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Kapellos TS, Conlon TM, Yildirim AÖ, Lehmann M. The impact of the immune system on lung injury and regeneration in COPD. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2300589. [PMID: 37652569 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00589-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a devastating respiratory condition that manifests via persistent inflammation, emphysema development and small airway remodelling. Lung regeneration is defined as the ability of the lung to repair itself after injury by the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cell populations, and becomes impaired in the COPD lung as a consequence of cell intrinsic epithelial stem cell defects and signals from the micro-environment. Although the loss of structural integrity and lung regenerative capacity are critical for disease progression, our understanding of the cellular players and molecular pathways that hamper regeneration in COPD remains limited. Intriguingly, despite being a key driver of COPD pathogenesis, the role of the immune system in regulating lung regenerative mechanisms is understudied. In this review, we summarise recent evidence on the contribution of immune cells to lung injury and regeneration. We focus on four main axes: 1) the mechanisms via which myeloid cells cause alveolar degradation; 2) the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and the production of autoreactive antibodies; 3) the consequences of inefficient apoptotic cell removal; and 4) the effects of innate and adaptive immune cell signalling on alveolar epithelial proliferation and differentiation. We finally provide insight on how recent technological advances in omics technologies and human ex vivo lung models can delineate immune cell-epithelium cross-talk and expedite precision pro-regenerative approaches toward reprogramming the alveolar immune niche to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Kapellos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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2
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Su Y, Huang T, Sun H, Lin R, Zheng X, Bian Q, Zhang J, Chen S, Wu H, Xu D, Zhang T, Gao J. High Targeting Specificity toward Pulmonary Inflammation Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Hybrid Nanovehicle for an Efficient Inflammation Intervention. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300376. [PMID: 37161587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation is one of the most reported tissue inflammations in clinic. Successful suppression of inflammation is vital to prevent further inevitably fatal lung degeneration. Glucocorticoid hormone, such as methylprednisolone (MP), is the most applied strategy to control the inflammatory progression yet faces the challenge of systemic side effects caused by the requirement of large-dosage and frequent administration. Highly efficient delivery of MP specifically targeted to inflammatory lung sites may overcome this challenge. Therefore, the present study develops an inflammation-targeted biomimetic nanovehicle, which hybridizes the cell membrane of mesenchymal stem cell with liposome, named as MSCsome. This hybrid nanovehicle shows the ability of high targeting specificity toward inflamed lung cells, due to both the good lung endothelium penetration and the high uptake by inflamed lung cells. Consequently, a single-dose administration of this MP-loaded hybrid nanovehicle achieves a prominent treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation, and negligible treatment-induced side effects are observed. The present study provides a powerful inflammation-targeted nanovehicle using biomimetic strategy to solve the current challenges of targeted inflammation intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Bian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321002, China
| | - Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321002, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321002, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Yi Y, Xiao X, Hu L, Xu J, Zheng D, Koc HC, Chan UI, Meng Y, Lu L, Liu W, Xu X, Shao N, Cheung ECW, Xu RH, Chen G. Definitive Endodermal Cells Supply an in vitro Source of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:476. [PMID: 37127734 PMCID: PMC10151361 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/Stromal cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials, and they have been isolated from various tissues and organs including definitive endoderm (DE) organs, such as the lung, liver and intestine. MSCs have been induced from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) through multiple embryonic lineages, including the mesoderm, neural crest, and extraembryonic cells. However, it remains unclear whether hPSCs could give rise to MSCs in vitro through the endodermal lineage. Here, we report that hPSC-derived, SOX17+ definitive endoderm progenitors can further differentiate to cells expressing classic MSC markers, which we name definitive endoderm-derived MSCs (DE-MSCs). Single cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the stepwise emergence of DE-MSCs, while endoderm-specific gene expression can be elevated by signaling modulation. DE-MSCs display multipotency and immunomodulatory activity in vitro and possess therapeutic effects in a mouse ulcerative colitis model. This study reveals that, in addition to the other germ layers, the definitive endoderm can also contribute to MSCs and DE-MSCs could be a cell source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ye Yi
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ho Cheng Koc
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Un In Chan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Biological Imaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ningyi Shao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Edwin Chong Wing Cheung
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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4
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Adamič N, Vengust M. Regenerative medicine in lung diseases: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115708. [PMID: 36733636 PMCID: PMC9887049 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has opened the door to the exploration of new therapeutic methods for the treatment of various diseases, especially those associated with local or general disregulation of the immune system. In pulmonary diseases, new therapeutic strategies have emerged that are aimed at restoring functional lung tissue rather than alleviating symptoms. These strategies focus on tissue regeneration using stem cells and/or their derivatives or replacement of dysfunctional tissue using biomedical engineering. Animal health can directly benefit from regenerative therapy strategies and also serve as a translational experimental model for human disease. Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of cellular treatment on inflammatory lung disease in animals. Data reported to date show several beneficial effects in ex vivo and in vivo models; however, our understanding of the mechanisms that regenerative therapies exert on diseased tissues remains incomplete.
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5
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Kruk D, Yeung ACY, Faiz A, ten Hacken NHT, Timens W, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen W, Hof D, Harmsen MC, Rojas M, Heijink IH. Gene expression profiles in mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue and lung tissue of COPD patients and controls. Respir Res 2023; 24:22. [PMID: 36681830 PMCID: PMC9863276 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible lung tissue damage. Novel regenerative strategies are urgently awaited. Cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in experimental models of COPD, but differences between sources may impact on their potential use in therapeutic strategies in patients. AIM To assess the transcriptome of lung-derived MSCs (LMSCs), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSC) and adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) from COPD patients and non-COPD controls. METHODS We studied differences in gene expression profiles between the MSC-subtypes, as well as between COPD and control using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS We show that besides heterogeneity between donors, MSCs from different sources have strongly divergent gene signatures. The growth factors FGF10 and HGF were predominantly expressed in LMSCs. MSCs from all sources displayed altered expression profiles in COPD, with most pronounced significantly up- and downregulated genes in MSCs from adipose tissue. Pathway analysis revealed that the most differentially expressed genes in COPD-derived AD-MSCs are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) binding and expression. In LMSCs, the gene that differed most strongly between COPD and control was CSGALNACT1, an ECM modulating gene. CONCLUSION Autologous MSCs from COPD patients display abnormalities with respect to their transcriptome, which were surprisingly most profound in MSCs from extrapulmonary sources. LMSCs may be optimally equipped for lung tissue repair because of the expression of specific growth factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kruk
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C. Y. Yeung
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB) Group, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XWoolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB) Group, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke Daamen
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique Hof
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Huang S, Li Y, Zeng J, Chang N, Cheng Y, Zhen X, Zhong D, Chen R, Ma G, Wang Y. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Asthma Therapy: Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancement. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231180128. [PMID: 37318186 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231180128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Most asthmatic patients are well-established using standard treatment strategies and advanced biologicals. However, a small group of patients who do not respond to biological treatments or are not effectively controlled by available treatment strategies remain a clinical challenge. Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed for poorly controlled asthma. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential in relieving airway inflammation and repairing impaired immune balance in preclinical trials owing to their immunomodulatory abilities. Noteworthy, MSCs exerted a therapeutic effect on steroid-resistant asthma with rare side effects in asthmatic models. Nevertheless, adverse factors such as limited obtained number, nutrient and oxygen deprivation in vitro, and cell senescence or apoptosis affected the survival rate and homing efficiency of MSCs, thus limiting the efficacy of MSCs in asthma. In this review, we elaborate on the roles and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of asthma from the perspective of their source, immunogenicity, homing, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacity and summarize strategies to improve their therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqing Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yisen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangfan Zhen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Riling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
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7
