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Deng J, Sun C, Zheng Y, Gao J, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang P. In vivo imaging of the neuronal response to spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:811-817. [PMID: 37843216 PMCID: PMC10664102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the neuronal response to injury in the spinal cord is essential for exploring treatment strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, this subject has been neglected in part because appropriate tools are lacking. Emerging in vivo imaging and labeling methods offer great potential for observing dynamic neural processes in the central nervous system in conditions of health and disease. This review first discusses in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord with a focus on the latest imaging techniques, and then analyzes the dynamic biological response of spinal cord sensory and motor neurons to SCI. We then summarize and compare the techniques behind these studies and clarify the advantages of in vivo imaging compared with traditional neuroscience examinations. Finally, we identify the challenges and possible solutions for spinal cord neuron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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2
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Ovsepian SV, O'Leary VB, Martinez S. Selective vulnerability of motor neuron types and functional groups to degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: review of the neurobiological mechanisms and functional correlates. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1-14. [PMID: 37999738 PMCID: PMC10827929 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterised by a progressive loss of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle activity. The disease manifests through a variety of motor dysfunctions related to the extent of damage and loss of neurons at different anatomical locations. Despite extensive research, it remains unclear why some motor neurons are especially susceptible to the disease, while others are affected less or even spared. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms, neurochemical profiles, and morpho-functional characteristics of various motor neuron groups and types of motor units implicated in their differential exposure to degeneration. We discuss specific cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and extrinsic factors influencing the vulnerability gradient of motor units and motor neuron types to ALS, with their impact on disease manifestation, course, and prognosis, as revealed in preclinical and clinical studies. We consider the outstanding challenges and emerging opportunities for interpreting the phenotypic and mechanistic variability of the disease to identify targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, Avda. Ramon y Cajal, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Sharma A, Sane H, Paranjape A, Varghese R, Nair V, Biju H, Sawant D, Gokulchandran N, Badhe P. Improved survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients following autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy: a long term 10-year retrospective study. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2021.9040010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Promising results from previous studies using cell therapy have paved the way for an innovative treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There is considerable evidence of immune and inflammatory abnormalities in ALS. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and could contribute to slowing of disease progression. Objective: Aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term effect of autologous BMMNCs combined with standard treatment on survival duration in a large population and to evaluate effect of type of onset and hormonal status on survival duration in the intervention group. Methods: This controlled, retrospective study spanned over 10 years, 5 months; included 216 patients with probable or definite ALS, 150 in intervention group receiving autologous BMMNCs and standard treatment, and 66 in control group receiving only standard treatment. The estimated survival duration of control group and intervention group was computed and compared using Kaplan Meier analysis. Survival duration of patients with different types of onset and hormonal status was compared within the intervention group. Results: None of the patients reported any major adverse events related to cell administration or the procedure. Kaplan Meier analysis estimated survival duration in the intervention group to be 91.7 months while 49.7 months in the control group (p = 0.008). Within the intervention group, estimated survival was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in patients with limb onset (102.3 months) vs. bulbar onset (49.9 months); premenopausal women (93.1 months) vs. postmenopausal women (57.6 months) (p = 0.002); and preandropausal men (153.7 months) vs. postandropausal males (56.5 months) (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Cell therapy using autologous BMMNCs along with standard treatment offers a promising and safe option for ALS with the potential of long term beneficial effect and increased survival. Limb onset patients, premenopausal women and men ≤ 40 years of age demonstrated better treatment efficacy.
