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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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2
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Khan S, Mahgoub S, Fallatah N, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. Liver Disease and Cell Therapy: Advances Made and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:739-761. [PMID: 37052348 PMCID: PMC10809282 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of organs for liver transplantation, the ultimate curative treatment for end stage liver disease, has resulted in a growing and unmet need for alternative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory liver disease. Significant strides have been made in exploring their biological activity. Clinical application of MSC has shifted the paradigm from using their regenerative potential to one which harnesses their immunomodulatory properties. Reassuringly, MSCs have been extensively investigated for over 30 years with encouraging efficacy and safety data from translational and early phase clinical studies, but questions remain about their utility. Therefore, in this review, we examine the translational and clinical studies using MSCs in various liver diseases and their impact on dampening immune-mediated liver damage. Our key observations include progress made thus far with use of MSCs for clinical use, inconsistency in the literature to allow meaningful comparison between different studies and need for standardized protocols for MSC manufacture and administration. In addition, the emerging role of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to MSC has been reviewed. We have also highlighted some of the remaining clinical challenges that should be addressed before MSC can progress to be considered as therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nada Fallatah
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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3
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Klabukov I, Tenchurin T, Shepelev A, Baranovskii D, Mamagulashvili V, Dyuzheva T, Krasilnikova O, Balyasin M, Lyundup A, Krasheninnikov M, Sulina Y, Gomzyak V, Krasheninnikov S, Buzin A, Zayratyants G, Yakimova A, Demchenko A, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Kaprin A, Chvalun S. Biomechanical Behaviors and Degradation Properties of Multilayered Polymer Scaffolds: The Phase Space Method for Bile Duct Design and Bioengineering. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030745. [PMID: 36979723 PMCID: PMC10044742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). A study of the degradation properties of separate polymers showed that flat PCL samples exhibited the highest resistance to hydrolysis in comparison with PLGA and PLCL. Irrespective of the liquid-phase nature, no significant mass loss of PCL samples was found in 140 days of incubation. The PLCL- and PLGA-based flat samples were more prone to hydrolysis within the same period of time, which was confirmed by the increased loss of mass and a significant reduction of weight-average molecular mass. The study of the mechanical properties of developed multi-layered tubular scaffolds revealed that their strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions was comparable with the values measured for a decellularized bile duct. The strength of three-layered scaffolds declined significantly because of the active degradation of the outer layer made of PLGA. The strength of scaffolds with the PLCL outer layer deteriorated much less with time, both in the axial (p-value = 0.0016) and radial (p-value = 0.0022) directions. A novel method for assessment of the physiological relevance of synthetic scaffolds was developed and named the phase space approach for assessment of physiological relevance. Two-dimensional phase space (elongation modulus and tensile strength) was used for the assessment and visualization of the physiological relevance of scaffolds for bile duct bioengineering. In conclusion, the design of scaffolds for the creation of physiologically relevant tissue-engineered bile ducts should be based not only on biodegradation properties but also on the biomechanical time-related behavior of various compositions of polymers and copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Obninsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Timur Tenchurin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shepelev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Baranovskii
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vissarion Mamagulashvili
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Dyuzheva
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krasilnikova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Maksim Balyasin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lyundup
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasheninnikov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Russian Technological University MIREA, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Sulina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Gomzyak
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Krasheninnikov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Buzin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Structure of Polymer Materials, Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy Zayratyants
- Department of Pathology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya st., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Yakimova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna Demchenko
- N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Chvalun
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Structure of Polymer Materials, Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, 117393 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Bober Z, Aebisher D, Olek M, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Multiple Cell Cultures for MRI Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10109. [PMID: 36077507 PMCID: PMC9456466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging method that enables diagnostics. In recent years, this technique has been widely used for research using cell cultures used in pharmaceutical science to understand the distribution of various drugs in a variety of biological samples, from cellular models to tissues. MRI's dynamic development in recent years, in addition to diagnostics, has allowed the method to be implemented to assess response to applied therapies. Conventional MRI imaging provides anatomical and pathological information. Due to advanced technology, MRI provides physiological information. The use of cell cultures is very important in the process of testing new synthesized drugs, cancer research, and stem cell research, among others. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures conducted under laboratory conditions, although they provide a lot of information, do not reflect the basic characteristics of the tumor. To replicate the tumor microenvironment in science, a three-dimensional (3D) culture of tumor cells was developed. This makes it possible to reproduce in vivo conditions where, in addition, there is a complex and dynamic process of cell-to-cell communication and cell-matrix interaction. In this work, we reviewed current research in 2D and 3D cultures and their use in MRI studies. Articles for each section were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Bober
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcin Olek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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5
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Ding H, George S, Leng XI, Ihnat M, Ma JX, Jiang G, Margolis D, Dumond J, Zhang Y. Silk fibers assisted long-term 3D culture of human primary urinary stem cells via inhibition of senescence-associated genes: Potential use in the assessment of chronic mitochondrial toxicity. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2022; 15:100261. [PMID: 36212078 PMCID: PMC9542430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite being widely applied in drug development, existing in vitro 2D cell-based models are not suitable to assess chronic mitochondrial toxicity. A novel in vitro assay system mimicking in vivo microenvironment for this purpose is urgently needed. The goal of this study is to establish a 3D cell platform as a reliable, sensitive, cost-efficient, and high-throughput assay to predict drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. We evaluated a long-term culture of human primary urine-derived stem cells (USC) seeded in 3D silk fiber matrix (3D USC-SFM) and further tested chronic mitochondrial toxicity induced by Zalcitabine (ddC, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) as a test drug, compared to USC grown in spheroids. The numbers of USC remain steady in 3D spheroids for 4 weeks and 3D SFM for 6 weeks. However, the majority (95%) of USC survived in 3D SFM, while cell numbers significantly declined in 3D spheroids at 6 weeks. Highly porous SFM provides large-scale numbers of cells by increasing the yield of USC 125-fold/well, which enables the carrying of sufficient cells for multiple experiments with less labor and lower cost, compared to 3D spheroids. The levels of mtDNA content and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase2 [SOD2] as an oxidative stress biomarker and cell senescence genes (RB and P16, p21) of USC were all stably retained in 3D USC-SFM, while those were significantly increased in spheroids. mtDNA content and mitochondrial mass in both 3D culture models significantly decreased six weeks after treatment of ddC (0.2, 2, and 10 μM), compared to 0.1% DMSO control. Levels of complexes I, II, and III significantly decreased in 3D SFM-USC treated with ddC, compared to only complex I level which declined in spheroids. A dose- and time-dependent chronic MtT displayed in the 3D USC-SFM model, but not in spheroids. Thus, a long-term 3D culture model of human primary USC provides a cost-effective and sensitive approach potential for the assessment of drug-induced chronic mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ding
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Sunil George
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Iris Leng
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Guochun Jiang
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Margolis
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie Dumond
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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6
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Pasqua M, Di Gesù R, Chinnici CM, Conaldi PG, Francipane MG. Generation of Hepatobiliary Cell Lineages from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Applications in Disease Modeling and Drug Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8227. [PMID: 34360991 PMCID: PMC8348238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to reproduce key tissue functions in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is offering an incredible opportunity to gain better insight into biological mechanisms underlying development and disease, and a tool for the rapid screening of drug candidates. This review attempts to summarize recent strategies for specification of iPSCs towards hepatobiliary lineages -hepatocytes and cholangiocytes-and their use as platforms for disease modeling and drug testing. The application of different tissue-engineering methods to promote accurate and reliable readouts is discussed. Space is given to open questions, including to what extent these novel systems can be informative. Potential pathways for improvement are finally suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pasqua
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (R.D.G.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Roberto Di Gesù
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (R.D.G.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Cinzia Maria Chinnici
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (R.D.G.); (C.M.C.)
