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Capitano ML, Sammour Y, Ropa J, Legendre M, Mor‐Vaknin N, Markovitz DM. DEK, a nuclear protein, is chemotactic for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells acting through CXCR2 and Gαi signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:449-456. [PMID: 35137444 PMCID: PMC9541944 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab1120-740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few cytokines/growth modulating proteins are known to be chemoattractants for hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC); stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α/CXCL12) being the most potent known such protein. DEK, a nuclear DNA-binding chromatin protein with hematopoietic cytokine-like activity, is a chemotactic factor attracting mature immune cells. Transwell migration assays were performed to test whether DEK serves as a chemotactic agent for HSC/HPC. DEK induced dose- and time-dependent directed migration of lineage negative (Lin- ) Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) bone marrow (BM) cells, HSCs and HPCs. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that DEK's activity was chemotactic (directed), not chemokinetic (random migration), in nature. DEK and SDF1α compete for HSC/HPC chemotaxis. Blocking CXCR2 with neutralizing antibodies or inhibiting Gαi protein signaling with Pertussis toxin pretreatment inhibited migration of LSK cells toward DEK. Thus, DEK is a novel and rare chemotactic agent for HSC/HPC acting in a direct or indirect CXCR2 and Gαi protein-coupled signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L. Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Yasser Sammour
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nirit Mor‐Vaknin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - David M. Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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2
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Greene AN, Nguyen ET, Paranjpe A, Lane A, Privette Vinnedge LM, Solomon MB. In silico gene expression and pathway analysis of DEK in the human brain across the lifespan. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4720-4743. [PMID: 35972263 PMCID: PMC9730547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DEK, a chromatin-remodelling phosphoprotein, is associated with various functions and biological pathways in the periphery, including inflammation, oncogenesis, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. We recently identified an association between DEK loss and central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's. To understand DEK's potential role in disease, it is critical to characterize DEK in healthy human brain to distinguish between neural DEK expression and function in healthy versus diseased states like dementia. We utilized two public databases, BrainCloud and Human Brain Transcriptome, and analysed DEK mRNA expression across the lifespan in learning and memory relevant brain regions. Since DEK loss induces phenotypes associated with brain ageing (e.g., DNA damage and apoptosis), we hypothesized that neural DEK expression may be highest during foetal development and lower in elderly individuals. In agreement with this hypothesis, DEK was most prominently expressed during foetal development in all queried forebrain areas, relative to other ages. Consistent with its roles in the periphery, pathways related to DEK in the brain were associated with cellular proliferation, DNA replication and repair, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also found novel neural development-relevant pathways (e.g., synaptic transmission, neurite outgrowth, and myelination) to be enriched from genes correlated with DEK expression. These findings suggest that DEK is important for human brain development. Overall, we highlight age-related changes in neural DEK expression across the human lifespan and illuminate novel biological pathways associated with DEK that are distinct from normal brain ageing. These findings may further our understanding of how DEK impacts brain function and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N. Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45267
| | | | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45267
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
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3
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Chen Z, Huo D, Li L, Liu Z, Li Z, Xu S, Huang Y, Wu W, Zhou C, Liu Y, Kuang M, Wu F, Li H, Qian P, Song G, Wu X, Chen J, Hou Y. Nuclear DEK preserves hematopoietic stem cells potential via NCoR1/HDAC3-Akt1/2-mTOR axis. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201974. [PMID: 33755722 PMCID: PMC7992411 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene DEK is found fused with the NUP214 gene creating oncoprotein DEK-NUP214 that induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients, and secreted DEK protein functions as a hematopoietic cytokine to regulate hematopoiesis; however, the intrinsic role of nuclear DEK in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that HSCs lacking DEK display defects in long-term self-renew capacity, eventually resulting in impaired hematopoiesis. DEK deficiency reduces quiescence and accelerates mitochondrial metabolism in HSCs, in part, dependent upon activating mTOR signaling. At the molecular level, DEK recruits the corepressor NCoR1 to repress acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) and restricts the chromatin accessibility of HSCs, governing the expression of quiescence-associated genes (e.g., Akt1/2, Ccnb2, and p21). Inhibition of mTOR activity largely restores the maintenance and potential of Dek-cKO HSCs. These findings highlight the crucial role of nuclear DEK in preserving HSC potential, uncovering a new link between chromatin remodelers and HSC homeostasis, and have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongxiu Huang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiru Wu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengfang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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4
