1
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Lane EL, Lelos MJ. Defining the unknowns for cell therapies in Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049543. [PMID: 36165848 PMCID: PMC9555765 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
First-in-human clinical trials have commenced to test the safety and efficacy of cell therapies for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Proof of concept that this neural repair strategy is efficacious is based on decades of preclinical studies and clinical trials using primary foetal cells, as well as a significant literature exploring more novel stem cell-derived products. Although several measures of efficacy have been explored, including the successful in vitro differentiation of stem cells to dopamine neurons and consistent alleviation of motor dysfunction in rodent models, many unknowns still remain regarding the long-term clinical implications of this treatment strategy. Here, we consider some of these outstanding questions, including our understanding of the interaction between anti-Parkinsonian medication and the neural transplant, the impact of the cell therapy on cognitive or neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD, the role of neuroinflammation in the therapeutic process and the development of graft-induced dyskinesias. We identify questions that are currently pertinent to the field that require further exploration, and pave the way for a more holistic understanding of this neural repair strategy for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Lane
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Mariah J. Lelos
- School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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2
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Elabi OF, Pass R, Sormonta I, Nolbrant S, Drummond N, Kirkeby A, Kunath T, Parmar M, Lane EL. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Grafts Alleviate L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1881-1896. [PMID: 35466951 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-in-human studies to test the efficacy and safety of human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived dopaminergic cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are imminent. Pre-clinical studies using hESC-derived dopamine neuron transplants in rat models have indicated that the benefits parallel those shown with fetal tissue but have thus far failed to consider how ongoing L-DOPA administration might impact on the graft. OBJECTIVE To determine whether L-DOPA impacts on survival and functional recovery following grafting of hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons. METHODS Unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats were administered with either saline or L-DOPA prior to, and for 18 weeks following surgical implantation of dopaminergic neural progenitors derived from RC17 hESCs according to two distinct protocols in independent laboratories. RESULTS Grafts from both protocols elicited reduction in amphetamine-induced rotations. Reduced L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia preceded the improvement in amphetamine-induced rotations. Furthermore, L-DOPA had no effect on overall survival (HuNu) or dopaminergic neuron content of the graft (TH positive cells) but did lead to an increase in the number of GIRK2 positive neurons. CONCLUSION Critically, we found that L-DOPA was not detrimental to graft function, potentially enhancing graft maturation and promoting an A9 phenotype. Early improvement of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia suggests that grafts may support the handling of exogenously supplied dopamine earlier than improvements in amphetamine-induced behaviours indicate. Given that one of the protocols will be employed in the production of cells for the European STEM-PD clinical trial, this is vital information for the management of patients and achieving optimal outcomes following transplantation of hESC-derived grafts for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Elabi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Pass
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Irene Sormonta
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sara Nolbrant
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Drummond
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma L Lane
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Li X, Fu Y, Gao Y, Shang S, Guo S, Zhou H, Qu S, Ning S. DNA methylation dynamics of long noncoding RNA during human fetal development. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1347-1358. [PMID: 34558967 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine whether the promoters of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) undergo dynamic changes in DNA methylation during fetal development. Methods: ANOVA and the tissue specificity index were used to identify and validate tissue-specific methylation sites. Age-associated DNA methylation signatures were identified by applying the elastic net method. Results: The lncRNA methylome landscape was characterized in four types of fetal tissue and at three gestational time points, and specific characteristics relative to the tissue of origin and developmental age were identified. Higher levels of lncRNA methylation might be involved in tissue differentiation. LncRNAs harboring age-associated methylation signatures may participate in the fetal developmental process. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the role of lncRNA methylomes in fetal tissue specification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shipeng Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuqiang Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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4
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Bono F, Mutti V, Fiorentini C, Missale C. Dopamine D3 Receptor Heteromerization: Implications for Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071016. [PMID: 32659920 PMCID: PMC7407647 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (D3R) plays a pivotal role in the control of several functions, including motor activity, rewarding and motivating behavior and several aspects of cognitive functions. Recently, it has been reported that the D3R is also involved in the regulation of neuronal development, in promoting structural plasticity and in triggering key intracellular events with neuroprotective potential. A new role for D3R-dependent neurotransmission has thus been proposed both in preserving DA neuron homeostasis in physiological conditions and in preventing pathological alterations that may lead to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems. Increasing evidence suggests that, as with the majority of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), the D3R directly interacts with other receptors to form new receptor heteromers with unique functional and pharmacological properties. Among them, we recently identified a receptor heteromer containing the nAChR and the D3R as the molecular effector of nicotine-mediated neurotrophic effects. This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3R, including the capability to form active heteromers as pharmacological targets for specific neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the molecular and functional features of the D3R-nAChR heteromer will be especially discussed since it may represent a possible key etiologic effector for DA-related pathologies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), and a target for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.); (C.F.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0303717506
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.); (C.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.); (C.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Missale
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.); (C.F.); (C.M.)