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Geijo-Barrientos E, Pastore-Olmedo C, De Mingo P, Blanquer M, Gómez Espuch J, Iniesta F, Iniesta NG, García-Hernández A, Martín-Estefanía C, Barrios L, Moraleda JM, Martínez S. Intramuscular Injection of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:195. [PMID: 32265627 PMCID: PMC7105864 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies suggest that stem cells may be a valuable therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it has been demonstrated that there are molecular changes at the end-plate during the early stages of motorneuron degeneration in animal models, we hypothesize that the local effect of this stem cell delivery method could slow the progressive loss of motor units (MUs) in ALS patients. Methods We designed a Phase I/II clinical trial to study the safety of intramuscularly implanting autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), including stem cells, in ALS patients and their possible effects on the MU of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Twenty-two patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that consisted of a baseline visit followed by one intramuscular injection of BMNCs, follow-up visits at 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, and an additional year of clinical follow-up. In each patient, one TA muscle was injected with a single dose of BMMCs while the contralateral muscle was given a placebo; the sides were selected randomly. All visits included a complete EMG study of both TA muscles. Results Our results show that (1) the intramuscular injection of BMMCs is a safe procedure; (2) ALS patients show heterogeneities in the degree of TA injury; (3) a comparison of placebo-injected muscles with BMMC-injected muscles showed significant differences in only one parameter, the D50 index used to quantify the Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan curve. This parameter was higher in the BMMC-injected TA muscle at both 90 days (placebo side: 29.55 ± 2.89, n = 20; experimental side: 39.25 ± 3.21, n = 20; p < 0.01) and 180 days (placebo side: 29.35 ± 3.29, n = 17; experimental side: 41.24 ± 3.34, n = 17; p < 0.01). Conclusion This procedure had no effect on the TA muscle MU properties, with the exception of the D50 index. Finding differences in just this index supports the fact that it may be much more sensitive than other electrophysiological parameters when studying treatment effects. Given the low number of patients and their heterogeneity, these results justify exploring the efficacy of this procedure in further patients and other muscles, through Phase II trials. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02286011); EudraCT number 2011-004801-25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Pastore-Olmedo
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Neurophysiology Service, San Juan University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro De Mingo
- Service of Clinical Neurophysiology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gómez Espuch
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Iniesta
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia García Iniesta
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Hernández
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Barrios
- Department of Applied Statistics, SGAI-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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Martínez-Muriana A, Pastor D, Mancuso R, Rando A, Osta R, Martínez S, López-Vales R, Navarro X. Combined intramuscular and intraspinal transplant of bone marrow cells improves neuromuscular function in the SOD1 G93A mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:53. [PMID: 32033585 PMCID: PMC7006400 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The simultaneous contribution of several etiopathogenic disturbances makes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) a fatal and challenging disease. Here, we studied two different cell therapy protocols to protect both central and peripheral nervous system in a murine model of ALS. Methods Since ALS begins with a distal axonopathy, in a first assay, we performed injection of bone marrow cells into two hindlimb muscles of transgenic SOD1G93A mice. In a second study, we combined intramuscular and intraspinal injection of bone marrow cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to assess the survival of the transplanted cells into the injected tissues. The mice were assessed from 8 to 16 weeks of age by means of locomotion and electrophysiological tests. After follow-up, the spinal cord was processed for analysis of motoneuron survival and glial cell reactivity. Results We found that, after intramuscular injection, bone marrow cells were able to engraft within the muscle. However, bone marrow cell intramuscular injection failed to promote a general therapeutic effect. In the second approach, we found that bone marrow cells had limited survival in the spinal cord, but this strategy significantly improved motor outcomes. Moreover, we also found that the dual cell therapy tended to preserve spinal motoneurons at late stages of the disease and to reduce microgliosis, although this did not prolong mice survival. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that targeting more than one affected area of the motor system at once with bone marrow cell therapy results in a valuable therapeutic intervention for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martínez-Muriana
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Deportiva, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaya Rando
- Laboratory of Genetic Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Health Research Institute of Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratory of Genetic Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Health Research Institute of Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rubèn López-Vales
