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Kuryłowicz A. Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030690. [PMID: 36979669 PMCID: PMC10045924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change in adipose tissue distribution from a gynoid to an android and an increased prevalence of obesity in women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored by hormone replacement therapy, suggesting a significant role for estrogen in the regulation of adipocytes' function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved the involvement of these hormones in adipose tissue development, metabolism, and inflammatory activity. However, the relationship between estrogen and obesity is bidirectional. On the one hand-their deficiency leads to excessive fat accumulation and impairs adipocyte function, on the other-adipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by altered expression of estrogen receptors and key enzymes involved in their synthesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of estrogen in adipose tissue development, physiology, and in obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, the estrogen classification, synthesis, and modes of action are presented. Next, their role in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue activity in health and the course of obesity is described. Finally, the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen and its derivates in obesity treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland
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Evaluation of human adipose-derived stromal cell behaviour following exposure to Tamoxifen. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Knewtson KE, Ohl NR, Robinson JL. Estrogen Signaling Dictates Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Behavior: Sex Differences in Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:789-812. [PMID: 34409868 PMCID: PMC9419932 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms in humans and other species exist in visually evident features such as body size and less apparent characteristics, including disease prevalence. Current research is adding to a growing understanding of sex differences in stem cell function and response to external stimuli, including sex hormones such as estrogens. These differences are proving significant and directly impact both the understanding of stem cell processes in tissue repair and the clinical implementation of stem cell therapies. Adult stem cells of the musculoskeletal system, including those used for development and repair of muscle, bone, cartilage, fibrocartilage, ligaments, and tendons, are no exception. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found differences in stem cell number, proliferative and differentiation capabilities, and response to estrogen treatment between males and females of many species. Maintaining the stemness and reducing senescence of adult stem cells is an important topic with implications in regenerative therapy and aging. As such, this review discusses the effect of estrogens on musculoskeletal system stem cell response in multiple species and highlights the research gaps that still need to be addressed. The following evidence from investigations of sex-related phenotypes in adult progenitor and stem cells are pieces to the big puzzle of sex-related effects on aging and disease and critical information for both fundamental tissue repair and regeneration studies and safe and effective clinical use of stem cells. Impact Statement This review summarizes current knowledge of sex differences in and the effects of estrogen treatment on musculoskeletal stem cells in the context of tissue engineering. Specifically, it highlights the impact of sex on musculoskeletal stem cell function and ability to regenerate tissue. Furthermore, it discusses the varying effects of estrogen on stem cell properties, including proliferation and differentiation, important to tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of estrogens and the importance of performing sex comparative studies in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Knewtson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Nathan R. Ohl
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Jennifer L. Robinson, PhD, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street Room 4132, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 mediates proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of goat adipose-derived stem cells through ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:494-503. [PMID: 35607957 PMCID: PMC9828292 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue formation and moderate fat deposition are important for the production performance and eating quality of livestock meats. The self-renewal and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells are responsible for the formation and development of adipose tissue. In addition, estrogen targeting G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) has been reported to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation during tissue and organ development. However, the potential correlation among estrogen, GPER1, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation in goat adipose-derived stem cells (gADSCs) is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that 17β-estradiol enhances the proliferative ability of gADSCs, indicated by the increased cell number and cell viability, accompanied by up-regulated expressions of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Meanwhile, the adipogenic differentiation is promoted by 17β-estradiol, supported by higher ccumulation of intracellular lipids and increased expressions of PPARγ, ACC, and FABP4. Notably, these activities are all obviously reduced by administration with GPER1 antagonist G15, but GPER1 agonist G1 enhances cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, GPER1 silencing diminishes cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. In parallel, 17β-estradiol elevates the protein level of nuclear p-p65. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p65 is enhanced by G1 but inhibited by G15 and GPER1 silencing. In addition, the phosphorylation of p65 is mediated by ERK1/2, suggesting that estrogen targeting GPER1 regulates cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of gADSCs through the ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway. This study may provide a strong theoretical basis for improving meat quality, flavor, and cold resistance of livestock.