- Dipartimento della Ricerca, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | | | - Maria Giovanna Francipane
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (R.D.G.); (C.M.C.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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7
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Aithal AP, Bairy LK, Seetharam RN. Safety and therapeutic potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 34124233 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is considered as an alternative approach to healthcare. Owing to their pluripotent abilities and their relative lack of ethical and legal issues, adult stem cells are considered as optimal candidates for use in the treatment of various diseases. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are among the most promising candidates for clinical applications as they have expressed a higher degree of plasticity in vitro. Many investigators have begun to examine how bone marrow stem cells might be used to rebuild damaged tissues. The systemic administration of cells for therapeutic applications requires efficient migration and homing of cells to the target site. Cell adhesion molecules and their ligands, chemokines, extracellular matrix components and specialized bone marrow niches all participate in the proper regulation of this process. MSCs suppress the pathophysiological process that is mediated by chronic inflammation and contributes to a modification of the microenvironment and tissue regeneration. Due to the intricacy of the mesenchymal stem cell, there is ever-increasing amount of data emerging about their migration and regenerative mechanisms. Many factors influence MSC mobilization and their homing to injured tissues. This review summarizes the current clinical and pre-clinical data available in literature regarding the use of MSC in tissue repair and their prospective therapeutic role in various diseases and the underlying repair mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini P Aithal
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Laxminarayana K Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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8
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Kang SH, Kim MY, Eom YW, Baik SK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Disease: Present and Perspectives. Gut Liver 2021; 14:306-315. [PMID: 31581387 PMCID: PMC7234888 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy for treating chronic liver diseases. The potential of this treatment has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Although the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are still not completely understood, accumulating evidence has revealed that their immunomodulation, differentiation, and antifibrotic properties play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The safety and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with chronic liver disease have been observed in many clinical studies. However, only modest improvements have been seen, partly because of the limited feasibility of transplanted cells at present. Here, we discuss several strategies targeted at improving viable cell engraftment and the potential challenges in the use of extracellular vesicle-based therapies for liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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9
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Daunys S, Janonienė A, Januškevičienė I, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. 3D Tumor Spheroid Models for In Vitro Therapeutic Screening of Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:243-270. [PMID: 33543463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of compounds and nanoparticles is most often determined in the cell monolayer. However, three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as tumor spheroids, are more representing the natural tumor microenvironment. They have been shown to have higher invasiveness and resistance to cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy compared to cells growing in 2D monolayer. Furthermore, to improve the prediction of clinical efficacy of drugs, in the past decades, even more sophisticated systems, such as multicellular 3D cultures, closely representing natural tumor microenvironment have been developed. Those cultures are formed from either cell lines or patient-derived tumor cells. Such models are very attractive and could improve the selection of tested materials for clinical trials avoiding unnecessary expensive tests in vivo. The microenvironment in tumor spheroids is different, and those differences or the interaction between several cell populations may contribute to different tumor response to the treatment. Also, different types of nanoparticles may have different behavior in 3D models, depending on their nature, physicochemical properties, the presence of targeting ligands on the surface, etc. Therefore, it is very important to understand in which cases which type of tumor spheroid is more suitable for testing specific types of nanoparticles, which conditions should be used, and which analytical method should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Daunys
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Janonienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Januškevičienė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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10
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Al-Dhamin Z, Liu LD, Li DD, Zhang SY, Dong SM, Nan YM. Therapeutic efficiency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver fibrosis: A systematic review of in vivo studies. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7444-7469. [PMID: 33384547 PMCID: PMC7754546 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple drugs are accessible for recovering liver function in patients, none are considered efficient. Liver transplantation is the mainstay therapy for end-stage liver fibrosis. However, the worldwide shortage of healthy liver donors, organ rejection, complex surgery, and high costs are prompting researchers to develop novel approaches to deal with the overwhelming liver fibrosis cases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an emerging alternative method for treating patients with liver fibrosis. However, many aspects of this therapy remain unclear, such as the efficiency compared to conventional treatment, the ideal MSC sources, and the most effective way to use it. Because bone marrow (BM) is the largest source for MSCs, this paper used a systematic review approach to study the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs against liver fibrosis and related factors. We systematically searched multiple published articles to identify studies involving liver fibrosis and BM-MSC-based therapy. Analyzing the selected studies showed that compared with conventional treatment BM-MSC therapy may be more efficient for liver fibrosis in some cases. In contrast, the cotreatment presented a more efficient way. Nevertheless, BM-MSCs are lacking as a therapy for liver fibrosis; thus, this paper also reviews factors that affect BM-MSC efficiency, such as the implementation routes and strategies employed to enhance the potential in alleviating liver fibrosis. Ultimately, our review summarizes the recent advances in the BM-MSC therapy for liver fibrosis. It is grounded in recent developments underlying the efficiency of BM-MSCs as therapy, focusing on the preclinical in vivo experiments, and comparing to other treatments or sources and the strategies used to enhance its potential while mentioning the research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling-Di Liu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Ming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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11
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Mukherjee S, Agarwal M, Bakshi A, Sawant S, Thomas L, Fujii N, Nair P, Kode J. Chemokine SDF1 Mediated Bone Regeneration Using Biodegradable Poly(D,L-lactide- co-glycolide) 3D Scaffolds and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implication for the Development of an "Off-the-Shelf" Pharmacologically Active Construct. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4888-4903. [PMID: 33136384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for bone substitutes for reconstructive orthopedic surgery following removal of bone tumors. Despite the advances in bone regeneration, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) presents a significant challenge, particularly for the treatment of large bone defects in cancer patients. This study aims at developing new chemokine-based technology to generate biodegradable scaffolds that bind pharmacologically active proteins for regeneration/repair of target injured tissues in patients. Primary MSC were cultured from the uninvolved bone marrow (BM) of cancer patients and further characterized for "stemness". Their ability to differentiate into an osteogenic lineage was studied in 2D cultures as well as on 3D macroporous PLGA scaffolds incorporated with biomacromolecules bFGF and homing factor chemokine stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF1). MSC from the uninvolved BM of cancer patients exhibited properties similar to that reported for MSC from BM of healthy individuals. Macroporous PLGA discs were prepared and characterized for pore size, architecture, functional groups, thermostability, and cytocompatibility by ESEM, FTIR, DSC, and CCK-8 dye proliferation assay, respectively. It was observed that the MSC+PLGA+bFGF+SDF1 construct cultured for 14 days supported significant cell growth, osteo-lineage differentiation with increased osteocalcin expression, alkaline phosphatase secretion, calcium mineralization, bone volume, and soluble IL6 compared to unseeded PLGA and PLGA+MSC, as analyzed by confocal microscopy, biochemistry, ESEM, microCT imaging, flow cytometry, and EDS. Thus, chemotactic biomacromolecule SDF1-guided tissue repair/regeneration ability of MSC from cancer patients opens up the avenues for development of "off-the-shelf" pharmacologically active construct for optimal repair of the target injured tissue in postsurgery cancer patients, bone defects, damaged bladder tissue, and radiation-induced skin/mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayanti Mukherjee
