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Levis H, Weston J, Austin B, Larsen B, Ginley-Hidinger M, Gullbrand SE, Lawrence B, Bowles RD. Multiplex gene editing to promote cell survival using low-pH clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats activation (CRISPRa) gene perturbation. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1069-1079. [PMID: 37245150 PMCID: PMC10527564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is often linked to degenerative disc disease (DDD), the breakdown of intervertebral discs. The majority of treatment options for DDD are palliative, with clinicians prescribing medication or physical therapy to return the patient to work. Cell therapies are promising treatment options with the potential to restore functional physiological tissue and treat the underlying causes of DDD. DDD is characterized by biochemical changes in the microenvironment of the disc, including changes in nutrient levels, hypoxia, and changes in pH. Stem cell therapies are promising therapies to treat DDD, but the acidic environment in a degenerating disc significantly hinders the viability of stem cells, affecting their efficacy. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems allow us to engineer cell phenotypes in a well-regulated and controlled manner. Recently, CRISPR gene perturbation screens have assessed fitness, growth and provided a means for specific cell phenotype characterization. METHODS In this study, we use a CRISPR-activation (a) gene perturbation screen to identify gene upregulation targets that enhance adipose-derived stem cell survival in acidic culture conditions. RESULTS We identified 1213 prospective pro-survival genes and systematically narrowed these down to 20 genes for validation. We further narrowed down our selection to the top five prospective genes using Cell Counting Kit-8 cell viability assays in naïve adipose-derived stem cells and ACAN/Col2 CRISPRa upregulated stem cells. Finally, we examined the extracellular matrix-producing abilities of multiplex ACAN/Col2-pro-survival edited cells in pellet culture. CONCLUSIONS Using the results from the CRISPRa screen, we are able to engineer desirable cell phenotypes to improve cell viability for the potential treatment of DDD and other disease states that expose cell therapies to acidic environments, while also providing broader knowledge on genes regulating low-pH cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Levis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jacob Weston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brooke Austin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bryce Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Gullbrand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandon Lawrence
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Zhao WJ, Liu X, Hu M, Zhang Y, Shi PZ, Wang JW, Lu XH, Cheng XF, Tao YP, Feng XM, Wang YX, Zhang L. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:842-865. [PMID: 37700818 PMCID: PMC10494568 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i8.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. Oxidative stress, which is highly associated with the progression of IDD, increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and weakens the differentiation ability of NPMSCs in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). Quercetin (Que) has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress in diverse degenerative diseases. AIM To investigate the role of Que in oxidative stress-induced NPMSC damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS In vitro, NPMSCs were isolated from rat tails. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses were used to evaluated the protective effects of Que. Meanwhile the relationship between miR-34a-5p and Sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To explore whether Que modulates tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 pathway, we used adenovirus vectors to overexpress and downregulate the expression of miR-34a-5p and used SIRT1 siRNA to knockdown SIRT1 expression. In vivo, a puncture-induced rat IDD model was constructed, and X rays and histological analysis were used to assess whether Que could alleviate IDD in vivo. RESULTS We found that TBHP can cause NPMSCs senescence changes, such as reduced cell proliferation ability, increased SA-β-Gal activity, cell cycle arrest, the accumulation of ROS, and increased expression of senescence-related proteins. While abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated by Que treatment. Que decreased the expression levels of senescence-related proteins (p16, p21, and p53) and senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), including IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-13, and it increased the expression of SIRT1. In addition, the protective effects of Que on cell senescence were partially reversed by miR-34a-5p overexpression and SIRT1 knockdown. In vivo, X-ray, and histological analyses indicated that Que alleviated IDD in a puncture-induced rat model. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study provides evidence that Que reduces oxidative stress-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Que may be a potential agent for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhao
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Man Hu
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Shi
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun-Wu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu-Hua Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Chen J, Zhu H, Xia J, Zhu Y, Xia C, Hu Z, Jin Y, Wang J, He Y, Dai J, Hu Z. High-Performance Multi-Dynamic Bond Cross-Linked Hydrogel with Spatiotemporal siRNA Delivery for Gene-Cell Combination Therapy of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206306. [PMID: 37078785 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people, still lack effective and precise treatments. In this study, a novel hydrogel system with many extraordinary properties is developed for gene-cell combination therapy of IVDD. Phenylboronic acid-modified G5 PAMAM (G5-PBA) is first synthesized, and therapeutic siRNA silencing the expression of P65 mixed with G5-PBA (siRNA@G5-PBA) is then embedded into the hydrogel (siRNA@G5-PBA@Gel) based on multi-dynamic bonds including acyl hydrazone bonds, imine linkage, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions. Local and acidic inflammatory microenvironment-responsive gene-drug release can achieve spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. In addition, gene-drug release from the hydrogel can be sustained for more than 28 days in vitro and in vivo, greatly inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and the subsequent degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through prolonged inhibition of the P65/NLRP3 signaling pathway, the siRNA@G5-PBA@Gel is verified to relieve inflammatory storms, which can significantly enhance the regeneration of IVD when combined with cell therapy. Overall, this study proposes an innovative system for gene-cell combination therapy and a precise and minimally invasive treatment method for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiechao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yutao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zehui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiayong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration, Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Chen S, Wang Y, Wu H, Fang X, Wang C, Wang N, Xie L. Research hotspots and trends of microRNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:302. [PMID: 37061725 PMCID: PMC10105931 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various pathological processes, such as proliferation, growth, and apoptosis, of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and play an important role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Although some studies have reported the role of miRNAs in IDD, scientific econometric analysis in this field is not available. OBJECTIVES We designed this study to describe the current research trends and potential mechanisms associated with the role of miRNAs in IDD and to provide new ideas for future research in this field. METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the publications on the role of miRNAs in IDD included in the Web of Science core collection database to elucidate the current research trends in this field. The potential mechanisms were constructed using the Arrowsmith project. RESULTS We found that the number of miRNAs and IDD-related publications increased over the years. China was the most important contributor to research in this field. The top three institutions in terms of number of articles published were Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Xi'an Jiao Tong University. Shanghai Jiao Tong University had the highest number of citations. Experimental and thermal medicine had the maximum number of documents, and Cell promotion had the most citations. The journal with the most mean times cited per study was Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. The author Wang K had the highest number of publications, and Wang HQ had the highest number of citations. These two authors made important contributions to the research in this field. The keyword analysis showed that recent studies have focused on miRNAs regulating nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and proliferation. Moreover, we revealed the potential mechanisms of miRNAs associated with IDD, including miRNAs regulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, mediating cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration, and participating in inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the knowledge map of miRNAs and IDD-related research through bibliometric analysis and elucidated the current research status and hotspots in this field. The mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the apoptosis and proliferation of degenerated IVDs, promote ECM degradation, mediate CEP degeneration, and participate in inflammatory responses should be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanxi Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Hu C, Zhong W, Chen Z, Peng J, Li J, Tang K, Quan Z. Comparison of the Outcomes between AO Type B2 Thoracolumbar Fracture with and without Disc Injury after Posterior Surgery. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:2119-2131. [PMID: 35929591 PMCID: PMC9483068 DOI: 10.1111/os.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The type AO B2 thoracolumbar fracture is a kind of flexion‐distraction injury and the effect of disc injury on treatment results of patients with B2 fracture remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to compare and analyze the outcomes in AO Type B2 thoracolumbar fracture patients with and without disc injuries in terms of the Cobb angle of kyphosis, the incidence of complication, and the rate of implant failure. Methods This is a retrospective study. Of the 486 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent posterior fixation, 38 patients with AO type B2 injuries were included. All the patients were divided into two groups according to changes in the adjoining discs. Disc injury group A included 17 patients and no disc injury group included 21 patients. Clinical and radiologic parameters were evaluated before surgery, after surgery, and at follow‐up. Clinical outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, incidence of complications, and incidence of implant failure. Radiologic assessment was accomplished with the Cobb angle (CA), local kyphosis (LK), percentage of anterior vertebral height (AVBH%), intervertebral disc height, and intervertebral disc angle. Fisher's precision probability tests were employed and chi square test were used to compare categorical variables. Paired sample t tests and independent‐sample t tests were used to compare continuous data. Results Disc injury mainly involved the cranial disc (15/19, 78.9%). The mean follow‐up period for the patients was 30.2 ± 20.1 months. No neurologic deterioration was reported in the patients at the last follow‐up. Radiological outcomes at the last follow‐up showed significant differences in the CA (18.59° ± 13.74° vs 8.16° ± 9.99°, P = 0.008), LK (12.74° ± 8.00° vs 6.55° ± 4.89°, P = 0.006), and %AVBH (77.16% vs 90.83%, P = 0.01) between the two groups.Implant failure occurred after posterior fixation in five patients with disc injury who did not undergo interbody fusion during the initial surgery. Additionally, in the subgroup analysis, interbody fusion in the implant failure group were significantly different than in the no implant failure group (0% vs 75%, P = 0.009). Conclusions AO B2 fracture patients with disc injury have higher risk of complications, especially implant failure after posterior surgery. Interbody fusion should be considered in AO type B2 fracture patients with disc injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junmu Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu L, Yang Y, Yan Z, Zeng J, Weng F, Shi Y, Shen P, Liu L, Yang H. Controlled Release of TGF-β3 for Effective Local Endogenous Repair in IDD Using Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2079-2096. [PMID: 35592099 PMCID: PMC9113136 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s358396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
- Lifan Zhu, Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincai Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengbiao Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215200, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huilin Yang, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Edifying the Focal Factors Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells by the Microenvironment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Low Back Pain. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:6235400. [PMID: 35386857 PMCID: PMC8977320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6235400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main triggers of low back pain, which is most often associated with patient morbidity and high medical costs. IVDD triggers a wide range of pathologies and clinical syndromes like paresthesia, weakness of extremities, and intermittent/chronic back pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated to possess immunomodulatory functions as well as the capability of differentiating into chondrocytes under appropriate microenvironment conditions, which makes them potentially epitome for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. The IVD microenvironment is composed by niche of cells, and their chemical and physical milieus have been exhibited to have robust influence on MSC behavior as well as differentiation. Nevertheless, the contribution of MSCs to the IVD milieu conditions in healthy as well as degeneration situations is still a matter of debate. It is still not clear which factors, if any, are essential for effective and efficient MSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. IVD microenvironment clues such as nucleopulpocytes, potential of hydrogen (pH), osmotic changes, glucose, hypoxia, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and hydrogels are capable of influencing the MSCs aimed for the treatment of IVDD. Therefore, clinical usage of MSCs ought to take into consideration these microenvironment clues during treatment. Alteration in these factors could function as prognostic indicators during the treatment of patients with IVDD using MSCs. Thus, standardized valves for these microenvironment clues are warranted.