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain. .,Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Zhu Q, Lu P. Stem Cell Transplantation for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1266:71-97. [PMID: 33105496 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuronal degeneration disease, in which the death of motor neurons causes lost control of voluntary muscles. The consequence is weakness of muscles with a wide range of disabilities and eventually death. Most patients died within 5 years after diagnosis, and there is no cure for this devastating neurodegenerative disease up to date. Stem cells, including non-neural stem cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural progenitor cells (NPCs), are very attractive cell sources for potential neuroprotection and motor neuron replacement therapy which bases on the idea that transplant-derived and newly differentiated motor neurons can replace lost motor neurons to re-establish voluntary motor control of muscles in ALS. Our recent studies show that transplanted NSCs or NPCs not only survive well in injured spinal cord, but also function as neuronal relays to receive regenerated host axonal connection and extend their own axons to host for connectivity, including motor axons in ventral root. This reciprocal connection between host neurons and transplanted neurons provides a strong rationale for neuronal replacement therapy for ALS to re-establish voluntary motor control of muscles. In addition, a variety of new stem cell resources and the new methodologies to generate NSCs or motor neuron-specific progenitor cells have been discovered and developed. Together, it provides the basis for motor neuron replacement therapy with NSCs or NPCs in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Ludwig Institute, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Lu
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Gouel F, Rolland AS, Devedjian JC, Burnouf T, Devos D. Past and Future of Neurotrophic Growth Factors Therapies in ALS: From Single Neurotrophic Growth Factor to Stem Cells and Human Platelet Lysates. Front Neurol 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31428042 PMCID: PMC6688198 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that typically results in death within 3–5 years after diagnosis. To date, there is no curative treatment and therefore an urgent unmet need of neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative treatments. Due to their spectrum of capacities in the central nervous system—e.g., development, plasticity, maintenance, neurogenesis—neurotrophic growth factors (NTF) have been exploited for therapeutic strategies in ALS for decades. In this review we present the initial strategy of using single NTF by different routes of administration to the use of stem cells transplantation to express a multiple NTFs-rich secretome to finally focus on a new biotherapy based on the human platelet lysates, the natural healing system containing a mix of pleitropic NTF and having immunomodulatory function. This review highlights that this latter treatment may be crucial to power the neuroprotection and/or neurorestoration therapy requested in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Gouel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Devedjian
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France.,Department of Neurology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1171, University Hospital Center, LICEND COEN Center, Lille, France
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Quesada MP, García-Bernal D, Pastor D, Estirado A, Blanquer M, García-Hernández AM, Moraleda JM, Martínez S. Safety and Biodistribution of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Injected Intrathecally in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice: Preclinical Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:525-538. [PMID: 31624707 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and have been tested in neurodegenerative diseases resulting in meaningful clinical improvements. Regulatory guidelines specify the need to perform preclinical studies prior any clinical trial, including biodistribution assays and tumourigenesis exclusion. We conducted a preclinical study of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) injected by intrathecal route in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency mice, to explore cellular biodistribution and toxicity as a privileged administration method for cell therapy in Friedreich's Ataxia. Methods For this purpose, 3 × 105 cells were injected by intrathecal route in 12 animals (experimental group) and the same volume of culture media in 6 animals (control group). Blood samples were collected at 24 h (n = 9) or 4 months (n = 9) to assess toxicity, and nine organs were harvested for histology and safety studies. Genomic DNA was isolated from all tissues, and mouse GAPDH and human β2M and β-actin genes were amplified by qPCR to analyze hBM-MSCs biodistribution. Results There were no deaths nor acute or chronic toxicity. Hematology, biochemistry and body weight were in the range of normal values in all groups. At 24 h hBM-MSCs were detected in 4/6 spinal cords and 1/6 hearts, and at 4 months in 3/6 hearts and 1/6 brains of transplanted mice. No tumours were found. Conclusion This study demonstrated that intrathecal injection of hBM-MSCs is safe, non toxic and do not produce tumors. These results provide further evidence that hBM-MSCs might be used in a clinical trial in patients with FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Quesada
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- 3Sport Research Center, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Estirado
- 4Neuroscience Institute UMH-CSIC, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Mª García-Hernández
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- 1Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Carretera Acceso Urbanización Buenavista (1ªizda), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,2Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- 4Neuroscience Institute UMH-CSIC, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,6Human Anatomy Department, Medicine School, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Carretera de Valencia, Km 18, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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9
