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Yu J, Zhang Y, Ran R, Kong Z, Zhao D, Zhao W, Yang Y, Gao L, Zhang Z. Research Progress in the Field of Tumor Model Construction Using Bioprinting: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6547-6575. [PMID: 38957180 PMCID: PMC11217009 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s460387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic drugs and methods has been greatly facilitated by the emergence of tumor models. However, due to their inherent complexity, establishing a model that can fully replicate the tumor tissue situation remains extremely challenging. With the development of tissue engineering, the advancement of bioprinting technology has facilitated the upgrading of tumor models. This article focuses on the latest advancements in bioprinting, specifically highlighting the construction of 3D tumor models, and underscores the integration of these two technologies. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and future directions of related techniques, while also emphasizing the effective recreation of the tumor microenvironment through the emergence of 3D tumor models that resemble in vitro organs, thereby accelerating the development of new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Ran
- Department of Anesthesia, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixiao Kong
- China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duoyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianbo Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
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Cheremkhina M, Klein S, Babendreyer A, Ludwig A, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Cornelissen CG, Thiebes AL. Influence of Aerosolization on Endothelial Cells for Efficient Cell Deposition in Biohybrid and Regenerative Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:575. [PMID: 36984982 PMCID: PMC10053765 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The endothelialization of gas exchange membranes can increase the hemocompatibility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenators and thus become a long-term lung replacement option. Cell seeding on large or uneven surfaces of oxygenator membranes is challenging, with cell aerosolization being a possible solution. In this study, we evaluated the endothelial cell aerosolization for biohybrid lung application. A Vivostat® system was used for the aerosolization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with non-sprayed cells serving as a control. The general suitability was evaluated using various flow velocities, substrate distances and cell concentrations. Cells were analyzed for survival, apoptosis and necrosis levels. In addition, aerosolized and non-sprayed cells were cultured either static or under flow conditions in a dynamic microfluidic model. Evaluation included immunocytochemistry and gene expression via quantitative PCR. Cell survival for all tested parameters was higher than 90%. No increase in apoptosis and necrosis levels was seen 24 h after aerosolization. Spraying did not influence the ability of the endothelial cells to form a confluent cell layer and withstand shear stresses in a dynamic microfluidic model. Immunocytochemistry revealed typical expression of CD31 and von Willebrand factor with cobble-stone cell morphology. No change in shear stress-induced factors after aerosolization was reported by quantitative PCR analysis. With this study, we have shown the feasibility of endothelial cell aerosolization with no significant changes in cell behavior. Thus, this technique could be used for efficient the endothelialization of gas exchange membranes in biohybrid lung applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cheremkhina
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Klein
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G. Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic V, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Chang M, Liu J, Guo B, Fang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Liu X, Reid LM, Wang Y. Auto Micro Atomization Delivery of Human Epidermal Organoids Improves Therapeutic Effects for Skin Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:110. [PMID: 32154237 PMCID: PMC7046802 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe skin wounds are often associated with large areas of damaged tissue, resulting in substantial loss of fluids containing electrolytes and proteins. The net result is a vulnerability clinically to skin infections. Therapies aiming to close these large openings are effective in reducing the complications of severe skin wounds. Recently, cell transplantation therapy showed the potential for rapid re-epithelialization of severe skin wounds. Here, we show the improved effects of cell transplantation therapy using a robust protocol of efficient expansion and delivery of epidermal cells for treatment of severe skin wounds. Human skin tissues were used to generate human epidermal organoids maintained under newly established culture conditions. The human epidermal organoids showed an improved capacity of passaging for at least 10 rounds, enabling organoids to expand to cell numbers required for clinical applications. A newly designed auto micro-atomization device (AMAD) was developed for delivery of human epidermal organoids onto the sites of severe skin wounds enhancing uniform and concentrated delivery of organoids, facilitating their engraftment and differentiation for skin reconstitution. With the optimal design and using pneumatic AMAD, both survival and functions of organoids were effectively protected during the spraying process. Cells in the sprayed human epidermal organoids participated in the regeneration of the epidermis at wound sites in a mouse model and accelerated wound healing significantly. The novel AMAD and out new protocol with enhanced effects with respect to both organoid expansion and efficient transplantation will be used for clincal treatments of complex, uneven, or large-area severe skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,Translational Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Translational Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyong Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Lola M Reid