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Guo H, Prell M, Königs H, Xu N, Waldmann T, Hermans-Sachweh B, Ferrando-May E, Lüscher B, Kappes F. Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) identifies a loss-of-function mutant of the DEK oncogene, indicating DNA modulating activities of DEK in chromatin. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1438-1453. [PMID: 33686684 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The DEK oncoprotein regulates cellular chromatin function via a number of protein-protein interactions. However, the biological relevance of its unique pseudo-SAP/SAP-box domain, which transmits DNA modulating activities in vitro, remains largely speculative. As hypothesis-driven mutations failed to yield DNA-binding null (DBN) mutants, we combined random mutagenesis with the Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) to overcome this bottleneck. Re-expression of a DEK-DBN mutant in newly established human DEK knockout cells failed to reduce the increase in nuclear size as compared to wild type, indicating roles for DEK-DNA interactions in cellular chromatin organization. Our results extend the functional roles of DEK in metazoan chromatin and highlight the predictive ability of recombinant protein toxicity in E. coli for unbiased studies of eukaryotic DNA modulating protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Guo
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Malte Prell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nengwei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
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5
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Guo H, Xu N, Prell M, Königs H, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Lüscher B, Kappes F. Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS): harnessing recombinant protein toxicity for rapid and unbiased interrogation of protein function. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1422-1437. [PMID: 33704777 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In two proof-of-concept studies, we established and validated the Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS), which explores recombinant protein toxicity in Escherichia coli as a largely overlooked and alternative means for basic characterization of functional eukaryotic protein domains. By applying BGIS, we identified an unrecognized RNA-interacting domain in the DEK oncoprotein (this study) and successfully combined BGIS with random mutagenesis as a screening tool for loss-of-function mutants of the DNA modulating domain of DEK [1]. Collectively, our findings shed new light on the phenomenon of recombinant protein toxicity in E. coli. Given the easy and rapid implementation and wide applicability, BGIS will extend the repertoire of basic methods for the identification, analysis and unbiased manipulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Guo
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nengwei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou Industrial Park, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Malte Prell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou Industrial Park, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Greene AN, Parks LG, Solomon MB, Privette Vinnedge LM. Loss of DEK Expression Induces Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:594319. [PMID: 33304240 PMCID: PMC7701170 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.594319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the buildup of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary Tau tangles. This leads to decreased synaptic efficacy, cell death, and, consequently, brain atrophy in patients. Behaviorally, this manifests as memory loss and confusion. Using a gene ontology analysis, we recently identified AD and other age-related dementias as candidate diseases associated with the loss of DEK expression. DEK is a nuclear phosphoprotein with roles in DNA repair, cellular proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Work from our laboratory determined that DEK is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in regions relevant to learning and memory, including the hippocampus. Moreover, we have also determined that DEK is highly expressed in neurons. Consistent with our gene ontology analysis, we recently reported that cortical DEK protein levels are inversely proportional to dementia severity scores in elderly female patients. However, the functional role of DEK in neurons is unknown. Thus, we knocked down DEK in an in vitro neuronal model, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, hypothesizing that DEK loss would result in cellular and molecular phenotypes consistent with AD. We found that DEK loss resulted in increased neuronal death by apoptosis (i.e., cleaved caspases 3 and 8), decreased β-catenin levels, disrupted neurite development, higher levels of total and phosphorylated Tau at Ser262, and protein aggregates. We have demonstrated that DEK loss in vitro recapitulates cellular and molecular phenotypes of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lois G Parks
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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7
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Saçma M, Pospiech J, Bogeska R, de Back W, Mallm JP, Sakk V, Soller K, Marka G, Vollmer A, Karns R, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Trumpp A, Méndez-Ferrer S, Milsom MD, Mulaw MA, Geiger H, Florian MC. Haematopoietic stem cells in perisinusoidal niches are protected from ageing. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1309-1320. [PMID: 31685996 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With ageing, intrinsic haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity decreases, resulting in impaired tissue homeostasis, reduced engraftment following transplantation and increased susceptibility to diseases. However, whether ageing also affects the HSC niche, and thereby impairs its capacity to support HSC function, is still widely debated. Here, by using in-vivo long-term label-retention assays we demonstrate that aged label-retaining HSCs, which are, in old mice, the most quiescent HSC subpopulation with the highest regenerative capacity and cellular polarity, reside predominantly in perisinusoidal niches. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sinusoidal niches are uniquely preserved in shape, morphology and number on ageing. Finally, we show that myeloablative chemotherapy can selectively disrupt aged sinusoidal niches in the long term, which is linked to the lack of recovery of endothelial Jag2 at sinusoids. Overall, our data characterize the functional alterations of the aged HSC niche and unveil that perisinusoidal niches are uniquely preserved and thereby protect HSCs from ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Saçma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Pospiech
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruzhica Bogeska
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter de Back
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Chromatin Network, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gina Marka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood & Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Molecular Oncology Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain.
