genes were identified by using GeneSpring GX with a criterion of 3.0-fold change. Two Cytoscape plugins including BisoGenet and molecular complex detection (MCODE) were used to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based upon differential genes in order to detect highly connected regions. The function annotation clustering tool of Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 87 genes expressed differentially in D. melanogaster melanogaster treated with curcumin were identified, among which 50 were up-regulated significantly and 37 were remarkably down-regulated in D. melanogaster melanogaster treated with curcumin. Based upon these differential genes, PPI network was constructed with 1,082 nodes and 2,412 edges. Five highly connected regions in PPI networks were detected by MCODE algorithm, suggesting anti-aging effect of curcumin may be underlined through five different pathways including Notch signaling pathway, basal transcription factors, cell cycle regulation, ribosome, Wnt signaling pathway, and p53 pathway. CONCLUSION Genes and their associated pathways in D. melanogaster melanogaster treated with anti-aging agent curcumin were identified using PPI network and MCODE algorithm, suggesting that curcumin may be developed as an alternative therapeutic medicine for treating aging-associated diseases.
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12
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Calvani R, Joseph AM, Adhihetty PJ, Miccheli A, Bossola M, Leeuwenburgh C, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial pathways in sarcopenia of aging and disuse muscle atrophy. Biol Chem 2013; 394:393-414. [PMID: 23154422 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss during aging and disuse is a highly prevalent and disabling condition, but knowledge about cellular pathways mediating muscle atrophy is still limited. Given the postmitotic nature of skeletal myocytes, the maintenance of cellular homeostasis relies on the efficiency of cellular quality control mechanisms. In this scenario, alterations in mitochondrial function are considered a major factor underlying sarcopenia and muscle atrophy. Damaged mitochondria are not only less bioenergetically efficient, but also generate increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, interfere with cellular quality control mechanisms, and display a greater propensity to trigger apoptosis. Thus, mitochondria stand at the crossroad of signaling pathways that regulate skeletal myocyte function and viability. Studies on these pathways have sometimes provided unexpected and counterintuitive results, which suggests that they are organized into a complex, heterarchical network that is currently insufficiently understood. Untangling the complexity of such a network will likely provide clinicians with novel and highly effective therapeutics to counter the muscle loss associated with aging and disuse. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms whereby mitochondrial dysfunction intervenes in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and disuse atrophy, and highlight the prospect of targeting specific processes to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Institute of Crystallography, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Bari 70126, Italy
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13
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Evers NM, van de Klundert TMC, van Aesch YM, Wang S, de Roos WK, Romano A, de Haan LHJ, Murk AJ, Ederveen AGH, Rietjens IMCM, Groten JP. Human T47D-ERβ breast cancer cells with tetracycline-dependent ERβ expression reflect ERα/ERβ ratios in rat and human breast tissue. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1753-61. [PMID: 23680332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
T47D-ERβ breast cancer cells with tetracycline-dependent ERβ expression and constant ERα expression can be used to investigate effects of varying ERα/ERβ ratios on estrogen-induced cellular responses. This study defines conditions at which ERα/ERβ ratios in T47D-ERβ cells best mimic ERα/ERβ ratios in breast and other estrogen-sensitive tissues in vivo in rat as well as in human. Protein and mRNA levels of ERα and ERβ were analyzed in T47D-ERβ cells exposed to a range of tetracycline concentrations and compared to ERα and ERβ levels found in breast, prostate, and uterus from rat and human origin. The ERα/ERβ ratio in T47D-ERβ cells exposed to >150ng/ml tetracycline is comparable to the ratio found in rat mammary gland and in human breast tissue. The ERα/ERβ ratio of other estrogen-sensitive rat and human tissues can also be mimicked in T47D-ERβ cells. The ERα/ERβ ratio found in MCF-7 and native T47D breast cancer cell lines did not reflect ratios in analyzed rat and human tissues, which further supports the use of T47D-ERβ cells as model for estrogen-responsive tissues. Using 17β-estradiol and the T47D-ERβ cells under the conditions defined to mimic various tissues it could be demonstrated how these different tissues vary in their proliferative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Evers
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Park CH, Ju TJ, Kim YW, Dan JM, Kim JY, Kim YD, Seo JS, Park SY. Hemin, heme oxygenase-1 inducer, attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Life Sci 2013; 92:740-6. [PMID: 23439326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined the effect of the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer hemin on skeletal muscle atrophy induced by single limb immobilization in mice. MAIN METHODS Immobilization was conducted in the left hindlimb of C57BL/6 mice for 1 week and the right hindlimb was used as a control. Hemin (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day during the immobilization period. Gastrocnemius muscles were used for analysis. Muscle weight was measured to quantify degree of atrophy, and exhaustion treadmill test was performed to assess muscle function. KEY FINDINGS Immobilization increased HO-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle, which was further increased by hemin treatment. Immobilization induced weight loss and a functional reduction in skeletal muscle, which were attenuated by hemin treatment. Gene expression and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 were increased by immobilization and hemin treatment attenuated the increment. The phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6k was decreased by immobilization in skeletal muscle and hemin had no effect on mTOR and p70S6k phosphorylation. Gene expression of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 in skeletal muscle was reduced by immobilization and hemin treatment recovered the reduction. Immobilization increased levels of carbonylated protein and nitrotyrosine in skeletal muscle, which was reversed by hemin treatment. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was increased by immobilization and was normalized as a result of hemin treatment. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that hemin attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through the suppression of protein degradation via its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
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15