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC Australia 3168
| | - Manish Agarwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, TMC, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Bakshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lynda Thomas
- Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Prabha Nair
- Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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12
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Huang D, Gibeley SB, Xu C, Xiao Y, Celik O, Ginsberg HN, Leong KW. Engineering liver microtissues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909553. [PMID: 33390875 PMCID: PMC7774671 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The burden of liver diseases is increasing worldwide, accounting for two million deaths annually. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the basic and translational research of liver tissue engineering. Liver microtissues are small, three-dimensional hepatocyte cultures that recapitulate liver physiology and have been used in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent advances, challenges, and future directions in liver microtissue research. Cellular engineering approaches are used to sustain primary hepatocytes or produce hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells and other adult tissues. Three-dimensional microtissues are generated by scaffold-free assembly or scaffold-assisted methods such as macroencapsulation, droplet microfluidics, and bioprinting. Optimization of the hepatic microenvironment entails incorporating the appropriate cell composition for enhanced cell-cell interactions and niche-specific signals, and creating scaffolds with desired chemical, mechanical and physical properties. Perfusion-based culture systems such as bioreactors and microfluidic systems are used to achieve efficient exchange of nutrients and soluble factors. Taken together, systematic optimization of liver microtissues is a multidisciplinary effort focused on creating liver cultures and on-chip models with greater structural complexity and physiological relevance for use in liver disease research, therapeutic development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sarah B. Gibeley
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ozgenur Celik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Sun S, Yuan L, An Z, Shi D, Xin J, Jiang J, Ren K, Chen J, Guo B, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Jin X, Ruan S, Cheng T, Xia N, Li J. DLL4 restores damaged liver by enhancing hBMSC differentiation into cholangiocytes. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101900. [PMID: 32622343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biliary injury is one of the main pathological mechanisms of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4)-mediated Notch activation contributes to reversing biliary injury; however, the specific role of DLL4 in biliary restoration is still unclear. This study aimed to determine whether human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) can differentiate into biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) in vitro and in vivo and to clarify the role of DLL4 in restoring damaged liver by enhancing cholangiocyte differentiation. METHODS hBMSCs were transplanted into immunodeficient mice (FRGS) with FHF induced by the hamster-anti-mouse CD95 antibody JO2. The appearance of human cholangiocytes was evaluated in the generated hBMSC-FRGS mice by q-PCR expression, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The potency of DLL4 in inducing cholangiocyte differentiation from hBMSCs was assessed by observing the cell morphology and measuring the expression of cholangiocyte-specific genes and proteins. RESULTS Human KRT19- and KRT7-double-positive cholangiocyte-like cells appeared in hBMSC-FRGS mice at 12 weeks after transplantation. After these cells were separated and collected by fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), there were high levels of expression of eight typical human cholangiocyte-specific genes and proteins (e.g., KRT19 and KRT7). Furthermore, hBMSC-derived cholangiocytes induced by DLL4 had a better shape with higher nucleus/cytoplasm ratios and showed a specific increase in the expression of cholangiocyte-specific genes and proteins (e.g., KRT19, KRT7, SOX9 and CFTR). CONCLUSIONS Cholangiocytes can be efficiently differentiated from hBMSCs in vivo and in vitro. DLL4 restores damaged liver by enhancing cholangiocyte differentiation from hBMSCs and has the potential to be used in future clinical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhanglu An
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Keke Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Sihan Ruan
- Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, 999 Donghai Rd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, 999 Donghai Rd., Taizhou 318000, China.
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14
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Zhao X, Zhu Y, Laslett AL, Chan HF. Hepatic Differentiation of Stem Cells in 2D and 3D Biomaterial Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E47. [PMID: 32466173 PMCID: PMC7356247 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical shortage of donor livers for treating end-stage liver failure signifies the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived from various stem cells represent a promising cell source for hepatocyte transplantation, liver tissue engineering, and development of a bioartificial liver assist device. At present, the protocols of hepatic differentiation of stem cells are optimized based on soluble chemical signals introduced in the culture medium and the HLC produced typically retain an immature phenotype. To promote further hepatic differentiation and maturation, biomaterials can be designed to recapitulate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in both 2D and 3D configurations. In this review, we will summarize and compare various 2D and 3D biomaterial systems that have been applied to hepatic differentiation, and highlight their roles in presenting biochemical and physical cues to different stem cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanlun Zhu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Andrew L. Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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15
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Comparison of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Normal and D-Galactosamine-Induced Mice Model of Liver Injury Before and After Liver Decellularization. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Fabrication and evaluation of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfibrous scaffolds for hepatocyte growth and functionality maintenance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110523. [PMID: 32228959 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For hepatocyte culture in vitro, the surface feature of utilized scaffolds exerts a direct impact on cell adhesion, growth and differentiated functionality. Herein, to regulate hepatocyte growth and differentiated functionality, modified microfibrous scaffolds were fabricated by surface grafting monoamine terminated lactobionic lactone (L-NH2) and gelatin onto non-woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibrous substrate (PET-Gal and PET-Gel), respectively. The physicochemical properties of PET scaffolds before and after modification were characterized. Upon 15-day culture, the effects of modified PET scaffolds on growth and differentiated functionality of human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) were evaluated, compared with that of control without modification. Results demonstrated that both L-NH2 and gelatin modifications improved scaffold properties including hydrophilicity, water uptake ratio, stiffness and roughness, resulting in efficient cell adhesion, ~20-fold cell expansion and enhanced differentiated functionality. After culture for 15 days, PET-Gal cultured cells formed aggregates, displaying better cell viability and significantly higher differentiated functionality regarding albumin secretion, urea synthesis, phases I (cytochrome P450, CYP1A1/2 and CYP3A4) and II (uridine 5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, UGT) enzyme activity, biliary excretion and detoxification ability (ammonia elimination and bilirubin conjugation), compared with PET and PET-Gel cultured ones. Hence, as a three-dimensional (3D) microfibrous scaffold, PET-Gal promotes hiHeps growth and differentiated functionality maintenance, which is promisingly utilized in bioartificial liver (BAL) bioreactors.