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Cao C, Zhang L, Shen J. Phosgene-Induced acute lung injury: Approaches for mechanism-based treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917395. [PMID: 35983054 PMCID: PMC9378823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosgene (COCl2) gas is a chemical intermediate of high-volume production with numerous industrial applications worldwide. Due to its high toxicity, accidental exposure to phosgene leads to various chemical injuries, primarily resulting in chemical-induced lung injury due to inhalation. Initially, the illness is mild and presents as coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing; however, within a few hours, symptoms progress to chronic respiratory depression, refractory pulmonary edema, dyspnea, and hypoxemia, which may contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome or even death in severe cases. Despite rapid advances in medicine, effective treatments for phosgene-inhaled poisoning are lacking. Elucidating the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of acute inhalation toxicity caused by phosgene is necessary for the development of appropriate therapeutics. In this review, we discuss extant literature on relevant mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to highlight novel ideas for the treatment of phosgene-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Training Center of Acute Poisoning Treatment Technology of Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Training Center of Acute Poisoning Treatment Technology of Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ting AE, Baker EK, Champagne J, Desai TJ, Dos Santos CC, Heijink IH, Itescu S, Le Blanc K, Matthay MA, McAuley DF, McIntyre L, Mei SHJ, Parekkadan B, Rocco PRM, Sheridan J, Thébaud B, Weiss DJ. Proceedings of the ISCT scientific signature series symposium, "Advances in cell and gene therapies for lung diseases and critical illnesses": International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy, Burlington VT, US, July 16, 2021. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:774-788. [PMID: 35613962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ISCT Scientific Signature Series Symposium "Advances in Cell and Gene Therapies for Lung Diseases and Critical Illnesses" was held as an independent symposium in conjunction with the biennial meeting, "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases," which took place July 12-15, 2021, at the University of Vermont. This is the third Respiratory System-based Signature Series event; the first 2, "Tracheal Bioengineering, the Next Steps" and "Cellular Therapies for Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Illnesses: State of the Art of European Science," took place in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Cell- and gene-based therapies for respiratory diseases and critical illnesses continue to be a source of great promise and opportunity. This reflects ongoing advancements in understanding of the mechanisms by which cell-based therapies, particularly those using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), can mitigate different lung injuries and the increasing sophistication with which preclinical data is translated into clinical investigations. This also reflects continuing evolution in gene transfer vectors, including those designed for in situ gene editing in parallel with those targeting gene or cell replacement. Therefore, this symposium convened global thought leaders in a forum designed to catalyze communication and collaboration to bring the greatest possible innovation and value of cell- and gene-based therapies for patients with respiratory diseases and critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Baker
- Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tushar J Desai
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine and the Keenan Center for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A Matthay
- University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, NI, UK
| | | | - Shirley H J Mei
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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9
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Kim M, Go J, Kwon JH, Jin HJ, Bae YK, Kim EY, Chang EJ, Choi SJ, Kim SW. CD26 Inhibition Potentiates the Therapeutic Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Delaying Cellular Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803645. [PMID: 35178399 PMCID: PMC8846329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized as potential treatments for multiple degenerative and inflammatory disorders as a number of animal and human studies have indicated their therapeutic effects. There are also several clinically approved medicinal products that are manufactured using these cells. For such large-scale manufacturing requirements, the in vitro expansion of harvested MSCs is essential. Multiple subculturing of MSCs, however, provokes cellular senescence processes which is known to deteriorate the therapeutic efficacy of the cells. Strategies to rejuvenate or selectively remove senescent MSCs are therefore highly desirable for fostering future clinical applications of these cells. In this present study, we investigated gene expression changes related to cellular senescence of MSCs derived from umbilical cord blood and found that CD26, also known as DPP4, is significantly upregulated upon cellular aging. We further observed that the inhibition of CD26 by genetic or pharmacologic means delayed the cellular aging of MSCs with their multiple passaging in culture. Moreover, the sorting and exclusion of CD26-positive MSCs from heterogenous cell population enhanced in vitro cell attachment and reduced senescence-associated cytokine secretion. CD26-negative MSCs also showed superior therapeutic efficacy in mouse lung emphysema model. Our present results collectively suggest CD26 is a potential novel target for the rejuvenation of senescent MSCs for their use in manufacturing MSC-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Go
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Bae
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Ma C, Liu Y, Ma Y, Jiang L, Huang Q, Liu G, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu C. Identification and characterization of pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat fetal lung tissue. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101628. [PMID: 34479072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have great potential in lung tissue repair and regeneration, which have been isolated from some mammalian species, including mice, bovine and pig. However, the isolation, characteristics and differentiation potential of rat PMSCs have not been reported. In this study, we successfully isolated PMSCs from Sprague-Dawley rat fetal lung tissue in vitro for the first time and attempted to evaluate its multilineage differentiation potentials. The cultured PMSCs showed typical spindle-shaped morphology and high proliferative potential, and could be passaged for at least 13 passages and maintained high hereditary stability with more than 93.6 % of cells were diploid (2n = 42) by G-banding analysis. Furthermore, the PMSCs could express mesenchymal markers Sca-1, CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90, but not hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45. Besides, the expression of cell markers of AT2 (SFTPC), AT1 (PDPN) and macrophage (CD11b) were also negative. Cell cycle examination revealed majority of the PMSCs were in G0/G1 phase, which are similar with previously reported pig PMSCs. In addition, the PMSCs were multipotent and could differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes and neurons in vitro. Together, the present study demonstrated the stemness and multi-differentiation potentials of rat PMSCs, which conferred a potential regenerative cell resource for cell regenerative therapy of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Ma
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Yingchun Ma
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China.
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China.
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11
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Paracrine Regulation of Alveolar Epithelial Damage and Repair Responses by Human Lung-Resident Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112860. [PMID: 34831082 PMCID: PMC8616441 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by irreversible lung tissue damage. We hypothesized that lung-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSCs) reduce alveolar epithelial damage via paracrine processes, and may thus be suitable for cell-based strategies in COPD. We aimed to assess whether COPD-derived LMSCs display abnormalities. LMSCs were isolated from lung tissue of severe COPD patients and non-COPD controls. Effects of LMSC conditioned-medium (CM) on H2O2-induced, electric field- and scratch-injury were studied in A549 and NCI-H441 epithelial cells. In organoid models, LMSCs were co-cultured with NCI-H441 or primary lung cells. Organoid number, size and expression of alveolar type II markers were assessed. Pre-treatment with LMSC-CM significantly attenuated oxidative stress-induced necrosis and accelerated wound repair in A549. Co-culture with LMSCs supported organoid formation in NCI-H441 and primary epithelial cells, resulting in significantly larger organoids with lower type II-marker positivity in the presence of COPD-derived versus control LMSCs. Similar abnormalities developed in organoids from COPD compared to control-derived lung cells, with significantly larger organoids. Collectively, this indicates that LMSCs' secretome attenuates alveolar epithelial injury and supports epithelial repair. Additionally, LMSCs promote generation of alveolar organoids, with abnormalities in the supportive effects of COPD-derived LMCS, reflective of impaired regenerative responses of COPD distal lung cells.
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12
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Chen XY, Chen YY, Lin W, Chen CH, Wen YC, Hsiao TC, Chou HC, Chung KF, Chuang HC. Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Recovering From Murine Pulmonary Emphysema Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713824. [PMID: 34646841 PMCID: PMC8502916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were shown to have potential for immunoregulation and tissue repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The C57BL/6JNarl mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 months followed by administration of hUC-MSCs at 3 × 106 (low dose), 1 × 107 (medium dose), and 3 × 107 cells/kg body weight (high dose). The hUC-MSCs caused significant decreases in emphysema severity by measuring the mean linear intercept (MLI) and destructive index (DI). A decrease in neutrophils (%) and an increase in lymphocytes (%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed in emphysematous mice after hUC-MSC treatment. Lung levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)/keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 significantly decreased after hUC-MSC administration. Significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-17A in serum occurred after hUC-MSC administration. Notably, the cell viability of lung fibroblasts improved with hUC-MSCs after being treated with CS extract (CSE). Furthermore, the hUC-MSCs-conditioned medium (hUC-MSCs-CM) restored the contractile force, and increased messenger RNA expressions of elastin and fibronectin by lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, hUC-MSCs reduced inflammatory responses and emphysema severity in CS-induced emphysematous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Willie Lin
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19, a Promising Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102588. [PMID: 34685567 PMCID: PMC8533906 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in virtually all tissues; they have a potent self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into multiple cell types. They also affect the ambient tissue by the paracrine secretion of numerous factors in vivo, including the induction of other stem cells’ differentiation. In vitro, the culture media supernatant is named secretome and contains soluble molecules and extracellular vesicles that retain potent biological function in tissue regeneration. MSCs are considered safe for human treatment; their use does not involve ethical issues, as embryonic stem cells do not require genetic manipulation as induced pluripotent stem cells, and after intravenous injection, they are mainly found in the lugs. Therefore, these cells are currently being tested in various preclinical and clinical trials for several diseases, including COVID-19. Several affected COVID-19 patients develop induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with an uncontrolled inflammatory response. This condition causes extensive damage to the lungs and may leave serious post-COVID-19 sequelae. As the disease may cause systemic alterations, such as thromboembolism and compromised renal and cardiac function, the intravenous injection of MSCs may be a therapeutic alternative against multiple pathological manifestations. In this work, we reviewed the literature about MSCs biology, focusing on their function in pulmonary regeneration and their use in COVID-19 treatment.