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The ERα/KDM6B regulatory axis modulates osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Res 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 34992221 PMCID: PMC8738748 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent public health burden associated with an increased risk of bone fracture, particularly in aging women. Estrogen, an important medicinal component for the preventative and therapeutic treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, induces osteogenesis by activating the estrogen receptor signaling pathway and upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The epigenetic regulation of estrogen-mediated osteogenesis, however, is still unclear. In this report, we found that estrogen significantly induced the expression of lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and that KDM6B depletion by shRNAs led to a significant reduction in the osteogenic potential of DMSCs. Mechanistically, upon estrogen stimulation, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was recruited to the KDM6B promoter, directly enhancing KDM6B expression. Subsequently, KDM6B was recruited to the BMP2 and HOXC6 promoters, resulting in the removal of H3K27me3 marks and activating the transcription of BMP2 and HOXC6, the master genes of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we found that estrogen enhanced DMSC osteogenesis during calvarial bone regeneration and that estrogen's pro-osteogenic effect was dependent on KDM6B in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate the vital role of the ERα/KDM6B regulatory axis in the epigenetic regulation of the estrogen-dependent osteogenic response.
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Autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal aneurysmal bone cyst. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153722. [PMID: 34952421 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients treated at our Centre with bone marrow concentrated (BMC) injection for aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the spine, in order to propose this treatment as a valid alternative for the management of ABCs. METHODS Fourteen patients (6 male, 8 female) were treated between June 2014 to December 2019 with BMC injection for ABC of the spine. The mean age was 15.5 years. The mean follow up was 37.4 months (range 12-60 months). The dimension of the cyst and the degree of ossification were measured by Computed Tomography (CT) scans before the treatment and during follow-up visits. RESULTS Six patients received a single dose of BMC, five patients received two doses and in three patients three doses of BMC were administered. The mean ossification of the cyst (expressed in Hounsfield units) increased statistically from 43.48 ± 2.36 HU to 161.71 ± 23.48 HU during follow-up time and the ossification was associated to an improvement of the clinical outcomes. The mean ossification over time was significantly higher in patients treated with a single injection compared to patients treated with multiple injections. No significant difference in ossification was found between cervical and non-cervical localization of the cyst. Moreover, the initial size of the cyst was not statistically associated with the degree of ossification during follow-up CONCLUSIONS: Results of this paper reinforce our previous evidence on the use of BMC as a valid alternative for spinal ABC management when SAE treatment is contraindicated or ineffective.
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Katzer K, Hill JL, McIver KB, Foster MT. Lipedema and the Potential Role of Estrogen in Excessive Adipose Tissue Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111720. [PMID: 34769153 PMCID: PMC8583809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a painful fat disorder that affects ~11% of the female population. It is characterized by bilateral, disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue predominantly in the lower body. The onset of lipedema pathophysiology is thought to occur during periods of hormonal fluctuation, such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. Although the identification and characterization of lipedema have improved, the underlying disease etiology remains to be elucidated. Estrogen, a key regulator of adipocyte lipid and glucose metabolism, and female-associated body fat distribution are postulated to play a contributory role in the pathophysiology of lipedema. Dysregulation of adipose tissue accumulation via estrogen signaling likely occurs by two mechanisms: (1). altered adipocyte estrogen receptor distribution (ERα/ERß ratio) and subsequent metabolic signaling and/or (2). increased release of adipocyte-produced steroidogenic enzymes leading to increased paracrine estrogen release. These alterations could result in increased activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), free fatty acid entry into adipocytes, glucose uptake, and angiogenesis while decreasing lipolysis, mitochondriogenesis, and mitochondrial function. Together, these metabolic alterations would lead to increased adipogenesis and adipocyte lipid deposition, resulting in increased adipose depot mass. This review summarizes research characterizing estrogen-mediated adipose tissue metabolism and its possible relation to excessive adipose tissue accumulation associated with lipedema.
