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Godoy-Gallardo M, Cun X, Liu X, Hosta-Rigau L. Silica Replicas Derived from Mammalian Cells as an Innovative Approach to Physically Direct Cell Lineage Decisions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48855-48870. [PMID: 37823476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
By means of a "live-cell" template strategy, silica replicas displaying the same morphology and topography of the mammalian cells used as templates are fabricated. The replicas are used as substrates to direct the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to predefined cell lineages. Upregulation of specific genes shows how the silica replica-based substrates have the ability to induce the molecular characteristics of the mature cell types from which they have been derived from. Thus, MSCs cultured in the presence of silica replicas of human osteoblasts (HObs) differentiate into HObs-like cells, as shown by the upregulation of specific osteogenic genes. Likewise, when MSCs are incubated with silica replicas derived from human chondrocytes, an enhanced expression of chondrogenic markers is observed. Importantly, the effects of the silica replicas are cell type-specific since the incubation of MSCs with HObs silica replicas does not result in upregulation of chondrogenic markers and vice versa. What is more, for both cases, the differentiation rate is enhanced when the silica replicas are used in combination with growth factors, suggesting a potential synergistic effect. These results demonstrate the potential of this innovative method as an efficient and cheap approach with the potential to eliminate, or at least reduce, the use of biochemically soluble compounds in stem cells research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xingli Cun
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Ghorbani S, Christine Füchtbauer A, Møllebjerg A, Møller Martensen P, Hvidbjerg Laursen S, Christian Evar Kraft D, Kjems J, Meyer RL, Rahimi K, Foss M, Füchtbauer EM, Sutherland DS. Protein ligand and nanotopography separately drive the phenotype of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122244. [PMID: 37459700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and biomechanical signals regulate stem cell function in the niche environments in vivo. Current in vitro culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) uses laminin (LN-511) to provide mimetic biochemical signaling (LN-521 for human systems) to maintain stemness. Alternative approaches propose topographical cues to provide biomechanical cues, however combined biochemical and topographic cues may better mimic the in vivo environment, but are largely unexplored for in vitro stem cell expansion. In this study, we directly compare in vitro signals from LN-511 and/or topographic cues to maintain stemness, using systematically-varied submicron pillar patterns or flat surfaces with or without preadsorbed LN-511. The adhesion of cells, colony formation, expression of the pluripotency marker,octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), and transcriptome profiling were characterized. We observed that either biochemical or topographic signals could maintain stemness of mESCs in feeder-free conditions, indicated by high-level Oct4 and gene profiling by RNAseq. The combination of LN-511 with nanotopography reduced colony growth, while maintaining stemness markers, shifted the cellular phenotype indicating that the integration of biochemical and topographic signals is antagonistic. Overall, significantly faster (up to 2.5 times) colony growth was observed at nanotopographies without LN-511, suggesting for improved ESC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Andreas Møllebjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Sara Hvidbjerg Laursen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - David Christian Evar Kraft
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Karim Rahimi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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3
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Vermeulen S, Van Puyvelde B, Bengtsson del Barrio L, Almey R, van der Veer BK, Deforce D, Dhaenens M, de Boer J. Micro-Topographies Induce Epigenetic Reprogramming and Quiescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2203880. [PMID: 36414384 PMCID: PMC9811462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials can control cell and nuclear morphology. Since the shape of the nucleus influences chromatin architecture, gene expression and cell identity, surface topography can control cell phenotype. This study provides fundamental insights into how surface topography influences nuclear morphology, histone modifications, and expression of histone-associated proteins through advanced histone mass spectrometry and microarray analysis. The authors find that nuclear confinement is associated with a loss of histone acetylation and nucleoli abundance, while pathway analysis reveals a substantial reduction in gene expression associated with chromosome organization. In light of previous observations where the authors found a decrease in proliferation and metabolism induced by micro-topographies, they connect these findings with a quiescent phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells, as further shown by a reduction of ribosomal proteins and the maintenance of multipotency on micro-topographies after long-term culture conditions. Also, this influence of micro-topographies on nuclear morphology and proliferation is reversible, as shown by a return of proliferation when re-cultured on a flat surface. The findings provide novel insights into how biophysical signaling influences the epigenetic landscape and subsequent cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials EngineeringMERLN InstituteUniversity of MaastrichtMaastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Van Puyvelde
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium
| | - Laura Bengtsson del Barrio
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials EngineeringMERLN InstituteUniversity of MaastrichtMaastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Almey
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium
| | - Bernard K. van der Veer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Developmental EpigeneticsDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenLeuven3000Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
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Kadlečková M, Skopalová K, Ptošková B, Wrzecionko E, Daďová E, Kocourková K, Mráček A, Musilová L, Smolka P, Humpolíček P, Minařík A. Hierarchically Structured Surfaces Prepared by Phase Separation: Tissue Mimicking Culture Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052541. [PMID: 35269688 PMCID: PMC8910751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pseudo 3D hierarchical structure mimicking in vivo microenvironment was prepared by phase separation on tissue culture plastic. For surface treatment, time-sequenced dosing of the solvent mixture with various concentrations of polymer component was used. The experiments showed that hierarchically structured surfaces with macro, meso and micro pores can be prepared with multi-step phase separation processes. Changes in polystyrene surface topography were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact profilometry. The cell proliferation and changes in cell morphology were tested on the prepared structured surfaces. Four types of cell lines were used for the determination of impact of the 3D architecture on the cell behavior, namely the mouse embryonic fibroblast, human lung carcinoma, primary human keratinocyte and mouse embryonic stem cells. The increase of proliferation of embryonic stem cells and mouse fibroblasts was the most remarkable. Moreover, the embryonic stem cells express different morphology when cultured on the structured surface. The acquired findings expand the current state of knowledge in the field of cell behavior on structured surfaces and bring new technological procedures leading to their preparation without the use of problematic temporary templates or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kadlečková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Kateřina Skopalová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Barbora Ptošková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Erik Wrzecionko
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Eliška Daďová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Karolína Kocourková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Aleš Mráček
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lenka Musilová
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Petr Smolka
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (A.M.)