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14
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Rangasamy T, Ghimire L, Jin L, Le J, Periasamy S, Paudel S, Cai S, Jeyaseelan S. Host Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia Is Augmented by Lung-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1112-1127. [PMID: 34341173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of Gram-negative pneumonia. The spread of antibiotic-resistant and hypervirulent strains has made treatment more challenging. This study sought to determine the immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and therapeutic potential of purified murine stem cell Ag-1+ (Sca-1+) lung mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) using in vitro cell culture and an in vivo mouse model of pneumonia caused by K pneumoniae. Sca-1+ LMSCs are plastic adherent, possess colony-forming capacity, express mesenchymal stem cell markers, differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro, and exhibit a high proliferative capacity. Further, these Sca-1+ LMSCs are morphologically similar to fibroblasts but differ ultrastructurally. Moreover, Sca-1+ LMSCs have the capacity to inhibit LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines by bone marrow-derived macrophages and neutrophils in vitro. Sca-1+ LMSCs inhibit the growth of K pneumoniae more potently than do neutrophils. Sca-1+ LMSCs also possess the intrinsic ability to phagocytize and kill K. pneumoniae intracellularly. Whereas the induction of autophagy promotes bacterial replication, inhibition of autophagy enhances the intracellular clearance of K. pneumoniae in Sca-1+ LMSCs during the early time of infection. Adoptive transfer of Sca-1+ LMSCs in K. pneumoniae-infected mice improved survival, reduced inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and pathological lesions in the lung, and enhanced bacterial clearance in the lung and in extrapulmonary organs. To our knowledge, these results together illustrate for the first time the protective role of LMSCs in bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirumalai Rangasamy
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Liliang Jin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - John Le
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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15
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Klein D. Lung Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:204-216. [PMID: 33167666 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for normal organ homeostasis as well as for functional tissue regeneration after severe injury. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace dysfunctional cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support the repair and healing processes of affected tissues. Recent Advances: Besides epithelial stem and progenitor cells, substantial evidence exists that tissue-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature also exist in adult human lungs. These lung MSCs may function to regulate pulmonary tissue repair and/or regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Critical Issues: Although therapeutically applied MSCs turned out to be a valuable therapeutic option for the prevention of lung diseases and/or the regeneration of diseased lung tissue, the true function of tissue-resident MSCs within the lung, and identification of their niche, which presumably dictates function, remain elusive. Future Directions: A detailed understanding of lung MSC localization (in the potential vascular stem cell niche) as well as of the signaling pathways controlling stem cell fate is prerequisite to unravel how (i) endogenous MSCs contribute to lung diseases, (ii) exogenous MSCs affect the proliferation of endogenous stem cells to repair damaged tissue, and (iii) a potential on-site manipulation of these cells directly within their endogenous niche could be used for therapeutic benefits. This review focuses on the central role of lung-resident MSCs, which are closely associated with the pulmonary vasculature, in a variety of chronic and acute lung diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 204-216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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16
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Samarelli AV, Tonelli R, Heijink I, Martin Medina A, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Castaniere I, Andrisani D, Gozzi F, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Cerri S, Fantini R, Tabbì L, Nani C, Mastrolia I, Weiss DJ, Dominici M, Clini E. Dissecting the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Cause or Solution. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692551. [PMID: 34290610 PMCID: PMC8287856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, characterized by chronic and progressive fibrosis subverting the lung's architecture, pulmonary functional decline, progressive respiratory failure, and high mortality (median survival 3 years after diagnosis). Among the mechanisms associated with disease onset and progression, it has been hypothesized that IPF lungs might be affected either by a regenerative deficit of the alveolar epithelium or by a dysregulation of repair mechanisms in response to alveolar and vascular damage. This latter might be related to the progressive dysfunction and exhaustion of the resident stem cells together with a process of cellular and tissue senescence. The role of endogenous mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) resident in the lung in the homeostasis of these mechanisms is still a matter of debate. Although endogenous MSCs may play a critical role in lung repair, they are also involved in cellular senescence and tissue ageing processes with loss of lung regenerative potential. In addition, MSCs have immunomodulatory properties and can secrete anti-fibrotic factors. Thus, MSCs obtained from other sources administered systemically or directly into the lung have been investigated for lung epithelial repair and have been explored as a potential therapy for the treatment of lung diseases including IPF. Given these multiple potential roles of MSCs, this review aims both at elucidating the role of resident lung MSCs in IPF pathogenesis and the role of administered MSCs from other sources for potential IPF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Heijink
- University of Groningen, Departments of Pathology & Medical Biology and Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aina Martin Medina
- IdISBa (Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Nani
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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17
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Chen YT, Miao K, Zhou L, Xiong WN. Stem cell therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1535-1545. [PMID: 34250959 PMCID: PMC8280064 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow restrictions, is currently one of the most widespread chronic lung diseases in the world. The most common symptoms of COPD are cough, expectoration, and exertional dyspnea. Although various strategies have been developed during the last few decades, current medical treatment for COPD only focuses on the relief of symptoms, and the reversal of lung function deterioration and improvement in patient's quality of life are very limited. Consequently, development of novel effective therapeutic strategies for COPD is urgently needed. Stem cells were known to differentiate into a variety of cell types and used to regenerate lung parenchyma and airway structures. Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to restore the lung function and improve the quality of life in patients with COPD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical research on the treatment of COPD with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aims to update the understanding of the role of MSCs in COPD treatment, which may be helpful for developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tian Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kang Miao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei-Ning Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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18
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Weiss DJ, Segal K, Casaburi R, Hayes J, Tashkin D. Effect of mesenchymal stromal cell infusions on lung function in COPD patients with high CRP levels. Respir Res 2021; 22:142. [PMID: 33964910 PMCID: PMC8106850 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported a Phase 1/2 randomized placebo-controlled trial of systemic administration of bone marrow-derived allogeneic MSCs (remestemcel-L) in COPD. While safety profile was good, no functional efficacy was observed. However, in view of growing recognition of effects of inflammatory environments on MSC actions we conducted a post-hoc analysis with stratification by baseline levels of a circulating inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) to determine the effects of MSC administration in COPD patients with varying circulating CRP levels. Methods Time course of lung function, exercise performance, patient reported responses, and exacerbation frequency following four monthly infusions of remestemcel-L vs. placebo were re-assessed in subgroups based on baseline circulating CRP levels. Results In COPD patients with baseline CRP ≥ 4 mg/L, compared to COPD patients receiving placebo (N = 17), those treated with remestemcel-L (N = 12), demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, and six minute walk distance at 120 days with treatment differences evident as early as 10 days after the first infusion. Significant although smaller benefits were also detected in those with CRP levels ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 mg/L. These improvements persisted variably over the 2-year observational period. No significant benefits were observed in patient reported responses or number of COPD exacerbations between treatment groups. Conclusion In an inflammatory environment, defined by elevated circulating CRP, remestemcel-L administration yielded at least transient meaningful pulmonary and functional improvements. These findings warrant further investigation of potential MSC-based therapies in COPD and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00683722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, 226 Health Science Research Facility, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | | | - Richard Casaburi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Donald Tashkin
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Glassberg MK, Csete I, Simonet E, Elliot SJ. Stem Cell Therapy for COPD: Hope and Exploitation. Chest 2021; 160:1271-1281. [PMID: 33894254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a chronic inflammatory and destructive disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function that can accelerate with aging. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may provide a therapeutic option for this incurable disease because of their antiinflammatory, reparative, and immunomodulatory properties. To date, clinical trials using MSCs demonstrate safety in patients with COPD. However, because of the notable absence of large, multicenter randomized trials, no efficacy or evidence exists to support the possibility that MSCs can restore lung function in patients with COPD. Unfortunately, the investigational status of cell-based interventions for lung diseases has not hindered the propagation of commercial businesses, exploitation of the public, and explosion of medical tourism to promote unproven and potentially harmful cell-based interventions for COPD in the United States and worldwide. Patients with COPD constitute the largest group of patients with lung disease flocking to these unregulated clinics. This review highlights the numerous questions and concerns that remain before the establishment of cell-based interventions as safe and efficacious treatments for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn K Glassberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ.