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Capitano ML, Mor-Vaknin N, Saha AK, Cooper S, Legendre M, Guo H, Contreras-Galindo R, Kappes F, Sartor MA, Lee CT, Huang X, Markovitz DM, Broxmeyer HE. Secreted nuclear protein DEK regulates hematopoiesis through CXCR2 signaling. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2555-2570. [PMID: 31107242 PMCID: PMC6546479 DOI: 10.1172/jci127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear protein DEK is an endogenous DNA-binding chromatin factor regulating hematopoiesis. DEK is one of only 2 known secreted nuclear chromatin factors, but whether and how extracellular DEK regulates hematopoiesis is not known. We demonstrated that extracellular DEK greatly enhanced ex vivo expansion of cytokine-stimulated human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and regulated HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) numbers in vivo and in vitro as determined both phenotypically (by flow cytometry) and functionally (through transplantation and colony formation assays). Recombinant DEK increased long-term HSC numbers and decreased HPC numbers through a mechanism mediated by the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR2 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) (as determined utilizing Cxcr2-/- mice, blocking CXCR2 antibodies, and 3 different HSPG inhibitors) that was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and p38 MAPK. To determine whether extracellular DEK required nuclear function to regulate hematopoiesis, we utilized 2 mutant forms of DEK: one that lacked its nuclear translocation signal and one that lacked DNA-binding ability. Both altered HSC and HPC numbers in vivo or in vitro, suggesting the nuclear function of DEK is not required. Thus, DEK acts as a hematopoietic cytokine, with the potential for clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L. Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anjan K. Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haihong Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Contreras-Galindo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher T. Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David M. Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hal E. Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Mendes A, Fahrenkrog B. NUP214 in Leukemia: It's More than Transport. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010076. [PMID: 30669574 PMCID: PMC6356203 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NUP214 is a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) with a key role in protein and mRNA nuclear export. Chromosomal translocations involving the NUP214 locus are recurrent in acute leukemia and frequently fuse the C-terminal region of NUP214 with SET and DEK, two chromatin remodeling proteins with roles in transcription regulation. SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 fusion proteins disrupt protein nuclear export by inhibition of the nuclear export receptor CRM1, which results in the aberrant accumulation of CRM1 protein cargoes in the nucleus. SET-NUP214 is primarily associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), whereas DEK-NUP214 exclusively results in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), indicating different leukemogenic driver mechanisms. Secondary mutations in leukemic blasts may contribute to the different leukemia outcomes. Additional layers of complexity arise from the respective functions of SET and DEK in transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling, which may drive malignant hematopoietic transformation more towards ALL or AML. Another, less frequent fusion protein involving the C terminus of NUP214 results in the sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-NUP214 chimera, which was detected in ALL. SQSTM1 is a ubiquitin-binding protein required for proper autophagy induction, linking the NUP214 fusion protein to yet another cellular mechanism. The scope of this review is to summarize the general features of NUP214-related leukemia and discuss how distinct chromosomal translocation partners can influence the cellular effects of NUP214 fusion proteins in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium.
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium.
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10
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Gong S, Liu W, Zhou X, Sun Y, Qian J, Qu H. Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E'jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29950993 PMCID: PMC6008481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E’jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action in vivo are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin-/c-kit+/Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data were processed based on the differentially expressed genes. The results of the analysis show that each of the three compounds stimulates BMNCs and HSC growth, as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte colony expansion. The most relevant transcriptional changes appeared to be involved in regulation of hematopoietic cell lineage, NF-κB and TNF-α signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and acceleration of hematopoietic cell recovery. Notably, the individual compounds shared similar but specified transcriptome profiles. Taken together, the hematopoietic effects for the three tested compounds of FEJ are confirmed in this myelosuppression mouse model. The transcriptome maps of these effects provide valuable information concerning their underlying mechanisms and provide a framework for the continued study of the complex mode of action of FEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhuping Hong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yangen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wise-Draper T, Sendilnathan A, Palackdharry S, Pease N, Qualtieri J, Butler R, Sadraei NH, Morris JC, Patil Y, Wilson K, Mark J, Casper K, Takiar V, Lane A, Privette Vinnedge L. Decreased plasma DEK Oncogene Levels Correlate with p16-Negative Disease and Advanced Tumor Stage in a Case-Control Study of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:168-174. [PMID: 29289845 PMCID: PMC6002348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and survival upon recurrence and/or metastasis remains poor. HNSCC has traditionally been associated with alcohol and nicotine use, but more recently the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has emerged as a favorable prognostic risk factor for oropharyngeal HNSCC. However, further stratification with additional biomarkers to predict patient outcome continues to be essential. One candidate biomarker is the DEK oncogenic protein, which was previously detected in the urine of patients with bladder cancer and is known to be secreted by immune cells such as macrophages. Here, we investigated if DEK could be detected in human plasma and if DEK levels correlated with clinical and pathological variables of HNSCC. Plasma was separated from the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed, untreated HNSCC patients or age-matched normal healthy controls and analyzed for DEK protein using ELISA. Plasma concentrations of DEK protein were lower in p16-negative tumors compared to both normal controls and patients with p16-positive tumors. Patients with lower plasma concentrations of DEK were also more likely to have late stage tumors and a lower white blood cell count. Contrary to previously published work demonstrating a poor prognosis with high intratumoral DEK levels, we show for the first time that decreased concentrations of DEK in patient plasma correlates with poor prognostic factors, including HPV-negative status as determined by negative p16 expression and advanced tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267.
| | - Arun Sendilnathan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Sarah Palackdharry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nicholas Pease
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Julianne Qualtieri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Randall Butler
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nooshin Hashemi Sadraei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - John C Morris
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Jonathan Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Casper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Lisa Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229.
