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Guo Q, Chen J, Bu Q, Zhang J, Ruan M, Chen X, Zhao M, Tu X, Zhao C. Establishing stable and highly osteogenic hiPSC-derived MSCs for 3D-printed bone graft through microenvironment modulation by CHIR99021-treated osteocytes. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101111. [PMID: 38933413 PMCID: PMC11201125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) are ideal candidates for the production of standardised and scalable bioengineered bone grafts. However, stable induction and osteogenic differentiation of iMSCs pose challenges in the industry. We developed a precise differentiation method to produce homogeneous and fully differentiated iMSCs. In this study, we established a standardised system to prepare iMSCs with increased osteogenic potential and improved bioactivity by introducing a CHIR99021 (C91)-treated osteogenic microenvironment (COOME). COOME enhances the osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation of iMSCs via canonical Wnt signalling. Global transcriptome analysis and co-culturing experiments indicated that COOME increased the pro-angiogenesis/neurogenesis activity of iMSCs. The superior osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation abilities of COOME-treated iMSCs were also confirmed in a Bio3D module generated using a polycaprolactone (PCL) and cell-integrated 3D printing (PCI3D) system, which is the closest model to in vivo research. This COOME-treated iMSCs differentiation system offers a new perspective for generating highly osteogenic, bioactive, and anatomically matched grafts for clinical applications. Statement of significance Although human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) are ideal seed cells for synthetic bone implants, the challenges of stable induction and osteogenic differentiation hinder their clinical application. This study established a standardised system for the scalable preparation of iMSCs with improved osteogenic potential by combining our precise iMSC differentiation method with the CHIR99021 (C91)-treated osteocyte osteogenic microenvironment (COOME) through the activation of canonical Wnt signalling. Moreover, COOME upregulated the pro-angiogenic and pro-neurogenic capacities of iMSCs, which are crucial for the integration of implanted bone grafts. The superior osteogenic ability of COOME-treated iMSCs was confirmed in Bio3D modules generated using PCL and cell-integrated 3D printing systems, highlighting their functional potential in vivo. This study contributes to tissue engineering by providing insights into the functional differentiation of iMSCs for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Guo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiqi Bu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minjie Ruan
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengzhu Zhao
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Kessler F, Arnke K, Eggerschwiler B, Neldner Y, Märsmann S, Gröninger O, Casanova EA, Weber FA, König MA, Stark WJ, Pape HC, Cinelli P, Tiziani S. Murine iPSC-Loaded Scaffold Grafts Improve Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5555. [PMID: 38791592 PMCID: PMC11121928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In certain situations, bones do not heal completely after fracturing. One of these situations is a critical-size bone defect where the bone cannot heal spontaneously. In such a case, complex fracture treatment over a long period of time is required, which carries a relevant risk of complications. The common methods used, such as autologous and allogeneic grafts, do not always lead to successful treatment results. Current approaches to increasing bone formation to bridge the gap include the application of stem cells on the fracture side. While most studies investigated the use of mesenchymal stromal cells, less evidence exists about induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In this study, we investigated the potential of mouse iPSC-loaded scaffolds and decellularized scaffolds containing extracellular matrix from iPSCs for treating critical-size bone defects in a mouse model. In vitro differentiation followed by Alizarin Red staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the osteogenic differentiation potential of the iPSCs lines. Subsequently, an in vivo trial using a mouse model (n = 12) for critical-size bone defect was conducted, in which a PLGA/aCaP osteoconductive scaffold was transplanted into the bone defect for 9 weeks. Three groups (each n = 4) were defined as (1) osteoconductive scaffold only (control), (2) iPSC-derived extracellular matrix seeded on a scaffold and (3) iPSC seeded on a scaffold. Micro-CT and histological analysis show that iPSCs grafted onto an osteoconductive scaffold followed by induction of osteogenic differentiation resulted in significantly higher bone volume 9 weeks after implantation than an osteoconductive scaffold alone. Transplantation of iPSC-seeded PLGA/aCaP scaffolds may improve bone regeneration in critical-size bone defects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kessler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Kevin Arnke
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Benjamin Eggerschwiler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Yvonne Neldner
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Olivier Gröninger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa A. Casanova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Fabienne A. Weber
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Tiziani
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (E.A.C.); (P.C.)
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3
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Sun Y, Li L, Wang J, Liu H, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:72-96. [PMID: 38230285 PMCID: PMC10789133 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by shortness of stature, hearing loss, poor bone mass, recurrent fractures, and skeletal abnormalities. Pathogenic variations have been found in over 20 distinct genes that are involved in the pathophysiology of OI, contributing to the disorder's clinical and genetic variability. Although medications, surgical procedures, and other interventions can partially alleviate certain symptoms, there is still no known cure for OI. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic pathogenesis, existing treatment modalities, and new developments in biotechnologies such as gene editing, stem cell reprogramming, functional differentiation, and transplantation for potential future OI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lin Li
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Medical
School of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Walewska A, Janucik A, Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Mesenchymal stem cells under epigenetic control - the role of epigenetic machinery in fate decision and functional properties. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:720. [PMID: 37932257 PMCID: PMC10628230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into cells of at least three mesodermal lineages, namely adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and have potent immunomodulatory properties. Epigenetic modifications are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Epigenetic machinery controls MSC differentiation through direct modifications to DNA and histones. Understanding the role of epigenetic machinery in MSC is crucial for the development of effective cell-based therapies for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of epigenetic control of MSC differentiation and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Walewska
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Janucik
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marlena Tynecka
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
- Tissue and Cell Bank, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland.
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Recent Clinical Treatment and Basic Research on the Alveolar Bone. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030843. [PMID: 36979821 PMCID: PMC10044990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is located between the bone (alveolar bone) and the cementum of the tooth, and it is connected by tough fibers called Sharpey’s fibers. To maintain healthy teeth, the foundation supporting the teeth must be healthy. Periodontal diseases, also known as tooth loss, cause the alveolar bone to dissolve. The alveolar bone, similar to the bones in other body parts, is repeatedly resorbed by osteoclasts and renewed by osteogenic cells. This means that an old bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced by a new bone. In periodontal diseases, the alveolar bone around the teeth is absorbed, and as the disease progresses, the alveolar bone shrinks gradually. In most cases, the resorbed alveolar bone does not return to its original form even after periodontal disease is cured. Gum covers the tooth surface so that it matches the shape of the resorbed alveolar bone, exposing more of the tooth surface than before, making the teeth look longer, leaving gaps between the teeth, and in some cases causing teeth to sting. Previously, the only treatment for periodontal diseases was to stop the disease from progressing further before the teeth fell out, and restoration to the original condition was almost impossible. However, a treatment method that can help in the regeneration of the supporting tissues of the teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases and the restoration of the teeth to their original healthy state as much as possible is introduced. Recently, with improvements in implant material properties, implant therapy has become an indispensable treatment method in dentistry and an important prosthetic option. Treatment methods and techniques, which are mainly based on experience, have gradually accumulated scientific evidence, and the number of indications for treatment has increased. The development of bone augmentation methods has contributed remarkably to the expansion of indications, and this has been made possible by various advances in materials science. The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) cell technology for regenerating periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, is expected to be applied in the treatment of diseases, such as tooth loss and periodontitis. This review focuses on the alveolar bone and describes clinical practice, techniques, and the latest basic research.