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López-Lucas MD, Pachón-Peña G, García-Hernández AM, Parrado A, Sánchez-Salinas D, García-Bernal D, Algueró MDC, Martinez FI, Blanquer M, Cabañas-Perianes V, Molina-Molina M, Asín-Aguilar C, Moraleda JM, Sackstein R. Production via good manufacturing practice of exofucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical applications. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1110-1123. [PMID: 30170815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have raised great hope for their use in cell therapy. However, when intravenously infused, hMSCs fail to reach sites of tissue injury. Fucose addition in α(1,3)-linkage to terminal sialyllactosamines on CD44 creates the molecule known as hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), programming hMSC binding to E-selectin that is expressed on microvascular endothelial cells of bone marrow (BM), skin and at all sites of inflammation. Here we describe how this modification on BM-derived hMSCs (BM-hMSCs) can be adapted to good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards. METHODS BM-hMSCs were expanded using xenogenic-free media and exofucosylated using α(1,3)-fucosyltransferases VI (FTVI) or VII (FTVII). Enforced fucosylation converted CD44 into HCELL, and HCELL formation was assessed using Western blot, flow cytometry and cell-binding assays. Untreated (unfucosylated), buffer-treated and exofucosylated BM-hMSCs were each analyzed for cell viability, immunophenotype and differentiation potential, and E-selectin binding stability was assessed at room temperature, at 4°C, and after cryopreservation. Cell product safety was evaluated using microbiological testing, karyotype analysis, and c-Myc messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and potential effects on genetic reprogramming and in cell signaling were analyzed using gene expression microarrays and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) phosphorylation arrays. RESULTS Our protocol efficiently generates HCELL on clinical-scale batches of BM-hMSCs. Exofucosylation yields stable HCELL expression for 48 h at 4°C, with retained expression after cell cryopreservation. Cell viability and identity are unaffected by exofucosylation, without changes in gene expression or RTK phosphorylation. DISCUSSION The described exofucosylation protocol using xenogenic-free reagents enforces HCELL expression on hMSCs endowing potent E-selectin binding without affecting cell viability or native phenotype. This described protocol is readily scalable for GMP-compliant clinical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores López-Lucas
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gisela Pachón-Peña
- The Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and the Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana María García-Hernández
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital, Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Darío Sánchez-Salinas
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Algueró
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Iniesta Martinez
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Valentín Cabañas-Perianes
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Molina-Molina
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cira Asín-Aguilar
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Robert Sackstein
- The Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and the Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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10
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Rando A, Pastor D, Viso-León MC, Martínez A, Manzano R, Navarro X, Osta R, Martínez S. Intramuscular transplantation of bone marrow cells prolongs the lifespan of SOD1 G93A mice and modulates expression of prognosis biomarkers of the disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29625589 PMCID: PMC5889612 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and death. There is no effective treatment for ALS and stem cell therapy has arisen as a potential therapeutic approach. METHODS SOD1 mutant mice were used to study the potential neurotrophic effect of bone marrow cells grafted into quadriceps femoris muscle. RESULTS Bone marrow intramuscular transplants resulted in increased longevity with improved motor function and decreased motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord. Moreover, the increment of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4 observed in the grafted muscles suggests that this partial neuroprotective effect is mediated by neurotrophic factor release at the neuromuscular junction level. Finally, certain neurodegeneration and muscle disease-specific markers, which are altered in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse and may serve as molecular biomarkers for the early detection of ALS in patients, have been studied with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that stem cell transplantation in the muscle prolonged the lifespan, increased motoneuron survival and slowed disease progression, which was also assessed by genetic expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Rando
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Deporte, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Viso-León
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneración, Instituto de Neurociencias y Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Facultad de Veterinaria, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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11
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Zhang C, Rong W, Zhang GH, Wang AH, Wu CZ, Huo XL. Early electrical field stimulation prevents the loss of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons and muscle atrophy following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:869-876. [PMID: 29863018 PMCID: PMC5998640 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that early application of electrical field stimulation (EFS) with the anode at the lesion and the cathode distal to the lesion reduced injury potential, inhibited secondary injury and was neuroprotective in the dorsal corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effect of EFS on protection of anterior horn motoneurons and their target musculature after SCI and its mechanism. Rats were randomized into three equal groups. The EFS group received EFS for 30 minutes immediately after injury at T10. SCI group rats were only subjected to SCI and sham group rats were only subjected to laminectomy. Luxol fast blue staining demonstrated that spinal cord tissue in the injury center was better protected; cross-sectional area and perimeter of injured tissue were significantly smaller in the EFS group than in the SCI group. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons was greater and the number of abnormal neurons reduced in the EFS group compared with the SCI group. Wet weight and cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscles were smaller in the SCI group to in the sham group. However, EFS improved muscle atrophy and behavioral examination showed that EFS significantly increased the angle in the inclined plane test and Tarlov's motor grading score. The above results confirm that early EFS can effectively impede spinal cord anterior horn motoneuron loss, promote motor function recovery and reduce muscle atrophy in rats after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Zhe Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Park S, Choi Y, Kwak G, Hong YB, Jung N, Kim J, Choi BO, Jung SC. Application of differentiated human tonsil-derived stem cells to trembler-J mice. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:478-486. [PMID: 28796340 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types. METHODS In this study we investigated the potential of human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) for neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). RESULTS T-MSCs differentiated toward skeletal myocytes with increased expression of skeletal muscle-related markers (including troponin I type 1, and myogenin), and the formation of myotubes in vitro. In-situ transplantation of T-MSC-derived myocytes (T-MSC myocytes) into the gastrocnemius muscle in Tr-J mice enhanced motor function, with recovery of compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Morphology of the sciatic nerve and skeletal muscle recovered without the formation of teratomas, and the expression levels of nerve growth factor and glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor were increased significantly in T-MSC myocytes compared with T-MSCs in vitro. DISCUSSION Transplantation of T-MSC myocytes could enable neuromuscular regeneration in patients with CMT1A. Muscle Nerve 57: 478-486, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
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13
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Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez S. Brain mesenchymal stem cells: physiology and pathological implications. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:469-80. [PMID: 27273235 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as progenitor cells that give rise to a number of unique, differentiated mesenchymal cell types. This concept has progressively evolved towards an all-encompassing concept including multipotent perivascular cells of almost any tissue. In central nervous system, pericytes are involved in blood-brain barrier, and angiogenesis and vascular tone regulation. They form the neurovascular unit (NVU) together with endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. This functional structure provides an optimal microenvironment for neural proliferation in the adult brain. Neurovascular niche include both diffusible signals and direct contact with endothelial and pericytes, which are a source of diffusible neurotrophic signals that affect neural precursors. Therefore, MSCs/pericyte properties such as differentiation capability, as well as immunoregulatory and paracrine effects make them a potential resource in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pombero
- Intituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Lopez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Av Ramon y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Av Ramon y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
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14
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García Santos JM, Inuggi A, Gómez Espuch J, Vázquez C, Iniesta F, Blanquer M, María Moraleda J, Martínez S. Spinal cord infusion of stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy shows metabolite improvement in the precentral gyrus. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:785-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Ruiz-López FJ, Blanquer M. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells as neuroprotective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:568-9. [PMID: 27212914 PMCID: PMC4870910 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.180730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Progenitors Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, Murcia University, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Fujikawa A, Noda M. Role of pleiotrophin-protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z signaling in myelination. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:549-51. [PMID: 27212906 PMCID: PMC4870902 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.180761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Fujikawa
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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17
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Loeffler J, Picchiarelli G, Dupuis L, Gonzalez De Aguilar J. The Role of Skeletal Muscle in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:227-36. [PMID: 26780251 PMCID: PMC8029271 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset disease primarily characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, muscle wasting and paralysis. It is increasingly accepted that the pathological process leading to ALS is the result of multiple disease mechanisms that operate within motor neurons and other cell types both inside and outside the central nervous system. The implication of skeletal muscle has been the subject of a number of studies conducted on patients and related animal models. In this review, we describe the features of ALS muscle pathology and discuss on the contribution of muscle to the pathological process. We also give an overview of the therapeutic strategies proposed to alleviate muscle pathology or to deliver curative agents to motor neurons. ALS muscle mainly suffers from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic disturbances. However, the way by which the disease affects different types of myofibers depends on their contractile and metabolic features. Although the implication of muscle in nourishing the degenerative process is still debated, there is compelling evidence suggesting that it may play a critical role. Detailed understanding of the muscle pathology in ALS could, therefore, lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118StrasbourgFrance
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFrance
| | - Gina Picchiarelli
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118StrasbourgFrance
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFrance
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118StrasbourgFrance
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFrance
| | - Jose‐Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118StrasbourgFrance
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFrance
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18