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12
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Serrano-Lopez J, Nattamai K, Pease NA, Shephard MS, Wellendorf AM, Sertorio M, Smith EA, Geiger H, Wells SI, Cancelas JA, Privette Vinnedge LM. Loss of DEK induces radioresistance of murine restricted hematopoietic progenitors. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:40-50.e3. [PMID: 29288703 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells are responsible for maintaining hematopoiesis throughout an individual's lifetime. For overall health and survival, it is critical that the genome stability of these cells is maintained and that the cell population is not exhausted. Previous reports have indicated that the DEK protein, a chromatin structural protein that functions in numerous nuclear processes, is required for DNA damage repair in vitro and long-term engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the role of DEK in normal hematopoiesis and response to DNA damaging agents in vivo. Here, we report that hematopoiesis is largely unperturbed in DEK knockout mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. However, DEK knockout mice have fewer radioprotective units, but increased capacity to survive repeated sublethal doses of radiation exposure compared with WT mice. Furthermore, this increased survival correlated with a sustained quiescent state in which DEK knockout restricted hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC-1) were nearly three times more likely to be quiescent following irradiation compared with WT cells and were significantly more radioresistant during the early phases of myeloid reconstitution. Together, our studies indicate that DEK functions in the normal hematopoietic stress response to recurrent radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Serrano-Lopez
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kalpana Nattamai
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicholas A Pease
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Miranda S Shephard
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric A Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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13
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Neuroanatomical Distribution of DEK Protein in Corticolimbic Circuits Associated with Learning and Memory in Adult Male and Female Mice. Neuroscience 2017; 371:254-267. [PMID: 29175155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DEK, a chromatin-remodeling gene expressed in most human tissues, is known for its role in cancer biology and autoimmune diseases. DEK depletion in vitro reduces cellular proliferation, induces DNA damage subsequently leading to apoptosis, and down-regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a molecular pathway essential for learning and memory. Despite a recognized role in cancer (non-neuronal) cells, DEK expression and function is not well characterized in the central nervous system. We conducted a gene ontology analysis (ToppGene), using a cancer database to identify genes associated with DEK deficiency, which pinpointed several genes associated with cognitive-related diseases (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia). Based on this information, we examined DEK expression in corticolimbic structures associated with learning and memory in adult male and female mice using immunohistochemistry. DEK was expressed throughout the brain in both sexes, including the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic, infralimbic and dorsal peduncular). DEK was also abundant in all amygdalar subdivisions (basolateral, central and medial) and in the hippocampus including the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), ventral subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Of note, compared to males, females had significantly higher DEK immunoreactivity in the CA1, indicating a sex difference in this region. DEK was co-expressed with neuronal and microglial markers in the CA1 and DG, whereas only a small percentage of DEK cells were in apposition to astrocytes in these areas. Given the reported inverse cellular and molecular profiles (e.g., cell survival, Wnt pathway) between cancer and Alzheimer's disease, these findings suggest a potentially important role of DEK in cognition.
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14
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Li X, Li J, Yang S, Xing X, Fan G, Yokota H, Zhang P. eIF2α signaling regulates ischemic osteonecrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5062. [PMID: 28698612 PMCID: PMC5505953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily results from ischemia/hypoxia to the femoral head, and one of the cellular manifestations is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To understand possible linkage of ischemic osteonecrosis to the ER stress, a surgery-induced animal model was employed and salubrinal was administered to evaluate the role of ER stress. Salubrinal is a synthetic chemical that inhibits de-phosphorylation of eIF2α, and it can suppress cell death from the ER stress at a proper dose. The results indicated that the ER stress was associated with ONFH and salubrinal significantly improved ONFH-induced symptoms such as osteonecrosis, bone loss, reduction in vessel perfusion, and excessive osteoclastogenesis in the femoral head. Salubrinal also protected osteoblast development by upregulating the levels of ATF4, ALP and RUNX2, and it stimulated angiogenesis of endothelial cells through elevating ATF4 and VEGF. Collectively, the results support the notion that the ER stress is an important pathological outcome in the surgery-induced ONFH model, and salubrinal improves ONFH symptoms by enhancing angiogenesis and bone healing via suppressing the ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell fate decision during hematopoiesis is regulated by intracellular and extracellular signals such as transcription factors, growth factors, and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we explore the function of DEK, a nuclear phosphoprotein, on gene regulation. We also examine how DEK is secreted and internalized by cells, and discuss how both endogenous and extracellular DEK regulates hematopoiesis. Finally, we explore what currently is known about the regulation of DEK during inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS DEK negatively regulates the proliferation of early myeloid progenitor cells but has a positive effect on the differentiation of mature myeloid cells. Inflammation regulates intracellular DEK concentrations with inflammatory stimuli enhancing DEK expression. Inflammation-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation is regulated by DEK, resulting in changes in the production of other inflammatory molecules such as IL-8. Inflammatory stimuli in turn regulates DEK secretion by cells of hematopoietic origin. However, how inflammation-induced expression and secretion of DEK regulates hematopoiesis remains unknown. SUMMARY Understanding how DEK regulates hematopoiesis under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions may lead to a better understanding of the biology of HSCs and HPCs. Furthering our knowledge of the regulation of hematopoiesis will ultimately lead to new therapeutics that may increase the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L Capitano