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,Translational Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Lepowsky E, Muradoglu M, Tasoglu S. Towards preserving post-printing cell viability and improving the resolution: Past, present, and future of 3D bioprinting theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yao R, Xu G, Mao SS, Yang HY, Sang XT, Sun W, Mao YL. Three-dimensional printing: review of application in medicine and hepatic surgery. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:443-451. [PMID: 28154775 PMCID: PMC5250601 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) is a rapid prototyping technology that has gained increasing recognition in many different fields. Inherent accuracy and low-cost property enable applicability of 3DP in many areas, such as manufacturing, aerospace, medical, and industrial design. Recently, 3DP has gained considerable attention in the medical field. The image data can be quickly turned into physical objects by using 3DP technology. These objects are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. The shortage of cadaver specimens is a major problem in medical education. However, this concern has been solved with the emergence of 3DP model. Custom-made items can be produced by using 3DP technology. This innovation allows 3DP use in preoperative planning and surgical training. Learning is difficult among medical students because of the complex anatomical structures of the liver. Thus, 3D visualization is a useful tool in anatomy teaching and hepatic surgical training. However, conventional models do not capture haptic qualities. 3DP can produce highly accurate and complex physical models. Many types of human or animal differentiated cells can be printed successfully with the development of 3D bio-printing technology. This progress represents a valuable breakthrough that exhibits many potential uses, such as research on drug metabolism or liver disease mechanism. This technology can also be used to solve shortage of organs for transplant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Mao
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua-Yu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Lei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Abstract
3D printing, or solid freeform fabrication, applied to regenerative medicine brings technologies from several industries together to help solve unique challenges in both basic science and tissue engineering. By more finely organizing cells and supporting structures precisely in 3D space, we will gain critical knowledge of cell-cell communications and cell-environment interactions. As we increase the scale, we will move toward complex tissue and organ structures where several cell phenotypes will functionally and structurally interact, thus recapitulating the form and function of native tissues and organs.
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Hendriks J, Willem Visser C, Henke S, Leijten J, Saris DB, Sun C, Lohse D, Karperien M. Optimizing cell viability in droplet-based cell deposition. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11304. [PMID: 26065378 PMCID: PMC5387118 DOI: 10.1038/srep11304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication commonly involves the use of liquid droplets to transport cells to the printed structure. However, the viability of the cells after impact is poorly controlled and understood, hampering applications including cell spraying, inkjet bioprinting, and laser-assisted cell transfer. Here, we present an analytical model describing the cell viability after impact as a function of the cell-surrounding droplet characteristics. The model connects (1) the cell survival as a function of cell membrane elongation, (2) the membrane elongation as a function of the cell-containing droplet size and velocity, and (3) the substrate properties. The model is validated by cell viability measurements in cell spraying, which is a method for biofabrication and used for the treatment of burn wounds. The results allow for rational optimization of any droplet-based cell deposition technology, and we include practical suggestions to improve the cell viability in cell spraying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Claas Willem Visser
- Physics of Fluids Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Henke
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël B.F. Saris
- Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Medicine, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Sun
- Physics of Fluids Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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Thiebes AL, Albers S, Klopsch C, Jockenhoevel S, Cornelissen CG. Spraying Respiratory Epithelial Cells to Coat Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:278-87. [PMID: 26309803 PMCID: PMC4497665 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying cells in a spray can overcome current hurdles in coating tissue engineered constructs with a thin layer of endo- or epithelial cells. We report here a structured study on the influences of spray application with a medical spray device on vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and respiratory epithelial cells (RECs) with and without fibrin gel. Next to viability and cytotoxicity assays, the in vitro differentiation capacity after spray processing was analyzed. For vSMC, no influence of air pressures till 0.8 bar could be shown, whereas the viability decreased for higher pressures. The viability of RECs was reduced to 88.5% with 0.4 bar air pressure. Lactate dehydrogenase-levels in the culture medium increased the first day after spraying but normalized afterward. In the short term, no differences by means of morphology and expression-specific markers for vSMCs and RECs were seen between the control and study group. In addition, in a long-term study for 28 days with the air–liquid interface, RECs differentiated and built up an organized epithelial layer with ciliary development that was comparable to the control for cells sprayed without fibrin gel. When spraying within fibrin gel, ciliary development was lower at 28 days. Thus, spraying of vSMCs and RECs was proved to be a suitable method for tissue engineering. Especially for RECs, this application is of special significance when coating luminal structures or other unfavorable topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albers
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Klopsch
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock , Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany . ; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University at Chemelot Campus , Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G Cornelissen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany . ; Section for Pneumology, Department for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