- “C. Golgi” Women Health Center, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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5
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Characterization and application of electrically active neuronal networks established from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells for neurotoxicity evaluation. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101761. [PMID: 32244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is mediated by a variety of modes-of-actions leading to disturbance of neuronal function. In order to screen larger numbers of compounds for their neurotoxic potential, in vitro functional neuronal networks (NN) might be helpful tools. We established and characterized human NN (hNN) from hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells by comparing hNN formation with two different differentiation media: in presence (CINDA) and absence (neural differentiation medium (NDM)) of maturation-supporting factors. As a NN control we included differentiating rat NN (rNN) in the study. Gene/protein expression and electrical activity from in vitro developing NN were assessed at multiple time points. Transcriptomes of 5, 14 and 28 days in vitro CINDA-grown hNN were compared to gene expression profiles of in vivo human developing brains. Molecular expression analyses as well as measures of electrical activity indicate that NN mature into neurons of different subtypes and astrocytes over time. In contrast to rNN, hNN are less electrically active within the same period of differentiation time, yet hNN grown in CINDA medium develop higher firing rates than hNN without supplements. Challenge of NN with neuronal receptor stimulators and inhibitors demonstrate presence of inhibitory, GABAergic neurons, whereas glutamatergic responses are limited. hiPSC-derived GABAergic hNN grown in CINDA medium might be a useful tool as part of an in vitro battery for assessing neurotoxicity.
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6
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Lane EL. L-DOPA for Parkinson's disease-a bittersweet pill. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:384-398. [PMID: 30118169 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease. It has earned that title through its highly effective treatment of some of the motor symptoms in the early stages of the disease but it is a far from perfect drug. The inevitable long-term treatment that comes with this chronic neurodegenerative condition raises the risk significantly of the development of motor fluctuations including disabling L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Being unsurpassed as a therapy means that understanding the mechanisms of dyskinesia priming and induction is vital to the search for therapies to treat these side effects and allow optimal use of L-DOPA. However, L-DOPA use may also have consequences (positive or negative) for the development of other interventions, such as cell transplantation, which are designed to treat or repair the ailing brain. This review looks at the issues around the use of L-DOPA with a focus on its potential impact on advanced reparative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lane
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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7
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Gemechu JM, Sharma A, Yu D, Xie Y, Merkel OM, Moszczynska A. Characterization of Dopaminergic System in the Striatum of Young Adult Park2 -/- Knockout Rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1517. [PMID: 29367643 PMCID: PMC5784013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in parkin gene (Park2) are linked to early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD) and young-onset sporadic PD. Park2 knockout (PKO) rodents; however, do not display neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, suggesting age-dependent compensatory changes. Our goal was to examine dopaminergic (DAergic) system in the striatum of 2 month-old PKO rats in order to characterize compensatory mechanisms that may have occurred within the system. The striata form wild type (WT) and PKO Long Evans male rats were assessed for the levels of DAergic markers, for monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities and levels, and for the levels of their respective preferred substrates, serotonin (5-HT) and ß-phenylethylamine (ß-PEA). The PKO rats displayed lower activities of MAOs and higher levels of ß-PEA in the striatum than their WT counterparts. Decreased levels of ß-PEA receptor, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR-1), and postsynaptic DA D2 (D2L) receptor accompanied these alterations. Drug-naive PKO rats displayed normal locomotor activity; however, they displayed decreased locomotor response to a low dose of psychostimulant methamphetamine, suggesting altered DAergic neurotransmission in the striatum when challenged with an indirect agonist. Altogether, our findings suggest that 2 month-old PKO male rats have altered DAergic and trace aminergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jickssa M