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Çalışkaner ZO, Çakar T, Özçelik E, Özdilek A, Kim AS, Doğan Ö, Bosompem A, Grosveld G, Saka B, Kandilci A. DEK protein level is a biomarker of CD138positive normal and malignant plasma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178025. [PMID: 28558048 PMCID: PMC5448761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of DEK oncogene is associated with increased proliferation of carcinoma cells and it is observed in several solid tumors due to the amplification of the 6p22.3 chromosomal region where DEK locates. Although the same chromosomal amplification occurs in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, whether the expression and the copy number of the DEK gene are affected in MM remains elusive. We show that despite the increased copy number in CD138positive MM cells (4 out of 41 MM samples), DEK mRNA expression was down-regulated compared with that in CD138negative bone marrow (BM) cells of the same patients (P<0.0001). DEK protein was not detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CD138positive normal plasma cells or in malignant plasma cells of MM patients (n = 56) whereas it was widely expressed in normal and neoplastic B-cells. Stable knockdown or overexpression of DEK in CD138positive MM cell lines did not affect the proliferation and viability of the cells profoundly in the presence or absence of chemotherapeutic agent melphalan whereas knockdown of DEK moderately but significantly increased the expression level of CD138 (p<0.01). Decreased DEK expression in plasma cells suggests a potential role of this gene in plasma cell development and lack of detectable DEK protein by IHC could be used as a biomarker for normal and malignant plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihni Onur Çalışkaner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Türkan Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emrah Özçelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdilek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Annette S. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Öner Doğan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amma Bosompem
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gerard Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bülent Saka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Kandilci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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17
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Li J, Yang S, Li X, Liu D, Wang Z, Guo J, Tan N, Gao Z, Zhao X, Zhang J, Gou F, Yokota H, Zhang P. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disuse osteoporosis. Bone 2017; 97:2-14. [PMID: 27989543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease with low bone mineral density, which leads to an increased risk of bone fracture. Salubrinal is a synthetic chemical that inhibits dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To understand possible linkage of osteoporosis to ER stress, we employed an unloading mouse model and examined the effects of salubrinal in the pathogenesis of disuse osteoporosis. The results presented several lines of evidence that osteoclastogenesis in the development of osteoporosis was associated with ER stress, and salubrinal suppressed unloading-induced bone loss. Compared to the age-matched control, unloaded mice reduced the trabecular bone area/total area (B.Ar/T.Ar) as well as the number of osteoblasts, and they increased the osteoclasts number on the trabecular bone surface in a time-dependent way. Unloading-induced disuse osteoporosis significantly increased the expression of Bip, p-eIF2α and ATF4 in short-term within 6h of tail suspension, but time-dependent decreased in HU2d to HU14d. Furthermore, a significant correlation of ER stress with the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was observed. Administration of salubrinal suppressed the unloading-induced decrease in bone mineral density, B.Ar/T.Ar and mature osteoclast formation. Salubrinal also increased the colony-forming unit-fibroblasts and colony-forming unit-osteoblasts. It reduced the formation of mature osteoclasts, suppressed their migration and adhesion, and increased the expression of Bip, p-eIF2α and ATF4. Electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion and a decreased number of ribosomes on ER membrane were observed in osteoblast of unloading mice, and the abnormal ER expansion was significantly improved by salubrinal treatment. A TUNEL assay together with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression indicated that ER stress-induced osteoblast apoptosis was rescued by salubrinal. Collectively, the results support the notion that ER stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of disuse osteoporosis, and salubrinal attenuates unloading-induced bone loss by altering proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts via eIF2α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Zhaonan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jialu Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Nian Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiuguo Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fanglin Gou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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18
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Liu D, Li X, Li J, Yang J, Yokota H, Zhang P. Knee loading protects against osteonecrosis of the femoral head by enhancing vessel remodeling and bone healing. Bone 2015; 81:620-631. [PMID: 26416150 PMCID: PMC4641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a serious orthopedic problem. Moderate loads with knee loading promote bone formation, but their effects on osteonecrosis have not been investigated. Using a rat model, we examined a hypothesis that knee loading enhances vessel remodeling and bone healing through the modulation of the fate of bone marrow-derived cells. In this study, osteonecrosis was induced by transecting the ligamentum teres followed by a tight ligature around the femoral neck. For knee loading, 5 N loads were laterally applied to the knee at 15 Hz for 5 min/day for 5 weeks. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur were measured by pDEXA, and ink infusion was performed to evaluate vessel remodeling. Femoral heads were harvested for histomorphometry, and bone marrow-derived cells were isolated to examine osteoclast development and osteoblast differentiation. The results showed that osteonecrosis significantly induced bone loss, and knee loading stimulated both vessel remodeling and bone healing. The osteonecrosis group exhibited the lowest trabecular BV/TV (p b 0.001) in the femoral head, and lowest femoral BMD and BMC (both p b 0.01). However, knee loading increased trabecular BV/TV (p b 0.05) as well as BMD (pb 0.05) and BMC (p b 0.01). Osteonecrosis decreased the vessel volume (pb 0.001), vessel number (pb 0.001) and VEGF expression (p b 0.01), and knee loading increased them (pb 0.001, pb 0.001 and p b 0.01). Osteonecrosis activated osteoclast development, and knee loading reduced its formation, migration, adhesion and the level of “pit” formation (pb 0.001, pb 0.01, pb 0.001 and pb 0.001). Furthermore, knee loading significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and CFU-F (both p b 0.001). A significantly positive correlation was observed between vessel remodeling and bone healing (both p b 0.01). These results indicate that knee loading could be effective in repair osteonecrosis of the femoral head in a rat model. This effect might be attributed to promoting vessel remodeling, suppressing osteoclast development, and increasing osteoblast and fibroblast differentiation. In summary, the current study suggests that knee loading might potentially be employed as a non-invasive therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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19