| | | | | | - Sharon J Elliot
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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20
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Kruk DMLW, Wisman M, Bruin HGD, Lodewijk ME, Hof DJ, Borghuis T, Daamen WF, van Kuppevelt TH, Timens W, Burgess JK, Ten Hacken NHT, Heijink IH. Abnormalities in reparative function of lung-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L832-L844. [PMID: 33656381 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00147.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide crucial support in the regeneration of destructed alveolar tissue (emphysema) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that lung-derived MSCs (LMSCs) from patients with emphysema are hampered in their repair capacity, either intrinsically or due to their interaction with the damaged microenvironment. LMSCs were isolated from the lung tissue of controls and patients with severe emphysema and characterized at baseline. In addition, LMSCs were seeded onto control and emphysematous decellularized lung tissue scaffolds and assessed for deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We observed no differences in surface markers, differentiation/proliferation potential, and expression of ECM genes between control- and COPD-derived LMSCs. Notably, COPD-derived LMSCs displayed lower expression of FGF10 and HGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and decorin protein. When seeded on control decellularized lung tissue scaffolds, control- and COPD-derived LMSCs showed no differences in engraftment, proliferation, or survival within 2 wk, with similar ability to deposit new matrix on the scaffolds. Moreover, LMSC numbers and the ability to deposit new matrix were not compromised on emphysematous scaffolds. Collectively, our data show that LMSCs from patients with COPD compared with controls show less expression of FGF10 mRNA, HGF mRNA and protein, and decorin protein, whereas other features including the mRNA expression of various ECM molecules are unaffected. Furthermore, COPD-derived LMSCs are capable of engraftment, proliferation, and functioning on native lung tissue scaffolds. The damaged, emphysematous microenvironment as such does not hamper the potential of LMSCs. Thus, specific intrinsic deficiencies in growth factor production by diseased LMSCs may contribute to impaired alveolar repair in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M L W Kruk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Wisman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E Lodewijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique J Hof
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Wu G, Chang F, Fang H, Zheng X, Zhuang M, Liu X, Hou W, Xu L, Chen Z, Tang C, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhu F. Non-muscle myosin II knockdown improves survival and therapeutic effects of implanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:262. [PMID: 33708889 PMCID: PMC7940885 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to have some beneficial effects in acute lung injury (ALI), but the therapeutic effects are limited due to apoptosis or necrosis after transplantation into injured lungs. Here, we aim to explore whether Non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) knockdown could enhance BMSCs survival and improve therapeutic effects in ALI. Methods MSCs, isolated from rat bone marrow, were transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to NM-II mRNA by a lentivirus vector. Rats were equally randomized to four groups: the control group was given normal saline via tail vein; the other three groups underwent intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation followed by administration with either normal saline, BMSCs transduced with lentivirus-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) empty vector, or BMSCs transduced with lentivirus-eGFP NM-II siRNA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate lung histopathologic changes and Masson trichrome staining was used to assess lung fibrosis. The myeloperoxidase activity was also tested in lung tissues. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was determined via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene expression was measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. The expression of self-renewal activity and apoptosis-associated proteins were measured by Western blot. Results Transplantation of NM-II siRNA-modified BMSCs could improve histopathological morphology, decrease inflammatory infiltrates, down-regulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and reduce pulmonary interstitial edema. NM-II siRNA-modified BMSCs showed antifibrotic properties and alleviated the degrees of pulmonary fibrosis induced by endotoxin. In addition, NM-II knockdown BMSCs showed slightly better therapeutic effect on lung inflammation when compared with control BMSCs. The beneficial effects of NM-II siRNA-modified BMSCs may be attributed to enhanced self-renewal activity and decreased apoptosis. Conclusions NM-II knockdown could inhibit the apoptosis of implanted BMSCs in lung tissues and improve its self-renewal activity. NM-II siRNA-modified BMSCs have a slightly enhanced ability to attenuate lung injury after LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhang Jiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Fang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhuang
- Clinical BioBank, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Hou
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Mirershadi F, Ahmadi M, Rezabakhsh A, Rajabi H, Rahbarghazi R, Keyhanmanesh R. Unraveling the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in asthma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32933587 PMCID: PMC7493154 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, chronic inflammatory response, and excessive structural remodeling. The current therapeutic strategies in asthmatic patients are based on controlling the activity of type 2 T helper lymphocytes in the pulmonary tissue. However, most of the available therapies are symptomatic and expensive and with diverse side outcomes in which the interruption of these modalities contributes to the relapse of asthmatic symptoms. Up to date, different reports highlighted the advantages and beneficial outcomes regarding the transplantation of different stem cell sources, and relevant products from for the diseases' alleviation and restoration of injured sites. However, efforts to better understand by which these cells elicit therapeutic effects are already underway. The precise understanding of these mechanisms will help us to translate stem cells into the clinical setting. In this review article, we described current knowledge and future perspectives related to the therapeutic application of stem cell-based therapy in animal models of asthma, with emphasis on the underlying therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirershadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51548-53431, Iran.
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran. .,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Yang X, Ma X, Don O, Song Y, Chen X, Liu J, Qu J, Feng Y. Mesenchymal stem cells combined with liraglutide relieve acute lung injury through apoptotic signaling restrained by PKA/β-catenin. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:182. [PMID: 32429994 PMCID: PMC7238586 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ARDS and ALI are life-threatening diseases with extremely high mortality in patients. Different sources of MSCs could mitigate the symptoms of ALI from diverse mechanisms. Liraglutide is an activator of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) that activates anti-apoptotic pathways and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. We mainly compared the effects of human chorionic villus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCMSCs), human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on the treatment of ALI and explored the apoptosis mechanism of combination MSCs of liraglutide. Methods The proliferation of MSCs was detected by MTT assay. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and KGF in MSCs stimulated by LPS and liraglutide. By using flow cytometry and TUNEL assay to compare the apoptosis of three MSCs under the action of LPS and liraglutide, we selected hCMSCs as the target cells to study the expression of apoptotic protein through the PKA/β-catenin pathway. In ALI animal models, we observed the effects of liraglutide alone, MSCs alone, and MSCs combined with liraglutide by H&E staining, cell counting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA assay. Results We demonstrated that LPS attenuates the proliferation of the three MSCs and the expression of GLP-1R. Liraglutide could reverse the effects of LPS; increase the expression of SPC, Ang-1, and KGF; and can reduce the apoptosis of three MSCs through the PKA/β-catenin pathway. In the LPS-induced ALI model, MSCs combined with liraglutide showed a significant therapeutic effect, and hCMSCs combined with liraglutide have advantages in the treatment of ALI. Conclusions The therapeutic effect of combination MSCs of liraglutide on ALI was higher than that of MSCs alone or liraglutide alone, and liraglutide could alleviate the symptoms of ALI by reducing MSCs apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ocholi Don
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20025, China.