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5
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Harawaza K, Cousins B, Roach P, Fernandez A. Modification of the surface nanotopography of implant devices: A translational perspective. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100152. [PMID: 34746736 PMCID: PMC8554633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of superior, safe, and more sophisticated implants, especially as our society historically has been moving towards an increasingly aging population. Currently, most research is being focused on the next generation of advanced medical implants, that are not only biocompatible but have modified surfaces that direct specific immunomodulation at cellular level. While there is a plethora of information on cell-surface interaction and how surfaces can be nanofabricated at research level, less is known about how the academic knowledge has been translated into clinical trials and commercial technologies. In this review, we provide a clinical translational perspective on the use of controlled physical surface modification of medical implants, presenting an analysis of data acquired from clinical trials and commercial products. We also evaluate the state-of-the-art of nanofabrication techniques that are being applied for implant surface modification at a clinical level. Finally, we identify some current challenges in the field, including the need of more advanced nanopatterning techniques, the comparatively small number of clinical trials and comment on future avenues to be explored for a successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Harawaza
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - B. Cousins
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - P. Roach
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - A. Fernandez
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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6
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Vermeulen S, Honig F, Vasilevich A, Roumans N, Romero M, Dede Eren A, Tuvshindorj U, Alexander M, Carlier A, Williams P, Uquillas J, de Boer J. Expanding Biomaterial Surface Topographical Design Space through Natural Surface Reproduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102084. [PMID: 34165820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography is a tool to endow biomaterials with bioactive properties. However, the large number of possible designs makes it challenging to find the optimal surface structure to induce a specific cell response. The TopoChip platform is currently the largest collection of topographies with 2176 in silico designed microtopographies. Still, it is exploring only a small part of the design space due to design algorithm limitations and the surface engineering strategy. Inspired by the diversity of natural surfaces, it is assessed as to what extent the topographical design space and consequently the resulting cellular responses can be expanded using natural surfaces. To this end, 26 plant and insect surfaces are replicated in polystyrene and their surface properties are quantified using white light interferometry. Through machine-learning algorithms, it is demonstrated that natural surfaces extend the design space of the TopoChip, which coincides with distinct morphological and focal adhesion profiles in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. Furthermore, differentiation experiments reveal the strong potential of the holy lotus to improve osteogenesis in MSCs. In the future, the design algorithms will be trained with the results obtained by natural surface imprint experiments to explore the bioactive properties of novel surface topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Honig
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Romero
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Urnaa Tuvshindorj
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jorge Uquillas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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7
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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8
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Yazdian Kashani S, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Taghipoor M, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Hosseini AA, Montazeri L, Dehghan MM, Gholami H, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Mehrjoo M, Majidi M, Renaud P, Bonakdar S. An integrated microfluidic device for stem cell differentiation based on cell-imprinted substrate designed for cartilage regeneration in a rabbit model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 121:111794. [PMID: 33579444 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Separating cells from the body and cultivating them in vitro will alter the function of cells. Therefore, for optimal cell culture in the laboratory, conditions similar to those of their natural growth should be provided. In previous studies, it has been shown that the use of cellular shape at the culture surface can regulate cellular function. In this work, the efficiency of the imprinting method increased by using microfluidic chip design and fabrication. In this method, first, a cell-imprinted substrate of chondrocytes was made using a microfluidic chip. Afterwards, stem cells were cultured on a cell-imprinted substrate using a second microfluidic chip aligned with the substrate. Therefore, stem cells were precisely placed on the chondrocyte patterns on the substrate and their fibroblast-like morphology was changed to chondrocyte's spherical morphology after 14-days culture in the chip without using any chemical growth factor. After chondrogenic differentiation and in vitro assessments (real-time PCR and immunocytotoxicity), differentiated stem cells were transferred on a collagen-hyaluronic acid scaffold and transplanted in articular cartilage defect of the rabbit. After 6 months, the post-transplantation analysis showed that the articular cartilage defect had been successfully regenerated in differentiated stem cell groups in comparison with the controls. In conclusion, this study showed the potency of the imprinting method for inducing chondrogenicity in stem cells, which can be used in clinical trials due to the safety of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Yazdian Kashani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 1591634311 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Taghipoor
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kowsari-Esfahan
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Gholami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mehrjoo
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Laboratory of Microsystems (LMIS4), École Polytechnique FÉdÉrale de Lausanne, Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Vermeulen S, de Boer J. Screening as a strategy to drive regenerative medicine research. Methods 2020; 190:80-95. [PMID: 32278807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, optimization of the parameters leading to a desirable outcome remains a huge challenge. Examples include protocols for the guided differentiation of pluripotent cells towards specialized and functional cell types, phenotypic maintenance of primary cells in cell culture, or engineering of materials for improved tissue interaction with medical implants. This challenge originates from the enormous design space for biomaterials, chemical and biochemical compounds, and incomplete knowledge of the guiding biological principles. To tackle this challenge, high-throughput platforms allow screening of multiple perturbations in one experimental setup. In this review, we provide an overview of screening platforms that are used in regenerative medicine. We discuss their fabrication techniques, and in silico tools to analyze the extensive data sets typically generated by these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; BioInterface Science Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- BioInterface Science Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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10
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Chan SW, Rizwan M, Yim EKF. Emerging Methods for Enhancing Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:70. [PMID: 32117992 PMCID: PMC7033584 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have great potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well as stem cell therapeutics. However, the end goal of using PSCs for therapeutic use remains distant due to limitations in current PSC production. Conventional methods for PSC expansion have limited potential to be scaled up to produce the number of cells required for the end-goal of therapeutic use due to xenogenic components, high cost or low efficiency. In this mini review, we explore novel methods and emerging technologies of improving PSC expansion: the use of the two-dimensional mechanobiological strategies of topography and stiffness and the use of three-dimensional (3D) expansion methods including encapsulation, microcarrier-based culture, and suspension culture. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of conventional PSC expansion methods as well as the challenges in implementing non-conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K. F. Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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11
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Huethorst E, Cutiongco MF, Campbell FA, Saeed A, Love R, Reynolds PM, Dalby MJ, Gadegaard N. Customizable, engineered substrates for rapid screening of cellular cues. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025009. [PMID: 31783378 PMCID: PMC7655147 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5d3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical cues robustly direct cell responses and are thus important tools for
in vitro and translational biomedical applications. High
throughput platforms exploring substrates with varying physical properties are
therefore valuable. However, currently existing platforms are limited in
throughput, the biomaterials used, the capability to segregate between different
cues and the assessment of dynamic responses. Here we present a multiwell array
(3 × 8) made of a substrate engineered to present topography or rigidity cues
welded to a bottomless plate with a 96-well format. Both the patterns on the
engineered substrate and the well plate format can be easily customized,
permitting systematic and efficient screening of biophysical cues. To
demonstrate the broad range of possible biophysical cues examinable, we designed
and tested three multiwell arrays to influence cardiomyocyte, chondrocyte and
osteoblast function. Using the multiwell array, we were able to measure
different cell functionalities using analytical modalities such as live
microscopy, qPCR and immunofluorescence. We observed that grooves (5
μm in size) induced less variation in contractile function