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Lohmann F, Dangeti M, Soni S, Chen X, Planutis A, Baron MH, Choi K, Bieker JJ. The DEK Oncoprotein Is a Critical Component of the EKLF/KLF1 Enhancer in Erythroid Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3726-38. [PMID: 26303528 PMCID: PMC4589598 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00382-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how transcriptional regulators are themselves controlled is important in attaining a complete picture of the intracellular effects that follow signaling cascades during early development and cell-restricted differentiation. We have addressed this issue by focusing on the regulation of EKLF/KLF1, a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a necessary role in the global regulation of erythroid gene expression. Using biochemical affinity purification, we have identified the DEK oncoprotein as a critical factor that interacts with an essential upstream enhancer element of the EKLF promoter and exerts a positive effect on EKLF levels. This element also binds a core set of erythroid transcription factors, suggesting that DEK is part of a tissue-restricted enhanceosome that contains BMP4-dependent and -independent components. Together with local enrichment of properly coded histones and an open chromatin domain, optimal transcriptional activation of the EKLF locus can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lohmann
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohan Dangeti
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shefali Soni
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antanas Planutis
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret H Baron
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James J Bieker
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Sandén C, Gullberg U. The DEK oncoprotein and its emerging roles in gene regulation. Leukemia 2015; 29:1632-6. [PMID: 25765544 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The DEK oncogene is highly expressed in cells from most human tissues and overexpressed in a large and growing number of cancers. It also fuses with the NUP214 gene to form the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia. Originally characterized as a member of this translocation, DEK has since been implicated in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, but its role in these processes is still elusive and intriguingly complex. Similarly multifaceted is its contribution to cellular transformation, affecting multiple cellular processes such as self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. Recently, the roles of the DEK and DEK-NUP214 proteins have been elucidated by global analysis of DNA binding and gene expression, as well as multiple functional studies. This review outlines recent advances in the understanding of the basic functions of the DEK protein and its role in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sandén
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - U Gullberg
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Logan GE, Mor-Vaknin N, Braunschweig T, Jost E, Schmidt PV, Markovitz DM, Mills KI, Kappes F, Percy MJ. DEK oncogene expression during normal hematopoiesis and in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 54:123-31. [PMID: 25128083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DEK is important in regulating cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of stem cell phenotype. The translocation t(6;9) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), which fuses DEK with NUP214, confers a poor prognosis and a higher risk of relapse. The over-expression of DEK in AML has been reported, but different studies have shown diminished levels in pediatric and promyelocytic leukemias. This study has characterized DEK expression, in silico, using a large multi-center cohort of leukemic and normal control cases. Overall, DEK was under-expressed in AML compared to normal bone marrow (NBM). Studying specific subtypes of AML confirmed either no significant change or a significant reduction in DEK expression compared to NBM. Importantly, the similarity of DEK expression between AML and NBM was confirmed using immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue mircorarrays. In addition, stratification of AML patients based on median DEK expression levels indicated that DEK showed no effect on the overall survival of patients. DEK expression during normal hematopoiesis did reveal a relationship with specific cell types implicating a distinct function during myeloid differentiation. Whilst DEK may play a potential role in hematopoiesis, it remains to be established whether it is important for leukemagenesis, except when involved in the t(6;9) translocation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/biosynthesis
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E Logan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Jost
- Clinic for Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Pia Verena Schmidt
- Clinic for Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - David M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ken I Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Melanie J Percy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Haematology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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22
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Lee YK, Lee HB, Shin DM, Kang MJ, Yi EC, Noh S, Lee J, Lee C, Min CK, Choi EY. Heme-binding-mediated negative regulation of the tryptophan metabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by IDO2. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e121. [PMID: 25394548 PMCID: PMC4261913 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) are tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes with immunomodulatory functions. However, the biological role of IDO2 and its relationship with IDO1 are unknown. To assess the relationship between IDO2 and IDO1, we investigated the effects of co-expression of human (h) IDO2 on hIDO1 activity. Cells co-expressing hIDO1 and hIDO2 showed reduced tryptophan metabolic activity compared with those expressing hIDO1 only. In a proteomic analysis, hIDO1-expressing cells exhibited enhanced expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and amino acid metabolism, and decreased expression of proteins related to cell survival. However, cells co-expressing hIDO1 and hIDO2 showed enhanced expression of negative regulators of cell apoptosis compared with those expressing hIDO1 only. Co-expression of hIDO1 and hIDO2 rescued the cell death induced by tryptophan-depletion through hIDO1 activity. Cells expressing only hIDO2 exhibited no marked differences in proteome profiles or cell growth compared with mock-transfectants. Cellular tryptophan metabolic activity and cell death were restored by co-expressing the hIDO2 mutant substituting the histidine 360 residue for alanine. These results demonstrate that hIDO2 plays a novel role as a negative regulator of hIDO1 by competing for heme-binding with hIDO1, and provide information useful for development of therapeutic strategies to control cancer and immunological disorders that target IDO molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jueng Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoo Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Waidmann S, Kusenda B, Mayerhofer J, Mechtler K, Jonak