Gemechu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Akhil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuran Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Boston Biomedical Inc., Allston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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Sun CY, Sun C, Cheng R, Shi S, Han Y, Li XQ, Zhi JX, Li FF, Liu SL. Rs2459976 in ZW10 gene associated with congenital heart diseases in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3867-3874. [PMID: 29423089 PMCID: PMC5790506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are a large group of prevalent and complex anatomic malformations of the heart, with the genetic basis remaining largely unknown. Since genes or factors associated with the differentiation of human embryonic stem (HES) cells would affect the development of all embryonic tissues, including cardiac progenitor cells, we postulated their potential roles in CHD. In this study, we focused on ZW10, a kinetochore protein involved in the process of proper chromosome segregation, and conducted comparative studies between CHD patients and normal controls matched in gender and age in Chinese Han populations. We identified three variations in the ZW10 gene, including rs2885987, rs2271261 and rs2459976, which all had high genetic heterozygosity. Association analysis of these genetic variations with CHD showed correlation between rs2459976 and the risk of CHD. We conclude that rs2459976 in the ZW10 gene is associated with CHD in Chinese Han populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Sun
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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9
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Fedele S, Collo G, Behr K, Bischofberger J, Müller S, Kunath T, Christensen K, Gündner AL, Graf M, Jagasia R, Taylor V. Expansion of human midbrain floor plate progenitors from induced pluripotent stem cells increases dopaminergic neuron differentiation potential. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6036. [PMID: 28729666 PMCID: PMC5519680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable to study developmental processes and disease mechanisms particularly in the brain. hiPSCs can be differentiated into mature and functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Having robust protocols for the generation of differentiated DA neurons from pluripotent cells is a prerequisite for the use of hiPSCs to study disease mechanisms, for drug discovery, and eventually for cell replacement therapy. Here, we describe a protocol for generating and expanding large numbers of homogeneous midbrain floor plate progenitors (mFPPs) that retain efficient DA neurogenic potential over multiple passages and can be cryobanked. We demonstrate that expanded mFPPs have increased DA neuron potential and differentiate more efficiently and rapidly than progenitors generated by standard protocols. In addition, this novel method results in increased numbers of DA neurons that in vitro show characteristic electrophysiological properties of nigrostriatal DA neurons, produce high levels of dopamine, and integrate into host mice when grafted in vivo. Thus, we describe a robust method for producing human mesencephalic DA neurons from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fedele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katharina Behr
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Bischofberger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Müller
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH93JQ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Christensen
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lisa Gündner
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Graf
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Role of Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors in Development, Plasticity, and Neuroprotection in Human iPSC-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1054-1067. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Bono F, Fiorentini C. Exploring pre-degenerative alterations in humans using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1068-1070. [PMID: 28852384 PMCID: PMC5558481 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of, Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of, Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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12