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Osteogenesis of Human iPSC-Derived MSCs by PLLA/SF Nanofiber Scaffolds Loaded with Extracellular Matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5280613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects that arise from trauma, skeletal diseases, or tumor resections have become the commonest and most thorny problems in orthopedic clinics. Recently, biocomposite materials used as artificial bone repair materials have provided a promising approach for bone regeneration. In this study, poly (l-lactide acid) (PLLA) and silk fibroin (SF) were used to fabricate nanofiber scaffolds by electrospinning technology. In order to simulate a biomimetic osteoblast microenvironment, decellularized extracellular matrix from osteoblasts was loaded into the biocomposite scaffolds (O-ECM/PLLA/SF). It was found that the O-ECM/PLLA/SF scaffolds were nontoxic for L929 cells and had good cytocompatibility. Their effects on mesenchymal stem cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-MSC) behavior were investigated. As a result, the scaffolds with the addition of O-ECM showed enhanced alizarin red S (ARS) activity. In addition, higher expression of osteogenic gene markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen type I (Col-1), and osteocalcin (OCN) as well as upregulated expression of osteogenic marker protein osteopontin (OPN) and Col-1 further substantiated the applicability of O-ECM/PLLA/SF scaffolds for osteogenesis. Furthermore, the in vivo study also indicated maximal new bone formation in the skull defect model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with the O-ECM/PLLA/SF carried by human iPSC-MSCs. Hence, this study suggests that O-ECM/PLLA/SF scaffolds have a potential application in bone tissue engineering.
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7
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Limraksasin P, Nattasit P, Manokawinchoke J, Tiskratok W, Vinaikosol N, Okawa H, Limjeerajarus CN, Limjeerajarus N, Pavasant P, Osathanon T, Egusa H. Application of shear stress for enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19021. [PMID: 36347883 PMCID: PMC9643422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-organizing potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a promising tool for bone tissue engineering. Shear stress promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, leading us to hypothesize that specific shear stress could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs. For osteogenesis, embryoid bodies were formed for two days and then maintained in medium supplemented with retinoic acid for three days, followed by adherent culture in osteogenic induction medium for one day. The cells were then subjected to shear loading (0.15, 0.5, or 1.5 Pa) for two days. Among different magnitudes tested, 0.5 Pa induced the highest levels of osteogenic gene expression and greatest mineral deposition, corresponding to upregulated connexin 43 (Cx43) and phosphorylated Erk1/2 expression. Erk1/2 inhibition during shear loading resulted in decreased osteogenic gene expression and the suppression of mineral deposition. These results suggest that shear stress (0.5 Pa) enhances the osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs, partly through Cx43 and Erk1/2 signaling. Our findings shed light on the application of shear-stress technology to improve iPSC-based tissue-engineered bone for regenerative bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Watcharaphol Tiskratok
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Naruephorn Vinaikosol
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.512238.f0000 0004 0625 2348Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-city, 980-8575 Japan
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Azari Matin A, Fattah K, Saeidpour Masouleh S, Tavakoli R, Houshmandkia SA, Moliani A, Moghimimonfared R, Pakzad S, Dalir Abdolahinia E. Synthetic electrospun nanofibers as a supportive matrix in osteogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1469-1493. [PMID: 35321624 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2056941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous remodeling is not able to repair large bone defects. Bone tissue engineering is aimed to repair these defects by creating bone grafts. To do this, several technologies and biomaterials have been employed to fabricate an in vivo-like supportive matrix. Electrospinning is a versatile technique to fabricate porous matrices with interconnected pores and high surface area, replicating in vivo microenvironment. Electrospun scaffolds have been used in a large number of studies to provide a matrix for bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Electrospinning uses both natural and synthetic polymers, either alone or in combination, to fabricate scaffolds. Among them, synthetic polymers have had a great promise in bone regeneration and repair. They allow the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds with high mechanical properties, suitable for bone engineering. Furthermore, several attempts have done to increase the osteogenic properties of these scaffolds. This paper reviewed the potential of synthetic electrospun scaffolds in osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs. In addition, the approaches to improve the osteogenic differentiation of these scaffolds are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Azari Matin
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Khashayar Fattah
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Tavakoli
- Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Moliani
- Isfahan Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Moghimimonfared
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Pakzad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Manokawinchoke J, Limraksasin P, Okawa H, Pavasant P, Egusa H, Osathanon T. Intermittent compressive force induces cell cycling and reduces apoptosis in embryoid bodies of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:1. [PMID: 34980892 PMCID: PMC8724316 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by environmental factors is of great interest for three-dimensional (3D) tissue/organ induction. The effects of mechanical force depend on many factors, including force and cell type. However, information on such effects in iPSCs is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular mechanism in iPSCs responding to intermittent compressive force (ICF) by analyzing the global gene expression profile. Embryoid bodies of mouse iPSCs, attached on a tissue culture plate in 3D form, were subjected to ICF in serum-free culture medium for 24 h. Gene ontology analyses for RNA sequencing data demonstrated that genes differentially regulated by ICF were mainly associated with metabolic processes, membrane and protein binding. Topology-based analysis demonstrated that ICF induced genes in cell cycle categories and downregulated genes associated with metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed differentially regulated genes related to the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle. qPCR analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of Ccnd1, Cdk6 and Ccng1. Flow cytometry showed that ICF induced cell cycle and proliferation, while reducing the number of apoptotic cells. ICF also upregulated transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) at both mRNA and protein levels, and pretreatment with a TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) prior to ICF abolished ICF-induced Ccnd1 and Cdk6 expression. Taken together, these findings show that TGF-β signaling in iPSCs enhances proliferation and decreases apoptosis in response to ICF, that could give rise to an efficient protocol to manipulate iPSCs for organoid fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Capparè P, Tetè G, Sberna MT, Panina-Bordignon P. The Emerging Role of Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:259-268. [PMID: 32811413 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200818115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress of modern dentistry is accelerating at a spectacular speed in the scientific, technological and clinical areas. Practical examples are the advancement in the digital field, which has guaranteed an average level of prosthetic practices for all patients, as well as other scientific developments, including research on stem cell biology. Given their plasticity, defined as the ability to differentiate into specific cell lineages with a capacity of almost unlimited self-renewal and release of trophic/immunomodulatory factors, stem cells have gained significant scientific and commercial interest in the last 15 years. Stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues of the oral cavity have emerged as attractive sources for bone and dental regeneration, mainly due to their ease of accessibility. This review will present the current understanding of emerging conceptual and technological issues of the use of stem cells to treat bone and dental loss defects. In particular, we will focus on the clinical application of stem cells, either directly isolated from oral sources or in vitro reprogrammed from somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells). Research aimed at further unraveling stem cell plasticity will allow to identify optimal stem cell sources and characteristics, to develop novel regenerative tools in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capparè
- Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Tetè
- Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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11
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Hashemi S, Mohammadi Amirabad L, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Rezai Rad M, Fahimipour F, Ardeshirylajimi A, Dashtimoghadam E, Salehi M, Soleimani M, Dehghan MM, Tayebi L, Khojasteh A. Comparison of osteogenic differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells and buccal fat pad stem cells on 3D-printed HA/β-TCP collagen-coated scaffolds. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:403-421. [PMID: 33433691 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of a 3D bone construct with high-yield differentiated cells using an appropriate cell source provides a reliable strategy for different purposes such as therapeutic screening of the drugs. Although adult stem cells can be a good source, their application is limited due to invasive procedure of their isolation and low yield of differentiation. Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be an alternative due to their long-term self-renewal capacity and pluripotency after several passages, resolving the requirement of a large number of progenitor cells. In this study, a new biphasic 3D-printed collagen-coated HA/β-TCP scaffold was fabricated to provide a 3D environment for the cells. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized by the 3D laser scanning digital microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical test. Then, the osteogenesis potential of the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds was investigated compared to the buccal fat pad stem cell (BFPSC)-seeded scaffolds through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro results demonstrated up-regulated expressions of osteogenesis-related genes of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, and COL1 compared to the BFPSC-seeded scaffolds. In vivo results on calvarial defects in the rats confirmed a higher bone formation in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds compared to the BFPSC-seeded groups. The immunofluorescence assay also showed higher expression levels of collagen I and osteocalcin proteins in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds. It can be concluded that using the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds can lead to a high yield of osteogenesis, and the hiPSCs can be used as a superior stem cell source compared to BFPSCs for bone-like construct bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Hashemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Sasaki JI, Abe GL, Li A, Matsumoto T, Imazato S. Large three-dimensional cell constructs for tissue engineering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:571-582. [PMID: 34408551 PMCID: PMC8366663 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1945899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted on fabricating biomimetic biomaterials in vitro. Tissue engineering approaches are often conducted by combining cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. However, the degradation rate of scaffolds is difficult to control and the degradation byproducts occasionally limit tissue regeneration. To overcome these issues, we have developed a novel system using a thermo-responsive hydrogel that forms scaffold-free, three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs with arbitrary size and morphology. 3D cell constructs prepared using bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibited self-organizing ability and formed bone-like tissue with endochondral ossification. Endothelial cells were then introduced into the BMSC construct and a vessel-like structure was formed within the constructs. Additionally, the bone formation ability was promoted by endothelial cells and cell constructs could be freeze-dried to improve their clinical application. A pre-treatment with specific protein protectant allowed for the fabrication of novel bone substitutes composed only of cells. This 3D cell construct technology using thermo-responsive hydrogels was then applied to other cell species. Cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells were fabricated, and the resulting construct regenerated pulp-like tissue within a human pulpless tooth. In this review, we demonstrate the approaches for the in vitro fabrication of bone and dental pulp-like tissue using thermo-responsive hydrogels and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Gabriela L Abe
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
- CONTACT Satoshi Imazato Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Limraksasin P, Kosaka Y, Zhang M, Horie N, Kondo T, Okawa H, Yamada M, Egusa H. Shaking culture enhances chondrogenic differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell constructs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14996. [PMID: 32929163 PMCID: PMC7490351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading on articular cartilage induces various mechanical stresses and strains. In vitro hydrodynamic forces such as compression, shear and tension impact various cellular properties including chondrogenic differentiation, leading us to hypothesize that shaking culture might affect the chondrogenic induction of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) constructs. Three-dimensional mouse iPSC constructs were fabricated in a day using U-bottom 96-well plates, and were subjected to preliminary chondrogenic induction for 3 days in static condition, followed by chondrogenic induction culture using a see-saw shaker for 17 days. After 21 days, chondrogenically induced iPSC (CI-iPSC) constructs contained chondrocyte-like cells with abundant ECM components. Shaking culture significantly promoted cell aggregation, and induced significantly higher expression of chondrogenic-related marker genes than static culture at day 21. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed higher chondrogenic protein expression. Furthemore, in the shaking groups, CI-iPSCs showed upregulation of TGF-β and Wnt signaling-related genes, which are known to play an important role in regulating cartilage development. These results suggest that shaking culture activates TGF-β expression and Wnt signaling to promote chondrogenic differentiation in mouse iPSCs in vitro. Shaking culture, a simple and convenient approach, could provide a promising strategy for iPSC-based cartilage bioengineering for study of disease mechanisms and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naohiro Horie
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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15
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Size-Optimized Microspace Culture Facilitates Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Osteoid-Rich Bone Constructs. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7082679. [PMID: 32508932 PMCID: PMC7244985 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7082679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microspace culture is promising for self-organization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the optimal size of microspaces for osteogenic differentiation is unclear. We hypothesized that a specific microspace size could facilitate self-organizing iPSC differentiation to form bone-like tissue in vitro. The objectives of this study were to investigate such effects of microspace size and to evaluate bone regeneration upon transplantation of the resulting osteogenic constructs. Dissociated mouse gingival fibroblast-derived iPSCs were plated in ultra-low-attachment microspace culture wells containing hundreds of U-bottom-shaped microwell spots per well to form cell aggregates in growth medium. The microwells had different aperture diameters/depths (400/560 μm (Elp400), 500/700 μm (Elp500), and 900/700 μm (Elp900)) (Kuraray; Elplasia). After 5 days of aggregation, cells were maintained in osteogenic induction medium for 35 days. Only cells in the Elp500 condition tightly aggregated and maintained high viability during osteogenic induction. After 10 days of induction, Elp500 cell constructs showed significantly higher gene expression of Runx2, Osterix, Collagen 1a1, Osteocalcin, Bone sialoprotein, and Osteopontin compared to constructs in Elp400 and Elp900. In methylene blue-counterstained von Kossa staining and Movat's pentachrome staining, only Elp500 constructs showed robust osteoid formation on day 35, with high expression of type I collagen (a major osteoid component) and osteocalcin proteins. Cell constructs were transplanted into rat calvarial bone defects, and micro-CT analysis after 3 weeks showed better bone repair with significantly higher bone mineral density in the Elp500 group compared to the Elp900 group. These results suggest that microspace size affects self-organized osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs. Elp500 microspace culture specifically induces mouse iPSCs into osteoid-rich bone-like tissue possessing high bone regeneration capacity.