C. A DEK domain-containing protein modulates chromatin structure and function in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4328-44. [PMID: 25387881 PMCID: PMC4277211 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a major determinant in the regulation of virtually all DNA-dependent processes. Chromatin architectural proteins interact with nucleosomes to modulate chromatin accessibility and higher-order chromatin structure. The evolutionarily conserved DEK domain-containing protein is implicated in important chromatin-related processes in animals, but little is known about its DNA targets and protein interaction partners. In plants, the role of DEK has remained elusive. In this work, we identified DEK3 as a chromatin-associated protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. DEK3 specifically binds histones H3 and H4. Purification of other proteins associated with nuclear DEK3 also established DNA topoisomerase 1α and proteins of the cohesion complex as in vivo interaction partners. Genome-wide mapping of DEK3 binding sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing revealed enrichment of DEK3 at protein-coding genes throughout the genome. Using DEK3 knockout and overexpressor lines, we show that DEK3 affects nucleosome occupancy and chromatin accessibility and modulates the expression of DEK3 target genes. Furthermore, functional levels of DEK3 are crucial for stress tolerance. Overall, data indicate that DEK3 contributes to modulation of Arabidopsis chromatin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Kusenda
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane Mayerhofer
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jonak
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Theurillat JPP, Udeshi ND, Errington WJ, Svinkina T, Baca SC, Pop M, Wild PJ, Blattner M, Groner AC, Rubin MA, Moch H, Prive GG, Carr SA, Garraway LA. Prostate cancer. Ubiquitylome analysis identifies dysregulation of effector substrates in SPOP-mutant prostate cancer. Science 2014; 346:85-89. [PMID: 25278611 PMCID: PMC4257137 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer genome characterization has revealed driver mutations in genes that govern ubiquitylation; however, the mechanisms by which these alterations promote tumorigenesis remain incompletely characterized. Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. We highlight DEK as a SPOP substrate that exhibited decreases in ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation resulting from heteromeric complexes of wild-type and mutant SPOP protein. DEK stabilization promoted prostate epithelial cell invasion, which implicated DEK as an oncogenic effector. More generally, these results provide a framework to decipher tumorigenic mechanisms linked to dysregulated ubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe P. Theurillat
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Wesley J. Errington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9. Canada
| | - Tanya Svinkina
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sylvan C. Baca
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marius Pop
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, ZH 8091, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Blattner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna C. Groner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, ZH 8091, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert G. Prive
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9. Canada
| | - Steven A. Carr
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Broxmeyer HE, Mor-Vaknin N, Kappes F, Legendre M, Saha AK, Ou X, O'Leary H, Capitano M, Cooper S, Markovitz DM. Concise review: role of DEK in stem/progenitor cell biology. Stem Cells 2013; 31:1447-53. [PMID: 23733396 PMCID: PMC3814160 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that regulate hematopoiesis opens up the possibility of modifying these factors and their actions for clinical benefit. DEK, a non-histone nuclear phosphoprotein initially identified as a putative proto-oncogene, has recently been linked to regulate hematopoiesis. DEK has myelosuppressive activity in vitro on proliferation of human and mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells and enhancing activity on engraftment of long-term marrow repopulating mouse stem cells, has been linked in coordinate regulation with the transcription factor C/EBPα, for differentiation of myeloid cells, and apparently targets a long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cell for leukemic transformation. This review covers the uniqueness of DEK, what is known about how it now functions as a nuclear protein and also as a secreted molecule that can act in paracrine fashion, and how it may be regulated in part by dipeptidylpeptidase 4, an enzyme known to truncate and modify a number of proteins involved in activities on hematopoietic cells. Examples are provided of possible future areas of investigation needed to better understand how DEK may be regulated and function as a regulator of hematopoiesis, information possibly translatable to other normal and diseased immature cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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26
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Yokota H, Hamamura K, Chen A, Dodge TR, Tanjung N, Abedinpoor A, Zhang P. Effects of salubrinal on development of osteoclasts and osteoblasts from bone marrow-derived cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:197. [PMID: 23816340 PMCID: PMC3711788 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease leading to an increased risk of bone fracture. Using a mouse osteoporosis model induced by administration of a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), salubrinal was recently reported as a potential therapeutic agent. To evaluate the role of salubrinal in cellular fates as well as migratory and adhesive functions of osteoclast/osteoblast precursors, we examined the development of primary bone marrow-derived cells in the presence and absence of salubrinal. We addressed a question: are salubrinal’s actions more potent to the cells isolated from the osteoporotic mice than those isolated from the control mice? Methods Using the RANKL-injected and control mice, bone marrow-derived cells were harvested. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor and RANKL, while osteoblastogenesis was driven by dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate. Results The results revealed that salubrinal suppressed the numbers of colony forming-unit (CFU)-granulocyte/macrophages and CFU-macrophages, as well as formation of mature osteoclasts in a dosage-dependent manner. Salubrinal also suppressed migration and adhesion of pre-osteoclasts and increased the number of CFU-osteoblasts. Salubrinal was more effective in exerting its effects in the cells isolated from the RANKL-injected mice than the control. Consistent with cellular fates and functions, salubrinal reduced the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Conclusions The results support the notion that salubrinal exhibits significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis as well as stimulation of osteoblastogenesis in bone marrow-derived cells, and its efficacy is enhanced in the cells harvested from the osteoporotic bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL220, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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27