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Nebulized solvent ablation of aligned PLLA fibers for the study of neurite response to anisotropic-to-isotropic fiber/film transition (AFFT) boundaries in astrocyte-neuron co-cultures. Biomaterials 2015; 46:82-94. [PMID: 25678118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing robust in vitro models of in vivo environments has the potential to reduce costs and bring new therapies from the bench top to the clinic more efficiently. This study aimed to develop a biomaterial platform capable of modeling isotropic-to-anisotropic cellular transitions observed in vivo, specifically focusing on changes in cellular organization following spinal cord injury. In order to accomplish this goal, nebulized solvent patterning of aligned, electrospun poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) fiber substrates was developed. This method produced a clear topographic transitional boundary between aligned PLLA fibers and an isotropic PLLA film region. Astrocytes were then seeded on these scaffolds, and a shift between oriented and non-oriented astrocytes was created at the anisotropic-to-isotropic fiber/film transition (AFFT) boundary. Orientation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and fibronectin produced by these astrocytes was analyzed, and it was found that astrocytes growing on the aligned fibers produced aligned arrays of CSPGs and fibronectin, while astrocytes growing on the isotropic film region produced randomly-oriented CSPG and fibronectin arrays. Neurite extension from rat dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was studied on astrocytes cultured on anisotropic, aligned fibers, isotropic films, or from fibers to films. It was found that neurite extension was oriented and longer on PLLA fibers compared to PLLA films. When dissociated DRG were cultured on the astrocytes near the AFFT boundary, neurites showed directed orientation that was lost upon growth into the isotropic film region. The AFFT boundary also restricted neurite extension, limiting the extension of neurites once they grew from the fibers and into the isotropic film region. This study reveals the importance of anisotropic-to-isotropic transitions restricting neurite outgrowth by itself. Furthermore, we present this scaffold as an alternative culture system to analyze neurite response to cellular boundaries created following spinal cord injury and suggest its usefulness to study cellular responses to any aligned-to-unorganized cellular boundaries seen in vivo.
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10
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Hydrogel-Based Platforms for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue and Intervertebral Disc. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4031590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Takano T, Yamaguchi S, Matsunuma E, Komiya S, Shinkai M, Takezawa T, Nagamune T. Cell transfer printing from patterned poly(ethylene glycol)-oleyl surfaces to biological hydrogels for rapid and efficient cell micropatterning. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:244-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kaji H, Camci-Unal G, Langer R, Khademhosseini A. Engineering systems for the generation of patterned co-cultures for controlling cell-cell interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:239-50. [PMID: 20655984 PMCID: PMC3026923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inside the body, cells lie in direct contact or in close proximity to other cell types in a tightly controlled architecture that often regulates the resulting tissue function. Therefore, tissue engineering constructs that aim to reproduce the architecture and the geometry of tissues will benefit from methods of controlling cell-cell interactions with microscale resolution. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW We discuss the use of microfabrication technologies for generating patterned co-cultures. In addition, we categorize patterned co-culture systems by cell type and discuss the implications of regulating cell-cell interactions in the resulting biological function of the tissues. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Patterned co-cultures are a useful tool for fabricating tissue engineered constructs and for studying cell-cell interactions in vitro, because they can be used to control the degree of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell contact. In addition, this approach can be manipulated to elucidate important factors involved in cell-matrix interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Patterned co-culture strategies hold significant potential to develop biomimetic structures for tissue engineering. It is expected that they would create opportunities to develop artificial tissues in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kaji
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Abstract
Through analyzing cell direct assembly process requirements and existing hydrogel materials properties, employing the discrete/deposit rapid prototyping technique, developed a cell direct assembly technology adopting the hybrid of gelatin-based hydrogels. The cell assembly technology skillfully combined with the sol/gel transition mechanism about chemical and physical crosslink of gelatin-based hydrogels, in consideration of the main forming factors, through controlling the extruded materials rheological properties and optimizing the forming process, thereby achieved a promising assembling process with high cell survival rate and its corresponding biological viability. The technology can form a predefined three-dimensional structure with certain shape and size, suitable for variety of natural polymer materials (the most similar with extracellular matrix, such as fibrin, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid) with gelatin coupling forming; therefore, it satisfied majority cells needs of choosing the gelatin-based composite hydrogels reasonably. With the limitative extrusion pressure, more than 90% of the cells survived through this process and performed metabolic functions during a long term culture. This technology is a front research of biotechnology manufacturing science, is an important expansion of manufacturing technology.