of cardiomyocytes. Compared to unpatterned plastic, nanopillars with 127 nm
height, 100 nm diameter and 300 nm pitch enhanced matrix deposition,
chondrogenic gene expression and chondrogenic maintenance. High aspect ratio
pillars with an elastic shear modulus of 16 kPa mimicking the matrix found in
early stages of bone development improved osteogenic gene expression compared to
stiff plastic. We envisage that our bespoke multiwell array will accelerate the
discovery of relevant biophysical cues through improved throughput and
variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Huethorst
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom. Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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12
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Kumar Meena L, Rather H, Kedaria D, Vasita R. Polymeric microgels for bone tissue engineering applications – a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1570512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar Meena
- Biomaterials & Biomimetics laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Hilal Rather
- Biomaterials & Biomimetics laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhaval Kedaria
- Biomaterials & Biomimetics laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rajesh Vasita
- Biomaterials & Biomimetics laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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13
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Vermeulen S, Vasilevich A, Tsiapalis D, Roumans N, Vroemen P, Beijer NRM, Dede Eren A, Zeugolis D, de Boer J. Identification of topographical architectures supporting the phenotype of rat tenocytes. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:277-290. [PMID: 30394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tenocytes, the main cell type of the tendon, require mechanical stimuli for their proper function. When the tenocyte environment changes due to tissue damage or by transferring tenocytes from their native environment into cell culture, the signals from the tenocyte niche are lost, leading towards a decline of phenotypic markers. It is known that micro-topographies can influence cell fate by the physical cues they provide. To identify the optimal topography-induced biomechanical niche in vitro, we seeded tenocytes on the TopoChip, a micro-topographical screening platform, and measured expression of the tendon transcription factor Scleraxis. Through machine learning algorithms, we associated elevated Scleraxis levels with topological design parameters. Fabricating micro-topographies with optimal surface characteristics on larger surfaces allowed finding an improved expression of multiple tenogenic markers. However, long-term confluent culture conditions coincided with osteogenic marker expression and the loss of morphological characteristics. In contrast, passaging tenocytes which migrated from the tendon directly on the topography resulted in prolonged elongated morphology and elevated Scleraxis levels. This research provides new insights into how micro-topographies influence tenocyte cell fate, and supports the notion that micro-topographical design can be implemented in a new generation of tissue culture platforms for supporting the phenotype of tenocytes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The challenge in controlling in vitro cell behavior lies in controlling the complex culture environment. Here, we present for the first time the use of micro-topographies as a biomechanical niche to support the phenotype of tenocytes. For this, we applied the TopoChip platform, a screening tool with 2176 unique micro-topographies for identifying feature characteristics associated with elevated Scleraxis expression, a tendon related marker. Large area fabrication of micro-topographies with favorable characteristics allowed us to find a beneficial influence on other tenogenic markers as well. Furthermore, passaging cells is more beneficial for Scleraxis marker expression and tenocyte morphology compared to confluent conditions. This study presents important insights for the understanding of tenocyte behavior in vitro, a necessary step towards tendon engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei Vasilevich
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsiapalis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Device, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vroemen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick R M Beijer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Device, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jan de Boer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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14
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Velmurugan BK, Bharathi Priya L, Poornima P, Lee LJ, Baskaran R. Biomaterial aided differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8443-8454. [PMID: 30565686 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineering/reprogramming differentiated adult somatic cells to gain the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage are called as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Offering unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential, these iPSC are aspired to meet the growing demands in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. Biomaterial fabrication with the rapid evolution of technology increased their versatility and utility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, revolutionizing the stem cell biology research with the property to guide the process of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Combining traditional culture platforms of iPSC with biomaterials aids to overcome the limitations associated with derivation, proliferation, and maturation, thereby could improve the clinical translation of iPSC. The present review discusses in brief about the reprogramming techniques for the derivation iPSC and details on several biomaterial guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types with specific relevance to tissue engineering/regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paramasivan Poornima
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, UK
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Goetzke R, Sechi A, De Laporte L, Neuss S, Wagner W. Why the impact of mechanical stimuli on stem cells remains a challenge. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3297-3312. [PMID: 29728714 PMCID: PMC11105618 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation affects growth and differentiation of stem cells. This may be used to guide lineage-specific cell fate decisions and therefore opens fascinating opportunities for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Several studies demonstrated functional and molecular effects of mechanical stimulation but on first sight these results often appear to be inconsistent. Comparison of such studies is hampered by a multitude of relevant parameters that act in concert. There are notorious differences between species, cell types, and culture conditions. Furthermore, the utilized culture substrates have complex features, such as surface chemistry, elasticity, and topography. Cell culture substrates can vary from simple, flat materials to complex 3D scaffolds. Last but not least, mechanical forces can be applied with different frequency, amplitude, and strength. It is therefore a prerequisite to take all these parameters into consideration when ascribing their specific functional relevance-and to only modulate one parameter at the time if the relevance of this parameter is addressed. Such research questions can only be investigated by interdisciplinary cooperation. In this review, we focus particularly on mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent stem cells to discuss relevant parameters that contribute to the kaleidoscope of mechanical stimulation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Kumari S, Vermeulen S, van der Veer B, Carlier A, de Boer J, Subramanyam D. Shaping Cell Fate: Influence of Topographical Substratum Properties on Embryonic Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2018; 24:255-266. [PMID: 29455619 PMCID: PMC7116060 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms is a highly orchestrated process, with cells responding to factors and features present in the extracellular milieu. Changes in the surrounding environment help decide the fate of cells at various stages of development. This review highlights recent research that details the effects of mechanical properties of the surrounding environment and extracellular matrix and the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the behavior of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we review the role of mechanical properties during embryogenesis and discuss the effect of engineered microtopographies on ESC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari
- National Center for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van der Veer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Kukumberg M, Yao Y, Goh SH, Neo DJ, Yao JY, Yim EK. Evaluation of the topographical influence on the cellular behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700217. [PMID: 30766915 PMCID: PMC6370334 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells are important parameters in the endothelialization of biomedical devices for vascular applications. Endothelialization is a complex process affected by endothelial cells and their interaction with the extracellular microenvironment. Although numerous approaches are taken to study the influence of the external environment, a systematic investigation of the impact of an engineered microenvironment on endothelial cell processes is needed. This study aims to investigate the influence of topography, initial cell seeding density, and collagen coating on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Utilizing the MultiARChitecture (MARC) chamber, the effects of various topographies on HUVECs are identified, and those with more prominent effects were further evaluated individually using the MARC plate. Endothelial cell marker expression and monocyte adhesion assay are examined on the HUVEC monolayer. HUVECs on 1.8 μm convex and concave microlens topographies demonstrate the lowest cell adhesion and proliferation, regardless of initial cell seeding density and collagen I coating, and the HUVEC monolayer on the microlens shows the lowest monocyte adhesion. This property of lens topographies would potentially be a useful parameter in designing vascular biomedical devices. The MARC chamber and MARC plate show a great potential for faster and easy pattern identification for various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Seok Hong Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Dawn Jh Neo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411