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Breathing pattern in a phase I clinical trial of intraspinal injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 221:54-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Cruz-Martinez P, Pastor D, Estirado A, Pacheco-Torres J, Martinez S, Jones J. Stem cell injection in the hindlimb skeletal muscle enhances neurorepair in mice with spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2015; 9:579-91. [PMID: 25372077 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a low-risk, little-invasive stem cell-based method to treat acute spinal cord injuries. methods: Adult mice were submitted to an incomplete spinal cord injury, and mesenchymal stem cells injected intramuscularly into both hindlimbs. Behavior tests and MRI of the spinal cord were periodically performed for up to 6 months, along with immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemical and PCR analysis of the muscles were used to detect the grafted cells as well as the soluble factors released. RESULTS The stem cell-treated mice presented significant improvements in their motor skills 5 months after treatment. Spinal cord repair was detected by magnetic resonance and immunohistochemistry. In the hindlimb muscles, the stem cells activated muscle and motor neuron repair mechanisms, due to the secretion of several neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSION Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection into hindlimb muscles stimulates spinal cord repair in acute spinal cord lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cruz-Martinez
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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20
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Goutman SA, Chen KS, Feldman EL. Recent Advances and the Future of Stem Cell Therapies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:428-48. [PMID: 25776222 PMCID: PMC4404436 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons without a known cure. Based on the possibility of cellular neuroprotection and early preclinical results, stem cells have gained widespread enthusiasm as a potential treatment strategy. Preclinical models demonstrate a protective role of engrafted stem cells and provided the basis for human trials carried out using various types of stem cells, as well as a range of cell delivery methods. To date, no trial has demonstrated a clear therapeutic benefit; however, results remain encouraging and are the basis for ongoing studies. In addition, stem cell technology continues to improve, and induced pluripotent stem cells may offer additional therapeutic options in the future. Improved disease models and clinical trials will be essential in order to validate stem cells as a beneficial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, F2647 UH South, SPC 5223, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5036, USA,
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21
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Jones J, Estirado A, Redondo C, Pacheco-Torres J, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Martinez S. Mesenchymal stem cells improve motor functions and decrease neurodegeneration in ataxic mice. Mol Ther 2015; 23:130-8. [PMID: 25070719 PMCID: PMC4426789 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of using bone marrow-derived stem cells in treating a neurodegenerative disorder such as Friedreich's ataxia. In this disease, the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord are the first to degenerate. Two groups of mice were injected intrathecally with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from either wild-type or Fxntm1Mkn/Tg(FXN)YG8Pook (YG8) mice. As a result, both groups presented improved motor skills compared to nontreated mice. Also, frataxin expression was increased in the dorsal root ganglia of the treated groups, along with lower expression of the apoptotic markers analyzed. Furthermore, the injected stem cells expressed the trophic factors NT3, NT4, and BDNF, which bind to sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and increase their survival. The expression of antioxidant enzymes indicated that the stem cell-treated mice presented higher levels of catalase and GPX-1, which are downregulated in the YG8 mice. There were no significant differences in the use of stem cells isolated from wild-type and YG8 mice. In conclusion, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, both autologous and allogeneic, is a feasible therapeutic option to consider in delaying the neurodegeneration observed in the dorsal root ganglia of Friedreich's ataxia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jones
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Estirado
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carolina Redondo
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria-Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Garcia-Verdugo
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Neuroscience Institute, University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- IMIB-Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Univ. Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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22
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Flix B, Suárez-Calvet X, Díaz-Manera J, Santos-Nogueira E, Mancuso R, Barquinero J, Navas M, Navarro X, Illa I, Gallardo E. Bone marrow transplantation in dysferlin-deficient mice results in a mild functional improvement. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2885-94. [PMID: 23777246 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are caused by mutations in the DYSF gene. Dysferlin is a protein mainly expressed in the skeletal muscle and monocytes. Cell therapy constitutes a promising tool for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using the A/J Dysf(prmd) mouse model of dysferlinopathy. For that purpose, we studied dysferlin expression by western blot and/or immunohistochemistry in transplanted mice and controls. Computerized analyses of locomotion and electrophysiological techniques were also performed to test the functional improvement. We observed dysferlin expression in splenocytes, but not in the skeletal muscle of the transplanted mice. However, the locomotion test, electromyography studies, and muscle histology showed an improvement in all transplanted mice that was more significant in the animals transplanted with dysferlin⁺/⁺ cells. In conclusion, although BMT restores dysferlin expression in monocytes, but not in skeletal muscle, muscle function was partially recovered. We propose that the slight improvement observed in the functional studies could be related with factors, such as the hepatocyte growth factor, released after BMT that prevented muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Flix
- 1 Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Barcelona, Spain
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