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Toh YC, Blagović K, Voldman J. Advancing stem cell research with microtechnologies: opportunities and challenges. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:305-25. [PMID: 20593104 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells provide unique opportunities for understanding basic biology, for developing tissue models for drug testing, and for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Despite the promise, the field faces significant challenges in identifying stem cell populations, controlling their fate, and characterizing their phenotype. These challenges arise because stem cells are ultimately functionally defined, and thus can often be identified only retrospectively. New technologies are needed that can provide surrogate markers of stem cell identity, can maintain stem cell state in vitro, and can better direct differentiation. In this review, we discuss the opportunities that microtechnologies, in particular, can provide to the unique qualities of stem cell biology. Microtechnology, by allowing organization and manipulation of cells and molecules at biologically relevant length scales, enables control of the cellular environment and assessment of cell functions and phenotypes with cellular resolution. This provides opportunities to, for instance, create more realistic stem cell niches, perform multi-parameter profiling of single cells, and direct the extracellular signals that control cell fate. All these features take place in an environment whose small size naturally conserves reagent and allows for multiplexing of experiments. By appropriately applying micro-scale engineering principles to stem cell research, we believe that significant breakthroughs can be made in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chin Toh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Li X, Hou S, Feng X, Yu Y, Ma J, Li L. Patterning of neural stem cells on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film modified by hydrophobin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Tissue assembly and organization: Developmental mechanisms in microfabricated tissues. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4851-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Goubko CA, Cao X. Patterning multiple cell types in co-cultures: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Yow SZ, Quek CH, Yim EKF, Lim CT, Leong KW. Collagen-based fibrous scaffold for spatial organization of encapsulated and seeded human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1133-42. [PMID: 19041132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Living tissues consist of groups of cells organized in a controlled manner to perform a specific function. Spatial distribution of cells within a three-dimensional matrix is critical for the success of any tissue-engineering construct. Fibers endowed with cell-encapsulation capability would facilitate the achievement of this objective. Here we report the synthesis of a cell-encapsulated fibrous scaffold by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) of methylated collagen and a synthetic terpolymer. The collagen component was well distributed in the fiber, which had a mean ultimate tensile strength of 244.6+/-43.0 MPa. Cultured in proliferating medium, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in the fibers showed higher proliferation rate than those seeded on the scaffold. Gene expression analysis revealed the maintenance of multipotency for both encapsulated and seeded samples up to 7 days as evidenced by Sox 9, CBFA-1, AFP, PPARgamma2, nestin, GFAP, collagen I, osteopontin and osteonectin genes. Beyond that, seeded hMSCs started to express neuronal-specific genes such as aggrecan and MAP2. The study demonstrates the appeal of IPC for scaffold design in general and the promise of collagen-based hybrid fibers for tissue engineering in particular. It lays the foundation for building fibrous scaffold that permits 3D spatial cellular organization and multi-cellular tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yow
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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19
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20
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Frasca G, Raynaud F, Bacri JC, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C. Linear patterning of magnetically labeled Dictyostelium cells to display confined development. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:204149. [PMID: 21694278 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/20/204149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In severe nutriment conditions, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum enters a particular life cycle where it forms multicellular patterns to achieve aggregation. Extensively observed from an initial dispersed state, its developmental program can usefully be studied from a confined population to implement theoretical developments regarding biological self-organization. The challenge is then to form a cell assembly of well-defined geometrical dimensions without hindering cell behavior. To achieve this goal, we imposed transient constraints by applying temporary external magnetic gradients to trap magnetically labeled cells. Deposits of various numbers of cells were geometrically characterized for different magnetic exposure conditions. We demonstrated that the cell deposit was organized as a three-dimensional (3D) structure by both stacking layers of cells and extending these layers in the substrate plane. This structure evolves during the aggregation phase, forming periodic aggregative centers along the linear initial pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Frasca
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS et Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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21