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17
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A Hepatic Scaffold from Decellularized Liver Tissue: Food for Thought. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120813. [PMID: 31810291 PMCID: PMC6995515 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic liver transplantation is still deemed the gold standard solution for end-stage organ failure; however, donor organ shortages have led to extended waiting lists for organ transplants. In order to overcome the lack of donors, the development of new therapeutic options is mandatory. In the last several years, organ bioengineering has been extensively explored to provide transplantable tissues or whole organs with the final goal of creating a three-dimensional growth microenvironment mimicking the native structure. It has been frequently reported that an extracellular matrix-based scaffold offers a structural support and important biological molecules that could help cellular proliferation during the recellularization process. The aim of the present review is to underline the recent developments in cell-on-scaffold technology for liver bioengineering, taking into account: (1) biological and synthetic scaffolds; (2) animal and human tissue decellularization; (3) scaffold recellularization; (4) 3D bioprinting; and (5) organoid technology. Future possible clinical applications in regenerative medicine for liver tissue engineering and for drug testing were underlined and dissected.
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18
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Huang X, Lee F, Teng Y, Lingam CB, Chen Z, Sun M, Song Z, Balachander GM, Leo HL, Guo Q, Shah I, Yu H. Sequential drug delivery for liver diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:72-84. [PMID: 31734169 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver performs critical physiological functions such as metabolism/detoxification and blood homeostasis/biliary excretion. A high degree of blood access means that a drug's resident time in any cell is relatively short. This short drug exposure to cells requires local sequential delivery of multiple drugs for optimal efficacy, potency, and safety. The high metabolism and excretion of drugs also impose both technical challenges and opportunities to sequential drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the sequential events in liver regeneration and the related liver diseases. Using selected examples of liver cancer, hepatitis B viral infection, fatty liver diseases, and drug-induced liver injury, we highlight efforts made for the sequential delivery of small and macromolecular drugs through different biomaterials, cells, and microdevice-based delivery platforms that allow fast delivery kinetics and rapid drug switching. As this is a nascent area of development, we extrapolate and compare the results with other sequential drug delivery studies to suggest possible application in liver diseases, wherever appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Fan Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yao Teng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Corey Bryen Lingam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zijian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Ziwei Song
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Gowri M Balachander
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Imran Shah
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Level 4 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Gastroenterology Department, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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19
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Ye S, Boeter JWB, Penning LC, Spee B, Schneeberger K. Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E59. [PMID: 31284412 PMCID: PMC6784004 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem W B Boeter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Natale A, Vanmol K, Arslan A, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Buzgo M, Boeckmans J, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Rodrigues RM. Technological advancements for the development of stem cell-based models for hepatotoxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1789-1805. [PMID: 31037322 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types of the human body. Using directed differentiation strategies, stem cells can now be converted into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and therefore, represent a unique cell source for toxicological applications in vitro. However, the acquired hepatic functionality of stem cell-derived HLCs is still significantly inferior to primary human hepatocytes. One of the main reasons for this is that most in vitro models use traditional two-dimensional (2D) setups where the flat substrata cannot properly mimic the physiology of the human liver. Therefore, 2D-setups are progressively being replaced by more advanced culture systems, which attempt to replicate the natural liver microenvironment, in which stem cells can better differentiate towards HLCs. This review highlights the most recent cell culture systems, including scaffold-free and scaffold-based three-dimensional (3D) technologies and microfluidics that can be employed for culture and hepatic differentiation of stem cells intended for hepatotoxicity testing. These methodologies have shown to improve in vitro liver cell functionality according to the in vivo liver physiology and allow to establish stem cell-based hepatic in vitro platforms for the accurate evaluation of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Vanmol
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aysu Arslan
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Chae YJ, Jun DW, Lee JS, Saeed WK, Kang HT, Jang K, Lee JH. The Use of Foxa2-Overexpressing Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Scaffold System Attenuates Acute Liver Injury. Gut Liver 2019; 13:450-460. [PMID: 30602218 PMCID: PMC6622567 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims For the clinical application of stem cell therapy, functional enhancement is needed to increase the survival rate and the engraftment rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate functional enhancement of the paracrine effect using stem cells and hepatocyte-like cells and to minimize stem cell homing by using a scaffold system in a liver disease model. Methods A microporator was used to overexpress Foxa2 in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which were cultured in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold. Later, the ADSCs were cultured in hepatic differentiation medium for 2 weeks by a 3-step method. For in vivo experiments, Foxa2-overexpressing ADSCs were loaded in the scaffold, cultured in hepatic differentiation medium and later were implanted in the dorsa of nude mice subjected to acute liver injury (thioacetamide intraperitoneal injection). Results Foxa2-overexpressing ADSCs showed greater increases in hepatocyte-specific gene markers (alpha fetoprotein [AFP], cytokeratin 18 [CK18], and albumin), cytoplasmic glycogen storage, and cytochrome P450 expression than cells that underwent the conventional differentiation method. In vivo experiments using the nude mouse model showed that 2 weeks after scaffold implantation, the mRNA expression of AFP, CK18, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26), and connexin 32 (CX32) was higher in the Foxa2-overexpressing ADSCs group than in the ADSCs group. The Foxa2-overexpressing ADSCs scaffold treatment group showed attenuated liver injury without stem cell homing in the thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury model. Conclusions Foxa2-overexpressing ADSCs applied in a scaffold system enhanced hepatocyte-like differentiation and attenuated acute liver damage in an acute liver injury model without homing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Chae
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jai Sun Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyeon Tae Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon,
Korea
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Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Acute Liver Failure Model Using Scaffold. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:781-791. [PMID: 30421375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting MSCs via blood vessel is most commonly used method, which has a major drawback of safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy using scaffold-loaded MSCs in acute liver failure model. METHOD Acute liver failure was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, i.p) once a day for two consecutive days. The animals were divided in four acute liver failure groups: (1) TAA; (2) empty scaffold; (3) MSCs injected through tail vein; (4) MSC + Scaffold, scaffold loaded with MSCs, to evaluate the mortality and changes in liver function. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold alone and loaded with human MSCs was implanted on mice dorsum. RESULTS TAA dose was titrated until one-third mortality rate was achieved. TAA (200 mg/kg) once daily for two consecutive days was injected to establish the acute liver failure model. The mortality of TAA and scaffold groups was 55.9% and 63.2%, respectively. Although, mortality of MSC-TV group decreased 14.7% as compared to TAA group (p = 0.200), MSC + Scaffold group had the lowest mortality (31.4%) (p = 0.013). Cells implanted in PLGA biomaterial were survived until 3 weeks, and their function was increased. Area of hepatic inflammation and necrosis was significantly reduced in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups; but there was no difference between the two groups. Gene expressions related to inflammation were significantly decreased in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups compared to TAA group. In MSC + Scaffold group, no migration of stem cells to liver tissue was observed. Although, not all cells in scaffold were stained, some of them were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells which stained positive for PAS and CYP2E1 antibody. CONCLUSION Scaffold loaded with MSCs showed protective effects via paracrine signaling on acute liver failure model.