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16
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Carvalho MS, Silva JC, Hoff CM, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, Silva CL, Vashishth D. Loss and rescue of osteocalcin and osteopontin modulate osteogenic and angiogenic features of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7496-7515. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Christopher M. Hoff
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Cláudia L. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
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17
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Li J, Wang T, Li C, Wang Z, Wang P, Zheng L. Sema3A and HIF1α co-overexpressed iPSC-MSCs/HA scaffold facilitates the repair of calvarial defect in a mouse model. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6754-6766. [PMID: 32012286 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in bone tissue engineering because MSCs possess multilineage potential of differentiation to mesenchymal tissues. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) are proved as important regulatory factors for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sema3A and HIF1α co-overexpression on the osteogenesis and angiogenesis in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs). Importantly, we assessed the potential osteogenic effectiveness of Sema3A and HIF1α co-overexpressed iPSC-MSCs seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold in a mouse calvarial defect model. The overexpression for Sema3A, HIF1α, or Sema3A-HIF1α fusion in iPSC-MSCs was performed by separately infecting with conducted lentiviral vector. We determined the cell proliferation, the expressions of osteogenic, and endothelial markers of iPSC-MSCs cultured in osteogenic or endothelial induction medium in vitro. A mouse model calvarial defect was created and implanted with the Empty implant, HA scaffold alone, HA scaffold combined with iPSC-MSCs that infected with negative control or Sema3A-HIF1α fusion for 8 weeks in vivo. The results showed that Sema3A and HIF1α co-overexpression reversed the reduced cell proliferation that reduced by Sema3A overexpression alone. Importantly, the co-overexpression significantly increased the expressions of osteogenic and angiogenic related-genes compared with negative control after induction. Moreover, the Sema3A-HIF1α co-overexpressed iPSC-MSCs seeded on HA scaffold boosted the new bone and collagen fiber formation and facilitated repair of calvarial defect in a mouse model, which might have the potential application for bone defect reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Limraksasin P, Kondo T, Zhang M, Okawa H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Egusa H. In Vitro Fabrication of Hybrid Bone/Cartilage Complex Using Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020581. [PMID: 31963264 PMCID: PMC7014254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell condensation and mechanical stimuli play roles in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis; thus, they are promising for facilitating self-organizing bone/cartilage tissue formation in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, single mouse iPSCs were first seeded in micro-space culture plates to form 3-dimensional spheres. At day 12, iPSC spheres were subjected to shaking culture and maintained in osteogenic induction medium for 31 days (Os induction). In another condition, the osteogenic induction medium was replaced by chondrogenic induction medium at day 22 and maintained for a further 21 days (Os-Chon induction). Os induction produced robust mineralization and some cartilage-like tissue, which promoted expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic marker genes. In contrast, Os-Chon induction resulted in partial mineralization and a large area of cartilage tissue, with greatly increased expression of chondrogenic marker genes along with osterix and collagen 1a1. Os-Chon induction enhanced mesodermal lineage commitment with brachyury expression followed by high expression of lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm marker genes. These results suggest that combined use of micro-space culture and mechanical stimuli facilitates hybrid bone/cartilage tissue formation from iPSCs, and that the bone/cartilage tissue ratio in iPSC constructs could be manipulated through the induction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence:
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19
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Al-Wahabi A, Ser-Od T, Inoue K, Nakajima K, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T. Topography enhances Runx2 expression in outgrowing cells from iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2288-2296. [PMID: 30735289 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of differing polystyrene substrate topographies on the osteogenic potential of the outgrowing cells (OGCs) formed from mouse-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (miPSCs)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) was investigated. Polystyrene substrates were sandblasted with 25, 50, and 150 μm aluminum oxide particles to obtain topographies with average Sa values of 0.6, 1.1, and 1.8 μm, respectively. 3D-SEM was used to evaluate substrate's topographies. Examination was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), by immunocytofluorescence (ICF) analysis for vinculin, Runx2 and collagen type I, and by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis for Runx2 and collagen type I. SEM and ICF analyses revealed that surface roughness caused cells elongation (2, 6, 8, 10 times for the NT, 0.6 μm, 1.1 μm, and 1.8 μm, respectively). Vinculin staining demonstrated how the Sa value affected cellular attachment to the substrate. FA points were randomly distributed on flat surfaces, but rough surfaces resulted in more concentrated FA points on the podia of the cells (11.7, 25.2, 26.7, 16.6 vinculin spots per 20 μm2 for the NT, 0.6 μm, 1.1 μm, and 1.8 μm, respectively). qRT-PCR revealed that Runx2 expression was highest on day 16 on surfaces with Sa of 0.6 μm and 1.1 μm. Collagen type I expression increased from day 0 to day 16, no significance was found among the groups. In conclusion, surface topography affects cell shape and expression of early osteogenic potential in OGC, particularly surfaces with Sa values of 0.6 μm and 1.1 μm which showed the highest concentration of FA points on podia. These findings could be utilized in the development of inner surface topographies of scaffolds used with iPSCs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2288-2296, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Wahabi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tungalag Ser-Od
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Membrane reorganization after photochemical internalization to release transferrin-biofunctionalized polystyrene microparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17617. [PMID: 30514907 PMCID: PMC6279785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug carriers can drive their cargo to their target cells. However, an obstacle is usually the entrapment of the drug inside the endolysosomal compartment, which physically impedes its actuation by the impossibility of reaching its molecular site of action. To overcome this hurdle, photochemical internalization (PCI) has been proposed, but the extent of PCI-induced membrane disruption and its capability to allow the release of microparticles is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine if PCI allows the release of microparticles from the endolysosomal compartment to the cytosol and to analyze at the ultrastructural level the effect of PCI on the membrane surrounding the particles. Confocal microscope allowed us to detect that endolysosomal membranes suffered some disruption after PCI, evidenced by the diffusion of soluble transferrin from the endolysosomes to the cytosol and by a decrease of LAMP1-microparticles co-localization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a decrease in the number of well-defined membranes around microparticles after PCI, and scanning TEM combined with energy dispersive x-ray revealed an increase in the width of endolysosomal membranes after treatment. These results suggest that endolysosomal membranes suffered an ultrastructure alteration after PCI, enough to liberate soluble transferrin but not the entire microparticles.