| | - Jia Yi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Evelyn Kf Yim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8,1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Anselme K, Wakhloo NT, Rougerie P, Pieuchot L. Role of the Nucleus as a Sensor of Cell Environment Topography. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701154. [PMID: 29283219 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The proper integration of biophysical cues from the cell vicinity is crucial for cells to maintain homeostasis, cooperate with other cells within the tissues, and properly fulfill their biological function. It is therefore crucial to fully understand how cells integrate these extracellular signals for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Topography has emerged as a prominent component of the cellular microenvironment that has pleiotropic effects on cell behavior. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of the topography sensing mechanism with a special emphasis on the role of the nucleus. Here, recent techniques developed for monitoring the nuclear mechanics are reviewed and the impact of various topographies and their consequences on nuclear organization, gene regulation, and stem cell fate is summarized. The role of the cell nucleus as a sensor of cell-scale topography is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Anselme
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Nayana Tusamda Wakhloo
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Pablo Rougerie
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐902 Brazil
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
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19
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Di Luca A, Wijn JR, Blitterswijk CA, Camarero‐Espinosa S, Moroni L. Tailorable Surface Morphology of 3D Scaffolds by Combining Additive Manufacturing with Thermally Induced Phase Separation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- Institute for BioMedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA)Tissue Regeneration DepartmentUniversity of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Joost R. Wijn
- Institute for BioMedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA)Tissue Regeneration DepartmentUniversity of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. Blitterswijk
- Institute for BioMedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA)Tissue Regeneration DepartmentUniversity of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐inspired Regenerative MedicineComplex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMaastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐inspired Regenerative MedicineComplex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMaastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
- Polyganics Rozenburglaan 15A 9727 DL Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Institute for BioMedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA)Tissue Regeneration DepartmentUniversity of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐inspired Regenerative MedicineComplex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMaastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
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20
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Zennaro C, Rastaldi MP, Bakeine GJ, Delfino R, Tonon F, Farra R, Grassi G, Artero M, Tormen M, Carraro M. A nanoporous surface is essential for glomerular podocyte differentiation in three-dimensional culture. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4957-4973. [PMID: 27757030 PMCID: PMC5053378 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well recognized that cell–matrix interactions are based on both molecular and geometrical characteristics, the relationship between specific cell types and the three-dimensional morphology of the surface to which they are attached is poorly understood. This is particularly true for glomerular podocytes – the gatekeepers of glomerular filtration – which completely enwrap the glomerular basement membrane with their primary and secondary ramifications. Nanotechnologies produce biocompatible materials which offer the possibility to build substrates which differ only by topology in order to mimic the spatial organization of diverse basement membranes. With this in mind, we produced and utilized rough and porous surfaces obtained from silicon to analyze the behavior of two diverse ramified cells: glomerular podocytes and a neuronal cell line used as a control. Proper differentiation and development of ramifications of both cell types was largely influenced by topographical characteristics. Confirming previous data, the neuronal cell line acquired features of maturation on rough nanosurfaces. In contrast, podocytes developed and matured preferentially on nanoporous surfaces provided with grooves, as shown by the organization of the actin cytoskeleton stress fibers and the proper development of vinculin-positive focal adhesions. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that in vitro studies regarding podocyte attachment to the glomerular basement membrane should take into account the geometrical properties of the surface on which the tests are conducted because physiological cellular activity depends on the three-dimensional microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | | | - Gerald James Bakeine
- Department of Radiology, San Martino University Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Riccarda Delfino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste; Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste
| | - Mary Artero
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste
| | | | - Michele Carraro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
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21
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Bøggild T, Runager K, Sutherland DS. Nanopattern Gradients for Cell Studies Fabricated Using Hole-Mask Colloidal Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14975-14979. [PMID: 27245371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Culturing cells on gradient nanopatterns provides a useful tool to explore cellular adhesion to mimics of the extracellular matrix or screen for cellular responses to nanopatterns. A method is presented to fabricate complex gradient protein patterns based on hole-mask colloidal lithography, which can generate nanopatterns in multiple materials and of multiple shapes. Gradients of gold structures were functionalized to form gradients of protein nanopatterns of different shapes (bars, dot pairs, and rings), where a key parameter was systematically varied in each gradient. Cells were grown on vitronectin nanopatterns, showing differential adhesion (spread area/focal adhesion size) along the gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Bøggild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Runager
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Bonakdar S, Mahmoudi M, Montazeri L, Taghipoor M, Bertsch A, Shokrgozar MA, Sharifi S, Majidi M, Mashinchian O, Hamrang Sekachaei M, Zolfaghari P, Renaud P. Cell-Imprinted Substrates Modulate Differentiation, Redifferentiation, and Transdifferentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13777-13784. [PMID: 27196338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into mature cells through the use of physical approaches is of great interest. Here, we prepared smart nanoenvironments by cell-imprinted substrates based on chondrocytes, tenocytes, and semifibroblasts as templates and demonstrated their potential for differentiation, redifferentiation, and transdifferentiation. Analysis of shape and upregulation/downregulation of specific genes of stem cells, which were seeded on these cell-imprinted substrates, confirmed that imprinted substrates have the capability to induce specific shapes and molecular characteristics of the cell types that were used as templates for cell-imprinting. Interestingly, immunofluorescent staining of a specific protein in chondrocytes (i.e., collagen type II) confirmed that adipose-derived stem cells, semifibroblasts, and tenocytes can acquire the chondrocyte phenotype after a 14 day culture on chondrocyte-imprinted substrates. In summary, we propose that common polystyrene tissue culture plates can be replaced by this imprinting technique as an effective and promising way to regulate any cell phenotype in vitro with significant potential applications in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran , P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghipoor
- Laboratory of Microsystems (LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bertsch
- Laboratory of Microsystems (LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Shahriar Sharifi
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran , P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pegah Zolfaghari
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran , P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Laboratory of Microsystems (LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Behrens AM, Kim J, Hotaling N, Seppala JE, Kofinas P, Tutak W. Rapid fabrication of poly(DL-lactide) nanofiber scaffolds with tunable degradation for tissue engineering applications by air-brushing. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:035001. [PMID: 27121660 PMCID: PMC4963247 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanofiber based materials have been widely investigated for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. While promising, these materials are typically fabricated through techniques that require significant time or cost. Here we report a rapid and cost effective air-brushing method for fabricating nanofiber scaffolds using a simple handheld apparatus, compressed air, and a polymer solution. Air-brushing also facilities control over the scaffold degradation rate without adversely impacting architecture. This was accomplished through a one step blending process of high (M w ≈ 100 000 g mol(-1)) and low (M w ≈ 25 000 g mol(-1)) molecular weight poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) polymers at various ratios (100:0, 70:30 and 50:50). Through this approach, we were able to control fiber scaffold degradation rate while maintaining similar fiber morphology, scaffold porosity, and bulk mechanical properties across all of the tested compositions. The impact of altered degradation rates was biologically evaluated in human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) cultures for up to 16 days and demonstrated degradation rate dependence of both total DNA concentration and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Behrens
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Volpe Research Center ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Hotaling
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan E Seppala
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wojtek Tutak
- Volpe Research Center ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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24