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Ino K, Okochi M, Konishi N, Nakatochi M, Imai R, Shikida M, Ito A, Honda H. Cell culture arrays using magnetic force-based cell patterning for dynamic single cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:134-42. [PMID: 18094771 DOI: 10.1039/b712330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the behavior of individual cells, single cell analyses have attracted attention since most cell-based assays provide data with values averaged across a large number of cells. Techniques for the manipulation and analysis of single cells are crucial for understanding the behavior of individual cells. In the present study, we have developed single cell culture arrays using magnetic force and a pin holder, which enables the allocation of the magnetically labeled cells on arrays, and have analyzed their dynamics. The pin holder was made from magnetic soft iron and contained more than 6000 pillars on its surface. The pin holder was placed on a magnet to concentrate the magnetic flux density above the pillars. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts that were labeled with magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) were seeded into a culture dish, and the dish was placed over the pin holder with the magnet. The magnetically labeled cells were guided on the surface where the pillars were positioned and allocated on the arrays with a high resolution. Single-cell patterning was achieved by adjusting the number of cells seeded, and the target cell was collected by a micromanipulator after removing the pin holder with the magnet. Furthermore, change in the morphology of magnetically patterned cells was analyzed by microscopic observation, and cell spreading on the array was observed with time duration. Magnetic force-based cell patterning on cell culture arrays would be a suitable technique for the analysis of cell behavior in studies of cell-cell variation and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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22
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Wang X, Yan Y, Zhang R. Rapid prototyping as a tool for manufacturing bioartificial livers. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:505-13. [PMID: 17949840 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping (RP) technologies are a set of manufacturing processes that can produce very complex structures directly from computer-aided design models without structure-specific tools or knowledge. These technologies might eventually enable the manufacture of human livers to create functional substitutes for treating liver failure or dysfunctionality. However, the approaches used currently face many challenges, such as the complex branched vascular and bile ductular systems and the variety of cell types, matrices and regulatory factors involved in liver development. Here, we discuss the challenges and provide evidence for the usefulness of RP in overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
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23
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Ito A, Akiyama H, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Magnetic force-based cell patterning using Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-conjugated magnetite cationic liposomes. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 104:288-93. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.104.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Demirci U, Montesano G. Single cell epitaxy by acoustic picolitre droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:1139-45. [PMID: 17713612 DOI: 10.1039/b704965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The capability to encapsulate single to few cells with micrometre precision, high viability, and controlled directionality via a nozzleless ejection technology using a gentle acoustic field would have great impact on tissue engineering, high throughput screening, and clinical diagnostics. We demonstrate encapsulation of single cells (or a few cells) ejected from an open pool in acoustic picolitre droplets. We have developed this technology for the specific purpose of printing cells in various biological fluids, including PBS and agarose hydrogels used in tissue engineering. We ejected various cell types, including mouse embryonic stem cells, fibroblasts, AML-12 hepatocytes, human Raji cells, and HL-1 cardiomyocytes encapsulated in acoustic picolitre droplets of around 37 microm in diameter at rates varying from 1 to 10,000 droplets per second. At such high throughput levels, we demonstrated cell viabilities of over 89.8% across various cell types. Moreover, this ejection method is readily adaptable to other biological applications, such as extracting data from single cells and generating large cell populations from single cells. The technique described in the current study may also be applied to investigate stem cell differentiation at the single cell level, to direct tissue printing, and to isolating pure RNA or DNA from a single cell at the picolitre level. Overall, the techniques described have the potential for widespread impact on many high-throughput testing applications in the biological and health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Fedorovich NE, Alblas J, de Wijn JR, Hennink WE, Verbout AJ, Dhert WJA. Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrices for Skeletal Tissue Engineering: State-of-the-Art and Novel Application in Organ Printing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:1905-25. [PMID: 17518748 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organ printing, a novel approach in tissue engineering, applies layered computer-driven deposition of cells and gels to create complex 3-dimensional cell-laden structures. It shows great promise in regenerative medicine, because it may help to solve the problem of limited donor grafts for tissue and organ repair. The technique enables anatomical cell arrangement using incorporation of cells and growth factors at predefined locations in the printed hydrogel scaffolds. This way, 3-dimensional biological structures, such as blood vessels, are already constructed. Organ printing is developing fast, and there are exciting new possibilities in this area. Hydrogels are highly hydrated polymer networks used as scaffolding materials in organ printing. These hydrogel matrices are natural or synthetic polymers that provide a supportive environment for cells to attach to and proliferate and differentiate in. Successful cell embedding requires hydrogels that are complemented with biomimetic and extracellular matrix components, to provide biological cues to elicit specific cellular responses and direct new tissue formation. This review surveys the use of hydrogels in organ printing and provides an evaluation of the recent advances in the development of hydrogels that are promising for use in skeletal regenerative medicine. Special emphasis is put on survival, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal connective tissue cells inside various hydrogel matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja E Fedorovich