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Moro LN, Amin G, Furmento V, Waisman A, Garate X, Neiman G, La Greca A, Santín Velazque NL, Luzzani C, Sevlever GE, Vichera G, Miriuka SG. MicroRNA characterization in equine induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207074. [PMID: 30507934 PMCID: PMC6277106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming has been well described in mouse and human cells. The expression of specific microRNAs has demonstrated to be essential for pluripotent maintenance and cell differentiation, but not much information is available in domestic species. We aim to generate horse iPSCs, characterize them and evaluate the expression of different microRNAs (miR-302a,b,c,d, miR-205, miR-145, miR-9, miR-96, miR-125b and miR-296). Two equine iPSC lines (L2 and L3) were characterized after the reprogramming of equine fibroblasts with the four human Yamanaka‘s factors (OCT-4/SOX-2/c-MYC/KLF4). The pluripotency of both lines was assessed by phosphatase alkaline activity, expression of OCT-4, NANOG and REX1 by RT-PCR, and by immunofluorescence of OCT-4, SOX-2 and c-MYC. In vitro differentiation to embryo bodies (EBs) showed the capacity of the iPSCs to differentiate into ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal phenotypes. MicroRNA analyses resulted in higher expression of the miR-302 family, miR-9 and miR-96 in L2 and L3 vs. fibroblasts (p<0.05), as previously shown in human pluripotent cells. Moreover, downregulation of miR-145 and miR-205 was observed. After differentiation to EBs, higher expression of miR-96 was observed in the EBs respect to the iPSCs, and also the expression of miR-205 was induced but only in the EB-L2. In addition, in silico alignments of the equine microRNAs with mRNA targets suggested the ability of miR-302 family to regulate cell cycle and epithelial mesenchymal transition genes, miR-9 and miR-96 to regulate neural determinant genes and miR-145 to regulate pluripotent genes, similarly as in humans. In conclusion, we could obtain equine iPSCs, characterize them and determine for the first time the expression level of microRNAs in equine pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariel Waisman
- LIAN-CONICET, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Garate
- LIAN-CONICET, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The paracrine effects of human induced pluripotent stem cells promote bone-like structures via the upregulation of BMP expression in a mouse ectopic model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17106. [PMID: 30459360 PMCID: PMC6244408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) for bone tissue engineering is most appealing, because h-iPSCs are an inexhaustible source of osteocompetent cells. The present study investigated the contribution of undifferentiated h-iPSCs and elucidated aspects of the underlying mechanism(s) of the involvement of these cells to new bone formation. Implantation of undifferentiated h-iPSCs seeded on coral particles in ectopic sites of mice resulted in expression of osteocalcin and DMP-1, and in mineral content similar to that of the murine bone. The number of the implanted h-iPSCs decreased with time and disappeared by 30 days post-implantation. In contrast, expression of the murine osteogenic genes at day 15 and 30 post-implantation provided, for the first time, evidence that the implanted h-iPSCs affected the observed outcomes via paracrine mechanisms. Supporting evidence was provided because supernatant conditioned media from h-iPSCs (h-iPSC CM), promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (h-MSCs) in vitro. Specifically, h-iPSC CM induced upregulation of the BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6 genes, and promoted mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Given the current interest in the use of h-iPSCs for regenerative medicine applications, our study contributes new insights into aspects of the mechanism underlying the bone promoting capability of h-iPSCs.
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Fliefel R, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a new source of bone in reconstructive surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1780-1797. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riham Fliefel
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Michael Ehrenfeld
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
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Ardeshirylajimi A. Applied Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Combination With Biomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3034-3042. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
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25
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Bastami F, Nazeman P, Moslemi H, Rezai Rad M, Sharifi K, Khojasteh A. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a new getaway for bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12321. [PMID: 27905670 PMCID: PMC6529104 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used for bone regeneration, however, they are limited in quantity. Moreover, their proliferation and differentiation capabilities reduce during cell culture expansion. Potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported as a promising alternative source for bone regeneration. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on osteogenic potential of iPSCs and to discuss methods applied to enhance their osteogenic potential. METHODS AND MATERIALS A thorough search of MEDLINE database was performed from January 2006 to September 2016, limited to English-language articles. All in vitro and in vivo studies on application of iPSCs in bone regeneration were included. RESULTS The current review is organized according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were categorized according to three different approaches used for osteo-induction of iPSCs. Data are summarized and reported according to the following variables: types of study, cell sources used for iPSC generation, applied reprogramming methods, applied osteo-induction methods and treatment groups. CONCLUSION According to the articles reviewed, osteo-induced iPSCs revealed osteogenic capability equal to or superior than MSCs; cell sources do not significantly affect osteogenic potential of iPSCs; addition of resveratrol to the osteogenic medium (OM) and irradiatiation after osteogenic induction reduce teratoma formation in animal models; transfection with lentiviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 results in higher mineralization compared to osteo-induction in OM; addition of TGF-β, IGF-1 and FGF-β to OM increases osteogenic capability of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bastami
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pantea Nazeman
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamidreza Moslemi
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Medical Nano‐Technology & Tissue Engineering Research CenterSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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26
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Malhotra N. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells in Dentistry: A Review. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:176-185. [PMID: 27572712 PMCID: PMC5155713 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
iPS cells are derived from somatic cells via transduction and expression of selective transcription factors. Both viral-integrating (like retroviral) and non-integrating (like, mRNA or protein-based) techniques are available for the production of iPS cells. In the field of dentistry, iPS cells have been derived from stem cells of apical papilla, dental pulp stem cells, and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and buccal mucosa fibroblasts. iPS cells have the potential to differentiate into all derivatives of the 3 primary germ layers i.e. ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. They are autogeneically accessible, and can produce patient-specific or disease-specific cell lines without the issue of ethical controversy. They have been successfully tested to produce mesenchymal stem cells-like cells, neural crest-like cells, ameloblasts-like cells, odontoblasts-like cells, and osteoprogenitor cells. These cells can aid in regeneration of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum, dentin-pulp complex, as well as possible Biotooth formation. However certain key issues like, epigenetic memory of iPS cells, viral-transduction, tumorgenesis and teratoma formation need to be overcome, before they can be successfully used in clinical practice. The article discusses the sources, pros and cons, and current applications of iPS cells in dentistry with an emphasis on encountered challenges and their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Malhotra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Hypoxia enhances osteogenic differentiation in retinoic acid-treated murine-induced pluripotent stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:547-553. [PMID: 30603435 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic condition influences biological responses in various cell types. However, a hypoxic regulating osteogenic differentiation remains controversy. Here, an influence of short-term culture in hypoxic condition on osteogenic marker gene expression by retinoic acid-treated murine gingival fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (RA-miPS) was investigated. Results demonstrated that hypoxic condition significantly upregulated Vegf, Runx2, Osx, and Ocn mRNA expression by RA-miPS in normal culture medium at day 3. Further, desferrioxamine significantly downregulated pluripotent marker (Nanog and Oct4) and enhanced osteogenic marker (Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and Ocn) gene expression as well as promoted in vitro mineral deposition. However, the effect of cobalt chloride on osteogenic differentiation of RA-miPS was not robust. In summary, the results imply that hypoxic condition may be useful in the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation in RA-miPS. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13770-016-9127-9 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Wu Q, Yang B, Hu K, Cao C, Man Y, Wang P. Deriving Osteogenic Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:1-8. [PMID: 27392674 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from adult somatic cells using defined transcription factors, are regarded as a promising cell source for tissue engineering. For the purpose of bone tissue regeneration, efficient in vitro differentiation of iPSCs into downstream cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, or osteocyte-like cells, before use is necessary to limit undesired tumorogenesis associated with the pluripotency of iPSCs. Until recently numerous techniques on the production of iPSC-derived osteogenic progenitors have been introduced. We reviewed these protocols and provided a perspective on the comparisons of osteogenic potentials of (1) iPSC-derived osteogenic cells produced by different protocols, (2) iPSCs from different somatic origins, and (3) iPSC-derived MSC-like cells and bone marrow stem cells. Finally, we discussed the potential application of the diseased iPSCs for systematic bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Kevin Hu
- 2 University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cong Cao
- 3 Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yi Man
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
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Scaffold-Free Fabrication of Osteoinductive Cellular Constructs Using Mouse Gingiva-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6240794. [PMID: 27110251 PMCID: PMC4826709 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6240794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs are expected to provide osteoinductive materials to develop cell-based therapies for bone regeneration. The proliferation and spontaneous aggregation capability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) thus prompted us to fabricate a scaffold-free iPSC construct as a transplantation vehicle. Embryoid bodies of mouse gingival fibroblast-derived iPSCs (GF-iPSCs) were seeded in a cell chamber with a round-bottom well made of a thermoresponsive hydrogel. Collected ball-like cell constructs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium for 30 days with gentle shaking, resulting in significant upregulation of osteogenic marker genes. The constructs consisted of an inner region of unstructured cell mass and an outer osseous tissue region that was surrounded by osteoblast progenitor-like cells. The outer osseous tissue was robustly calcified with elemental calcium and phosphorous as well as hydroxyapatite. Subcutaneous transplantation of the GF-iPSC constructs into immunodeficient mice contributed to extensive ectopic bone formation surrounded by teratoma tissue. These results suggest that mouse GF-iPSCs could facilitate the fabrication of osteoinductive scaffold-free 3D cell constructs, in which the calcified regions and surrounding osteoblasts may function as scaffolds and drivers of osteoinduction, respectively. With incorporation of technologies to inhibit teratoma formation, this system could provide a promising strategy for bone regenerative therapies.
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30
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Oral biosciences: The annual review 2015. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ji J, Tong X, Huang X, Zhang J, Qin H, Hu Q. Patient-Derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Gingival Fibroblasts Composited With Defined Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Gelatin Porous Scaffolds as Potential Bone Graft Substitutes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:95-105. [PMID: 26586776 PMCID: PMC4704877 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells have always been the cell source for bone tissue engineering. However, their limitations are obvious, including ethical concerns and/or a short lifespan. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) could avoid these problems. Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is an important component of natural bone and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. However, its regulation on osteogenic differentiation with hiPSCs from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation of hiPSCs from patient-derived hGFs regulated by nHA/chitosan/gelatin (HCG) scaffolds with different nHA ratios, such as HCG-111 (1 wt/vol% nHA) and HCG-311 (3 wt/vol% nHA). First, hGFs were reprogrammed into hiPSCs, which have enhanced osteogenic differentiation capability. Second, HCG-111 and HCG-311 scaffolds were successfully synthesized. Finally, hiPSC/HCG complexes were cultured in vitro or subcutaneously transplanted into immunocompromised mice in vivo. The osteogenic differentiation effects of two types of HCG scaffolds on hiPSCs were assessed for up to 12 weeks. The results showed that HCG-311 increased osteogenic-related gene expression of hiPSCs in vitro proved by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and hiPSC/HCG-311 complexes formed much bone-like tissue in vivo, indicated by cone-beam computed tomography imaging, H&E staining, Masson staining, and RUNX-2, OCN immunohistochemistry staining. In conclusion, our study has shown that osteogenic differentiation of hiPSCs from hGFs was improved by HCG-311. The mechanism might be that the nHA addition stimulates osteogenic marker expression of hiPSCs from hGFs. Our work has provided an innovative autologous cell-based bone tissue engineering approach with soft tissues such as clinically abundant gingiva. SIGNIFICANCE The present study focused on patient-personalized bone tissue engineering. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were established from clinically easily derived human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and defined nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan/gelatin (HCG) scaffolds. hiPSCs derived from hGFs had better osteogenesis capability than that of hGFs. More interestingly, osteogenic differentiation of hiPSCs from hGFs was elevated significantly when composited with HCG-311 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. The present study has uncovered the important role of different nHA ratios in HCG scaffolds in osteogenesis induction of hiPSCs derived from hGFs. This technique could serve as a potential innovative approach for bone tissue engineering, especially large bone regeneration clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China Nanjing Key Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China Nanjing Key Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Yu G, Okawa H, Okita K, Kamano Y, Wang F, Saeki M, Yatani H, Egusa H. Gingival Fibroblasts as Autologous Feeders for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2016; 95:110-8. [PMID: 26467419 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515611602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) present an attractive source of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are expected to be a powerful tool for regenerative dentistry. However, problems to be addressed prior to clinical application include the use of animal-derived feeder cells for cultures. The aim of this study was to establish an autologous hGF-derived iPSC (hGF-iPSC) culture system by evaluating the feeder ability of hGFs. In both serum-containing and serum-free media, hGFs showed