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Hu J, Gondarenko AA, Dang AP, Bashour KT, O’Connor RS, Lee S, Liapis A, Ghassemi S, Milone MC, Sheetz MP, Dustin ML, Kam LC, Hone JC. High-Throughput Mechanobiology Screening Platform Using Micro- and Nanotopography. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2198-204. [PMID: 26990380 PMCID: PMC5403373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We herein demonstrate the first 96-well plate platform to screen effects of micro- and nanotopographies on cell growth and proliferation. Existing high-throughput platforms test a limited number of factors and are not fully compatible with multiple types of testing and assays. This platform is compatible with high-throughput liquid handling, high-resolution imaging, and all multiwell plate-based instrumentation. We use the platform to screen for topographies and drug-topography combinations that have short- and long-term effects on T cell activation and proliferation. We coated nanofabricated "trench-grid" surfaces with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies to activate T cells and assayed for interleukin 2 (IL-2) cytokine production. IL-2 secretion was enhanced at 200 nm trench width and >2.3 μm grating pitch; however, the secretion was suppressed at 100 nm width and <0.5 μm pitch. The enhancement on 200 nm grid trench was further amplified with the addition of blebbistatin to reduce contractility. The 200 nm grid pattern was found to triple the number of T cells in long-term expansion, a result with direct clinical applicability in adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alexander A. Gondarenko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alex P. Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Keenan T. Bashour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Roddy S. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anastasia Liapis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael C. Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, U.K
| | - Lance C. Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James C. Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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25
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Reimer A, Vasilevich A, Hulshof F, Viswanathan P, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J, Watt FM. Scalable topographies to support proliferation and Oct4 expression by human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18948. [PMID: 26757610 PMCID: PMC4725348 DOI: 10.1038/srep18948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that topographical features modulate cell behaviour, including cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. To define the effects of topography on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we plated cells on a topographical library containing over 1000 different features in medium lacking animal products (xeno-free). Using high content imaging, we determined the effect of each topography on cell proliferation and expression of the pluripotency marker Oct4 24 h after seeding. Features that maintained Oct4 expression also supported proliferation and cell-cell adhesion at 24 h, and by 4 days colonies of Oct4-positive, Sox2-positive cells had formed. Computational analysis revealed that small feature size was the most important determinant of pluripotency, followed by high wave number and high feature density. Using this information we correctly predicted whether any given topography within our library would support the pluripotent state at 24 h. This approach not only facilitates the design of substrates for optimal human iPSC expansion, but also, potentially, identification of topographies with other desirable characteristics, such as promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reimer
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Aliaksei Vasilevich
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Merln Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Hulshof
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Materiomics b.v., Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Merln Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Materiomics b.v., Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Merln Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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26
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Barata D, Resmini A, Pereira D, Veldhuis SA, van Blitterswijk CA, ten Elshof JE, Habibovic P. Surface micropatterning with zirconia and calcium phosphate ceramics by micromoulding in capillaries. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1044-1055. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micropatterning of silicon surface with bioinert yttria-stabilised zirconia or bioactive calcium phosphate ceramic by micromoulding in capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - A. Resmini
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Inorganic Materials Science Group
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - D. Pereira
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - S. A. Veldhuis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Inorganic Materials Science Group
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - C. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - J. E. ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Inorganic Materials Science Group
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - P. Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
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27
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Kobolak J, Dinnyes A, Memic A, Khademhosseini A, Mobasheri A. Mesenchymal stem cells: Identification, phenotypic characterization, biological properties and potential for regenerative medicine through biomaterial micro-engineering of their niche. Methods 2015; 99:62-8. [PMID: 26384580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. Although they were originally identified in bone marrow and described as 'marrow stromal cells', they have since been identified in many other anatomical locations in the body. MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and other tissues but the richest tissue source of MSCs is fat. Since they are adherent to plastic, they may be expanded in vitro. MSCs have a distinct morphology and express a specific set of CD (cluster of differentiation) molecules. The phenotypic pattern for the identification of MSCs cells requires expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 and lack of CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR antigens. Under appropriate micro-environmental conditions MSCs can proliferate and give rise to other cell types. Therefore, they are ideally suited for the treatment of systemic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. They have also been implicated as key players in regenerating injured tissue following injury and trauma. MSC populations isolated from adipose tissue may also contain regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have the capacity for modulating the immune system. The immunoregulatory and regenerative properties of MSCs make them ideal for use as therapeutic agents in vivo. In this paper we review the literature on the identification, phenotypic characterization and biological properties of MSCs and discuss their potential for applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. We also discuss strategies for biomaterial micro-engineering of the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllö 2100, Hungary; Szent István University, Gödöllö 2100, Hungary; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands.
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center for Nanotechnology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Ireland RG, Simmons CA. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Mechanobiology: Manipulating the Biophysical Microenvironment for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3187-96. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G. Ireland
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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29
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Nedjari S, Hébraud A, Eap S, Siegwald S, Mélart C, Benkirane-Jessel N, Schlatter G. Electrostatic template-assisted deposition of microparticles on electrospun nanofibers: towards microstructured functional biochips for screening applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic Template-Assisted Deposition (ETAD) of microparticles is described as a new process to control the deposition of microparticles by electrospraying onto a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nedjari
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
- 67089 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - A. Hébraud
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
- 67089 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - S. Eap
- INSERM Unité 1109
- Université de Strasbourg
- F-67085 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - S. Siegwald
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
- 67089 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - C. Mélart
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
- 67089 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | | | - G. Schlatter
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
- 67089 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
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30
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Precise manipulation of cell behaviors on surfaces for construction of tissue/organs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Memic A, Khademhosseini A. Finding the winning combination. Combinatorial screening of three dimensional niches to guide stem cell osteogenesis. Organogenesis 2014; 10:299-302. [PMID: 25482315 DOI: 10.4161/org.29646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict and guide stem cell differentiation remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine. Numerous dynamic microenvironmental cues often provide synergistic or combinatorial signals that influence the fate of stem cells, and ultimately drive functional tissue formation. This interplay between microenvironmental cues within tissues is under intense investigation. Our goal was to better understand this interplay within the framework of a systematic 3D platform that would enable high-throughput screening (HTS) of factors that contribute to stem cell fate decisions. It is important that such platforms provide valid biomimetic microenvironments, which can be translated to macroscale constructs. Specifically, we reported on a technique for screening of combinatorial 3D niches to guide the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This platform offers a rapid, cost-effective and multiplexed approach for a variety of tissue engineering applications.