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McDonnell EE, Buckley CT. Consolidating and re-evaluating the human disc nutrient microenvironment. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1192. [PMID: 35386756 PMCID: PMC8966889 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite exciting advances in regenerative medicine, cell‐based strategies for treating degenerative disc disease remain in their infancy. To maximize the potential for successful clinical translation, a more thorough understanding of the in vivo microenvironment is needed to better determine and predict how cell therapies will respond when administered in vivo. Aims This work aims to reflect on the in vivo nutrient microenvironment of the degenerating IVD through consolidating what has already been measured together with investigative in silico models. Materials and Methods This work uses in silico modeling, underpinned by more recent experimentally determined parameters of degeneration and nutrient transport from the literature, to re‐evaluate the current knowledge in terms of grade‐specific stages of degeneration. Results Through modeling only the metabolically active cell population, this work predicts slightly higher glucose concentrations compared to previous in silico models, while the predicted results show good agreement with previous intradiscal pH and oxygen measurements. Increasing calcification with degeneration limits nutrient transport into the IVD and initiates a build‐up of acidity; however, its effect is compensated somewhat by a reduction in diffusional distance due to decreasing disc height. Discussion This work advances in silico modeling through a strong foundation of experimentally determined grade‐specific input parameters. Taken together, pre‐existing measurements and predicted results suggest that metabolite concentrations may not be as critically low as commonly believed, with calcification not appearing to have a detrimental effect at stages of degeneration when cell therapies are an appropriate intervention. Conclusion Overall, our initiative is to provoke greater deliberation and consideration of the nutrient microenvironment when performing in vitro cell culture and cell therapy development. This work highlights urgency for robust experimental glucose measurements in healthy and degenerating IVDs, not only to validate in silico models but to significantly advance the field in fully elucidating the nutrient microenvironment and refining in vitro techniques to accelerate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E McDonnell
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Conor T Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
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Ling Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen B, Yang J, Zeng B, Gao Y, Jiang C, Huang Y, Zou X, Wang X, Wei F. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Macrophage Involved in the Progression of Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:833420. [PMID: 35295968 PMCID: PMC8918513 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.833420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been considered as the primary pathological mechanism that underlies low back pain. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying human IDD is imperative for making strategies to treat IDD-related diseases. Herein, we report the molecular programs, lineage progression patterns, and paths of cellular communications during the progression of IDD using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells from patients with different grades of IDD undergoing discectomy. New subtypes of cells and cell-type-specific gene signatures of the metabolic homeostatic NP cells (Met NPC), adhesive NP cells (Adh NPC), inflammatory response NP cells (IR NPC), endoplasmic reticulum stress NP cells (ERS NPC), fibrocartilaginous NP cells (Fc NPC), and CD70 and CD82+ progenitor NP cells (Pro NPC) were identified. In the late stage of IDD, the IR NPC and Fc NPC account for a large proportion of NPC. Importantly, immune cells including macrophages, T cells, myeloid progenitors, and neutrophils were also identified, and further analysis showed that significant intercellular interaction between macrophages and Pro NPC occurred via MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and NF-kB signaling pathways during the progression of IDD. In addition, dynamic polarization of macrophage M1 and M2 cell subtypes was found in the progression of IDD, and gene set functional enrichment analysis suggested a significant role of the macrophage polarization in regulating cell metabolism, especially the Pro NPC. Finally, we found that the NP cells in the late degenerative stage were mainly composed of the cell types related to inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) response, and fibrocartilaginous activity. Our results provided new insights into the identification of NP cell populations at single-cell resolution and at the relatively whole-transcriptome scale, accompanied by cellular communications between immune cells and NP cells, and discriminative markers in relation to specific cell subsets. These new findings present clues for effective and functional manipulation of human IDD-related bioremediation and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baozhu Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxin Wei, ; Xiuhui Wang,
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxin Wei, ; Xiuhui Wang,
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10
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Khalid S, Ekram S, Salim A, Chaudhry GR, Khan I. Transcription regulators differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into chondroprogenitors, and their in vivo implantation regenerated the intervertebral disc degeneration. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:163-182. [PMID: 35432734 PMCID: PMC8963382 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of lower back pain. Disc degeneration is characterized by reduced cellularity and decreased production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been envisioned as a promising treatment for degenerative illnesses. Cell-based therapy using ECM-producing chondrogenic derivatives of MSCs has the potential to restore the functionality of the intervertebral disc (IVD).
AIM To investigate the potential of chondrogenic transcription factors to promote differentiation of human umbilical cord MSCs into chondrocytes, and to assess their therapeutic potential in IVD regeneration.
METHODS MSCs were isolated and characterized morphologically and immunologically by the expression of specific markers. MSCs were then transfected with Sox-9 and Six-1 transcription factors to direct differentiation and were assessed for chondrogenic lineage based on the expression of specific markers. These differentiated MSCs were implanted in the rat model of IVDD. The regenerative potential of transplanted cells was investigated using histochemical and molecular analyses of IVDs.
RESULTS Isolated cells showed fibroblast-like morphology and expressed CD105, CD90, CD73, CD29, and Vimentin but not CD45 antigens. Overexpression of Sox-9 and Six-1 greatly enhanced the gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 gene, BMP, Sox-9, Six-1, and Aggrecan, and protein expression of Sox-9 and Six-1. The implanted cells integrated, survived, and homed in the degenerated intervertebral disc. Histological grading showed that the transfected MSCs regenerated the IVD and restored normal architecture.