higher proliferation than human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). Three hGF strains were isolated under serum-free conditions, although 2 showed impaired proliferation. When hGF-iPSCs were transferred onto mitomycin C-inactivated hGFs, hDFs, or mouse-derived SNL feeders, hGF and SNL feeders were clearly hGF-iPSC supportive for more than 50 passages, whereas hDF feeders were only able to maintain undifferentiated hGF-iPSC growth for a few passages. After 20 passages on hGF feeders, embryonic stem cell marker expression and CpG methylation at the NANOG and OCT3/4 promoters were similar for hGF-iPSCs cultured on hGF and SNL feeder cells. Long-term cultures of hGF-iPSCs on hGF feeders sustained their normal karyotype and pluripotency. On hGF feeders, hGF-iPSC colonies were surrounded by many colony-derived fibroblast-like cells, and the size of intact colonies at 7 d after passage was significantly larger than that on SNL feeders. Allogeneic hGF strains also maintained hGF-iPSCs for 10 passages. Compared with hDFs, hGFs showed a higher production of laminin-332, laminin α5 chain, and insulin-like growth factor-II, which have been reported to sustain the long-term self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells. These results suggest that hGFs possess an excellent feeder capability and thus can be used as alternatives to conventional mouse-derived SNL and hDF feeders. In addition, our findings suggest that hGF feeders are promising candidates for animal component-free ex vivo expansion of autologous hGF-iPSCs, thus providing an important step toward the future therapeutic application of hGF-iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - H Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - F Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - M Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - H Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Wang F, Okawa H, Kamano Y, Niibe K, Kayashima H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Saeki M, Yatani H, Egusa H. Controlled Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tetracycline-Controlled Transcriptional Activation of Amelogenin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145677. [PMID: 26709694 PMCID: PMC4692545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dental therapies for bone tissues rely on efficient targeting of endogenous and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to guide bone formation. Amelogenin is the primary component of Emdogain, which is used to regenerate periodontal defects; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects on alveolar bone remain unclear. The tetracycline (Tet)-dependent transcriptional regulatory system is a good candidate to investigate distinct roles of genes of interest during stem cell differentiation. Here, we investigated amelogenin-dependent regulation of osteogenesis in MSCs by establishing a Tet-controlled transcriptional activation system. Clonal mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were lentivirally transduced with the Tet repressor (TetR) expression vector followed by drug selection to obtain MSCs constitutively expressing TetR (MSCs-TetR). Expression vectors that contained the Tet operator and amelogenin-coding (Amelx) cDNA fragments were constructed using the Gateway system and lentivirally introduced into MSCs-TetR to generate a Tet regulation system in MSCs (MSCs-TetR/Amelx). MSCs-TetR/Amelx significantly overexpressed the Amelx gene and protein in the presence of the tetracycline derivative doxycycline. Concomitant expression of osterix, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin was modulated by addition or removal of doxycycline under osteogenic guidance. During osteogenic induction, MSCs-TetR/Amelx treated with doxycycline showed significantly increased gene expression of osterix, type I collagen, BSP, and osteocalcin in addition to increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Enhanced extracellular matrix calcification was observed when forced Amelx expression commenced at the early stage but not at the intermediate or late stages of osteogenesis. These results suggest that a Tet-controlled Amelx gene regulation system for mouse MSCs was successfully established, in which transcriptional activation of Amelx was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation, especially in the early stage of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kayashima
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Abstract
The bone is a regenerative tissue, capable of healing itself after fractures. However, some circumstances such as critical-size defects, malformations, and tumor destruction may exceed the skeleton's capacity for self-repair. In addition, bone mass and strength decline with age, leading to an increase in fragility fractures. Therefore, the ability to generate large numbers of patient-specific osteoblasts would have enormous clinical implications for the treatment of skeletal defects and diseases. This review will highlight recent advances in the derivation of pluripotent stem cells, and in their directed differentiation towards bone-forming osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., S-025, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA,
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which leads to destruction of both the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium. Tissue engineering is a therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine that aims to induce new functional tissue regeneration via the synergistic combination of cells, biomaterials, and/or growth factors. Advances in our understanding of the biology of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, have provided opportunities for periodontal tissue engineering. However, there remain a number of limitations affecting their therapeutic efficiency. Due to the considerable proliferation and differentiation capacities, recently described induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new way for cell-based therapies for periodontal regeneration. This review outlines the latest status of periodontal tissue engineering and highlights the potential use of iPSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Du
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 West Wenhua Rd., Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324 Jingwu Rd., Jinan, 250000 People's Republic of China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 West Wenhua Rd., Jinan, 250012 People's Republic of China
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36
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Ji J, Tong X, Huang X, Wang T, Lin Z, Cao Y, Zhang J, Dong L, Qin H, Hu Q. Sphere-shaped nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/gelatin 3D porous scaffolds increase proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from gingival fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:045005. [PMID: 26154827 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important component of human bone and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. A plethora of bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been synthesized so far, including nano-HA/chitosan/gelatin (nHA/CG) scaffolds; and for seeding cells, stem cells, especially induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering recently. However, the influence of different HA nano-particle morphologies on the osteogenic differentiation of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation of hiPSCs from hGFs seeded on nHA/CG scaffolds with 2 shapes (rod and sphere) of nHA particles. Firstly, hGFs isolated from discarded normal gingival tissues were reprogrammed into hiPSCs. Secondly, hiPSCs were seeded on rod-like nHA/CG (rod-nHA/CG) and sphere-shaped nHA/CG (sphere-nHA/CG) scaffolds respectively and then cell/scaffold complexes were cultured in vitro. Scanning electron microscope, hematoxyline and eosin (HE) staining, Masson's staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to examine hiPSC morphology, proliferation, and differentiation on rod-nHA/CG and sphere-nHA/CG scaffolds. Finally, hiPSCs composited with 2 kinds of nHA/CG were transplanted in vivo in a subcutaneous implantation model for 12 weeks; pure scaffolds were also transplanted as a blank control. HE, Masson's, and immunohistochemistry staining were applied to detect new bone regeneration ability. The results showed that sphere-nHA/CG significantly increased hiPSCs from hGF proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. hiPSCs and sphere-nHA/CG composities generated large bone, whereas hiPSCs and rod-nHA/CG composities produced tiny bone in vivo. Moreover, pure scaffolds without cells almost produced no bone. In conclusion, our work provided a potential innovative bone tissue engineering approach using clinically discarded gingival tissues and sphere-nHA/CG scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China. Nanjing Key Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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37