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Key Words
- 2D, two dimensional
- 3D, three dimensional
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMP, bone morphogenic proteins
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FN, fibronectin
- GE, methacrylated gelatin
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- LN, laminin
- OCN, osteocalcin
- biomaterials
- biomimetics
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells
- high-throughput screening
- stem cell differentiation
- tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Memic
- a Center of Nanotechnology ; King Abdulaziz University ; Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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32
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Kolind K, Kraft D, Bøggild T, Duch M, Lovmand J, Pedersen FS, Bindslev DA, Bünger CE, Foss M, Besenbacher F. Control of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental-pulp-derived stem cells by distinct surface structures. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:641-50. [PMID: 24252446 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the behavior of stem cells provides crucial benefits, for example, in tissue engineering and toxicity/drug screening, which utilize the stem cell's capacity to engineer new tissues for regenerative purposes and the testing of new drugs in vitro. Recently, surface topography has been shown to influence stem cell differentiation; however, general trends are often difficult to establish due to differences in length scales, surface chemistries and detailed surface topographies. Here we apply a highly versatile screening approach to analyze the interplay of surface topographical parameters on cell attachment, morphology, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal dental-pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) cultured with and without osteogenic differentiation factors in the medium (ODM). Increasing the inter-pillar gap size from 1 to 6 μm for surfaces with small pillar sizes of 1 and 2 μm resulted in decreased proliferation and in more elongated cells with long pseudopodial protrusions. The same alterations of pillar topography, up to an inter-pillar gap size of 4 μm, also resulted in enhanced mineralization of DPSCs cultured without ODM, while no significant trend was observed for DPSCs cultured with ODM. Generally, cells cultured without ODM had a larger deposition of osteogenic markers on structured surfaces relative to the unstructured surfaces than what was found when culturing with ODM. We conclude that the topographical design of biomaterials can be optimized for the regulation of DPSC differentiation and speculate that the inclusion of ODM alters the ability of the cells to sense surface topographical cues. These results are essential in order to transfer the use of this highly proliferative, easily accessible stem cell into the clinic for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kolind
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Kraft
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Bøggild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Duch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Lovmand
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F S Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D A Bindslev
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C E Bünger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - F Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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33
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Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M, Gaharwar AK, Hashmi B, Guermani E, Aliabadi H, Camci-Unal G, Ferrante T, Foss M, Ingber DE, Khademhosseini A. A combinatorial cell-laden gel microarray for inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3896. [PMID: 24473466 PMCID: PMC3905276 DOI: 10.1038/srep03896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of three dimensional (3D) microenvironments that direct stem cell differentiation into functional cell types remains a major challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a new platform to address this challenge by utilizing a robotic microarray spotter for testing stem cell fates inside various miniaturized cell-laden gels in a systematic manner. To demonstrate the feasibility of our platform, we evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within combinatorial 3D niches. We were able to identify specific combinations, that enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers. Notably, these 'hit' combinations directed hMSCs to form mineralized tissue when conditions were translated to 3D macroscale hydrogels, indicating that the miniaturization of the experimental system did not alter stem cell fate. Overall, our findings confirmed that the 3D cell-laden gel microarray can be used for screening of different conditions in a rapid, cost-effective, and multiplexed manner for a broad range of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Basma Hashmi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Enrico Guermani
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hamed Aliabadi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Ferrante
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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34
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Marino A, Ciofani G, Filippeschi C, Pellegrino M, Pellegrini M, Orsini P, Pasqualetti M, Mattoli V, Mazzolai B. Two-photon polymerization of sub-micrometric patterned surfaces: investigation of cell-substrate interactions and improved differentiation of neuron-like cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:13012-21. [PMID: 24309089 DOI: 10.1021/am403895k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct Laser Writing (DLW) is an innovative tool that allows the photofabrication of high resolution 3D structures, which can be successfully exploited for the study of the physical interactions between cells and substrates. In this work, we focused our attention on the topographical effects of submicrometric patterned surfaces fabricated via DLW on neuronal cell behavior. In particular, we designed, prepared, and characterized substrates based on aligned ridges for the promotion of axonal outgrowth and guidance. We demonstrated that both rat PC12 neuron-like cells and human SH-SY5Y derived neurons differentiate on parallel 2.5 μm spaced submicrometric ridges, being characterized by strongly aligned and significantly longer neurites with respect to those differentiated on flat control substrates, or on more spaced (5 and 10 μm) ridges. Furthermore, we detected an increased molecular differentiation toward neurons of the SH-SY5Y cells when grown on the submicrometric patterned substrates. Finally, we observed that the axons can exert forces able of bending the ridges, and we indirectly estimated the order of magnitude of these forces thanks to scanning probe techniques. Collectively, we showed as submicrometric structures fabricated by DLW can be used as a useful tool for the study of the axon mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Both SK, Yang PS, Jansen JA, Yang F. Biomaterial strategies for stem cell maintenance during in vitro expansion. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:340-54. [PMID: 24168361 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells, having the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are the building blocks for tissue/organ regeneration. Stem cells can be isolated from various sources but are, in general, available in too small numbers to be used directly for clinical purpose without intermediate expansion procedures in vitro. Although this in vitro expansion of undifferentiated stem cells is necessary, stem cells typically diminish their ability to self-renew and proliferate during passaging. Consequently, maintaining the stemness of stem cells has been recognized as a major challenge in stem cell-based research. This review focuses on the latest developments in maintaining the self-renewal ability of stem cells during in vitro expansion by biomaterial strategies. Further, this review highlights what should be the focus for future studies using stem cells for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhen Yan
- 1 Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nandakumar A, Truckenmüller R, Ahmed M, Damanik F, Santos DR, Auffermann N, de Boer J, Habibovic P, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L. A fast process for imprinting micro and nano patterns on electrospun fiber meshes at physiological temperatures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3405-9. [PMID: 23447336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun fiber meshes are patterned at length scales comparable to or lower than their fiber diameter. Simple nano- and microgrooves and closed geometric shapes are imprinted in different tones using a fast imprint process at physiological temperatures. Human mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on patterned scaffolds show differences in cellular morphology and cytoskeleton organization. Microgrooved electrospun fibers support upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene expression when cells are cultured in osteogenic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandkumar Nandakumar
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ankam S, Teo BKK, Kukumberg M, Yim EKF. High throughput screening to investigate the interaction of stem cells with their extracellular microenvironment. Organogenesis 2013; 9:128-42. [PMID: 23899508 PMCID: PMC3896583 DOI: 10.4161/org.25425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in vivo are housed within a functional microenvironment termed the "stem cell niche." As the niche components can modulate stem cell behaviors like proliferation, migration and differentiation, evaluating these components would be important to determine the most optimal platform for their maintenance or differentiation. In this review, we have discussed methods and technologies that have aided in the development of high throughput screening assays for stem cell research, including enabling technologies such as the well-established multiwell/microwell plates and robotic spotting, and emerging technologies like microfluidics, micro-contact printing and lithography. We also discuss the studies that utilized high throughput screening platform to investigate stem cell response to extracellular matrix, topography, biomaterials and stiffness gradients in the stem cell niche. The combination of the aforementioned techniques could lay the foundation for new perspectives in further development of high throughput technology and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneela Ankam
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
| | - Benjamin KK Teo
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Evelyn KF Yim
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Migliorini E, Ban J, Grenci G, Andolfi L, Pozzato A, Tormen M, Torre V, Lazzarino M. Nanomechanics controls neuronal precursors adhesion and differentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2301-10. [PMID: 23436578 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the differentiation of stem cells into specific neuronal types has a tremendous potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In vitro neuronal differentiation can be guided by the interplay of biochemical and biophysical cues. Different strategies to increase the differentiation yield have been proposed, focusing everything on substrate topography, or, alternatively on substrate stiffness. Both strategies demonstrated an improvement of the cellular response. However it was often impossible to separate the topographical and the mechanical contributions. Here we investigate the role of the mechanical properties of nanostructured substrates, aiming at understanding the ultimate parameters which govern the stem cell differentiation. To this purpose a set of different substrates with controlled stiffness and with or without nanopatterning are used for stem cell differentiation. Our results show that the neuronal differentiation yield depends mainly on the substrate mechanical properties while the geometry plays a minor role. In particular nanostructured and flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with comparable stiffness show the same neuronal yield. The improvement in the differentiation yield obtained through surface nanopatterning in the submicrometer scale could be explained as a consequence of a substrate softening effect. Finally we investigate by single cell force spectroscopy the neuronal precursor adhesion on the substrate immediately after seeding, as a possible critical step governing the neuronal differentiation efficiency. We observed that neuronal precursor adhesion depends on substrate stiffness but not on surface structure, and in particular it is higher on softer substrates. Our results suggest that cell-substrate adhesion forces and mechanical response are the key parameters to be considered for substrate design in neuronal regenerative medicine.