CONCLUSION Genetically modified MSCs accelerate cartilage regeneration, providing a unique opportunity and impetus for stem cell-based therapeutic approach for degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Khalid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ekram
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - G. Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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11
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Wu X, Sun W. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Stem Cells in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793363. [PMID: 35096823 PMCID: PMC8793284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain related to degradation of cartilaginous tissues, mainly resulting from oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exist in all bodily fluids and can be produced by all types of cells. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs), which are the main paracrine components of stem cells, have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Over the past years, accumulating evidence indicates the therapeutic and diagnostic potentials of EVs in IVDD. The main mechanisms involve the induction of regenerative phenotypes, apoptosis alleviation, and immune modulation. In addition, the efficiency of SC-EVs can be enhanced by choosing appropriate donor cells and cell phenotypes, optimizing cell culture conditions, or engineering EVs to deliver drugs and targeting molecules. Given the importance and novelty of SC-EVs, we give an overview of SC-EVs and discuss the roles of SC-EVs in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhuang Y, Song S, Xiao D, Liu X, Han X, Du S, Li Y, He Y, Zhang S. Exosomes Secreted by Nucleus Pulposus Stem Cells Derived From Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Exacerbate Annulus Fibrosus Cell Degradation via Let-7b-5p. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:766115. [PMID: 35111808 PMCID: PMC8802296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.766115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is complex and remains unclear. Nucleus pulposus stem cells (NPSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) play a critical role in the maintenance of intervertebral disc structure and function. Exosome-mediated miRNAs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and degradation. However, it is not clear whether the degenerative intervertebral disc-derived nucleus pulposus stem cells (D-NPSCs) can regulate the function of AFCs by delivering exosomes. Here, we show that exosomes secreted by nucleus pulposus stem cells derived from degenerative intervertebral disc (D-DPSC-exo) can exacerbate AFC degeneration via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, matrix synthesis, and promoting apoptosis. Specifically, let-7b-5p was highly expressed in D-DPSC-exo. Transfection of let-7b-5p mimic was found to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation migration and matrix synthesis of AFCs. In addition, transfection with let-7b-5p inhibitor caused the effect of D-DPSC-exo on AFCs to be reversed. Furthermore, we found that D-DPSC-exo and let-7b-5p inhibited IGF1R expression and blocked the activation of the PI3K–Akt pathway. Results suggested that NPSC-exo exacerbated cell degeneration of AFCs via let-7b-5p, accompanied by inhibition of IGF1R expression, and PI3K–Akt pathway activation. Therefore, insights from this work may provide a clue for targeted molecular therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhuang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sheng Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueguang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shihao Du
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanming He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Shujun Zhang,
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13
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He R, Wang Z, Cui M, Liu S, Wu W, Chen M, Wu Y, Qu Y, Lin H, Chen S, Wang B, Shao Z. HIF1A Alleviates compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus derived stem cells via upregulating autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3338-3360. [PMID: 33455530 PMCID: PMC8632345 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary pathological mechanism that underlies low back pain. Overloading-induced cell death, especially endogenous stem cell death, is the leading factor that undermines intrinsic repair and aggravates IDD. Previous research has separately studied the effect of oxygen concentration and mechanical loading in IDD. However, how these two factors synergistically influence endogenous repair remains unclear. Therefore, we established in vitro and in vivo models to study the mechanisms by which hypoxia interacted with overloading-induced cell death of the nucleus pulposus derived stem cells (NPSCs). We found the content of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) and the number of NPSCs decreased with disc degeneration in both rats and human discs. Hence, we isolated this subpopulation from rat discs and treated them simultaneously with hypoxia and excessive mechanical stress. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia exerted protective effect on NPSCs under compression, partially through elevating macroautophagy/autophagy. Proteomics and knockdown experiments further revealed HIF1A-BNIP3-ATG7 axis mediated the increase in autophagy flux, in which HMOX1 and SLC2A1 were also involved. Moreover, HIF1A-overexpressing NPSCs exhibited stronger resistance to over-loading induced apoptosis in vitro. They also showed higher survival rates, along with elevated autophagy after being intra-disc transplanted into over-loaded discs. Jointly, both in vivo and in vitro experiments proved the anti-apoptotic effect of HIF1A on NPSCs under the excessive mechanical loading, suggesting that restoring hypoxia and manipulating autophagy is crucial to maintain the intrinsic repair and to retard disc degeneration.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACAN: aggrecan; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CASP3: caspase 3; CCK8: cell counting kit-8; CHT: chetomin; CMP: compression; CoCl2: cobalt chloride; COL2A1: collagen type II alpha 1 chain; Ctrl: control; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEP: differentially expressed protein; DiR: 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl indotricarbocyanine; ECM: extracellular matrix; FCM: flow cytometry; GD2: disialoganglioside GD 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GO: gene ontology; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; H&E: hematoxylin-eosin; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HK2: hexokinase 2; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; HX: hypoxia mimicry; IDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IVD: intervertebral disc; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LBP: low back pain; Lv: lentivirus; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NC: negative control; NIR: near-infrared; NP: nucleus pulposus; NPC: nucleus pulposus cell; NPSC: nucleus pulposus derived stem cell; NX: normoxia; PPI: protein-protein interactions; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEK/TIE2: TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Wiersema T, Tellegen AR, Beukers M, van Stralen M, Wouters E, van de Vooren M, Woike N, Mihov G, Thies JC, Creemers LB, Tryfonidou MA, Meij BP. Prospective Evaluation of Local Sustained Release of Celecoxib in Dogs with Low Back Pain. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081178. [PMID: 34452138 PMCID: PMC8398998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Back pain affects millions globally and in 40% of the cases is attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration. Oral analgesics are associated with adverse systemic side-effects and insufficient pain relief. Local drug delivery mitigates systemic effects and accomplishes higher local dosing. Clinical efficacy of intradiscally injected celecoxib (CXB)-loaded polyesteramide microspheres (PEAMs) was studied in a randomized prospective double-blinded placebo controlled veterinary study. Client-owned dog patients suffering from back pain were treated with CXB-loaded (n = 20) or unloaded PEAMs ("placebo") (n = 10) and evaluated by clinical examination, gait analysis, owners' questionnaires, and MRI at 6 and 12 weeks follow-up. At 6 and 12 weeks, CXB-treated dogs experienced significantly less pain interference with their daily life activities compared to placebo. The risk ratio for treatment success was 1.90 (95% C.I. 1.24-2.91, p = 0.023) at week 6 and 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.10-3.45, p = 0.036) at week 12. The beneficial effects of CXB-PEAMs were more pronounced for the subpopulation of male dogs and those with no Modic changes in MRI at inclusion in the study; disc protrusion did not affect the outcome. It remains to be determined whether intradiscal injection of CXB-PEAMs, in addition to analgesic properties, has the ability to halt the degenerative process in the long term or restore the disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijn Wiersema
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
| | - Anna R. Tellegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
| | - Marijn van Stralen
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik Wouters
- Anicura Dierenziekenhuis Dordrecht, Jan Valsterweg 26, 3315 LG Dordrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Mandy van de Vooren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
| | - Nina Woike
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands; (N.W.); (G.M.); (J.C.T.)
| | - George Mihov
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands; (N.W.); (G.M.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Jens C. Thies
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands; (N.W.); (G.M.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.T.); (B.P.M.)
| | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.W.); (A.R.T.); (M.B.); (M.v.d.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.T.); (B.P.M.)