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Spontaneous formation of tumor spheroid on a hydrophilic filter paper for cancer stem cell enrichment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:426-434. [PMID: 30481703 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence. The specific targeting capability on CSCs is of high importance for the development of effective anti-tumor therapeutics. However, isolation, enrichment and cultivation of these special and rare groups of tumor cells for in vitro analyses is a nontrivial job and requires particular culture medium and environmental control. Herein, we established a low-cost and efficient method for CSC enrichment by culturing prostate cancer cells on a hydrophilic filter paper. We found that tumor spheroids could form spontaneously on a pristine filter paper solely with regular cell culture medium. The paper-grown cells had elevated expression of putative CSC markers, indicating increased stemness of the cancer cells. Moreover, increased resistance of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin was observed on the formed CSC spheroids compared to regular culture. The properties of the filter paper were characterized to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the promoted tumor spheroid formation. The obtained results suggested that the excellent hydrophilicity of the cellulose fibers retarded the hydrophobic interaction-mediated cell anchoring on the cellulose fibers, while the limited space/niche between fibers promoted the aggregation of cells. In addition, biocompatible paper-based materials are able to realize convenient assembly of tissue-like structures for developing in vitro disease models or organs-on-paper applications. Therefore, hydrophilic filter papers could be a low-cost material for construction of various assay platforms for isolating and enriching CSCs, screening anti-tumor drugs, and constructing tumor models in vitro.
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Abstract
To perform the drug screening, planar cultured cell models are commonly applied to test efficacy and toxicity of drugs. However, planar cultured cells are different from the human 3D organs or tissues in vivo. To simulate the human 3D organs or tissues, 3D spheroids are developed by culturing a small aggregate of cells which reside around the extracellular matrix and interact with other cells in liquid media. Here we apply lung carcinoma cell lines to engineer the 3D lung cancer spheroid-based biosensor using the interdigitated electrodes for drug efficacy evaluation. The results show 3D spheroid had higher drug resistance than the planar cell model. The anticarcinogen inhibition on different 3D lung cancer spheroid models (A549, H1299, H460) can be quantitatively evaluated by electric impedance sensing. Besides, we delivered combination of anticarcinogens treatments to A549 spheroids which is commonly used in clinic treatment, and found the synergistic effect of cisplatin plus etoposide had higher drug response. To simultaneously test the drug efficacy and side effects on multi-organ model with circulatory system, a connected multiwell interdigitated electrode arraywas applied to culture different organoid spheroids. Overall, the organization of 3D cancer spheroids-based biosensor, which has higher predictive value for drug discovery and personalized medicine screening, is expected to be well applied in the area of pharmacy and clinical medicine.
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Alwahsh SM, Rashidi H, Hay DC. Liver cell therapy: is this the end of the beginning? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1307-1324. [PMID: 29181772 PMCID: PMC5852182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver diseases is increasing globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is widely used to treat liver disease upon organ failure. The complexity of this procedure and finite numbers of healthy organ donors have prompted research into alternative therapeutic options to treat liver disease. This includes the transplantation of liver cells to promote regeneration. While successful, the routine supply of good quality human liver cells is limited. Therefore, renewable and scalable sources of these cells are sought. Liver progenitor and pluripotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. This review discusses recent approaches in liver cell transplantation and requirements to improve the process, with the ultimate goal being efficient organ regeneration. We also discuss the potential off-target effects of cell-based therapies, and the advantages and drawbacks of current pre-clinical animal models used to study organ senescence, repopulation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah M Alwahsh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Barui A, Chowdhury F, Pandit A, Datta P. Rerouting mesenchymal stem cell trajectory towards epithelial lineage by engineering cellular niche. Biomaterials 2018; 156:28-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Reversal of Experimental Liver Damage after Transplantation of Stem-Derived Cells Detected by FTIR Spectroscopy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4585169. [PMID: 29445403 PMCID: PMC5763141 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4585169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs holds great potential for treating end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of transplanted rBM-MSCs and rBM-MSC-derived differentiated stem cells (rBM-MSC-DSCs) for suppression of dimethylnitrosamine-injured liver damage in rat model. Synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to investigate changes in the macromolecular composition. Transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs into liver-injured rats restored their serum albumin level and significantly suppressed transaminase activity as well as the morphological manifestations of liver disease. The regenerative effects of rBM-MSC-DSCs were corroborated unequivocally by the phenotypic difference analysis between liver tissues revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic changes in the spectral region from 1190–970 cm−1 (bands with absorbance maxima at 1150 cm−1, 1081 cm−1, and 1026 cm−1) indicated decreased levels of carbohydrates, in rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted livers, compared with untreated and rBM-MSC--transplanted animals. Principal component analysis (PCA) of spectra acquired from liver tissue could readily discriminate rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted animals from the untreated and rBM-MSC-transplanted animals. We conclude that the transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs effectively treats liver disease in rats and SR-FTIR microspectroscopy provides important insights into the fundamental biochemical alterations induced by the stem-derived cell transplantation, including an objective “signature” of the regenerative effects of stem cell therapy upon liver injury.
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Moon HJ, Lee HJ, Patel M, Park S, Chang SH, Jeong B. Hepatogenic Supported Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Lactobionic Acid-Conjugated Thermogel. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1305-1309. [PMID: 35650787 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of receptor substrate of target cells on stem cell differentiation, lactobionic acid-conjugated poly[(propylene glycol)-b-(ethylene glycol)-b-(propylene glycol)]-poly(l-alanine) (LB-PLX-PA) was synthesized, and then thermogelling systems consisting of LB-PLX-PA and PLX-PA in a ratio of 0/100 (LB-0), 5/95 (LB-5), and 20/80 (LB-20) were constructed as an injectable three-dimensional scaffold toward hepatogenic differentiation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs). Modulus of LB-0, LB-5, and LB-20 increased to 500-800 Pa at 37 °C (gel) due to the heat induced sol-to-gel transition of the systems during which TMSCs were incorporated into the gel. Based on biomarker expressions and hepatic biofunctions of the differentiated cells, the receptor substrate (LB)-conjugated bioactive thermogel provides compatible microenvironments for the differentiated cells, and thus gives pronounced positive results on the differentiation of the stem cells into target cells during three-dimensional culture, compared with a passive thermogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Moon
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Chang
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and
Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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Ghaderi Gandomani M, Sahebghadam Lotfi A, Kordi Tamandani D, Arjmand S, Alizadeh S. The enhancement of differentiating adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells toward hepatocyte like cells using gelatin cryogel scaffold. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:1000-1006. [PMID: 28778389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering creates a promising methodology for developing functional tissue to restore or improve the function of lost or damaged liver by using appropriate cells and biologically compatible scaffolds. The present paper aims to study the hepatogenic potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) on a 3D gelatin scaffold in vitro. For this purpose, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human adipose tissue and characterized by flowcytometry analysis and mesodermal lineage differentiation capacity. Then, porous cryogel scaffolds were fabricated by cryogelating the gelatin using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The structure of the scaffolds as well as the adhesion and proliferation of the cells were then determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and MTT assay, respectively. The efficiency of hepatic differentiation of hADSCs on 2D and 3D culture systems has been assessed by means of morphological, cytological, molecular and biochemical approaches. Based on the results of flowcytometry, the isolated cells were positive for hMSC specific markers and negative for hematopoietic markers. Further, the multipotency of these cells was confirmed by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the highly porous structure of scaffolds was characterized by SEM images. Biocompatibility was observed in the fabricated gelatin scaffolds and the adhesion and proliferation of hADSCs were promoted without any cytotoxicity effects. In addition, compared to 2D TCPS, the fabricated scaffolds provided more appropriate microenvironment resulting in promoting the differentiation of hADSCs toward hepatocyte-like cells with higher expression of hepatocyte-specific markers and appropriate functional characteristics such as increased levels of urea biosynthesis and glycogen storage. Finally, the created 3D gelatin scaffold could provide an appropriate matrix for hepatogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which could be considered for liver tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Hematology department, Allied medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sun