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Ankam S, Suryana M, Chan LY, Moe AAK, Teo BKK, Law JBK, Sheetz MP, Low HY, Yim EKF. Substrate topography and size determine the fate of human embryonic stem cells to neuronal or glial lineage. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4535-45. [PMID: 22906625 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient derivation of neural cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains an unmet need for the treatment of neurological disorders. The limiting factors for current methods include being labor-intensive, time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we hypothesize that the substrate topography, with optimal geometry and dimension, can modulate the neural fate of hESCs and enhance the efficiency of differentiation. A multi-architectural chip (MARC) containing fields of topographies varying in geometry and dimension was developed to facilitate high-throughput analysis of topography-induced neural differentiation in vitro. The hESCs were subjected to "direct differentiation", in which small clumps of undifferentiated hESCs were cultured directly without going through the stage of embryoid body formation, on the MARC with N2 and B27 supplements for 7 days. The gene and protein expression analysis indicated that the anisotropic patterns like gratings promoted neuronal differentiation of hESCs while the isotropic patterns like pillars and wells promoted the glial differentiation of hESCs. This study showed that optimal combination of topography and biochemical cues could shorten the differentiation period and allowed derivation of neurons bearing longer neurites that were aligned along the grating axis. The MARC platform would enable high-throughput screening of topographical substrates that could maximize the efficiency of neuronal differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneela Ankam
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Jin S, Yao H, Weber JL, Melkoumian ZK, Ye K. A synthetic, xeno-free peptide surface for expansion and directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50880. [PMID: 23226418 PMCID: PMC3511414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to become an unlimited cell source for cell replacement therapy. The realization of this potential, however, depends on the availability of culture methods that are robust, scalable, and use chemically defined materials. Despite significant advances in hiPSC technologies, the expansion of hiPSCs relies upon the use of animal-derived extracellular matrix extracts, such as Matrigel, which raises safety concerns over the use of these products. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of expanding and differentiating hiPSCs on a chemically defined, xeno-free synthetic peptide substrate, i.e. Corning Synthemax(®) Surface. We demonstrated that the Synthemax Surface supports the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of hiPSCs, as well as hiPSCs' lineage-specific differentiation. hiPSCs colonies grown on Synthemax Surfaces exhibit less spread and more compact morphology compared to cells grown on Matrigel™. The cytoskeleton characterization of hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface revealed formation of denser actin filaments in the cell-cell interface. The down-regulation of vinculin and up-regulation of zyxin expression were also observed in hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface. Further examination of cell-ECM interaction revealed that hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface primarily utilize α(v)β(5) integrins to mediate attachment to the substrate, whereas multiple integrins are involved in cell attachment to Matrigel. Finally, hiPSCs can be maintained undifferentiated on the Synthemax Surface for more than ten passages. These studies provide a novel approach for expansion of hiPSCs using synthetic peptide engineered surface as a substrate to avoid a potential risk of contamination and lot-to-lot variability with animal derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Purcell EK, Naim Y, Yang A, Leach MK, Velkey JM, Duncan RK, Corey JM. Combining topographical and genetic cues to promote neuronal fate specification in stem cells. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3427-38. [PMID: 23098293 PMCID: PMC3992984 DOI: 10.1021/bm301220k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is little remedy for the devastating effects resulting from neuronal loss caused by neural injury or neurodegenerative disease. Reconstruction of damaged neural circuitry with stem cell-derived neurons is a promising approach to repair these defects, but controlling differentiation and guiding synaptic integration with existing neurons remain significant unmet challenges. Biomaterial surfaces can present nanoscale topographical cues that influence neuronal differentiation and process outgrowth. By combining these scaffolds with additional molecular biology strategies, synergistic control over cell fate can be achieved. Here, we review recent progress in promoting neuronal fate using techniques at the interface of biomaterial science and genetic engineering. New data demonstrates that combining nanofiber topography with an induced genetic program enhances neuritogenesis in a synergistic fashion. We propose combining patterned biomaterial surface cues with prescribed genetic programs to achieve neuronal cell fates with the desired sublineage specification, neurochemical profile, targeted integration, and electrophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Purcell
- University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 5323A Med Sci I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
Stem cells interact with biochemical and biophysical signals in their extracellular environment. The biophysical signals are transduced to the stem cells either through the underlying extracellular matrix or externally applied forces. Increasing evidence has shown that these biophysical cues such as substrate stiffness and topography can direct stem cell differentiation and determine the cell fate. The mechanism of the biophysically induced differentiation is not understood; however, several key signaling components have been demonstrated to be involved in the force-mediated differentiation. This review will focus on focal adhesions, cytoskeletal contractility, Rho GTPase signaling and nuclear regulation in connection with biophysically induced differentiation. We will briefly introduce the important components of the mechanotransduction machinery, and the recent developments in the study of force-dependent stem cell differentiation.