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Kim JY, Park EJ, Kim SM, Lee HJ. Optimization of adipogenic differentiation conditions for canine adipose-derived stem cells. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e53. [PMID: 34170094 PMCID: PMC8318799 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs) exhibit various differentiation properties and are isolated from the canine subcutaneous fat. Although cADSCs are valuable as tools for research on adipogenic differentiation, studies focusing on adipogenic differentiation methods and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to establish an optimal method for adipogenic differentiation conditions of cADSCs and evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the adipogenic differentiation. METHODS To induce adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs, 3 different adipogenic medium conditions, MDI, DRI, and MDRI, using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (M), dexamethasone (D), insulin (I), and rosiglitazone (R) were tested. RESULTS MDRI, addition of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone to MDI, was the most significantly facilitated cADSC into adipocyte. GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ, significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation induced by rosiglitazone. Adipogenic differentiation was also stimulated when 17β-estradiol was added to MDI and DRI, and this stimulation was inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that PPARγ and ER signaling are related to the adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs. This study could provide basic information for future research on obesity or anti-obesity mechanisms in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Hae Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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Effect of Breast Cancer and Adjuvant Therapy on Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells: Implications for the Role of ADSCs in Regenerative Strategies for Breast Reconstruction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:523-538. [PMID: 32929604 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ADSCs) has emerged as a novel regenerative medicine approach to replace and reconstruct soft tissue damaged or lost as a result of disease process or therapeutic surgical resection. ADSCs are an attractive cell source for soft tissue regeneration due to the fact that they are easily accessible, multipotent, non-immunogenic and pro-angiogenic. ADSC based regenerative strategies have been successfully translated to the clinical setting for the treatment of Crohn's fistulae, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, and cosmetic breast augmentation (fat grafting). ADSCs are particularly attractive as a source for adipose tissue engineering as they exhibit preferential differentiation to adipocytes and support maintenance of mature adipose graft volume. The potential for reconstruction with an autologous tissue sources and a natural appearance and texture is particularly appealing in the setting of breast cancer; up to 40% of patients require mastectomy for locoregional control and current approaches to post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) are limited by the potential for complications at the donor and reconstruction sites. Despite their potential, the use of ADSCs in breast cancer patients is controversial due to concerns regarding oncological safety. These concerns relate to the regeneration of tissue at a site where a malignancy has been treated and the impact this may have on stimulating local disease recurrence or dissemination. Pre-clinical data suggest that ADSCs exhibit pro-oncogenic characteristics and are involved in stimulating progression, and growth of tumour cells. However, there have been conflicting reports on the oncologic outcome, in terms of locoregional recurrence, for breast cancer patients in whom ADSC enhanced fat grafting was utilised as an alternative to reconstruction for small volume defects. A further consideration which may impact the successful translation of ADSC based regenerative strategies for post cancer reconstruction is the potential effects of cancer therapy. This review aims to address the effect of malignant cells, adjuvant therapies and patient-specific factors that may influence the success of regenerative strategies using ADSCs for post cancer tissue regeneration.
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Soltanyzadeh M, Ghollasi M, Halabian R, Shams M. A comparative study of hBM-MSCs' differentiation toward osteogenic lineage in the presence of progesterone and estrogen hormones separately and concurrently in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1701-1713. [PMID: 32339349 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Promising cell sources for tissue engineering comprise bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that have multiple differentiation potentials. Also, sex hormones act as important elements in bone development and maintenance, and the roles of two female sex steroid hormones known as estrogen (17-β estradiol) and progesterone in osteogenic differentiation of human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) are studied. For this purpose, hBM-MSCs were treated with a 1 × 10-6 M concentration of 17-β estradiol and progesterone separately and simultaneously while the optimum concentrations were obtained by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation tests including measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, the content of total mineral calcium, mineralized matrix staining by Alizarin Red and Von Kossa solutions, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence staining were carried out on Days 7 and 14 of differentiation. To exhibit the morphology of the