S, Li J. Humanized chimeric mouse models of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 59:131-136. [PMID: 28408253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, fulminant hepatitis and end-stage hepatic failure. Despite the availability of anti-HBV therapies, HBV infection remains a major global public health problem. Developing an ideal animal model of HBV infection to clarify the details of the HBV replication process, the viral life cycle, the resulting immunoresponse and the precise pathogenesis of HBV is difficult because HBV has an extremely narrow host range and almost exclusively infects humans. In this review, we summarize and evaluate animal models available for studying HBV infection, especially focusing on humanized chimeric mouse models, and we discuss future development trends regarding immunocompetent humanized mouse models that can delineate the natural history and immunopathophysiology of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Hong JH, Lee HJ, Jeong B. Injectable Polypeptide Thermogel as a Tissue Engineering System for Hepatogenic Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11568-11576. [PMID: 28290667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-alanine) (PEG-l-PA) hydrogel incorporating tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) was prepared through thermal gelation of an aqueous polymer solution for an injectable tissue engineering application. The thermal gelation accompanied conformational changes of both PA and PEG blocks. The gel modulus at 37 °C was controlled to be 1000 Pa by using a 14.0 wt % aqueous polymer solution. The gel preserved its physical integrity during the 3D culture of the cells. TUDCA, HGF, and FGF4 were released from the PEG-l-PA hydrogel over 21 days of the 3D cell culture period. TMSCs initially exhibited a spherical shape, whereas some fibers protruded from the cells on days 14-21 of 3D culture. The injectable system exhibited pronounced expressions of the hepatic biomarkers at both mRNA and protein levels, which are significantly better than the commercially available hyaluronic acid gel. In particular, the hepatogenically differentiated cells from the TMSCs in the injectable system demonstrated hepatic biofunctions comparable to HepG2 cells for the uptakes of low density lipoproteins (52%) and indocyanine green (76%), and the production of albumin (40%) and urea (52%), which are also significantly better than the 3D-cultured cells in the commercially available hyaluronic acid gel. Our studies suggest that the PEG-l-PA thermogel incorporating TMSCs, TUDCA, and growth factors is highly promising as an in situ forming tissue engineering system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hye Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Serpooshan V, Chen P, Wu H, Lee S, Sharma A, Hu DA, Venkatraman S, Ganesan AV, Usta OB, Yarmush M, Yang F, Wu JC, Demirci U, Wu SM. Bioacoustic-enabled patterning of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes into 3D cardiac tissue. Biomaterials 2017; 131:47-57. [PMID: 28376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The creation of physiologically-relevant human cardiac tissue with defined cell structure and function is essential for a wide variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug screening applications. Here we report a new scalable method using Faraday waves to enable rapid aggregation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) into predefined 3D constructs. At packing densities that approximate native myocardium (108-109 cells/ml), these hiPSC-CM-derived 3D tissues demonstrate significantly improved cell viability, metabolic activity, and intercellular connection when compared to constructs with random cell distribution. Moreover, the patterned hiPSC-CMs within the constructs exhibit significantly greater levels of contractile stress, beat frequency, and contraction-relaxation rates, suggesting their improved maturation. Our results demonstrate a novel application of Faraday waves to create stem cell-derived 3D cardiac tissue that resembles the cellular architecture of a native heart tissue for diverse basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pu Chen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Venkatraman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | | | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering (by Courtesy), Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Perez RA, Jung CR, Kim HW. Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27860372 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative approach has emerged to substitute the current extracorporeal technologies for the treatment of diseased and damaged liver tissue. This is based on the use of biomaterials that modulate the responses of hepatic cells through the unique matrix properties tuned to recapitulate regenerative functions. Cells in liver preserve their phenotype or differentiate through the interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the engineered biomaterials, such as stiffness and surface topography, need to be tailored to induce appropriate cellular functions. The matrix physical stimuli can be combined with biochemical cues, such as immobilized functional groups or the delivered actions of signaling molecules. Furthermore, the external modulation of cells, through cocultures with nonparenchymal cells (e.g., endothelial cells) that can signal bioactive molecules, is another promising avenue to regenerate liver tissue. This review disseminates the recent approaches of regenerating liver tissue, with a focus on the development of biomaterials and the related culture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit; KRIBB; 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Dankook University Dental College; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
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Yu Z, Zou Y, Fan J, Li C, Ma L. Notch1 is associated with the differentiation of human bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5065-5071. [PMID: 27779661 PMCID: PMC5355702 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in the early process of differentiation to determine the fate of stem cells. However, the precise role of Notch in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of Notch signalling during the course of hBMSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes using hBMSCs, with multilineage differentiation ability, isolated and purified from human bone marrow. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD29, CD44 and CD90 were highly expressed on the surface of cells in their fifth passage, whereas detection of CD34, CD45, CD54 and HLA-DR was negative. Visualization of morphological changes, western blotting, immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that hBMSCs differentiate into cardiomyocytes through treatment with 5-azacytidine (5-aza). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultramicroscopic details of differentiated hBMSCs. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated increased protein expression levels of α-actin and cardiac troponin T expression, and RT-qPCR revealed increased mRNA expression of Notch1 early in the process of differentiation (days 1, 4 and 7), and increased mRNA expression levels of the transcription factors GATA binding protein-4 and NK2 homeobox 5 at day 28 day. In conclusion, differentiation of hBMSCs into cardiomyocytes was induced in vitro by 5-aza, and was associated with upregulation of Notch1, GATA binding protein-4 and Nkx2.5 expression. Overexpression of the Notch1 signaling pathway may represent a potential mechanism underlying the differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipu Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Chengchen Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Bi H, Ming L, Cheng R, Luo H, Zhang Y, Jin Y. Liver extracellular matrix promotes BM-MSCs hepatic differentiation and reversal of liver fibrosis through activation of integrin pathway. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2685-2698. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Leiguo Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ruiping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hailang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Tasnim F, Toh YC, Qu Y, Li H, Phan D, Narmada BC, Ananthanarayanan A, Mittal N, Meng RQ, Yu H. Functionally Enhanced Human Stem Cell Derived Hepatocytes in Galactosylated Cellulosic Sponges for Hepatotoxicity Testing. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1947-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Tasnim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yinghua Qu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Derek Phan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan C. Narmada
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Ananthanarayanan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ryan Q Meng
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Asia Pacific, Janssen Research & Development, 999 South Pudong Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology,
#04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Department
of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, MD9-03-03, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- NUS Graduate
School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Mechanobiology
Institute, T-Laboratories, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 3 Science Drive 2, S16-05-08, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Thermogel-Coated Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composite Scaffold for Enhanced Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050200. [PMID: 30979294 PMCID: PMC6432600 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) composite scaffold was prepared for enhanced cartilage tissue engineering, which was composed of a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) backbone network and a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA) thermogel surface. The composite scaffold not only possessed adequate mechanical strength similar to native osteochondral tissue as a benefit of the PCL backbone, but also maintained cell-friendly microenvironment of the hydrogel. The PCL network with homogeneously-controlled pore size and total pore interconnectivity was fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM), and was impregnated into the PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA solution at low temperature (e.g., 4 °C). The PCL/Gel composite scaffold was obtained after gelation induced by incubation at body temperature (i.e., 37 °C). The composite scaffold showed a greater number of cell retention and proliferation in comparison to the PCL platform. In addition, the composite scaffold promoted the encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to differentiate chondrogenically with a greater amount of cartilage-specific matrix production compared to the PCL scaffold or thermogel. Therefore, the 3D PCL/Gel composite scaffold may exhibit great potential for in vivo cartilage regeneration.