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15
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Bian J, Cai F, Chen H, Tang Z, Xi K, Tang J, Wu L, Xu Y, Deng L, Gu Y, Cui W, Chen L. Modulation of Local Overactive Inflammation via Injectable Hydrogel Microspheres. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2690-2698. [PMID: 33543616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although injectable hydrogel microsphere has demonstrated tremendous promise in clinical applications, local overactive inflammation in degenerative diseases could jeopardize biomaterial implantation's therapeutic efficacy. Herein, an injectable "peptide-cell-hydrogel" microsphere was constructed by covalently coupling of APETx2 and further loading of nucleus pulposus cells, which could inhibit local inflammatory cytokine storms to regulate the metabolic balance of ECM in vitro. The covalent coupling of APETx2 preserved the biocompatibility of the microspheres and achieved a controlled release of APETx2 for more than 28 days in an acidic environment. By delivering "peptide-cell-hydrogel" microspheres to a rat degenerative intervertebral disc at 4 weeks, the expression of ASIC-3 and IL-1β was significantly decreased for 3.53-fold and 7.29-fold, respectively. Also, the content of ECM was significantly recovered at 8 weeks. In summary, the proposed strategy provides an effective approach for tissue regeneration under overactive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhou Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang W, Guo Z, Yang F, Cai X, Xiong L. Current Progress in the Endogenous Repair of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Based on Progenitor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:629088. [PMID: 33553131 PMCID: PMC7862573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.629088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is one of the most common musculoskeletal disease. Current clinical treatment paradigms for IVD degeneration cannot completely restore the structural and biomechanical functions of the IVD. Bio-therapeutic techniques focused on progenitor/stem cells, especially IVD progenitor cells, provide promising options for the treatment of IVD degeneration. Endogenous repair is an important self-repair mechanism in IVD that can allow the IVD to maintain a long-term homeostasis. The progenitor cells within IVD play a significant role in IVD endogenous repair. Improving the adverse microenvironment in degenerative IVD and promoting progenitor cell migration might be important strategies for implementation of the modulation of endogenous repair of IVD. Here, we not only reviewed the research status of treatment of degenerative IVD based on IVD progenitor cells, but also emphasized the concept of endogenous repair of IVD and discussed the potential new research direction of IVD endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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18
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Wang Z, Cui M, Qu Y, He R, Wu W, Lin H, Shao Z. Hypoxia Protects Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Compression-Induced Apoptosis in the Degenerative Disc Microenvironment Through Activation of the HIF-1α/YAP Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1309-1319. [PMID: 32799744 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy provides an attractive solution for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the degenerative microenvironment, characterized by excessive mechanical loading and hypoxia, remains an obstacle for the long-lasting survival of exogenous transplanted stem cells. Whether and how bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adapt to the hostile microenvironment remain unclear. In this study, CoCl2 and mechanical compression were simultaneously used to simulate the hypoxic and overloaded microenvironment of IVDs in vitro. Compression had a proapoptotic effect through activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, while hypoxia exerted a prosurvival effect counteracting compression-induced apoptosis. Inhibiting the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) by chetomin reversed the antiapoptotic effect of hypoxia. Furthermore, HIF-1α promoted dephosphorylation and activation of yes-associated protein (YAP) in hypoxic conditions. Conversely, both YAP inhibition and increased cell apoptosis were observed after inhibition through chetomin or YAP inhibitor verteporfin. Immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that YAP could interact directly with HIF-1α and colocalize in the nucleus. Taken together, our results demonstrated that hypoxia protected BMSCs against compression-induced apoptosis in the degenerative disc microenvironment through activation of the HIF-1α/YAP signaling pathway. Thus, regulation of HIF-1α/YAP signaling might provide novel insights for promoting long-lasting BMSC survival and optimizing stem cell therapy for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruijun He
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zeng X, Lin J, Wu H, Yu J, Tu M, Cheang LH, Zhang J. Effect of Conditioned Medium from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Rejuvenation of Nucleus Pulposus Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Degenerated Intervertebral Disc. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:257-267. [PMID: 32587132 PMCID: PMC7378895 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based treatment for degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) has been proposed recently. We here addressed whether MSC secreted factors can rejuvenate nucleus pulposus-derived stem/progenitor cells from degenerated disc (D-NPSCs) in vitro. Methods and Results We analyzed the expression of MSCs and NP cell specific surface markers, pluripotency related genes, multilineage potential and cell proliferative capacity of D-NPSCs upon incubation with the conditioned medium which was collected from the umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs). Our results indicated that the conditioned medium restore the stemness of D-NPSCs by up-regulating the expression level of CD29 and CD105, pluripotency related genes OCT4 and Nanog, and NP progenitor marker Tie2. The increased stemness was accompanied by promoted cell proliferative capacity and improved osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Conclusions Our findings suggested that the UCMSCs derived conditioned medium might be used to rejuvenate the degenerated NP stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lek Hang Cheang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, Macao, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Farhang N, Davis B, Weston J, Ginley-Hidinger M, Gertz J, Bowles RD. Synergistic CRISPRa-Regulated Chondrogenic Extracellular Matrix Deposition Without Exogenous Growth Factors. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1169-1179. [PMID: 32460686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have shown promise for regenerative treatment for musculoskeletal conditions, but their success is mixed. To enhance regenerative effects, growth factors are utilized to induce differentiation into native cell types, but uncontrollable in vivo conditions inhibit differentiation, and precise control of expressed matrix proteins is difficult to achieve. To address these issues, we investigated a novel method of enhancing regenerative phenotype through direct upregulation of major cartilaginous tissue proteins, aggrecan (ACAN), and collagen II (COL2A1) using dCas9-VPR CRISPR gene activation systems. We demonstrated increased expression and deposition of targeted proteins independent of exogenous growth factors in pellet culture. Singular upregulation of COL2A1/ACAN interestingly indicates that COL2A1 upregulation mediates the highest sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition, in addition to collagen II deposition. Through RNA-seq analysis, this was shown to occur by COL2A1 upregulation mediating broader chondrogenic gene expression changes. Multiplex upregulation of COL2A1 and ACAN together resulted in the highest sGAG, and collagen II deposition, with levels comparable to those in chondrogenic growth factor-differentiated pellets. Overall, this work indicates dCas9-VPR systems can robustly upregulate COL2A1 and ACAN deposition without growth factors, to provide a novel, precise method of controlling stem cell phenotype for cartilage and intervertebral disc cell therapies and tissue engineering. Impact statement Stem cell therapies have come about as a potential regenerative treatment for musculoskeletal disease, but clinically, they have mixed results. To improve stem cell therapies, growth factors are used to aid a regenerative cell phenotype, but their effects are inhibited by in vivo musculoskeletal disease environments. This article describes CRISPR gene activation-based cell engineering methods that provide a growth factor-free method of inducing chondrogenic extracellular matrix deposition. This method is demonstrated to be as/more potent as growth factors in inducing a chondrogenic phenotype in pellet culture, indicating potential utility as a method of enhancing stem cell therapies for musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Farhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bryton Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jacob Weston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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21
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Tang G, Zhou B, Li F, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu C, Ye X. Advances of Naturally Derived and Synthetic Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disk Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:745. [PMID: 32714917 PMCID: PMC7344321 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is associated with most cases of cervical and lumbar spine pathologies, amongst which chronic low back pain has become the primary cause for loss of quality-adjusted life years. Biomaterials science and tissue engineering have made significant progress in the replacement, repair and regeneration of IVD tissue, wherein hydrogel has been recognized as an ideal biomaterial to promote IVD regeneration in recent years. Aspects such as ease of use, mechanical properties, regenerative capacity, and their applicability as carriers for regenerative and anti-degenerative factors determine their suitability for IVD regeneration. This current review provides an overview of naturally derived and synthetic hydrogels that are related to their clinical applications for IVD regeneration. Although each type has its own unique advantages, it rarely becomes a standard product in truly clinical practice, and a more rational design is proposed for future use of biomaterials for IVD regeneration. This review aims to provide a starting point and inspiration for future research work on development of novel biomaterials and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Li M, Li R, Yang S, Yang D, Gao X, Sun J, Ding W, Ma L. Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Acidic pH-Induced Damage in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922928. [PMID: 32436493 PMCID: PMC7257871 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exosomes (Exo) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of attenuating the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) elicited by proinflammatory cytokines. However, it remains unknown whether MSC-derived Exo also exert a protective effect on NPCs in the pathological acid environment. Material/Methods NPCs were divided into 3 groups: Group A, pH 7.1–7.3; Group B, pH 6.5–6.7 and Group C, pH 5.9–6.1. The NPCs were cultured in the above-defined acidic medium, and 3 different amounts of Exo were added into the media. Finally, the expression of the caspase-3, aggrecan, collagen II, and MMP-13 was analyzed and compared among the different groups. Results Compared with cells cultured at pH 7.1–7.3 (Group A), proliferation activity of NPCs cultured at pH 5.9–6.7 (Group B and C) decreased significantly. Collagen II and aggrecan expression was also obviously reduced with the decrease of cell proliferation. Conversely, the expression of caspase-3 and MMP-13 significantly increased. Further experiments showed that proliferation activity was significantly attenuated in NPCs cultured at pH 5.9–6.1 without Exo treatment (Group E) compared with those cultured at pH 7.1–7.3 without Exo treatment (Group D). Conclusions In the pathological acid environment, MSC-derived Exo promotes the expression of chondrocyte extracellular matrix, collagen II, and aggrecan, and reduces matrix degradation by downregulating matrix-degrading enzymes, protecting NPCs from acidic pH-induced apoptosis. This study reveals a promising strategy for treatment of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xianda Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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23
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Farhang N, Silverman L, Bowles RD. Improving Cell Therapy Survival and Anabolism in Harsh Musculoskeletal Disease Environments. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:348-366. [PMID: 32070243 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are an up and coming technology in orthopedic medicine that has the potential to provide regenerative treatments for musculoskeletal disease. Despite numerous cell therapies showing preclinical success for common musculoskeletal indications of disc degeneration and osteoarthritis, there have been mixed results when testing these therapies in humans during clinical trials. A theory behind the mixed success of these cell therapies is that the harsh microenvironments of the disc and knee they are entering inhibit their anabolism and survival. Therefore, there is much ongoing research looking into how to improve the survival and anabolism of cell therapies within these musculoskeletal disease environments. This includes research into improving cell function under specific microenvironmental conditions known to exist in the intervertebral disc (IVD) and knee environment such as hypoxia, low-nutrient conditions, hyperosmolarity, acidity, and inflammation. This research also includes improving differentiation of cells into desired native cell phenotypes to better enhance their survival and anabolism in the knee and IVD. This review highlights the effects of specific musculoskeletal microenvironmental challenges on cell therapies and what research is being done to overcome these challenges. Impact statement While there has been significant clinical interest in using cell therapies for musculoskeletal pathologies in the knee and intervertebral disc, cell therapy clinical trials have had mixed outcomes. The information presented in this review includes the environmental challenges (i.e., acidic pH, inflammation, hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and low nutrition) that cell therapies experience in these pathological musculoskeletal environments. This review summarizes studies that describe various approaches to improving the therapeutic capability of cell therapies in these harsh environments. The result is an overview of what approaches can be targeted and/or combined to develop a more consistent cell therapy for musculoskeletal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Farhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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24