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Saratsis AM, Yadavilli S, Magge S, Rood BR, Perez J, Hill DA, Hwang E, Kilburn L, Packer RJ, Nazarian J. Insights into pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma through proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:547-60. [PMID: 22492959 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a leading cause of brain tumor-related death in children. DIPG is not surgically resectable, resulting in a paucity of tissue available for molecular studies. As such, tumor biology is poorly understood, and, currently, there are no effective treatments. In the absence of frozen tumor specimens, body fluids--such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine--can serve as more readily accessible vehicles for detecting tumor-secreted proteins. We analyzed a total of 76 specimens, including CSF, serum, urine, and normal and tumor brainstem tissue. Protein profiling of CSF from patients with DIPG was generated by mass spectrometry using an LTQ-Orbitrap-XL and database search using the Sequest algorithm. Quantitative and statistical analyses were performed with ProteoIQ and Partek Genomics Suite. A total of 528 unique proteins were identified, 71% of which are known secreted proteins. CSF proteomic analysis revealed selective upregulation of Cyclophillin A (CypA) and dimethylarginase 1 (DDAH1) in DIPG (n = 10), compared with controls (n = 4). Protein expression was further validated with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical assays using CSF, brain tissue, serum, and urine from DIPG and control specimens. Immunohistochemical staining showed selective upregulation of secreted but not cytosolic CypA and DDAH1 in patients with DIPG. In this study, we present the first comprehensive protein profile of CSF specimens from patients with DIPG to demonstrate selective expression of tumor proteins potentially involved in brainstem gliomagenesis. Detection of secreted CypA and DDAH1 in serum and urine has potential clinical application, with implications for assessing treatment response and detecting tumor recurrence in patients with DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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16
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Derbré F, Gratas-Delamarche A, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. Inactivity-induced oxidative stress: a central role in age-related sarcopenia? Eur J Sport Sci 2012; 14 Suppl 1:S98-108. [PMID: 24444251 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.654268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ageing causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass that may lead to decreased strength and functionality. The term sarcopenia is especially used to characterise this geriatric syndrome. Numerous conditions and behaviours are considered to accelerate the progression of sarcopenia such as chronic diseases, malnutrition and physical inactivity. As people in modern countries are more and more sedentary, the impact of physical inactivity on the prevalence of sarcopenia might be more and more important in the future. In this review, we discuss how reactive oxygen species (ROS) could mediate the effects of lifelong inactivity in the onset and progression of age-related sarcopenia. Although the cellular mechanisms responsible for muscle ROS production are not necessarily the same, both inactivity and ageing are indeed known to increase basal ROS concentrations in skeletal muscle. New data and literature review are provided showing that chronic ROS overproduction induced by physical inactivity may exacerbate the activation of some redox-sensitive signalling pathways involved in age-related sarcopenia. We also address the scientific evidences implicating the role of ROS overproduction in the precocious failure of aged muscles to activate intracellular signalling responses to contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Derbré
- a Laboratoire Movement, Sport and Health Sciences (M2S) , University Rennes II-ENS Cachan, UFR APS , Rennes , France
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17
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Liu H, Blough ER, Arvapalli R, Wang Y, Reiser PJ, Paturi S, Katta A, Harris R, Nepal N, Wu M. Regulation of Contractile Proteins and Protein Translational Signaling in Disused Muscle. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1202-14. [DOI: 10.1159/000343310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Blough ER, Wu M. Acetaminophen: beyond pain and Fever-relieving. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:72. [PMID: 22087105 PMCID: PMC3213427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as APAP or paracetamol, is one of the most widely used analgesics (pain reliever) and antipyretics (fever reducer). According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, currently there are 235 approved prescription and over-the-counter drug products containing acetaminophen as an active ingredient. When used as directed, acetaminophen is very safe and effective; however when taken in excess or ingested with alcohol hepatotoxicity and irreversible liver damage can arise. In addition to well known use pain relief and fever reduction, recent laboratory and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that acetaminophen may also have beneficial effects on blood glucose levels, skeletal muscle function, and potential use as cardioprotective and neuroprotective agents. Extensive laboratory and pre-clinical studies have revealed that these off-label applications may be derived from the ability of acetaminophen to function as an antioxidant. Herein, we will highlight these novel applications of acetaminophen, and attempt, where possible, to highlight how these findings may lead to new directions of inquiry and clinical relevance of other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
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Wu M, Falasca M, Blough ER. Akt/protein kinase B in skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:29-36. [PMID: 20672327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Akt/protein kinase B is critical regulator of cellular homeostasis with diminished Akt activity being associated with dysregulation of cellular metabolism and cell death while Akt over-activation has been linked to inappropriate cell growth and proliferation. Although the regulation of Akt function has been well characterized in vitro, much less is known regarding the function of Akt in vivo. Here we examine how skeletal muscle Akt expression and enzymatic activity are controlled, the role of Akt in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, stress response glucose utilization, and protein metabolism, and the potential participation of this important molecule in skeletal muscle atrophy, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-1090, USA
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20
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Wang Y, Wu M, Al-Rousan R, Liu H, Fannin J, Paturi S, Arvapalli RK, Katta A, Kakarla SK, Rice KM, Triest WE, Blough ER. Iron-Induced Cardiac Damage: Role of Apoptosis and Deferasirox Intervention. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:56-63. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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