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Chitrangi S, Nair P, Khanna A. Three-dimensional polymer scaffolds for enhanced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells: a comparative study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2359-2372. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chitrangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Prabha Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Shree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
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Microtissues in Cardiovascular Medicine: Regenerative Potential Based on a 3D Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9098523. [PMID: 27073399 PMCID: PMC4814701 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9098523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More people die annually from cardiovascular diseases than from any other cause. In particular, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may be affected by ongoing adverse remodeling processes of the heart that may ultimately lead to heart failure. The introduction of stem and progenitor cell-based applications has raised substantial hope for reversing these processes and inducing cardiac regeneration. However, current stem cell therapies using single-cell suspensions have failed to demonstrate long-lasting efficacy due to the overall low retention rate after cell delivery to the myocardium. To overcome this obstacle, the concept of 3D cell culture techniques has been proposed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and cell engraftment based on the simulation of an in vivo-like microenvironment. Of great interest is the use of so-called microtissues or spheroids, which have evolved from their traditional role as in vitro models to their novel role as therapeutic agents. This review will provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of microtissues by addressing primarily cardiovascular regeneration. It will accentuate their advantages compared to other regenerative approaches and summarize the methods for generating clinically applicable microtissues. In addition, this review will illustrate the unique properties of the microenvironment within microtissues that makes them a promising next-generation therapeutic approach.
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Wu HH, Ho JH, Lee OK. Detection of hepatic maturation by Raman spectroscopy in mesenchymal stromal cells undergoing hepatic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:6. [PMID: 26753763 PMCID: PMC4709909 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are well known for their application potential in tissue engineering. We previously reported that MSCs are able to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro. However, conventional methods for estimating the maturation of hepatic differentiation require relatively large amounts of cell samples. Raman spectroscopy (RS), a photonic tool for acquisition of cell spectra by inelastic scattering, has been recently used as a label-free single-cell detector for biological applications including phenotypic changes and differentiation of cells and diagnosis. In this study, RS is used to real-time monitor the maturation of hepatic differentiation in live MSCs. Methods The MSCs were cultured on the type I collagen pre-coating substrate and differentiated into hepatocytes in vitro using a two-step protocol. The Raman spectra at different time points are acquired in the range 400–3000 cm–1and analyzed by quantification methods and principle component analysis during hepatic differentiation from the MSCs. Results The intensity of the broad band in the range 2800–3000 cm–1 reflects the amount of glycogen within lipochrome in differentiated hepatocytes. A high correlation coefficient between the glycogen amount and hepatic maturation was exhibited. Moreover, principle component analysis of the Raman spectra from 400 to 3000 cm–1 indicated that MSC-derived hepatocytes were close to the primary hepatocytes and were distinct from the undifferentiated MSCs. Conclusions In summary, RS can serve as a rapid, non-invasive, real-time and label-free biosensor and reflects changes in live cell components during hepatic differentiation. The use of RS may thus facilitate the detection of hepatic differentiation and maturation in stem cells. Such an approach may substantially improve the feasibility as well as shorten the time required compared to the conventional molecular biology methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jennifer H Ho
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Taipei City Hospital, No. 145, Zhengzhou Road, Datong District, Taipei, 10341, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
In this chapter the state of the art of live cell microarrays for high-throughput biological assays are reviewed. The fabrication of novel microarrays with respect to material science and cell patterning methods is included. A main focus of the chapter is on various aspects of the application of cell microarrays by providing selected examples in research fields such as biomaterials, stem cell biology and neuroscience. Additionally, the importance of microfluidic technologies for high-throughput on-chip live-cell microarrays is highlighted for single-cell and multi-cell assays as well as for 3D tissue constructs.
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Tsolaki E, Yannaki E. Stem cell-based regenerative opportunities for the liver: State of the art and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12334-12350. [PMID: 26604641 PMCID: PMC4649117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing mismatch between the great demand for liver transplants and the number of available donor organs highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies in patients with acute or chronic liver failure. The rapidly growing knowledge on stem cell biology and the intrinsic repair processes of the liver has opened new avenues for using stem cells as a cell therapy platform in regenerative medicine for hepatic diseases. An impressive number of cell types have been investigated as sources of liver regeneration: adult and fetal liver hepatocytes, intrahepatic stem cell populations, annex stem cells, adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. All these highly different cell types, used either as cell suspensions or, in combination with biomaterials as implantable liver tissue constructs, have generated great promise for liver regeneration. However, fundamental questions still need to be addressed and critical hurdles to be overcome before liver cell therapy emerges. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in the field of stem cell-based therapies for the liver along with existing challenges and future perspectives towards a successful liver cell therapy that will ultimately deliver its demanding goals.