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Moe AAK, Suryana M, Marcy G, Lim SK, Ankam S, Goh JZW, Jin J, Teo BKK, Law JBK, Low HY, Goh ELK, Sheetz MP, Yim EKF. Microarray with micro- and nano-topographies enables identification of the optimal topography for directing the differentiation of primary murine neural progenitor cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3050-61. [PMID: 22807278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During development and tissue repair, progenitor cells are guided by both biochemical and biophysical cues of their microenvironment, including topographical signals. The topographical cues have been shown to play an important role in controlling the fate of cells. Systematic investigation of topographical structures with different geometries and sizes under the identical experimental conditions on the same chip will enhance the understanding of the role of shape and size in cell-topography interactions. A simple customizable multi-architecture chip (MARC) array is therefore developed to incorporate, on a single chip, distinct topographies of various architectural complexities, including both isotropic and anisotropic features, in nano- to micrometer dimensions, with different aspect ratios and hierarchical structures. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replicas of MARC are used to investigate the influence of different geometries and sizes in neural differentiation of primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs). Anisotropic gratings (2 μm gratings, 250 nm gratings) and isotropic 1 μm pillars significantly promote differentiation of mNPCs into neurons, as indicated by expression of β-III-tubulin (59%, 58%, and 58%, respectively, compared to 30% on the control). In contrast, glial differentiation is enhanced on isotropic 2 μm holes and 1 μm pillars. These results illustrate that anisotropic topographies enhance neuronal differentiation while isotropic topographies enhance glial differentiation on the same chip under the same conditions. MARC enables simultaneous cost-effective investigation of multiple topographies, allowing efficient optimization of topographical and biochemical cues to modulate cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, EA-03-12, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore
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Controlling self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells via mechanical cues. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:797410. [PMID: 23091358 PMCID: PMC3471035 DOI: 10.1155/2012/797410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of stem cell response in vitro, including self-renewal and lineage commitment, has been proved to be directed by mechanical cues, even in the absence of biochemical stimuli. Through integrin-mediated focal adhesions, cells are able to anchor onto the underlying substrate, sense the surrounding microenvironment, and react to its properties. Substrate-cell and cell-cell interactions activate specific mechanotransduction pathways that regulate stem cell fate. Mechanical factors, including substrate stiffness, surface nanotopography, microgeometry, and extracellular forces can all have significant influence on regulating stem cell activities. In this paper, we review all the most recent literature on the effect of purely mechanical cues on stem cell response, and we introduce the concept of "force isotropy" relevant to cytoskeletal forces and relevant to extracellular loads acting on cells, to provide an interpretation of how the effects of insoluble biophysical signals can be used to direct stem cells fate in vitro.
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Kolind K, Leong KW, Besenbacher F, Foss M. Guidance of stem cell fate on 2D patterned surfaces. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6626-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nikkhah M, Edalat F, Manoucheri S, Khademhosseini A. Engineering microscale topographies to control the cell-substrate interface. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5230-46. [PMID: 22521491 PMCID: PMC3619386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cells in their in vivo microenvironment constantly encounter and respond to a multitude of signals. While the role of biochemical signals has long been appreciated, the importance of biophysical signals has only recently been investigated. Biophysical cues are presented in different forms including topography and mechanical stiffness imparted by the extracellular matrix and adjoining cells. Microfabrication technologies have allowed for the generation of biomaterials with microscale topographies to study the effect of biophysical cues on cellular function at the cell-substrate interface. Topographies of different geometries and with varying microscale dimensions have been used to better understand cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation at the cellular and sub-cellular scales. Furthermore, quantification of cell-generated forces has been illustrated with micropillar topographies to shed light on the process of mechanotransduction. In this review, we highlight recent advances made in these areas and how they have been utilized for neural, cardiac, and musculoskeletal tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikkhah
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Faramarz Edalat
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sam Manoucheri
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jin S, Yao H, Krisanarungson P, Haukas A, Ye K. Porous membrane substrates offer better niches to enhance the Wnt signaling and promote human embryonic stem cell growth and differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1419-30. [PMID: 22429220 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) require specific niches for adhesion, expansion, and lineage-specific differentiation. In this study, we showed that a membrane substrate offers better tissue niches for hESC attachment, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. The cell doubling time was shortened from 46.3±5.7 h for hESCs grown on solid substrates to 25.6±2.6 h for those on polyester (PE) membrane substrates with pore size of 0.4 μm. In addition, we observed an increase of approximately five- to ninefold of definitive endoderm marker gene expression in hESCs differentiated on PE or polyethylene terephthalate membrane substrates. Global gene expression analysis revealed upregulated expressions of a number of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules in hESCs grown on membrane substrates. Further, an enhanced nuclear translocation of β-catenin was detected in these cells. These observations suggested the augmentation of Wnt signaling in hESCs grown on membrane substrates. These results also demonstrated that a membrane substrate can offer better physicochemical cues for enhancing in vitro hESC attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 700 Research Center Blvd., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Dickinson LE, Rand DR, Tsao J, Eberle W, Gerecht S. Endothelial cell responses to micropillar substrates of varying dimensions and stiffness. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1457-66. [PMID: 22389314 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the vascular niche, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a structural scaffold with a rich ligand landscape of essential matrix proteins that supports the organization and stabilization of endothelial cells (ECs) into functional blood vessels. Many of the physical interactions between ECs and macromolecular components of the ECM occur at both the micron and submicron scale. In addition, the elasticity of the ECM has been shown to be a critical factor in the progress of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we sought to determine the effect of substrate topography and elasticity (stiffness) on EC behavior. Utilizing a unique SiO(2) substrate with an array of micropillars, we first demonstrate that micropillars with heights >3 μm significantly decrease EC adhesion and spreading. Fibronectin (Fn) patterning of 1 μm high micropillars enabled EC adhesion onto the micropillars and promoted alignment in a single-cell chain manner. We then developed a robust method to generate a soft micropillar substrate array made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), similar to the SiO(2) substrate. Finally, we examined the kinetics of EC adhesion and spreading on the soft PDMS substrates compared to the stiff SiO(2) substrates. Culturing cells on the PDMS substrates demonstrated an enhanced EC elongation and alignment when compared to stiff SiO(2) with similar topographical features. We conclude that the elongation and alignment of ECs is coregulated by substrate topography and stiffness and can be harnessed to guide vascular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dickinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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50
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that material surface topography is able to evoke specific cellular responses, endowing materials with instructive properties that were formerly reserved for growth factors. This opens the window to improve upon, in a cost-effective manner, biological performance of any surface used in the human body. Unfortunately, the interplay between surface topographies and cell behavior is complex and still incompletely understood. Rational approaches to search for bioactive surfaces will therefore omit previously unperceived interactions. Hence, in the present study, we use mathematical algorithms to design nonbiased, random surface features and produce chips of poly(lactic acid) with 2,176 different topographies. With human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) grown on the chips and using high-content imaging, we reveal unique, formerly unknown, surface topographies that are able to induce MSC proliferation or osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we correlate parameters of the mathematical algorithms to cellular responses, which yield novel design criteria for these particular parameters. In conclusion, we demonstrate that randomized libraries of surface topographies can be broadly applied to unravel the interplay between cells and surface topography and to find improved material surfaces.
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