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Liu Y, Li Y, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Wang JC, Feng XM, Zhang L. The effect of high glucose on the biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:130-140. [PMID: 31957071 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a dependent risk factor in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). High glucose supply has negative effects on nucleus pulpous (NP) cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology. However, the effect of hyperglycaemia on the biological characterization of nucleus pulpous-derived mesenchymal stem cell (NPMSC) has not been investigated previously. Therefore, further exploration of the effects of DM-associated hyperglycaemia on NPMSC biology is important to better understand and develop endogenous repair strategies of DM patient-associated IVDD. Therefore, the cell biological characteristics were compared between NPMSC cultured in media with low glucose concentration (LG-NPMSC) and high glucose concentration (HG-NPMSC). The results demonstrated that HG-NPMSC showed significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound-healing capability compared with those of LG-NPMSC. HG-NPMSC also showed significantly decreased expressions of stemness genes and mRNA and protein expressions of silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1), SIRT6, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and caspase-3 expression. These results suggest that high glucose may decrease proliferation and stemness maintenance ability and increase apoptosis and senescence of NPMSC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: We found that high glucose concentration significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound-healing capability of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, high glucose cultured nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed significantly decreased expression of stemness genes, related mRNA and protein, whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and expression of caspase-3. The present study indicated that better control of high concentration glucose in the early stage of diabetes mellitus should be recommended to prevent or limit intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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25
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Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment: From Cell Therapy to Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2376172. [PMID: 32587618 PMCID: PMC7294366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2376172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) in one of the most disabling symptoms affecting nearly 80% of the population worldwide. Its primary cause seems to be intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD): a chronic and progressive process characterized by loss of viable cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown within the intervertebral disc (IVD) especially in its inner region, the nucleus pulposus (NP). Over the last decades, innovative biological treatments have been investigated in order to restore the original healthy IVD environment and achieve disc regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely exploited in regenerative medicine for their capacity to be easily harvested and be able to differentiate along the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages and to secrete a wide range of trophic factors that promote tissue homeostasis along with immunomodulation and anti-inflammation. Several in vitro and preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs are able to acquire a NP cell-like phenotype and to synthesize structural components of the ECM as well as trophic and anti-inflammatory mediators that may support resident cell activity. However, due to its unique anatomical location and function, the IVD presents distinctive features: avascularity, hypoxia, low glucose concentration, low pH, hyperosmolarity, and mechanical loading. Such conditions establish a hostile microenvironment for both resident and exogenously administered cells, which limited the efficacy of intradiscal cell therapy in diverse investigations. This review is aimed at describing the characteristics of the healthy and degenerated IVD microenvironment and how such features influence both resident cells and MSC viability and biological activity. Furthermore, we focused on how recent research has tried to overcome the obstacles coming from the IVD microenvironment by developing innovative cell therapies and functionalized bioscaffolds.
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26
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Chen S, Liu S, Ma K, Zhao L, Lin H, Shao Z. TGF-β signaling in intervertebral disc health and disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1109-1117. [PMID: 31132405 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the changing role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in intervertebral disc (IVD) health and disease. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed terms 'TGF-β' and 'IVD'. RESULTS TGF-β signaling is necessary for the development and growth of IVD, and can play a protective role in the restoration of IVD tissues by stimulating matrix synthesis, inhibiting matrix catabolism, inflammatory response and cell loss. However, excessive activation of TGF-β signaling is detrimental to the IVD, and inhibition of the aberrant TGF-β signaling can delay IVD degeneration. CONCLUSIONS Activation of TGF-β signaling has a promising treatment prospect for IVD degeneration, while excessive activation of TGF-β signaling may contribute to the progression of IVD degeneration. Studies aimed at elucidating the changing role of TGF-β signaling in IVD at different pathophysiological stages and its specific molecular mechanisms are needed, and these studies will contribute to safe and effective TGF-β signaling-based treatments for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - K Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - H Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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27
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Zhao R, Liu W, Xia T, Yang L. Disordered Mechanical Stress and Tissue Engineering Therapies in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071151. [PMID: 31284436 PMCID: PMC6680713 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), commonly induced by intervertebral disc degeneration, is a lumbar disease with worldwide prevalence. However, the mechanism of degeneration remains unclear. The intervertebral disc is a nonvascular organ consisting of three components: Nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplate cartilages. The disc is structured to support our body motion and endure persistent external mechanical pressure. Thus, there is a close connection between force and intervertebral discs in LBP. It is well established that with aging, disordered mechanical stress profoundly influences the fate of nucleus pulposus and the alignment of collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus. These support a new understanding that disordered mechanical stress plays an important role in the degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Tissue-engineered regenerative and reparative therapies are being developed for relieving disc degeneration and symptoms of lower back pain. In this paper, we will review the current literature available on the role of disordered mechanical stress in intervertebral disc degeneration, and evaluate the existing tissue engineering treatment strategies of the current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Li Y, Huang ZN, Wang ZY, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Wang JC, Feng XM, Zhang L. The effect of intervertebral disc degenerative change on biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell: an in vitro study in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:376-388. [PMID: 31119993 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1570168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the change on biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived from normal and degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods: MSC was isolated from normal and degenerative IVD rat model. Immunophenotype detected by flow cytometric analysis, expression of stemness genes determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were compared between MSC derived from normal IVD (N-NPMSC) and degenerative IVD (D-NPMSC). The biological characteristics including cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) and silent information regulator protein 6 (SIRT6) were compared between N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC. Results: Both of N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC highly expressed CD105, CD90 and CD73, and lower expressed CD34 and CD45. There was no significant difference in cell morphology and multipotent differentiation ability between N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC. D-NPMSC showed significantly lower expressions of stemness genes, cell proliferation and colony formation ability. D-NPMSC also exhibited increased cell apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression, and significantly lower expressions of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, VEGF, SIRT1 and SIRT6 in mRNA and protein levels compared with N-NPMSC. Conclusions: N-NPMSC showed significantly higher proliferation rate, better colony forming and stemness maintenance ability, whereas reduced cell apoptosis rate compared with D-NPMSC. HIF-1α-mediated signal pathway may be involved in the regulation of NPMSC proliferation. These findings indicated that degenerative change of IVD should be taken into account when selecting a source of NPMSC for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Yan Li
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Ze-Nan Huang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cheng Wang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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Yang M, Feng C, Zhang Y, Liu C, Li B, Zhu Q, Huang B, Zhou Y. Autophagy protects nucleus pulposus cells from cyclic mechanical tension‑induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:750-758. [PMID: 31173175 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is considered to be a primary cause of lower back pain. Mechanical stress is one of the most important factors affecting IDD. It has been demonstrated that apoptosis is important in the decrease of functional IVD cells, and that mechanical stress influences disc cell apoptosis. Autophagy, an adaptive response of the cells to survival when faced with different conditions of stress, has been documented in IDD. Apoptosis and autophagy share the same stimuli and regulatory proteins, but have different threshold responses. Recently, cyclic mechanical tension (CMT) has been shown to influence IVD cell apoptosis and autophagy. However, the conversion and coordination between apoptosis and autophagy induced by CMT remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, it was found that CMT with 20% elongation generated by the Flexercell Tension system induced the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in a time‑dependent manner. When the cells were stretched for >6 h, autophagy was increased, and showed a tendency to decrease with the duration of CMT. The autophagic activity of NP cells was partially decreased by 3‑MA and was not significantly regulated by rapamycin. CMT‑induced apoptosis was partially enhanced by the decreased autophagic activity induced by 3‑MA. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NP cells induced by CMT was significantly upregulated by 3‑MA. These results suggested that abnormal mechanical stress enhanced disc cell apoptosis and consequently accelerated the process of IDD. Autophagy helps to protect against CMT‑induced apoptosis in disc cells and ROS may be important in this process. These findings are beneficial for further understanding the mechanism of disc cell apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Fan P, Yu XY, Xie XH, Chen CH, Zhang P, Yang C, Peng X, Wang YT. Mitophagy is a protective response against oxidative damage in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2019; 229:36-45. [PMID: 31085242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show great potential in clinical applications such as in intervertebral disc degeneration. Nevertheless, environmental stress during the BMSC transplant or in the injured tissues is a catastrophic factor that causes cell toxicity and poor survival of BMSCs. Mitophagy plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and defending against oxidative stress because this process could control mitochondrial quality and quantity by eliminating dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria that can cause cell death. However, the accurate mechanisms of mitophagy in protecting BMSCs against the harshness of oxidative stress remain largely unknown. MAIN METHODS BMSCs were treated with H2O2 for various time periods. Mitophagy response was evaluated through the expression levels of LC3-II, p62 and mitophagosomal formation by using Western blot and fluorescence analysis. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The interactions of mitophagy and apoptosis and the possible signalling pathways were investigated through the co-treatment of mitophagy inhibitor or mitophagy activator with H2O2. KEY FINDINGS Oxidative stress rapidly facilitated mitophagy through JNK at an early stage but decreased mitophagy and increased apoptosis at a late stage. Furthermore, mitophagy inhibition significantly enhanced the apoptosis in the cells treated by H2O2. SIGNIFICANCE Induced mitophagy may play pivotal roles in protecting cells against oxidative stress in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fan
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xing-Hui Xie
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China
| | - Chang-Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jiangyin Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wang
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, China.