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24
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Liao Y, Li G, Zhang X, Huang W, Xie D, Dai G, Zhu S, Lu D, Zhang Z, Lin J, Wu B, Lin W, Chen Y, Chen Z, Peng C, Wang M, Chen X, Jiang MH, Xiang AP. Cardiac Nestin + Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Healing of Ischemic Heart through Periostin-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization. Mol Ther 2020; 28:855-873. [PMID: 31991111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show potential for treating cardiovascular diseases, but their therapeutic efficacy exhibits significant heterogeneity depending on the tissue of origin. This study sought to identify an optimal source of MSCs for cardiovascular disease therapy. We demonstrated that Nestin was a suitable marker for cardiac MSCs (Nes+cMSCs), which were identified by their self-renewal ability, tri-lineage differentiation potential, and expression of MSC markers. Furthermore, compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (Nes+bmMSCs) or saline-treated myocardial infarction (MI) controls, intramyocardial injection of Nes+cMSCs significantly improved cardiac function and decreased infarct size after acute MI (AMI) through paracrine actions, rather than transdifferentiation into cardiac cells in infarcted heart. We further revealed that Nes+cMSC treatment notably reduced pan-macrophage infiltration while inducing macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in ischemic myocardium. Interestingly, Periostin, which was highly expressed in Nes+cMSCs, could promote the polarization of M2-subtype macrophages, and knockdown or neutralization of Periostin remarkably reduced the therapeutic effects of Nes+cMSCs by decreasing M2 macrophages at lesion sites. Thus, the present work systemically shows that Nes+cMSCs have greater efficacy than do Nes+bmMSCs for cardiac healing after AMI, and that this occurs at least partly through Periostin-mediated M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liao
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Gang Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shuanghua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dihan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Bingyuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wanwen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chaoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- The Cardiovascular Center, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong 525200, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Mei Hua Jiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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25
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Möbius MA, Freund D, Vadivel A, Koss S, McConaghy S, Ohls RK, Rüdiger M, Thébaud B. Oxygen Disrupts Human Fetal Lung Mesenchymal Cells. Implications for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:592-600. [PMID: 30562051 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0358oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorate experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Moreover, data from term-born animal models and human tracheal aspirate-derived cells suggest altered mesenchymal signaling in the pathophysiology of neonatal lung disease. We hypothesized that hyperoxia, a factor contributing to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, perturbs human lung-resident MSC function. Mesenchymal cells were isolated from human fetal lung tissue (16-18 wk of gestation), characterized and cultured in conditions resembling either intrauterine (5% O2) or extrauterine (21% and 60% O2) atmospheres. Secretome data were compared with MSCs obtained from term umbilical cord tissues. The human fetal lung mesenchyme almost exclusively contains CD146pos. MSCs expressing SOX-2 and OCT-4, which secrete elastin, fibroblast growth factors 7 and 10, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin, and other lung cell-protecting/-maturing proteins. Exposure to extrauterine atmospheres in vitro leads to excessive proliferation, reduced colony-forming ability, alterations in the cell's surface marker profile, decreased elastin deposition, and impaired secretion of factors important for lung growth. Conversely, umbilical cord-derived MSCs abundantly secreted factors that impaired lung MSCs are unable to produce. Oxygen-impaired human fetal lung MSC function may contribute to disrupted repair capacity and arrested lung growth. Exogenous MSCs may act by triggering the signaling pathways lost by impaired endogenous lung mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- 1 Fachbereich Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.,2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.,3 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Freund
- 1 Fachbereich Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.,2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Arul Vadivel
- 3 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Koss
- 1 Fachbereich Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Suzanne McConaghy
- 4 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Robin K Ohls
- 4 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Mario Rüdiger
- 1 Fachbereich Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.,2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- 3 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,5 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Abstract
As the prevalence and impact of lung diseases continue to increase worldwide, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in lung-regenerative medicine, a broad field encompassing stem cells, cell-based therapies, and a range of bioengineering approaches, offer new insights into and new techniques for studying lung physiology and pathophysiology. This provides a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Applicability to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of recent advances and applications in cell-based therapies, predominantly those with mesenchymal stromal cell-based approaches, and bioengineering approaches for lung diseases are reviewed.
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27
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Lung Tissue Differentially Mitigate Lung and Distal Organ Damage in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e132-e140. [PMID: 29116998 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapies have shown promising effects in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Different mesenchymal stem cells sources may result in diverse effects in respiratory diseases; however, there is no information regarding the best source of mesenchymal stem cells to treat pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and lung tissue would lead to different beneficial effects on lung and distal organ damage in experimental pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN Animal study and primary cell culture. SETTING Laboratory investigation. SUBJECTS Seventy-five Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Wistar rats received saline (control) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (acute respiratory distress syndrome) intratracheally. On day 2, acute respiratory distress syndrome animals were further randomized to receive saline or bone marrow, adipose tissue, or lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 10 cells) IV. Lung mechanics, histology, and protein levels of inflammatory mediators and growth factors were analyzed 5 days after mesenchymal stem cells administration. RAW 264.7 cells (a macrophage cell line) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide followed by coculture or not with bone marrow, adipose tissue, and lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells (10 cells/mL medium). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Regardless of mesenchymal stem cells source, cells administration improved lung function and reduced alveolar collapse, tissue cellularity, collagen, and elastic fiber content in lung tissue, as well as decreased apoptotic cell counts in liver. Bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells administration also reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as apoptotic cell counts in lung and kidney, while increasing expression of keratinocyte growth factor in lung tissue. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells differently modulated the secretion of biomarkers by macrophages depending on their source. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources led to variable responses in lungs and distal organs. Bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells yielded greater beneficial effects than lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells. These findings may be regarded as promising in clinical trials.
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Clinical Application of Stem/Stromal Cells in COPD. STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR LUNG DISEASE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121219 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29403-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive life-threatening disease that is significantly increasing in prevalence and is predicted to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. At present, there are no true curative treatments that can stop the progression of the disease, and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in cell-based therapies provide a platform for the development of new therapeutic approaches in severe lung diseases such as COPD. At present, a lot of focus is on mesenchymal stem (stromal) cell (MSC)-based therapies, mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Despite increasing number of preclinical studies demonstrating that systemic MSC administration can prevent or treat experimental COPD and emphysema, clinical studies have not been able to reproduce the preclinical results and to date no efficacy or significantly improved lung function or quality of life has been observed in COPD patients. Importantly, the completed appropriately conducted clinical trials uniformly demonstrate that MSC treatment in COPD patients is well tolerated and no toxicities have been observed. All clinical trials performed so far, have been phase I/II studies, underpowered for the detection of potential efficacy. There are several challenges ahead for this field such as standardized isolation and culture procedures to obtain a cell product with high quality and reproducibility, administration strategies, improvement of methods to measure outcomes, and development of potency assays. Moreover, COPD is a complex pathology with a diverse spectrum of clinical phenotypes, and therefore it is essential to develop methods to select the subpopulation of patients that is most likely to potentially respond to MSC administration. In this chapter, we will discuss the current state of the art of MSC-based cell therapy for COPD and the hurdles that need to be overcome.
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Hiew VV, Simat SFB, Teoh PL. The Advancement of Biomaterials in Regulating Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:43-57. [PMID: 28884292 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are well-known to have prominent roles in tissue engineering applications. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into every cell type in the body while adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various sources. Nevertheless, an utmost limitation in harnessing stem cells for tissue engineering is the supply of cells. The advances in biomaterial technology allows the establishment of ex vivo expansion systems to overcome this bottleneck. The progress of various scaffold fabrication could direct stem cell fate decisions including cell proliferation and differentiation into specific lineages in vitro. Stem cell biology and biomaterial technology promote synergistic effect on stem cell-based regenerative therapies. Therefore, understanding the interaction of stem cell and biomaterials would allow the designation of new biomaterials for future clinical therapeutic applications for tissue regeneration. This review focuses mainly on the advances of natural and synthetic biomaterials in regulating stem cell fate decisions. We have also briefly discussed how biological and biophysical properties of biomaterials including wettability, chemical functionality, biodegradability and stiffness play their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vun Vun Hiew
- Biotechonology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Binti Simat
- C/o Biotechonology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechonology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Treatment of Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury with Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5976519. [PMID: 30356447 PMCID: PMC6178508 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5976519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in preterm neonates and has no effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of neonatal mouse lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (L-MSCs) on the hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Methods L-MSCs were separated and identified according to the MSC criterions. Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury (HILI) of neonatal KM mice was induced with hyperoxia (FiO2 = 60%) and investigated with pathological methods. Neonatal KM mice were divided into 3 groups (hyperoxia + L-MSC group, hyperoxia + PBS group, and air control group). Mice in the hyperoxia + L-MSC group were treated with L-MSCs at 3, 7, and 14 days after birth. After hyperoxia exposure for 21 days, the lung pathology, Radial Alveolar Count (RAC), CD31 expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were investigated. Results After hyperoxia exposure, the body weight, RAC, CD31 expression, and VEGF expression in the hyperoxia + L-MSC group were significantly better than those in the hyperoxia + PBS group but inferior to those in the air control group significantly. These indicate L-MSCs are partially protective on the lung injury of mice with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Conclusion L-MSCs are helpful for the prevention and treatment of BPD, and endogenous L-MSCs may play a role in the postinjury repair of the lung.
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Lung mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the inflammatory profile of Cystic Fibrosis epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2018; 51:110-118. [PMID: 30076968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent non-hematopoietic stem cells, residing in most tissues including the lung. MSCs have been used in therapy of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the main beneficial effects reside in the anti-inflammatory potential of the released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent reports demonstrate that EVs are effective in animal model of asthma, E.coli pneumonia, lung ischemia-reperfusion, and virus airway infection among others. Despite this growing literature, the EVs effects on CF are largely unexplored. METHODS We treated IB3-1 cells, an in vitro human model of CF, with EVs derived from human lung MSCs under basal and inflammatory conditions (TNFα stimulation). RESULTS We demonstrated here that treatment of IB3-1 CF cell line with EVs, down-regulates transcription and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 under TNFα - stimulated conditions. EVs treatment upregulates the mRNA expression of PPARγ, a transcription factor controlling anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via NF-kB and HO-1. Accordingly, NF-kB nuclear translocation is reduced resulting in impairment of the downstream inflammation cascade. In addition, the mRNA of HO-1 is enhanced together with the antioxidant defensive response of the cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant efficacy of EVs derived from lung MSCs could be mediated by up-regulation of the PPARγ axis, whose down-stream effectors (NF-kB and HO-1) are well-known modulators of these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE EVs could be a novel strategy to control the hyper-inflamed condition in Cystic Fibrosis.