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Tristán-Noguero A, Díez H, Jou C, Pineda M, Ormazábal A, Sánchez A, Artuch R, Garcia-Cazorla À. Study of a fetal brain affected by a severe form of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, a rare cause of early parkinsonism. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:705-9. [PMID: 26686676 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency is an inborn error of dopamine synthesis. Two clinical phenotypes have been described. The THD "B" phenotype produces a severe encephalopathy of early-onset with sub-optimal L-Dopa response, whereas the "A" phenotype has a better L-Dopa response and outcome. The objective of the study is to describe the expression of key synaptic proteins and neurodevelopmental markers in a fetal brain of THD "B" phenotype. The brain of a 16-week-old miscarried human fetus was dissected in different brain areas and frozen until the analysis. TH gene study revealed the p.R328W/p.T399M mutations, the same mutations that produced a B phenotype in her sister. After protein extraction, western blot analyses were performed to assess protein expression. The results were compared to an age-matched control. We observed a decreased expression in TH and in other dopaminergic proteins, such as VMAT 1 and 2 and dopamine receptors, especially D2DR. GABAergic and glutamatergic proteins such as GABA VT, NMDAR1 and calbindin were also altered. Developmental markers for synapses, axons and dendrites were decreased whereas markers of neuronal volume were preserved. Although this is an isolated case, this brain sample is unique and corresponds to the first reported study of a THD brain. It provides interesting information about the influence of dopamine as a regulator of other neurotransmitter systems, brain development and movement disorders with origin at the embryological state. This study could also contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of THD at early fetal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tristán-Noguero
- Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (FSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Díez
- Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (FSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pineda
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950,, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazábal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Sánchez
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular and IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Àngels Garcia-Cazorla
- Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (FSJD), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950,, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Calcium signaling in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:117-23. [PMID: 26922096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells provide new tools for developmental and pharmacological studies as well as for regenerative medicine applications. Calcium homeostasis and ligand-dependent calcium signaling are key components of major cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Interestingly, these phenomena have not been characterized in detail as yet in pluripotent human cell sates. Here we review the methods applicable for studying both short- and long-term calcium responses, focusing on the expression of fluorescent calcium indicator proteins and imaging methods as applied in pluripotent human stem cells. We discuss the potential regulatory pathways involving calcium responses in hPS cells and compare these to the implicated pathways in mouse PS cells. A recent development in the stem cell field is the recognition of so called "naïve" states, resembling the earliest potential forms of stem cells during development, as well as the "fuzzy" stem cells, which may be alternative forms of pluripotent cell types, therefore we also discuss the potential role of calcium homeostasis in these PS cell types.
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5-HT2 receptors mediate functional modulation of GABAa receptors and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in human iPS-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20033. [PMID: 26837719 PMCID: PMC4738270 DOI: 10.1038/srep20033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitors differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) hold potentials for treating neurological diseases. Serotonin has potent effects on neuronal functions through multiple receptors, underlying a variety of neural disorders. Glutamate and GABA receptors have been proven functional in neurons differentiated from iPS, however, little is known about 5-HT receptor-mediated modulation in such neuronal networks. In the present study, human iPS were differentiated into cells possessing featured physiological properties of cortical neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to examine the involvement of 5-HT2 receptors in functional modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission. We found that serotonin and DOI (a selective agonist of 5-HT2A/C receptor) reversibly reduced GABA-activated currents, and this 5-HT2A/C receptor mediated inhibition required G protein, PLC, PKC, and Ca2+ signaling. Serotonin increased the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), which could be mimicked by α-methylserotonin, a 5-HT2 receptor agonist. In contrast, DOI reduced both frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs. These findings suggested that in iPS-derived human neurons serotonin postsynaptically reduced GABAa receptor function through 5-HT2A/C receptors, but presynaptically other 5-HT2 receptors counteracted the action of 5-HT2A/C receptors. Functional expression of serotonin receptors in human iPS-derived neurons provides a pre-requisite for their normal behaviors after grafting.