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Okano H. Stem cell research and regenerative medicine in 2014: first year of regenerative medicine in Japan. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:2127-8. [PMID: 25192239 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is my great pleasure to announce that we were able to publish the Japan Issue in Stem Cells and Development, especially in this year 2014. This year, 2014, is said to be the First Year of Regenerative Medicine in Japan. This movement is likely to be based on the establishment of a new law system regarding regenerative medicine (an Act for Ensuring the Safety of Regenerative Medicine or the so-called Regenerative Medicine Law) and the partial revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (PAL). Both laws will come into effect in 2014 in this country. These new law systems are expected to have a great impact on the facilitation of R&D related to regenerative medicine and stem cell biology. In the present Japan Issue, some excellent stem cell research in this country will be introduced to celebrate the First Year of Regenerative Medicine in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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38
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39
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Ehnes DD, Geransar RM, Rancourt DE, Zur Nieden NI. Exogenous nitric oxide enhances calcification in embryonic stem cell-derived osteogenic cultures. Differentiation 2015; 89:97-103. [PMID: 25929821 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the involvement of nitric oxide in bone formation, homeostasis and healing has been extensively characterized, its role in directing pluripotent stem cells to the osteogenic lineage has not been described. Yet, the identification of chemical inducers that improve differentiation output to a particular lineage is highly valuable to the development of such cells for the cell-based treatment of osteo-degenerative diseases. This study aimed at investigating the instructive role of nitric oxide (NO) and its synthesizing enzymes on embryonic stem cell (ESC) osteogenic differentiation. Our findings showed that NO levels may support osteogenesis, but that the effect of nitric oxide on osteoblast differentiation may be specific to a particular time phase during the development of osteoblasts in vitro. Endogenously, nitric oxide was specifically secreted by osteogenic cultures during the calcification period. Simultaneously, messenger RNAs for both the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms (eNOS and iNOS) were upregulated during this late phase development. However, the specific eNOS inhibitor L-N(5)-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithine dihydrochloride attenuated calcification more so than the specific iNOS inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. Exogenous stage-specific supplementation of culture medium with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine increased the percentage of cells differentiating into osteoblasts and enhanced calcification. Our results point to a primary role for eNOS as a pro-osteogenic trigger in ESC differentiation and expand on the variety of supplements that may be used to direct ESC fate to the osteogenic lineage, which will be important in the development of cell-based therapies for osteo-degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Ehnes
- University of California Riverside, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - R M Geransar
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alta., Canada T2N 4N1
| | - D E Rancourt
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alta., Canada T2N 4N1
| | - N I Zur Nieden
- University of California Riverside, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alta., Canada T2N 4N1.
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40
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Improvement of In Vitro Osteogenic Potential through Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Dental Tissue towards Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:249098. [PMID: 25802529 PMCID: PMC4329829 DOI: 10.1155/2015/249098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraints for the application of MSCs for bone reconstruction include restricted self-renewal and limited cell amounts. iPSC technology presents advantages over MSCs, providing homogeneous cellular populations with prolonged self-renewal and higher plasticity. However, it is unknown if the osteogenic potential of iPSCs differs from that of MSCs and if it depends on the iPSCs originating cellular source. Here, we compared the in vitro osteogenesis between stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED) and MSC-like cells from iPSCs from SHED (iPS-SHED) and from human dermal fibroblasts (iPS-FIB). MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED and iPS-FIB displayed fibroblast-like morphology, downregulation of pluripotency markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers. Comparative in vitro osteogenesis analysis showed higher osteogenic potential in MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED followed by MSC-like cells from iPS-FIB and SHED. CD105 expression, reported to be inversely correlated with osteogenic potential in MSCs, did not display this pattern, considering that SHED presented lower CD105 expression. Higher osteogenic potential of MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED may be due to cellular homogeneity and/or to donor tissue epigenetic memory. Our findings strengthen the rationale for the use of iPSCs in bone bioengineering. Unveiling the molecular basis behind these differences is important for a thorough use of iPSCs in clinical scenarios.
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41
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Nagao S, Goto T, Kataoka S, Toyono T, Joujima T, Egusa H, Yatani H, Kobayashi S, Maki K. Expression of neuropeptide receptor mRNA during osteoblastic differentiation of mouse iPS cells. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:399-406. [PMID: 25464890 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have shown a relationship between nerves and bones. Recent evidence suggests that both sensory and sympathetic nerves affect bone metabolism; however, little is known about how neuropeptides are involved in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into osteoblastic (OB) cells. To evaluate the putative effects of neuropeptides during the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into calcified tissue-forming OB cells, we investigated the expression patterns of neuropeptide receptors at each differentiation stage. Mouse iPS cells were seeded onto feeder cells and then transferred to low-attachment culture dishes to form embryoid bodies (EBs). EBs were cultured for 4 weeks in osteoblastic differentiation medium. The expression of α1-adrenergic receptor (AR), α2-AR, β2-AR, neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1-R), neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2-R), calcitonin gene-related protein receptor (CGRP-R), and neurokinin 1-R (NK1-R) was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Among these neuropeptide receptors, CGRP-R and β2-AR were expressed at all stages of cell differentiation, including the iPS cell stage, with peak expression occurring at the early osteoblastic differentiation stage. Another sensory nervous system receptor, NK1-R, was expressed mainly in the late osteoblastic differentiation stage. Furthermore, CGRP-R mRNA showed an additional small peak corresponding to EBs cultured for 3 days, suggesting that EBs may be affected by serum CGRP. These data suggest that the sensory nervous system receptor CGRP-R and the sympathetic nervous system receptor β2-AR may be involved in the differentiation of iPS cells into the osteoblastic lineage. It follows from these findings that CGRP and β2-AR may regulate cell differentiation in the iPS and EB stages, and that each neuropeptide has an optimal period of influence during the differentiation process.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Nagao
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Division of Oral Anatomy and Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kataoka
- Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takaaki Joujima
- Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai-city 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Kenshi Maki
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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