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Seshadri DR, Ramamurthi A. Nanotherapeutics to Modulate the Compromised Micro-Environment for Lung Cancers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:759. [PMID: 30061830 PMCID: PMC6054931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials to modulate the tumor microenvironment has great potential to advance outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Nanomaterials can be used to prolong the delivery time of therapeutics enabling their specific targeting to tumors while minimizing and potentially eliminating cytotoxic effects. Using nanomaterials to deliver small-molecule inhibitors for oncogene targeted therapy and cancer immunotherapy while concurrently enabling regeneration of the extracellular matrix could enhance our therapeutic reach and improve outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this review is to highlight the role nanomedicines play in improving and reversing adverse outcomes in the tumor microenvironment for advancing treatments for targeting both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R. Seshadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Collins JJP, Lithopoulos MA, Dos Santos CC, Issa N, Möbius MA, Ito C, Zhong S, Vadivel A, Thébaud B. Impaired Angiogenic Supportive Capacity and Altered Gene Expression Profile of Resident CD146 + Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Hyperoxia-Injured Neonatal Rat Lungs. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1109-1124. [PMID: 29957134 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common complication of extreme preterm birth, can be caused by oxygen-related lung injury and is characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular development. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have lung protective effects. Conversely, BPD is associated with increased MSCs in tracheal aspirates. We hypothesized that endogenous lung (L-)MSCs are perturbed in a well-established oxygen-induced rat model mimicking BPD features. Rat pups were exposed to 21% or 95% oxygen from birth to postnatal day 10. On day 12, CD146+ L-MSCs were isolated and characterized according to the International Society for Cellular Therapy criteria. Epithelial and vascular repair potential were tested by scratch assay and endothelial network formation, respectively, immune function by mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Microarray analysis was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip and gene set enrichment analysis software. CD146+ L-MSCs isolated from rat pups exposed to hyperoxia had decreased CD73 expression and inhibited lung endothelial network formation. CD146+ L-MSCs indiscriminately promoted epithelial wound healing and limited T cell proliferation. Expression of potent antiangiogenic genes of the axonal guidance cue and CDC42 pathways was increased after in vivo hyperoxia, whereas genes of the anti-inflammatory Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and lung/vascular growth-promoting fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways were decreased. In conclusion, in vivo hyperoxia exposure alters the proangiogenic effects and FGF expression of L-MSCs. In addition, decreased CD73 and JAK/STAT expression suggests decreased immune function. L-MSC function may be perturbed and contribute to BPD pathogenesis. These findings may lead to improvements in manufacturing exogenous MSCs with superior repair capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J P Collins
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marissa A Lithopoulos
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- 3 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Canada .,4 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Nahla Issa
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marius A Möbius
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,5 Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus , Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany .,6 DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD) , Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caryn Ito
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arul Vadivel
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- 1 Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada .,7 Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada
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Paim Á, Cardozo NSM, Tessaro IC, Pranke P. Relevant biological processes for tissue development with stem cells and their mechanistic modeling: A review. Math Biosci 2018; 301:147-158. [PMID: 29746816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A potential alternative for tissue transplants is tissue engineering, in which the interaction of cells and biomaterials can be optimized. Tissue development in vitro depends on the complex interaction of several biological processes such as extracellular matrix synthesis, vascularization and cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, death, and differentiation. The complexity of an individual phenomenon or of the combination of these processes can be studied with phenomenological modeling techniques. This work reviews the main biological phenomena in tissue development and their mathematical modeling, focusing on mesenchymal stem cell growth in three-dimensional scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata Paim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Nilo S M Cardozo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Tessaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil; Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kruk DMLW, Heijink IH, Slebos DJ, Timens W, Ten Hacken NH. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Regenerate Emphysema: On the Horizon? Respiration 2018; 96:148-158. [PMID: 29719298 DOI: 10.1159/000488149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that play a pivotal role in various phases of lung development and lung homeostasis, and potentially also lung regeneration. MSCs do not only self-renew and differentiate into renew tissues, but also have anti-inflammatory and paracrine properties to reduce damage and to support tissue regeneration, constituting a promising cell-based treatment strategy for the repair of damaged alveolar tissue in emphysema. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding the potential of MSCs for the treatment of emphysema. The optimism regarding this treatment strategy is supported by promising results from animal models. Still, there are considerable challenges before effective stem cell treatment can be realized in emphysema patients. It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from the available animal studies, as different models, dosage protocols, administration routes, and sources of MSCs have been used with different measures of effectiveness. Moreover, the regrowth potential of differentiated tissues and organs differs between species. Essential questions about MSC engraftment, retention, and survival have not been sufficiently addressed in a systematic manner. Few human studies have investigated MSC treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, demonstrating short-term safety but no convincing benefits on clinical outcomes. Possible explanations for the lack of beneficial effects on clinical outcomes could be the source (bone marrow), route, dosage, frequency of administration, and delivery (lack of a bioactive scaffold). This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the (pre)clinical studies on MSC effects in emphysema and discuss the current challenges regarding the optimal use of MSCs for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M L W Kruk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H Ten Hacken
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Broekman W, Khedoe PPSJ, Schepers K, Roelofs H, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS. Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Thorax 2018; 73:565-574. [PMID: 29653970 PMCID: PMC5969341 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD is characterised by tissue destruction and inflammation. Given the lack of curative treatments and the progressive nature of the disease, new treatments for COPD are highly relevant. In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. These properties of MSCs provided a rationale to investigate their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases, including COPD. Preclinical models support the hypothesis that MSCs may have clinical efficacy in COPD. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of MSC treatment, thus far they have not provided evidence for MSC efficacy in the treatment of COPD. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Broekman
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Padmini P S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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The Potentials and Caveats of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies in the Preterm Infant. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9652897. [PMID: 29765429 PMCID: PMC5911321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9652897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preponderance of proinflammatory signals is a characteristic feature of all acute and resulting long-term morbidities of the preterm infant. The proinflammatory actions are best characterized for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) which is the chronic lung disease of the preterm infant with lifelong restrictions of pulmonary function and severe consequences for psychomotor development and quality of life. Besides BPD, the immature brain, eye, and gut are also exposed to inflammatory injuries provoked by infection, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. Despite the tremendous progress in the understanding of disease pathologies, therapeutic interventions with proven efficiency remain restricted to a few drug therapies with restricted therapeutic benefit, partially considerable side effects, and missing option of applicability to the inflamed brain. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)—also known as mesenchymal stem cells—has attracted much attention during the recent years due to their anti-inflammatory activities and their secretion of growth and development-promoting factors. Based on a molecular understanding, this review summarizes the positive actions of exogenous umbilical cord-derived MSCs on the immature lung and brain and the therapeutic potential of reprogramming resident MSCs. The pathomechanistic understanding of MSC actions from the animal model is complemented by the promising results from the first phase I clinical trials testing allogenic MSC transplantation from umbilical cord blood. Despite all the enthusiasm towards this new therapeutic option, the caveats and outstanding issues have to be critically evaluated before a broad introduction of MSC-based therapies.
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Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Elastase-Induced Damage in an Animal Model of Emphysema. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9492038. [PMID: 29731780 PMCID: PMC5872595 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9492038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a respiratory condition characterized by alveolar destruction that leads to airflow limitation and reduced lung function. Although with extensive research, the pathophysiology of emphysema is poorly understood and effective treatments are still missing. Evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to engraft the injured tissues and induce repair via a paracrine effect. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the effects of the intratracheal administration of lung-derived mouse MSCs in a model of elastase-induced emphysema. Pulmonary function (static lung compliance) showed an increased stiffness induced by elastase, while morphometric findings (mean linear intercept and tissue/alveolar area) confirmed the severity of alveolar disruption. Contrarily, MSC administration partially restored lung elasticity and alveolar architecture. In the absence of evidence that MSCs acquired epithelial phenotype, we detected an increased proliferative activity of aquaporin 5- and surfactant protein C-positive lung cells, suggesting MSC-driven paracrine mechanisms. The data indicate the mediation of hepatocyte growth factor in amplifying MSC-driven tissue response after injury. Our study shed light on supportive properties of lung-derived MSCs, although the full identification of mechanisms orchestrated by MSCs and responsible for epithelial repair after injury is a critical aspect yet to be achieved.