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Li FF, Han Y, Shi S, Li X, Zhu XD, Zhou J, Shao QL, Li XQ, Liu SL. Characterization of Transcriptional Repressor Gene MSX1 Variations for Possible Associations with Congenital Heart Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142666. [PMID: 26556783 PMCID: PMC4640503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human heart consists of several cell types with distinct lineage origins. Interactions between these cardiac progenitors are very important for heart formation. The muscle segment homeobox gene family plays a key role in the cell morphogenesis and growth, controlled cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, but the relationships between the genetic abnormalities and CHD phenotypes still remain largely unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in MSX1 and MSX2 for their possible associations with CHD. Methods We sequenced the MSX1 and MSX2 genes for 300 Chinese Han CHD patients and 400 normal controls and identified the variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-Square Tests as implemented in SPSS (version 19.0). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of the population was carried out using the online software OEGE. Results Six variations rs4647952, rs2048152, rs4242182, rs61739543, rs111542301 and rs3087539 were identified in the MSX2 gene, but the genetic heterozygosity of those SNPs was very low. In contrast, the genetic heterozygosity of two variations rs3821949 near the 5’UTR and rs12532 within 3’UTR of the MSX1 gene was considerably high. Statistical analyses showed that rs3821949 and rs12532 were associated with the risk of CHD (specifically VSD). Conclusions The SNPs rs3821949 and rs12532 in the MSX1 gene were associated with CHD in Chinese Han populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Feng Li
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi-Dong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Intensive care unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Liang Shao
- Department of Neonatalogy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (S-LL); (X-QL)
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail: (S-LL); (X-QL)
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He M, Liu J, Cheng S, Xing Y, Suo WZ. Differentiation renders susceptibility to excitotoxicity in HT22 neurons. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1297-306. [PMID: 25206424 PMCID: PMC4107644 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.14.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HT22 is an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line that does not express cholinergic and glutamate receptors like mature hippocampal neurons in vivo. This in part prevents its use as a model for mature hippocampal neurons in memory-related studies. We now report that HT22 cells were appropriately induced to differentiate and possess properties similar to those of mature hippocampal neurons in vivo, such as becoming more glutamate-receptive and excitatory. Results showed that sensitivity of HT22 cells to glutamate-induced toxicity changed dramatically when comparing undifferentiated with differentiated cells, with the half-effective concentration for differentiated cells reducing approximately two orders of magnitude. Moreover, glutamate-induced toxicity in differentiated cells, but not undifferentiated cells, was inhibited by the N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor antagonists MK-801 and memantine. Evidently, differentiated HT22 cells expressed N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, while undifferentiated cells did not. Our experimental findings indicated that differentiation is important for immortalized cell lines to render post-mitotic neuronal properties, and that differentiated HT22 neurons represent a better model of hippocampal neurons than undifferentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China ; Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease & Aging Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, MO 64128, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China ; Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease & Aging Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, MO 64128, USA
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease & Aging Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, MO 64128, USA
| | - Yigang Xing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - William Z Suo
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease & Aging Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, MO 64128, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS 66170, USA ; Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS 66170, USA
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Needhamsen M, White RB, Giles KM, Dunlop SA, Thomas MG. Regulation of Human PAX6 Expression by miR-7. Evol Bioinform Online 2014; 10:107-13. [PMID: 25089088 PMCID: PMC4116382 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired box gene 6 (PAX6) is a powerful mediator of eye and brain organogenesis whose spatiotemporal expression is exquisitely controlled by multiple mechanisms, including post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). In the present study, we use bioinformatic predictions to identify three candidate microRNA-7 (miR-7) target sites in the human PAX6 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and demonstrate that two of them are functionally active in a human cell line. Furthermore, transient transfection of cells with synthetic miR-7 inhibits PAX6 protein expression but does not alter levels of PAX6 mRNA, suggesting that miR-7 induces translational repression of PAX6. Finally, a comparison of PAX6 3′-UTRs across species reveals that one of the functional miR-7 target sites is conserved, whereas the second functional target site is found only in primates. Thus, the interaction between PAX6 and miR-7 appears to be highly conserved; however, the precise number of sites through which this interaction occurs may have expanded throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Needhamsen
- Parkinson's Centre (ParkC), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. ; Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences (EaRN), School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert B White
- Parkinson's Centre (ParkC), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. ; Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences (EaRN), School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. ; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keith M Giles
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences (EaRN), School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meghan G Thomas
- Parkinson's Centre (ParkC), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. ; Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences (EaRN), School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Involvement of dopamine receptors within the dorsal hippocampus in suppression of the formalin-induced orofacial pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 114-115:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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