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Saha AK, Kappes F, Mundade A, Deutzmann A, Rosmarin DM, Legendre M, Chatain N, Al-Obaidi Z, Adams BS, Ploegh HL, Ferrando-May E, Mor-Vaknin N, Markovitz DM. Intercellular trafficking of the nuclear oncoprotein DEK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6847-52. [PMID: 23569252 PMCID: PMC3637753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220751110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK is a biochemically distinct, conserved nonhistone protein that is vital to global heterochromatin integrity. In addition, DEK can be secreted and function as a chemotactic, proinflammatory factor. Here we show that exogenous DEK can penetrate cells, translocate to the nucleus, and there carry out its endogenous nuclear functions. Strikingly, adjacent cells can take up DEK secreted from synovial macrophages. DEK internalization is a heparan sulfate-dependent process, and cellular uptake of DEK into DEK knockdown cells corrects global heterochromatin depletion and DNA repair deficits, the phenotypic aberrations characteristic of these cells. These findings thus unify the extracellular and intracellular activities of DEK, and suggest that this paracrine loop involving DEK plays a role in chromatin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K. Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Amruta Mundade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - David M. Rosmarin
- Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Zeina Al-Obaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Barbara S. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David M. Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Programs in Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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28
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Privette Vinnedge LM, Kappes F, Nassar N, Wells SI. Stacking the DEK: from chromatin topology to cancer stem cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:51-66. [PMID: 23255114 PMCID: PMC3570517 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are essential for development and tissue maintenance and display molecular markers and functions distinct from those of differentiated cell types in a given tissue. Malignant cells that exhibit stem cell-like activities have been detected in many types of cancers and have been implicated in cancer recurrence and drug resistance. Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells have striking commonalities, including shared cell surface markers and signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating quiescence vs. proliferation, self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation. As the search continues for markers that distinguish between stem cells, progenitor cells and cancer stem cells, growing evidence suggests that a unique chromatin-associated protein called DEK may confer stem cell-like qualities. Here, we briefly describe current knowledge regarding stem and progenitor cells. We then focus on new findings that implicate DEK as a regulator of stem and progenitor cell qualities, potentially through its unusual functions in the regulation of local or global chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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29
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Broxmeyer HE. Enhancing engraftment of cord blood cells via insight into the biology of stem/progenitor cell function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1266:151-60. [PMID: 22901266 PMCID: PMC3428743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) transplantation has been used over the last 24 years to treat patients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders. CB has its advantages and disadvantages compared with other sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for transplantation. More knowledge of the cytokines and intracellular signaling molecules regulating HSCs and HPCs could be used to modulate these regulators for clinical benefit. This review provides information about the general field of CB transplantation and about studies from the author's laboratory that focus on regulation of HSCs and HPCs by CD26/DPPIV, SDF-1/CXCL12, the Rheb2-mTOR pathway, SIRT1, DEK, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and cytokines/growth factors. Cryopreservation of CB HSCs and HPCs is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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30
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Lu H, Cui JY, Gunewardena S, Yoo B, Zhong XB, Klaassen CD. Hepatic ontogeny and tissue distribution of mRNAs of epigenetic modifiers in mice using RNA-sequencing. Epigenetics 2012; 7:914-29. [PMID: 22772165 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental regulation of gene expression is controlled by distinct epigenetic signatures catalyzed by various epigenetic modifiers. Little is known about the ontogeny and tissue distribution of these epigenetic modifiers. In the present study, we used a novel approach of RNA-sequencing to elucidate hepatic ontogeny and tissue distribution of mRNA expression of 142 epigenetic modifiers, including enzymes involved in DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, histone methylation/demethylation, histone phosphorylation and chromosome remodeling factors in male C57BL/6 mice. Livers from male C57BL/6 mice were collected at 12 ages from prenatal to adulthood. Many of these epigenetic modifiers were expressed at much higher levels in perinatal livers than adult livers, such as Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Apobec3, Kat1, Ncoa4, Setd8, Ash2l, Dot1l, Cbx1, Cbx3, Cbx5, Cbx6, Ezh2, Suz12, Eed, Suv39h1, Suv420h2, Dek, Hdac1, Hdac2, Hdac7, Kdm2b, Kdm5c, Kdm7, Prmt1-5, Prmt7, Smarca4, Smarcb1, Chd4 and Ino80e. In contrast, hepatic mRNA expression of a few epigenetic modifiers increased during postnatal liver development, such as Smarca2, Kdm1b, Cbx7 and Chd3. In adult mice (60 d of age), most epigenetic modifiers were expressed at moderately (1-3-fold) higher levels in kidney and/or small intestine than liver. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, unveils developmental changes in mRNA abundance of all major known epigenetic modifiers in mouse liver. These data suggest that ontogenic changes in mRNA expression of epigenetic modifiers may play important roles in determining the addition and/or removal of corresponding epigenetic signatures during liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Successful clinical outcomes from transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depend upon efficient HSC homing to bone marrow (BM), subsequent engraftment, and, finally, BM repopulation. Homing of intravenously administered HSCs from peripheral blood (PB) through the circulation to the BM stem cell niches, which is the first critical step that precedes their engraftment, is enforced by chemotactic factors released in the BM microenvironment that chemoattract HSCs. These chemotactic factors include α-chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), the bioactive phosphosphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramid-1-phosphate (C1P), and the extracellular nucleotides ATP and UTP. Stem cells may also respond to a Ca2+ or H+ gradient by employing calcium- or proton-sensing receptors, respectively. In this review, we will present emerging strategies based on ex vivo manipulation of graft HSCs that are aimed at enhancing the responsiveness of HSCs to BM-secreted chemoattractants and/or promoting HSC adhesion and seeding efficiency in the BM microenvironment.
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