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Cheng S, Li X, Jia Z, Lin L, Ying J, Wen T, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Zhao X, Li D, Ji W, Wang D, Ruan D. The inflammatory cytokine TNF-α regulates the biological behavior of rat nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13664-13679. [PMID: 30938863 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) are a potential cell source for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration; however, little is known about their response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a critical inflammation factor contributing to accelerating IVD degeneration. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of TNF-α at high and low concentrations on the biological behaviors of healthy rat NPMSCs, including proliferation, migration, and NP differentiation. In this study, NPMSCs were treated with different concentration of TNF-α (0-200 ng/mL). Then we used annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analysis to detect the apoptosis rate of NPMSCs. Cell Counting Kit-8, Edu assay, and cell cycle test were used to examine the proliferation of NPMSCs. Migration ability of NPMSCs was detected by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. Pellets method was used to induce NP differentiation of NPMSCs, and immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis were used to examine the NPC phenotypic genes and proteins. The cells were further treated with the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway inhibitor Bay 11-7082 to determine the role of the NF-κB pathway in the mechanism underlying the differentiation process. Results showed that treatment with a high concentration of TNF-α (50-200 ng/mL) could induce apoptosis of NPMSCs, whereas a relatively low TNF-α concentration (0.1-10 ng/mL) promoted the proliferation and migration of NPMSCs, but inhibited their differentiation toward NP cells. Moreover, we identified that the NF-κB signaling pathway is activated during the TNF-α-inhibited differentiation of NPMSCs, and the NF-κB signal inhibitor Bay 11-7082 could partially eliminate the adverse effect of TNF-α on the differentiation of NPMSCs. Therefore, our findings provide important insight into the dynamic biological behavior reactivity of NPMSCs to TNF-α during IVD degeneration process, thus may help us understanding the underlying mechanism of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The 306th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yachao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Dike Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang F, Zhang C, Sinkemani A, Shi R, Xie ZY, Chen L, Mao L, Wu XT. A histocytological and radiological overview of the natural history of intervertebral disk: from embryonic formation to age-related degeneration. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:633-648. [PMID: 30715648 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-05903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the natural history of intervertebral disk (IVD) and characterize its embryonic beginnings and age-related degeneration. METHODS Coronal sections of embryonic (E13.5-neonatal) and postnatal (4-60-week-old) Sprague-Dawley rat IVD were stained by a series of histological stainings (hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, Picrosirius red, Masson, Periodic acid-Schiff). Growth kinetics within embryonic IVD were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Postnatal maturation and degeneration of IVD were visualized on radiology by X-ray, CT, and MR imaging. RESULTS During the formation of rat IVD, inner annulus fibrosus (AF) and cartilaginous endplate (CEP) shared similar cell density, extracellular matrix, and potential of growth kinetics; notochord provided increased and enlarged cytoplasmic vacuoles to generate nucleus pulposus (NP), part of which was retained within CEP. Postnatally, vacuolated notochord cells were reduced by devacuolation, while chondrocytic NP cells increased; cartilaginous layers of CEP were narrowed by vertebrae growth and secondary ossification; fibrotic portion of AF decreased as cartilaginous matrix accumulated and infiltrated outward. In aged and degenerated IVD, large longitudinal fissures were detected near the boundaries between inner and outer AF, whereas both reduced cellularity and accumulated cell clusters were evident within the dehydrated NP; only part of these histocytological changes could be reported on radiology. CONCLUSIONS By showing that the natural history of IVD is orchestrated by a dynamic histocytological regulation, our study may facilitate better understanding of the developmental defects, cellular heterogeneity, age-related degenerative mechanisms, and biological regeneration of IVD. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Arjun Sinkemani
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Mao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ma K, Chen S, Li Z, Deng X, Huang D, Xiong L, Shao Z. Mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:41-48. [PMID: 30243946 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is frequently associated with Low back pain (LBP), which can severely reduce the quality of human life and cause enormous economic loss. However, there is a lack of long-lasting and effective therapies for IVD degeneration at present. Recently, stem cell based tissue engineering techniques have provided novel and promising treatment for the repair of degenerative IVDs. Numerous studies showed that stem/progenitor cells exist naturally in IVDs and could migrate from their niche to the IVD to maintain the quantity of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Unfortunately, these endogenous repair processes cannot prevent IVD degeneration as effectively as expected. Therefore, theoretical basis for regeneration of the NP in situ can be obtained from studying the mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration. Although there have been few researches to study the mechanism of cell death and migration of stem/progenitor cells in IVD so far, studies demonstrated that the major inducing factors (compression and hypoxia) of IVD degeneration could decrease the number of NP cells by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, and the particular chemokines and their receptors played a vital role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These studies provide a clue for revealing the mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration. This article reviewed the current research situation and progress of the mechanisms through which IVD stem/progenitor cells failed to repair IVD tissues during IVD degeneration. Such studies provide an innovative research direction for endogenous repair and a new potential treatment strategy for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - X Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - D Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Intervertebral Disc-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7412304. [PMID: 30662469 PMCID: PMC6312624 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7412304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is considered to be the primary reason for low back pain. Despite remarkable improvements in both pharmacological and surgical management of IVD degeneration (IVDD), therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory. It is because of the fact that these therapies are mainly focused on alleviating the symptoms rather than treating the underlying cause or restoring the structure and biomechanical function of the IVD. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the endogenous stem/progenitor cells exist in the IVD, and these cells might be a promising cell source in the regeneration of degenerated IVD. However, the biological characteristics and potential application of IVD-derived stem/progenitor cells (IVDSCs) have yet to be investigated in detail. In this review, the authors aim to perform a review to systematically discuss (1) the isolation, surface markers, classification, and biological characteristics of IVDSCs; (2) the aging- and degeneration-related changes of IVDSCs and the influences of IVD microenvironment on IVDSCs; and (3) the potential for IVDSCs to promote regeneration of degenerated IVD. The authors believe that this review exclusively address the current understanding of IVDSCs and provide a novel approach for the IVD regeneration.