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Recent advances and future applications of microfluidic live-cell microarrays. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:948-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xin J, Ding W, Hao S, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Wu T, Shi D, Cao H, Li L, Li J. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocytes express tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 and follistatin. Liver Int 2015; 35:2301-10. [PMID: 25645195 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) transplantation is expected to become an alternative regenerative technique for liver diseases. However, the mechanism by which hBMSCs differentiate into hepatocytes is still unclear. The aim of this study was to establish the specific characteristics of hBMSC-derived hepatocytes (hBMSC-Heps) for future clinical applications. METHODS Potential hBMSC-Hep biomarkers were screened using cytokine arrays. Significant biomarkers were then validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vitro and in an in vivo xenotransplantation model in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) pigs. RESULTS After 20 days of differentiation, the expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP-4) and follistatin (FST) in functional hBMSC-Heps were significantly increased, whereas those of activin A, osteoprotegerin and platelet-derived growth factor α polypeptide (PDGF-A) were significantly decreased. The high levels of TIMP-4 and FST were validated by ELISA in hBMSC-Heps grown in differentiation medium. The in vivo xenotransplantation model in FHF pigs showed that the serum levels of TIMP-4 and FST were significantly increased 6 h after hBMSC transplantation and reached their highest levels at 24 and 48 h, respectively, after hBMSC transplantation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that TIMP-4 and FST were expressed in cultured hBMSC-Heps and in implanted hBMSC-Heps in pig livers. CONCLUSIONS The transdifferentiation of hBMSCs into hepatocytes is associated with the expression of TIMP-4 and FST. TIMP-4 and FST represent potential novel biomarkers for the characterisation of hBMSC-Heps and may be useful for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Ding
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaorui Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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A comparison of the chemical and liver extract-induced hepatic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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In Vitro and In Vivo Hepatic Differentiation of Adult Somatic Stem Cells and Extraembryonic Stem Cells for Treating End Stage Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:871972. [PMID: 26347063 PMCID: PMC4541019 DOI: 10.1155/2015/871972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of liver donors is a major handicap that prevents most patients from receiving liver transplantation and places them on a waiting list for donated liver tissue. Then, primary hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial livers have emerged as two alternative treatments for these often fatal diseases. However, another problem has emerged. Functional hepatocytes for liver regeneration are in short supply, and they will dedifferentiate immediately in vitro after they are isolated from liver tissue. Alternative stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies, including hepatic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are more promising, and more attention has been devoted to these approaches because of the high potency and proliferation ability of the cells. This review will focus on the general characteristics and the progress in hepatic differentiation of adult somatic stem cells and extraembryonic stem cells
in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of end stage liver diseases. The hepatic differentiation of stem cells would offer an ideal and promising source for cell therapy and tissue engineering for treating liver diseases.
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Pan Z, Duan P, Liu X, Wang H, Cao L, He Y, Dong J, Ding J. Effect of porosities of bilayered porous scaffolds on spontaneous osteochondral repair in cartilage tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:9-19. [PMID: 26813511 PMCID: PMC4669027 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-bilayered scaffolds with the same porosity or different ones on the two layers were fabricated, and the porosity effect on in vivo repairing of the osteochondral defect was examined in a comparative way for the first time. The constructs of scaffolds and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were implanted into pre-created osteochondral defects in the femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, all experimental groups exhibited good cartilage repairing according to macroscopic appearance, cross-section view, haematoxylin and eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction of characteristic genes. The group of 92% porosity in the cartilage layer and 77% porosity in the bone layer resulted in the best efficacy, which was understood by more biomechanical mimicking of the natural cartilage and subchondral bone. This study illustrates unambiguously that cartilage tissue engineering allows for a wide range of scaffold porosity, yet some porosity group is optimal. It is also revealed that the biomechanical matching with the natural composite tissue should be taken into consideration in the design of practical biomaterials, which is especially important for porosities of a multi-compartment scaffold concerning connected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pingguo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhou Q, Li L, Li J. Stem cells with decellularized liver scaffolds in liver regeneration and their potential clinical applications. Liver Int 2015; 35:687-94. [PMID: 24797694 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
End-stage hepatic failure is a potentially life-threatening condition for which orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only effective treatment. However, a shortage of available donor organs for transplantation each year results in the death of many patients waiting for liver transplantation. Cell-based therapies and hepatic tissue engineering have been considered as alternatives to liver transplantation. However, primary hepatocyte transplantation has rarely produced therapeutic effects because mature hepatocytes cannot be effectively expanded in vitro, and the availability of hepatocytes is often limited by shortages of donor organs. Decellularization is an attractive technique for scaffold preparation in stem cell-based liver engineering, as the resulting material can potentially retain the liver architecture, native vessel network and specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, the reconstruction of functional and practical liver tissue using decellularized scaffolds becomes possible. This review focuses on the current understanding of liver tissue engineering, whole-organ liver decellularization techniques, cell sources for recellularization and potential clinical applications and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Song YM, Lian CH, Wu CS, Ji AF, Xiang JJ, Wang XY. Effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted via the portal vein or tail vein on liver injury in rats with liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1292-1298. [PMID: 25780424 PMCID: PMC4353761 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplanted via the portal vein or tail vein on liver injury in rats with liver cirrhosis. BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Then, the labeled BMSCs were injected into rats with liver injury via the portal vein or tail vein. Two weeks after transplantation, three rats in each group were sacrificed to test the distribution of GFP in the liver and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin. Six weeks later, the remaining rats were sacrificed, and serum ALT, AST, albumin, hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN) and procollagen type III (PC-III) levels were measured. The expression of albumin in the liver was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Two weeks after BMSC transplantation, GFP-positive cells were detected in the livers of rats with BMSCs transplanted via the portal vein and tail vein. Compared with pre-transplantation levels, the ALT levels of the groups with BMSC transplantation via the portal vein and tail vein were significantly decreased after two and six weeks of BMSC transplantation (P<0.05), whereas the AST and albumin levels were not significantly different at two weeks after BMSC transplantation in the two groups (all P>0.05). However, the AST and albumin levels were significantly reduced at six weeks after BMSC transplantation (all P<0.05). At six weeks after BMSC transplantation, the serum HA, LN and PC-III levels in rats transplanted with BMSCs via the portal vein or tail vein had decreased significantly (all P<0.05), as compared with the levels prior to BMSC transplantation. BMSCs transplanted via the portal vein and tail vein achieved similar improvements in liver function in rats with liver cirrhosis, which suggests that peripheral venous administration is a convenient and effective route for BMSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Song
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hong Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Song Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Fang Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Juan Xiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Li P, Zhang J, Liu J, Ma H, Liu J, Lie P, Wang Y, Liu G, Zeng H, Li Z, Wei X. Promoting the recovery of injured liver with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) scaffolds loaded with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:603-15. [PMID: 25273546 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are major focus of current research for treatment of liver diseases. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs). Results confirmed that WJ-MSCs isolated in this study could express the typical MSC-specific markers and be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. They could also be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBVHHx) is a new member of polyhydroxyalkanoate family and biodegradable polyester produced by bacteria. PHBVHHx scaffolds showed much higher cell attachment and viability than the other polymers tested. PHBVHHx scaffolds loaded with WJ-MSCs were transplanted into liver-injured mice. Liver morphology improved after 30 days of transplantation and looked similar to normal liver. Concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were significantly lower, and albumin was significantly higher on days 14 and 30 in the WJ-MSCs+scaffold group than in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that liver had similar structure of normal liver lobules and similar size and shape of normal hepatic cells, and Masson staining demonstrated that liver had less blue staining for collagen after 30 days of transplantation. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the expression of the bile duct epithelial cell gene CK-19 in mouse liver is significantly lower on days 14 and 30 in the WJ-MSCs+scaffold group than in the CCl4 group. Real-time RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that WJ-MSCs in scaffolds differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells on days 14 and 30 in the WJ-MSCs+scaffold group. Real-time RT-PCR also demonstrated that WJ-MSCs in scaffolds expressed endothelial cell genes Flk-1, vWF, and VE-cadherin on days 14 and 30 in the WJ-MSCs+scaffold group, indicating that WJ-MSCs also differentiated into endothelial-like cells. These results demonstrated that PHBVHHx scaffolds loaded with WJ-MSCs significantly promoted the recovery of injured liver and could be further studied for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Li
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
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