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Conese M, Beccia E, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Colombo C, Angiolillo A, Carbone A. The long and winding road: stem cells for cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:281-292. [PMID: 29216777 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1413087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic syndrome with a high mortality rate due to severe lung disease. Despite having several drugs targeting specific mutated CFTR proteins already in clinical trials, new therapies, based on stem cells, are also emerging to treat those patients. AREAS COVERED The authors review the main sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), gestational stem cells, and adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of CF. Furthermore, they describe the main animal and human models of lung physiology and pathology, involved in the optimization of these stem cell-applied therapies in CF. EXPERT OPINION ESCs and iPSCs are emerging sources for disease modeling and drug discovery purposes. The allogeneic transplant of healthy MSCs, that acts independently to specific mutations, is under intense scrutiny due to their secretory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The main challenge for future developments will be to get exogenous stem cells into the appropriate lung location, where they can regenerate endogenous stem cells and act as inflammatory modulators. The clinical application of stem cells for the treatment of CF certainly warrants further insight into pre-clinical models, including large animals, organoids, decellularized organs and lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Conese
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Elisa Beccia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy.,b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- c Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- d Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' , San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
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Abreu SC, Antunes MA, Xisto DG, Cruz FF, Branco VC, Bandeira E, Zola Kitoko J, de Araújo AF, Dellatorre-Texeira L, Olsen PC, Weiss DJ, Diaz BL, Morales MM, Rocco PRM. Bone Marrow, Adipose, and Lung Tissue-Derived Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Release Different Mediators and Differentially Affect Airway and Lung Parenchyma in Experimental Asthma. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1557-1567. [PMID: 28425576 PMCID: PMC5689762 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources have differential effects on lung injury. To compare the effects of murine MSCs from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AD), and lung tissue (LUNG) on inflammatory and remodeling processes in experimental allergic asthma, female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline (C). Twenty‐four hours after the last challenge, mice received either saline (50 µl, SAL), BM‐MSCs, AD‐MSCs, or LUNG‐MSCs (105 cells per mouse in 50 µl total volume) intratracheally. At 1 week, BM‐MSCs produced significantly greater reductions in resistive and viscoelastic pressures, bronchoconstriction index, collagen fiber content in lung parenchyma (but not airways), eosinophil infiltration, and levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung homogenates compared to AD‐MSCs and LUNG‐MSCs. Only BM‐MSCs increased IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐γ in lung tissue. In parallel in vitro experiments, BM‐MSCs increased M2 macrophage polarization, whereas AD‐MSCs and LUNG‐MSCs had higher baseline levels of IL‐4, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), and VEGF secretion. Exposure of MSCs to serum specimens obtained from asthmatic mice promoted reductions in secretion of these mediators, particularly in BM‐MSCs. Intratracheally administered BM‐MSCs, AD‐MSCs, and LUNG‐MSCs were differentially effective at reducing airway inflammation and remodeling and improving lung function in the current model of allergic asthma. In conclusion, intratracheal administration of MSCs from BM, AD, and LUNG were differentially effective at reducing airway inflammation and remodeling and improving lung function comparably reduced inflammation and fibrogenesis in this asthma model. However, altered lung mechanics and lung remodeling responded better to BM‐MSCs than to AD‐MSCs or LUNG‐MSCs. Moreover, each type of MSC was differentially affected in a surrogate in vitro model of the in vivo lung environment. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1557–1567
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian C Branco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamil Zola Kitoko
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almair F de Araújo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Dellatorre-Texeira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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New Role of Adult Lung c-kit + Cells in a Mouse Model of Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3917471. [PMID: 28090152 PMCID: PMC5206449 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3917471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction in asthma. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of c-kit+ cells in lung homeostasis, although their potential role in asthma is unknown. Our aim was to isolate c-kit+ cells from normal mouse lungs and to test whether these cells can interfere with hallmarks of asthma in an animal model. Adult mouse GFP-tagged c-kit+ cells, intratracheally delivered in the ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, positively affected airway remodeling and improved airway function. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cell-treated animals, a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 release, along with an increase of IL-10, was observed. In MSC-treated mice, the macrophage polarization to M2-like subset may explain, at least in part, the increment in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. After in vitro stimulation of c-kit+ cells with proinflammatory cytokines, the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and TGFβ were upregulated. These data, together with the increased apoptosis of inflammatory cells in vivo, indicate that c-kit+ cells downregulate immune response in asthma by influencing local environment, possibly by cell-to-cell contact combined to paracrine action. In conclusion, intratracheally administered c-kit+ cells reduce inflammation, positively modulate airway remodeling, and improve function. These data document previously unrecognized properties of c-kit+ cells, able to impede pathophysiological features of experimental airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Mo M, Wang S, Zhou Y, Li H, Wu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell subpopulations: phenotype, property and therapeutic potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3311-21. [PMID: 27141940 PMCID: PMC11108490 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of differentiating into cells of multiple cell lineages and have potent paracrine effects. Due to their easy preparation and low immunogenicity, MSC have emerged as an extremely promising therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine for diverse diseases. However, MSC are heterogeneous with respect to phenotype and function in current isolation and cultivation regimes, which often lead to incomparable experimental results. In addition, there may be specific stem cell subpopulations with definite differentiation capacity toward certain lineages in addition to stem cells with multi-differentiation potential. Recent studies have identified several subsets of MSC which exhibit distinct features and biological activities, and enhanced therapeutic potentials for certain diseases. In this review, we give an overview of these subsets for their phenotypic, biological and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaohua Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, L406A, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, L406A, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, L406A, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghai M Rd, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, L406A, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, China.