cells, the BM-MSCs were stained with acridine orange (AO) solution. In this study, the results of ALP activity assay, calcium content and real-time RT-PCR assay and also all tests of differentiation staining have shown that 17-β estradiol has been recognized as an enhancing factor of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, MTT assay and AO staining revealed progesterone as a factor that seriously improved the proliferation of hBM-MSCs. Generally, the 17-β estradiol individually or in the presence of progesterone has more effects on BM-MSCs' osteogenic differentiation compared to progesterone alone. In this study, it is indicated that the effect of the 17-β estradiol and progesterone concurrently was the same as individual 17-β estradiol on the differentiation of hBM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Soltanyzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shams
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
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Oliveira Spila DD, Maranhão RDPA, Ocarino NDM, de Lima JTB, Melo FG, Boeloni JN, Serakides R. Triiodothyronine Has No Enhancement Effect on the Osteogenic or Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Adipose Tissue Stem Cells. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 86:102895. [PMID: 32067668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3; 0.01 and 1,000 nM) on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation abilities of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were evaluated. The osteogenic study evaluated the effect of T3 using alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay; cell viability and density; and formation of mineralized nodules at Days 7, 14, and 21 in culture. The chondrogenic study tested the effect of T3 through ALP assay, mitochondrial metabolism, cell density, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+) matrix percentage at Days 7 and 14. In both experiments, analysis of variance was used to compare averages through the Student-Newman-Keuls test. In the osteogenic study, no differences in any variable were detected between groups at Day 7. At Day 14, 0.01 nM T3 reduced cell density and the number of mineralized nodules despite the increase in ALP activity and mitochondrial metabolism (P < .05). ALP activity increased at 1,000 nM T3 concentration (P < .05). At Day 21, 0.01 nM T3 treatment increased ALP activity compared with control treatment (P < .05). At 1,000 nM concentration, T3 reduced mitochondrial metabolism and cell density (P < .05). In the chondrogenic study, the two T3 concentrations increased cell density compared with control treatment at Day 7. At Day 14, higher T3 concentration reduced mitochondrial metabolism, ALP activity, cell density, and PAS+ chondrogenic matrix percentage compared with control treatment (P < .05). Thus, T3 addition to equine AD-MSC cultures has no enhancement effect on osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation and may, in fact, negatively affect cell density and matrix synthesis depending on hormone concentration and culture time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora de Oliveira Spila
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália de Melo Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Tiburcio Barbosa de Lima
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Gomes Melo
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jankerle Neves Boeloni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do CCA/Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Heidari Barchi Nezhad R, Asadi F, Abtahi Froushani SM, Hassanshahi G, Kaeidi A, Khanamani Falahati-Pour S, Hashemi Z, Mirzaei MR. The effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells treated with 17-b estradiol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6135-6146. [PMID: 31555971 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted aimed at exploring the modulatory effects of 17-b estradiol (17-bED) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Following the isolation of bone marrow-derived MSCs from the bilateral femurs and tibias of the male Wistar rats, the cells were harvested and cultured in the presence of 100 nM 17-bED for 24 h. EAE was induced in male Wistar rats (8-12 weeks old) using guinea pig spinal cord homogenate, in combination with the complete Freund's adjuvant. The MSC therapy was triggered when all of the animals obtained a disability score. The symptoms were monitored on a daily basis throughout the study until the rats were euthanized. The mRNA expression of cytokines, including IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β together with MMP8 and MMP9 as the family members of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the brain and spinal cord tissues were examined using real-time PCR. The levels of splenocytes-originated IL-10 and IFN-γ cytokines were also measured by ELISA. The MTT-based research findings showed that the infiltration of lymphocytes into the spleen decreased considerably. It was also observed that the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines decreased significantly, while the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased remarkably. It was also found that the mRNA levels of the examined matrix metalloproteinases (MMP8 and MMP9) were downregulated significantly. The findings of the present study indicated that the administration of 17-bED enhanced the efficacy of MSCs transplantation and modulated immune responses relatively in the EAE model, via the regulation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Heidari Barchi Nezhad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran
| | - Fateme Asadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Hashemi
- Department of General Subjects, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718175911, Iran.