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Lim JY, Donahue HJ. Cell Sensing and Response to Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces Produced by Chemical and Topographic Patterning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:1879-91. [PMID: 17583997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and topographic substrate surface patterning is recognized as a powerful tool for regulating cell functions. We discuss the relative role of scale and pattern of chemically and topographically patterned surfaces in regulating cell behavior. Chemical patterning achieved using spatial cell-adhesive molecular organization regulates different cell functions depending on its scale (micropattern for cell patterning and derived cell functions, nanopattern for collective cell functions such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation). In chemical patterning, a direct and specific cell-sensing mechanism such as integrin-ligand binding governs. Alternatively, topographic modification affects different cell functions depending on its pattern (anisotropic ridges and grooves for contact-guided cell alignment, isotropic textures having randomly or evenly distributed topographic features for collective functions). For all topographic patterns, micro- or nanotopographic scale determines whether specific cell reactions occur. If the topography effect were assessed under the same surface chemistry, cell adaptation processes would play a major role in cell sensing and response to topography, largely independent of mediation via differences in adsorbed proteins. Controlling scale and pattern in chemical and topographic substrate patterning would help significantly to develop purpose-specific cell-regulating cues in various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, implants, cell-based biosensors, microarrays, and basic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yul Lim
- Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Biomedical Devices and Functional Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ino K, Ito A, Honda H. Cell patterning using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:1309-17. [PMID: 17216656 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Technologies for fabricating functional tissue architectures by patterning cells precisely are highly desirable for tissue engineering. Although several cell patterning methods such as microcontact printing and lithography have been developed, these methods require specialized surfaces to be used as substrates, the fabrication of which is time consuming. In the present study, we demonstrated a simple and rapid cell patterning technique, using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force, which enables us to allocate cells on arbitrary surfaces. Magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) developed in our previous study were used to magnetically label the target cells. When steel plates placed on a magnet were positioned under a cell culture surface, the magnetically labeled cells lined on the surface where the steel plate was positioned. Patterned lines of single cells were achieved by adjusting the number of cells seeded, and complex cell patterns (curved, parallel, or crossing patterns) were successfully fabricated. Since cell patterning using magnetic force may not limit the property of culture surfaces, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were patterned on Matrigel, thereby forming patterned capillaries. These results suggest that the novel cell patterning methodology, which uses MCLs, is a promising approach for tissue engineering and studying cell-cell interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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28
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De Silva MN, Paulsen J, Renn MJ, Odde DJ. Two-step cell patterning on planar and complex curved surfaces by precision spraying of polymers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:919-27. [PMID: 16358279 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlling adhesion of living animal cells plays a key role in biosensor fabrication, drug-testing technologies, basic biological research, and tissue engineering applications. Current techniques for cell patterning have two primary limitations: (1) they require photolithography, and (2) they are limited to patterning of planar surfaces. Here we demonstrate a simple, precision spraying method for both positive and negative patterning of planar and curved surfaces to achieve cell patterns rapidly and reproducibly. In this method, which we call precision spraying (PS), a polymer solution is aerosolized, focused with sheath airflow through an orifice, and deposited on the substrate using a deposition head to create approximately 25 microm sized features. In positive patterning, adhesive molecules, such as laminin or polyethylenimine (PEI) were patterned on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates in a single spraying operation. A variety of animal cell types were found to adhere to the adhesive regions, and avoid the non-adhesive (bare PDMS) regions. In negative patterning, hydrophobic materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PDMS, were patterned on glass substrates. Cells then formed patterns on the exposed glass regions and avoided the hydrophobic regions. Cellular patterns were maintained for up to 2 weeks in the presence of serum, which normally fouls non-adhesive regions. Additionally, we found that precision spraying enabled micropatterning of complex-curved surfaces. Our results show that precision spraying followed by cell plating enables rapid and flexible cellular micropatterning in two simple steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauris N De Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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