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Urbanek K, De Angelis A, Spaziano G, Piegari E, Matteis M, Cappetta D, Esposito G, Russo R, Tartaglione G, De Palma R, Rossi F, D’Agostino B. Intratracheal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Tachykinin System, Suppresses Airway Remodeling and Reduces Airway Hyperresponsiveness in an Animal Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158746. [PMID: 27434719 PMCID: PMC4951036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for new options for chronic lung diseases promotes the research on stem cells for lung repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate lung inflammation, but the data on cellular processes involved in early airway remodeling and the potential involvement of neuropeptides are scarce. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanisms by which local administration of MSCs interferes with pathophysiological features of airway hyperresponsiveness in an animal model. METHODS GFP-tagged mouse MSCs were intratracheally delivered in the ovalbumin mouse model with subsequent functional tests, the analysis of cytokine levels, neuropeptide expression and histological evaluation of MSCs fate and airway pathology. Additionally, MSCs were exposed to pro-inflammatory factors in vitro. RESULTS Functional improvement was observed after MSC administration. Although MSCs did not adopt lung cell phenotypes, cell therapy positively affected airway remodeling reducing the hyperplastic phase of the gain in bronchial smooth muscle mass, decreasing the proliferation of epithelium in which mucus metaplasia was also lowered. Decrease of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-13 and increase of interleukin-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage was also observed. Exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, MSCs upregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Moreover, asthma-related in vivo upregulation of pro-inflammatory neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 2 receptors was counteracted by MSCs that also determined a partial restoration of VIP, a neuropeptide with anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION Intratracheally administered MSCs positively modulate airway remodeling, reduce inflammation and improve function, demonstrating their ability to promote tissue homeostasis in the course of experimental allergic asthma. Because of a limited tissue retention, the functional impact of MSCs may be attributed to their immunomodulatory response combined with the interference of neuropeptide system activation and tissue remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-13/immunology
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Interleukin-5/genetics
- Interleukin-5/immunology
- Intubation, Intratracheal
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Ovalbumin
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/immunology
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/immunology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/chemically induced
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AA); (BA)
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Piegari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Matteis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gioia Tartaglione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno D’Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AA); (BA)
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Collins JJP, Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27340891 DOI: 10.3791/53782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases. Besides the use of bone marrow and umbilical cord MSCs for exogenous cell therapy, there is also increasing interest in the repair and regenerative potential of resident tissue MSCs. Moreover, they likely have a role in normal organ development, and have been attributed roles in disease, particularly those with a fibrotic nature. The main hurdle for the study of these resident tissue MSCs is the lack of a clear marker for the isolation and identification of these cells. The isolation technique described here applies multiple characteristics of lung resident MSCs (L-MSCs). Upon sacrifice of the rats, lungs are removed and rinsed multiple times to remove blood. Following mechanical dissociation by scalpel, the lungs are digested for 2-3 hr using a mix of collagenase type I, neutral protease and DNase type I. The obtained single cell suspension is subsequently washed and layered over density gradient medium (density 1.073 g/ml). After centrifugation, cells from the interphase are washed and plated in culture-treated flasks. Cells are cultured for 4-7 days in physiological 5% O2, 5% CO2 conditions. To deplete fibroblasts (CD146(-)) and to ensure a population of only L-MSCs (CD146(+)), positive selection for CD146(+) cells is performed through magnetic bead selection. In summary, this procedure reliably produces a population of primary L-MSCs for further in vitro study and manipulation. Because of the nature of the protocol, it can easily be translated to other experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J P Collins
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa;
| | - Marius A Möbius
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität, Dresden
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute
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Gien J, Kinsella JP. Management of pulmonary hypertension in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Perinatol 2016; 36 Suppl 2:S28-31. [PMID: 27225962 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a posterolateral diaphragmatic defect results in herniation of abdominal contents into the chest and compression of the intrathoracic structures. In the most severe cases, hypoplasia of the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs, severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and left ventricular (LV) hypoplasia/dysfunction all contribute to increased mortality. The management of PH in CDH is complicated by structural and functional changes in the heart, pulmonary vasculature, airways and lung parenchyma; consequently, determining optimal management strategies is challenging. Treatment of PH in patients with CDH changes as the underlying pathophysiology evolves in the days and weeks after birth. During the early transition, the use of pulmonary vasodilators is limited by LV structural and functional abnormalities, and pulmonary vasodilators such as inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) may have a limited role (for example, stabilization for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), treatment of marked preductal desaturation and treatment of PH as LV performance improves). In contrast, subacute treatment of PH in CDH with iNO has an important role in recurrent or persistent PH and potentially improves survival. Chronic PH and vascular abnormalities may persist into childhood in patients with CDH, contributing to late mortality. It is unclear how pulmonary vasodilator therapies, such as iNO, sildenafil and bosentan, will modulate late outcomes in CDH with late/chronic PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gien
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J P Kinsella
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Savukinas UB, Enes SR, Sjöland AA, Westergren-Thorsson G. Concise Review: The Bystander Effect: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Lung Repair. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1437-44. [PMID: 26991735 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous subset of adult stem/progenitor cells, have surfaced as potential therapeutic units with significant clinical benefit for a wide spectrum of disease conditions, including those affecting the lung. Although MSCs carry both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities, current dogma holds that MSCs mainly contribute to tissue regeneration and repair by modulating the host tissue via secreted cues. Thus, the therapeutic benefit of MSCs is thought to derive from so called bystander effects. The regenerative mechanisms employed by MSCs in the lung include modulation of the immune system as well as promotion of epithelial and endothelial repair. Apart from secreted factors, a number of recent findings suggest that MSCs engage in mitochondrial transfer and shedding of membrane vesicles as a means to enhance tissue repair following injury. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that MSCs are an integral component of epithelial lung stem cell niches. As such, MSCs play an important role in coupling information from the environment to stem and progenitor populations, such that homeostasis can be ensured even in the face of injury. It is the aim of this review to outline the major mechanisms by which MSCs contribute to lung regeneration, synthesizing recent preclinical findings with data from clinical trials and potential for future therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:1437-1444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Blank Savukinas
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lung Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Stem Cell Mediated Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010128. [PMID: 26797607 PMCID: PMC4730369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue turnover of unperturbed adult lung is remarkably slow. However, after injury or insult, a specialised group of facultative lung progenitors become activated to replenish damaged tissue through a reparative process called regeneration. Disruption in this process results in healing by fibrosis causing aberrant lung remodelling and organ dysfunction. Post-insult failure of regeneration leads to various incurable lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, identification of true endogenous lung progenitors/stem cells, and their regenerative pathway are crucial for next-generation therapeutic development. Recent studies provide exciting and novel insights into postnatal lung development and post-injury lung regeneration by native lung progenitors. Furthermore, exogenous application of bone marrow stem cells, embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) show evidences of their regenerative capacity in the repair of injured and diseased lungs. With the advent of modern tissue engineering techniques, whole lung regeneration in the lab using de-cellularised tissue scaffold and stem cells is now becoming reality. In this review, we will highlight the advancement of our understanding in lung regeneration and development of stem cell mediated therapeutic strategies in combating incurable lung diseases.
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Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature within the Process of Vascular Remodeling: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1905846. [PMID: 26880936 PMCID: PMC4736960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1905846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until some years ago, the bone marrow and the endothelial cell compartment lining the vessel lumen (subendothelial space) were thought to be the only sources providing vascular progenitor cells. Now, the vessel wall, in particular, the vascular adventitia, has been established as a niche for different types of stem and progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into both vascular and nonvascular cells. Herein, vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature (VW-MPSCs) have gained importance because of their large range of differentiation in combination with their distribution throughout the postnatal organism which is related to their existence in the adventitial niche, respectively. In general, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace defunct cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support repair and healing processes of the affected tissues. This review will focus on the central role of VW-MPSCs within vascular reconstructing processes (vascular remodeling) which are absolute prerequisite to preserve the sensitive relationship between resilience and stability of the vessel wall. Further, a particular advantage for the therapeutic application of VW-MPSCs for improving vascular function or preventing vascular damage will be discussed.
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Klein D, Schmetter A, Imsak R, Wirsdörfer F, Unger K, Jastrow H, Stuschke M, Jendrossek V. Therapy with Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protects Lungs from Radiation-Induced Injury and Reduces the Risk of Lung Metastasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:53-69. [PMID: 26066676 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous thorax irradiation promotes metastatic spread of tumor cells to the lung. We hypothesized that vascular damage facilitates lung metastasis after thorax irradiation and that therapeutically applied multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with reported repair activity may prevent these adverse effects of ionizing radiation by protecting lung endothelia from radiation-induced damage. RESULTS Previous whole-thorax irradiation (WTI) with 15 Gy significantly enhanced seeding and metastatic growth of tumor cells in the lung. WTI was further associated with endothelial cell damage, senescence of lung epithelial cells, and upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, for example, endothelial matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2), its activator Mmp14, the cofactor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (Timp2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Plau/uPA), and recruitment of CD11b+CD11c- myelomonocytic cells. Inhibition of Mmp2 counteracted radiation-induced vascular dysfunction without preventing increased metastasis. In contrast, therapy with bone marrow or aorta-derived MSCs within 2 weeks postirradiation antagonized radiation-induced damage to resident cells as well as the resulting secretome changes and abrogated the metastasis-promoting effects of WTI. INNOVATION Therapy with MSCs protects lungs from radiation-induced injury and reduces the risk of lung metastasis. MSC-mediated inhibition of Mmp2 mediates their protective effects at the vasculature. Furthermore, local and systemic effects such as inhibition of radiation-induced senescence of bronchial epithelial cells and associated secretion of immunomodulatory factors may participate in the inhibitory effect of MSCs on lung metastasis. CONCLUSION MSC therapy is a promising strategy to prevent radiation-induced lung injury and the resulting increased risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schmetter
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Roze Imsak
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- 2 Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg, Germany and Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- 3 Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- 4 Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a tissue-specific macromolecular structure that provides physical support to tissues and is essential for normal organ function. In the lung, ECM plays an active role in shaping cell behavior both in health and disease by virtue of the contextual clues it imparts to cells. Qualities including dimensionality, molecular composition, and intrinsic stiffness all promote normal function of the lung ECM. Alterations in composition and/or modulation of stiffness of the focally injured or diseased lung ECM microenvironment plays a part in reparative processes performed by fibroblasts. Under conditions of remodeling or in disease states, inhomogeneous stiffening (or softening) of the pathologic ECM may both precede modifications in cell behavior and be a result of disease progression. The ability of ECM to stimulate further ECM production by fibroblasts and drive disease progression has potentially significant implications for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies; in the setting of pathologic ECM stiffness or composition, the therapeutic intent of progenitor cells may be subverted. Taken together, current data suggest that lung ECM actively contributes to health and disease; thus, mediators of cell-ECM signaling or factors that influence ECM stiffness may represent viable therapeutic targets in many lung disorders.
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