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Clinical trials of intervertebral disc regeneration: current status and future developments. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Effect of Compression Loading on Human Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1481243. [PMID: 30402107 PMCID: PMC6196892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1481243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mechanical loading plays a vital role in the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but little is known about the effect of compression loading on human nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs). Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of compression on the biological behavior of NP-MSCs in vitro. Methods Human NP-MSCs were isolated from patients undergoing lumbar discectomy for IVD degeneration and were identified by immunophenotypes and multilineage differentiation. Then, cells were cultured in the compression apparatus at 1.0 MPa for different times (0 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h). The viability-, differentiation-, and differentiation-related genes (Runx2, APP, and Col2) and colony formation-, migration-, and stem cell-related proteins (Sox2 and Oct4) were evaluated. Results The results showed that the isolated cells fulfilled the criteria of MSC stated by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). And our results also indicated that compression loading significantly inhibited cell viability, differentiation, colony formation, and migration. Furthermore, gene expression suggested that compression loading could downregulate the expression of stem cell-related proteins and lead to NP-MSC stemness losses. Conclusions Our results suggested that the biological behavior of NP-MSCs could be inhibited by compression loading and therefore enhanced our understanding on the compression-induced endogenous repair failure of NP-MSCs during IVDD.
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Wang F, Zhang C, Shi R, Xie ZY, Chen L, Wang K, Wang YT, Xie XH, Wu XT. The embryonic and evolutionary boundaries between notochord and cartilage: a new look at nucleus pulposus-specific markers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1274-1282. [PMID: 29935307 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The adult nucleus pulposus (NP) and articular cartilage are similar in terms of their histocytological components and biomechanical functionalities, requiring a deep understanding of NP-specific markers to better evaluate stem-cell-based NP regeneration. Here, we seek to distinguish NP cells from articular chondrocytes (ACs), focusing on differences in their embryonic formation and evolutionary origin. Embryonically, NP cells are conservatively derived from the axial notochord, whereas ACs originate in a diversified manner from paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells. Evolutionarily, although the origins of vertebrate NP and AC cells can be traced to similar structures within protostomia-like bilaterian ancestors, the distant phylogenetic relationship between the two groups of animals and the differences in the bodily origins of the tissues suggest that the tissues may in fact have undergone parallel evolution within the protostomia and deuterostomia. The numbers of supposedly NP-specific markers are increasing gradually as microarray studies proceed, but no final consensus has been attained on the specificity and physiology of "exclusive" NP markers because of innate variations among species; intrinsic expression of genes that destabilize the circadian clock; and cooperation by, and crosstalk among, different genes in terms of physiology-related phenotypes. We highlight the embryonic and evolutionary boundaries between NP and AC cells, to aid in recognition of the challenges associated with evaluation of the role played by nucleopulpogenic differentiation during stem-cell-based intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - R Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Z-Y Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - L Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - K Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Y-T Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - X-H Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - X-T Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
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Disc cell therapy with bone-marrow-derived autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in a large porcine disc degeneration model. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:2639-2649. [PMID: 30141058 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disc regeneration through matrix-assisted autologous mesenchymal stromal cell therapy seems promising against disc degeneration with convincing results in small animal models. Whether these positive results can be transferred to larger animal models or humans is unclear. METHODS Fibrin matrix-assisted autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy was compared to acellular fibrin matrix therapy in a porcine in vivo model. First, disc degeneration was induced by annular puncture and partial nucleotomy with a large 16G-needle, and 12 weeks later, disc therapy was performed in a second surgery with a thinner 26G needle. Seventy-two lumbar discs from 12 aged adult pigs were evaluated by histology, micro-CT, and gene expression analysis 13 and 24 weeks after nucleotomy and 1 and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. RESULTS Radiologic disc height was not significantly different in both treatment groups. In the semi-quantitative histologic degeneration score, significant disc degeneration was still evident 1 week after treatment both in the mesenchymal stromal cell group and in the acellular fibrin matrix group. 12 weeks after treatment, degeneration was, however, not further increased and mesenchymal-stromal-cell-treated discs showed significantly less disc degeneration in the annulus fibrosus (p = 0.02), whereas reduction in the nucleus pulposus did not reach statistical significance. Cell treatment compared to matrix alone found less Col1 gene expression as a marker for fibrosis and more expression of the trophic factor BMP2 in the nucleus pulposus, whereas the inflammation marker IL1ß was reduced in the annulus fibrosus. CONCLUSIONS Disc treatment with fibrin matrix-assisted autologous mesenchymal stromal cells reduced degenerative findings compared to acellular fibrin matrix alone. Regenerative changes, however, were not significant for all parameters showing limitations in a large biomechanically demanding model with aged discs. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Icariin Improves the Viability and Function of Cryopreserved Human Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3459612. [PMID: 30050653 PMCID: PMC6040248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3459612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) have shown a good prospect in the regeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. However, fresh NPMSCs are not always readily available for basic research and clinical applications. Therefore, there is a need for an effective long-term cryopreservation method for NPMSCs. The aim of this study was to determine whether adding icariin (ICA) to the conventional cryoprotectant containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had a better cryoprotective effect for NPMSCs. The results showed that the freezing solution containing ICA along with DMSO significantly increased the postthawed cell viability, decreased the apoptosis rate, improved cell adherence, and maintained the mitochondrial functions, as compared to the freezing solution containing DMSO alone. And the inhibition of oxidative stress and upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the presence of ICA also confirmed the beneficial effect of ICA. Furthermore, ICA had no cytotoxicity and did not alter the characteristics of postthawed NPMSCs. In conclusion, these results suggested that the addition of ICA to the conventional freezing medium could improve the viability and function of the cryopreserved human NPMSCs and provided an optimal formulated freezing solution for human NPMSC cryopreservation.
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Transplantation of Hypoxic-Preconditioned Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retards Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Enhancing Implanted Cell Survival and Migration in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535780 PMCID: PMC5832130 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7564159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Special hypoxic and hypertonic microenvironment in intervertebral discs (IVDs) decreases the treatment effect of cell transplantation. We investigated the hypothesis that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) could improve the therapeutic effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to IVD degeneration. Methods BMSCs from green fluorescent protein-transgenic rats were pretreated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 100 μM, 24 h) for hypoxic conditions in vitro. Apoptosis (related pathways of caspase-3 and bcl-2) and migration (related pathways of HIF-1α and CXCR4) were detected in BMSCs. In vivo, BMSCs and HP BMSCs (H-BMSCs) were injected into the rat model of IVD degeneration. The IVD height, survival, migration, and differentiation of transplanted BMSCs and matrix protein expression (collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP-13) were tested. Results H-BMSCs could extensively decrease IVD degeneration by increasing IVD height and collagen II and aggrecan expressions when compared with BMSCs. Significantly, more GFP-positive BMSCs were observed in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus regions of IVD. HP could significantly decrease BMSC apoptosis (activating bcl-2 and inhibiting caspase-3) and improve BMSC migration (increasing HIF-1α and CXCR4) in vitro. Conclusion HP could significantly enhance the capacity of BMSCs to repair DDD by increasing the survival and migration of implanted cells and increasing matrix protein expression.
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Zhang C, Wang F, Xie Z, Chen L, Sinkemani A, Yu H, Wang K, Mao L, Wu X. Dysregulation of YAP by the Hippo pathway is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration, cell contact inhibition, and cell senescence. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2175-2192. [PMID: 29416763 PMCID: PMC5788631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays important roles in wound healing, tissue repair and regeneration, and in the treatment of degenerative diseases, by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in mammals. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the major causes of low back pain, a widespread issue associated with a heavy economic burden. However, the mechanism underlying how the Hippo pathway regulates IDD is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Hippo pathway is involved in natural IDD. Activation and dephosphorylation of yes-associated protein (YAP) were observed in younger rat discs, and decreased gradually with age. Surprisingly, Hippo pathway suppression was accompanied by overexpression of YAP, caused by acute disc injury, suggesting a limited ability for self-repair in IDD. We also demonstrated that YAP is inhibited by cell-to-cell contact via the Hippo pathway in vitro. Phosphorylation by large tumor suppressor kinases 1/2 (LATS1/2) led to cytoplasmic translocation and inactivation of YAP. YAP dephosphorylation was mainly localized in the nucleus and regulated by the Hippo pathway, whereas YAP dephosphorylation occurred in the cytoplasm and was associated with nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence. Moreover, NPCs were transfected with shYAP and it accelerates the premature senescence of cells by interfered Hippo pathway through YAP. Therefore, our results indicate that the Hippo pathway plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of intervertebral discs and controlling NPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arjun Sinkemani
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haomin Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Mao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Comparison of nucleus pulposus stem/progenitor cells isolated from degenerated intervertebral discs with umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:324-332. [PMID: 29097182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem-cell based therapies have been proposed as novel treatments for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The development of these treatment strategies, however, has been hindered by the incomplete understanding of the origin, biological properties of nucleus pulposus (NP) derived stem/progenitor cells and their effects on the IVD degeneration. The goal of this study is to explore the biological properties of NP stem/progenitor cells isolated from degenerated IVD (D-NPMSCs) regarding immunotype, proliferative capacity, multi-lineage differentiation abilities, and the expression of NP specific cell surface markers compared to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs). Our results indicate that although D-NPMSCs shared the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) characteristics with UCMSCs, significant differences exist in phenotype signatures and biological capacities between D-NPMSCs and UCMSCs. D-NPMSCs expressed lower expression levels of CD29 and CD105, the phenotype markers of MSCs, and exhibited reduced proliferation capability and differentiation potentials, which might account for the distinct NP microenvironment and the poor capacity for disc regeneration. This study will lay a foundation for further understanding the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy for IVD degeneration.
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Hang D, Li F, Che W, Wu X, Wan Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. One-Stage Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival in a Canine Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1334-1343. [PMID: 28665183 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Che
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wang F, Gao ZX, Cai F, Sinkemani A, Xie ZY, Shi R, Wei JN, Wu XT. Formation, function, and exhaustion of notochordal cytoplasmic vacuoles within intervertebral disc: current understanding and speculation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57800-57812. [PMID: 28915712 PMCID: PMC5593684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notochord nucleus pulposus cells are characteristic of containing abundant and giant cytoplasmic vacuoles. This review explores the embryonic formation, biological function, and postnatal exhaustion of notochord vacuoles, aiming to characterize the signal network transforming the vacuolated nucleus pulposus cells into the vacuole-less chondrocytic cells. Embryonically, the cytoplasmic vacuoles within vertebrate notochord originate from an evolutionarily conserved vacuolation process during neurulation, which may continue to provide mechanical and signal support in constructing a mammalian intervertebral disc. For full vacuolation, a vacuolating specification from dorsal organizer cells, synchronized convergent extension, well-structured notochord sheath, and sufficient post-Golgi trafficking in notochord cells are required. Postnatally, age-related and species-specific exhaustion of vacuolated nucleus pulposus cells could be potentiated by Fas- and Fas ligand-induced apoptosis, intolerance to mechanical stress and nutrient deficiency, vacuole-mediated proliferation check, and gradual de-vacuolation within the avascular and compression-loaded intervertebral disc. These results suggest that the notochord vacuoles are active and versatile organelles for both embryonic notochord and postnatal nucleus pulposus, and may provide novel information on intervertebral disc degeneration to guide cell-based regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zeng-Xin Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Arjun Sinkemani
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Nan Wei
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu J, Tao H, Wang H, Dong F, Zhang R, Li J, Ge P, Song P, Zhang H, Xu P, Liu X, Shen C. Biological Behavior of Human Nucleus Pulposus Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Response to Changes in the Acidic Environment During Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:901-911. [PMID: 28298159 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An acidic environment is vital for the maintenance of cellular activities but can be affected tremendously during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The effect of changes in the acidity of the environment on human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs) is, however, unknown. Thus, this study aimed to observe the biological effects of acidic conditions mimicking a degenerated intervertebral disc on NP-MSCs in vitro. NP-MSCs were isolated from patients with lumbar disc herniation and were further identified by their immunophenotypes and multilineage differentiation. Then, cells were cultured at acidic pH levels (pH 6.2, pH 6.5, pH 6.8, pH 7.1, and pH 7.4) with/without amiloride, an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) blocker. The proliferation and apoptosis of NP-MSCs and the expression of stem cell-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, Jagged, Notch1), ASICs, and functional genes (Aggrecan, SOX-9, Collagen-I, and Collagen-II) in NP-MSCs were evaluated. Our work showed that cells obtained from human degenerated NP met the criteria of International Society for Cellular Therapy. Therefore, cells obtained from a degenerated nucleus pulposus were definitively identified as NP-MSCs. Our results also indicated that acidic conditions could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and increase cell apoptosis. Gene expression results demonstrated that acidic conditions could decrease the expression of stem cell-related genes and inhibit extracellular matrix synthesis, whereas it could increase the expression of ASICs. Our study further verified that the above-mentioned biological activities of NP-MSCs could be significantly improved by amiloride. Therefore, the results of the study indicated that the biological behavior of NP-MSCs could be inhibited by acidic conditions during IVDD, and amiloride may meliorate IVDD by improving the activities of NP-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tao
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbang Wang
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulong Dong
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Song
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- 3 Biology Department, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailiang Shen
- 1 Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Bach FC, Miranda-Bedate A, van Heel FW, Riemers FM, Müller MC, Creemers LB, Ito K, Benz K, Meij BP, Tryfonidou MA. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, But Not Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Exert Regenerative Effects on Canine and Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:233-242. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Miranda-Bedate
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdi W.M. van Heel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margot C.M.E. Müller
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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RNA in situ hybridization characterization of non-enzymatic derived bovine intervertebral disc cell lineages suggests progenitor cell potential. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:150-160. [PMID: 28063600 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a meritorious target for therapeutic cell based regenerative medicine approaches, however, controversy over what defines the precise identity of mature IVD cells and lack of single cell based quality control measures is of concern. Bos taurus and human IVDs are histologically more similar than is Mus musculus. The mature bovine IVD is well suited as model system for technology development to be translated into therapeutic cell based regenerative medicine applications. We present a reproducible non-enzymatic protocol to isolate cell progenitor populations of three distinct areas of the mature bovine IVD. Bovine specific RNA probes were validated in situ and employed to assess fate changes, heterogeneity, stem cell characteristics and differentiation potential of the cultures. Quality control measures with single cell resolution like RNA in situ hybridization to assess culture heterogeneity (PISH) followed by optimization of culture conditions could be translated to human IVD cell culture to increase the safety of cell based regenerative medicine.
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Fernandez C, Marionneaux A, Gill S, Mercuri J. Biomimetic nucleus pulposus scaffold created from bovine caudal intervertebral disc tissue utilizing an optimal decellularization procedure. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3093-3106. [PMID: 27507100 PMCID: PMC5832047 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) and herniation (IDH) can result in low back pain and impart significant socioeconomic burden. These pathologies involve detrimental alteration to the nucleus pulposus (NP) either via biochemical degradation or extrusion from the IVD, respectively. Thus, engineering living NP tissue utilizing biomaterial scaffolds that recapitulate native NP microarchitecture, biochemistry, mechanical properties, and which support cell viability represents an approach to aiding patients with IDD and IDH. To date, an ideal biomaterial to support NP regeneration has yet to be developed; however, one promising approach to generating biomimetic materials is to employ the decellularization (decell) of xenogeneic NP tissue to remove host DNA while maintaining critical native extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Herein, 13 different procedures were evaluated in an attempt to decell bovine caudal IVD NP tissue. An optimal method was identified which was confirmed to effectively remove bovine DNA, while maintaining physiologically relevant amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen. Unconfined static and dynamic compressive mechanical properties of scaffolds approached values reported for human NP and viability of human amniotic stem cells (hAMSCs) was maintained on noncrosslinked and EDC/NHS treated scaffolds for up to 14 days in culture. Taken together, NP tissue obtained from bovine caudal IVDs can be successfully decelled in order to generate a biomimetic scaffold for NP tissue regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3093-3106, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Fernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Alan Marionneaux
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Sanjitpal Gill
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Greer, South Carolina
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
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Vadalà G, Russo F, Ambrosio L, Loppini M, Denaro V. Stem cells sources for intervertebral disc regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:185-201. [PMID: 27247704 PMCID: PMC4877563 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i5.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc regeneration field is rapidly growing since disc disorders represent a major health problem in industrialized countries with very few possible treatments. Indeed, current available therapies are symptomatic, and surgical procedures consist in disc removal and spinal fusion, which is not immune to regardable concerns about possible comorbidities, cost-effectiveness, secondary risks and long-lasting outcomes. This review paper aims to share recent advances in stem cell therapy for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. In literature the potential use of different adult stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration has already been reported. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, adipose tissue derived stem cells, synovial stem cells, muscle-derived stem cells, olfactory neural stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, disc stem cells, and embryonic stem cells have been studied for this purpose either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, several engineered carriers (e.g., hydrogels), characterized by full biocompatibility and prompt biodegradation, have been designed and combined with different stem cell types in order to optimize the local and controlled delivery of cellular substrates in situ. The paper overviews the literature discussing the current status of our knowledge of the different stem cells types used as a cell-based therapy for disc regeneration.
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