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Saud B, Malla R, Shrestha K. A Review on the Effect of Plant Extract on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7513404. [PMID: 31428160 PMCID: PMC6681598 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7513404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell has immense potential in regenerative cellular therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can become a potential attractive candidate for therapy due to its remarkable ability of self-renewal and differentiation into three lineages, i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Stem cell holds tremendous promises in the field of tissue regeneration and transplantation for disease treatments. Globally, medicinal plants are being used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases. Phytochemicals like naringin, icariin, genistein, and resveratrol obtained from plants have been extensively used in traditional medicine for centuries. Certain bioactive compounds from plants increase the rate of tissue regeneration, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Several studies show that bioactive compounds from plants have a specific role (bioactive mediator) in regulating the rate of cell division and differentiation through complex signal pathways like BMP2, Runx2, and Wnt. The use of plant bioactive phytochemicals may also become promising in treating diseases like osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and other tissue degenerative disorders. Thus, the present review article is aimed at highlighting the roles and consequences of plant extracts on MSCs proliferation and desired lineage differentiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Saud
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajani Malla
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kanti Shrestha
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Liu G, Lu Y, Mai Z, Liu R, Peng Z, Chen L, Chen Z, Wang R, Ai H. Suppressing MicroRNA-30b by Estrogen Promotes Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7547506. [PMID: 31089333 PMCID: PMC6476012 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7547506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely demonstrated to interact with multiple cellular signaling pathways and to participate in a wide range of physiological processes. Estradiol-17β (E2) is the most potent and prevalent endogenous estrogen that plays a vital role in promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Currently, little is known about the regulation of miRNAs in E2-induced osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, the primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats (rBMSCs) were isolated and incubated with E2, followed by miRNA profiling. The microarray showed that 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to E2 stimulation. Further verification by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that E2 enhanced the expression of let-7b and miR-25 but suppressed the miR-30b expression. Moreover, a gain-of-function experiment confirmed that miR-30b negatively regulated the E2-induced osteogenic differentiation. These data suggest an important role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeming Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuli Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu L, Zhou L, Yang X, Liu Q, Yang L, Zheng C, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Luo X. 17β-estradiol attenuates ovariectomy‑induced bone deterioration through the suppression of the ephA2/ephrinA2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1609-1616. [PMID: 29138859 PMCID: PMC5780101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts protective effects on bone deterioration induced by ovariectomy (OVX) through the ephA2/ephrinA2 signaling pathway in rats. Female rats were subjected to OVX, sham surgeryor OVX+E2 treatment. Levels of biomarkers were measured in serum and urine. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on paraffin-embedded bone sections. Expression of genes and proteins was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Trabecular bone microarchitecture was also evaluated. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by in vitro culturing with mouse receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1. small interfering RNA was designed to knockdown ehpA2 receptor and its ligand ephrinA2. Results of the present study demonstrated that E2 had suppressive effects on OVX-induced body weight gain and bone turnover factors in serum and urine. E2 inhibited the bone resorption function of osteoclasts by inhibiting the production of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and RANKL, and induced bone formation function of osteoblasts by prompting runt-related transcription factor 2, Sp7 transcription factor and collagen alpha-1(I) chain expression in bone marrow cells. E2 treatment significantly increased the tibia BMD and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture compared with the OVX group. Moreover, E2 significantly decreased the OVX-stimulated expression of ephA2 and ephrinA2. EphA2 or ephrin A2 knockdown significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In conclusion, E2 can attenuate OVX-induced bone deterioration partially through the suppression of the ephA2/ephrinA2 signaling pathway. Therefore EphA2/ephrinA2 signaling pathway may be a potential target for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Yongling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, P.R. China
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Abstract
Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), together with adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, are contained in fat tissue. ASCs, like the human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs), can differentiate into several lineages (adipose cells, fibroblast, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, myocytes, and cardiomyocytes). They have also been shown to be immunoprivileged, and genetically stable in long-term cultures. Nevertheless, unlike the BMSCs, ASCs can be easily harvested in large amounts with minimal invasive procedures. The combination of these properties suggests that these cells may be a useful tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Açil Y, Ghoniem AA, Gülses A, Kisch T, Stang F, Wiltfang J, Gierloff M. Suppression of osteoblast-related genes during osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived stromal cells. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 45:33-38. [PMID: 27842921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated a lower osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) compared to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of potent combinations of highly osteogenic bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in order to enhance the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. Human ASCs were cultured for 10 days in the presence of osteogenic medium consisting of dexamethasone, ß-glycerophosphate and ascorbat-2-phosphate (OM) supplemented with BMP-2, BMP-6, BMP-9+IGF-2 and BMP-2,-6,-9 (day 1+2: 50 ng/ml, days 3-6: 100 ng/ml, days 7-10: 200 ng/ml). The formation of the osteoblast phenotype was evaluated by quantification of osteoblast-related marker genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Matrix mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining. Statistical analysis was carried out using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Scheffe's post hoc procedure. Osteogenic medium (OM) significantly increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (p < 0.05) and led to a stable matrix mineralization. Under the influence of BMP-9+IGF-2 and BMP-2,-6,-9 the ALP expression further increased compared to ASCs cultured with OM only (p < 0.01). However, multiple osteogenic markers showed no change or decreased under the influence of OM and BMP combinations (p < 0.05). The current results indicate a restricted osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs and suggest careful reconsideration of their use in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (Head of Scientific Laboratories: Prof. Yahya Açil, Head: Prof. Dr. Jörg Wiltfang), Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amir Alexander Ghoniem
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (Head of Scientific Laboratories: Prof. Yahya Açil, Head: Prof. Dr. Jörg Wiltfang), Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aydin Gülses
- Center for Oral and Dental Health, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tobias Kisch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Stang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (Head of Scientific Laboratories: Prof. Yahya Açil, Head: Prof. Dr. Jörg Wiltfang), Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Gierloff
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Cox-York KA, Erickson CB, Pereira RI, Bessesen DH, Van Pelt RE. Region-specific effects of oestradiol on adipose-derived stem cell differentiation in post-menopausal women. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:677-684. [PMID: 27862950 PMCID: PMC5345675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of acute transdermal 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on the adipogenic potential of subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in post‐menopausal women. Post‐menopausal women (n = 11; mean age 57 ± 4.5 years) were treated for 2 weeks, in a randomized, cross‐over design, with transdermal E2 (0.15 mg) or placebo patches. Biopsies of abdominal (AB) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained after each treatment and mature adipocytes were analysed for cell size and ASC for their capacity for proliferation (growth rate), differentiation (triglyceride accumulation) and susceptibility to tumour necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis. Gene expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ESR1 and ESR2), perilipin 1 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), was also assessed. In FEM SAT, but not AB SAT, 2 weeks of E2 significantly (P = 0.03) increased ASC differentiation and whole SAT HSL mRNA expression (P = 0.03) compared to placebo. These changes were not associated with mRNA expression of oestrogen receptors α and β, but HSL expression was significantly increased in FEM SAT with transdermal E2 treatment. Adipose‐derived stem cells proliferation and apoptosis did not change in either SAT depot after E2 compared with placebo. Short‐term E2 appeared to increase the adipogenic potential of FEM, but not AB, SAT in post‐menopausal women with possible implications for metabolic disease. Future studies are needed to determine longer term impact of E2 on regional SAT accumulation in the context of positive energy imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher B Erickson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rocio I Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Jin GZ, Park JH, Wall I, Kim HW. Isolation and culture of primary rat adipose derived stem cells using porous biopolymer microcarriers. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:242-250. [PMID: 30603405 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an attractive source of material for mesenchymal stem cell research due to the abundance of adipose and relative ease of access compared with bone marrow. A key consideration for research is whether cell isolation methods can be improved, to reduce the process steps needed to isolate and expand cell material. In the current study, we used macroporous biopolymer microcarriers to isolate primary ADSCs. We found that the method was capable of isolating ADSCs that were subsequently capable of being transferred to culture dishes and expanded in vitro. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed that they expressed typical stem cell markers and were capable of undergoing tri-lineage differentiation. In summary, it is feasible to use biopolymer microcarriers for retrieval of viable ADSCs that retain identity markers of stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea.,2Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea.,2Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ivan Wall
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea.,3Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea.,2Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,4Department of Biomaterials Science, Dankook University Dental College, Cheonan, Korea
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20
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21
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17β-estradiol differently affects osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Differentiation 2016; 92:291-297. [PMID: 27087652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived and bone marrow stem/stromal cells (ASCs and BMSCs) have been often compared for their application in regenerative medicine, and several factors sustaining their differentiation and efficacy have been investigated. 17 β-estradiol (E2) has been reported to influence some functions of progenitor cells. Here we studied the effects of 10 and 100nM E2 on ASC and BMSC vitality, proliferation and differentiation towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. E2 did not modulate ASC and BMSC vitality and growth rate, while the hormone produced a pro-adipogenic effect on both mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). In particular, the synergy between 7-day pre-treatment and 100nM E2 led to the most evident result, increasing lipid vacuoles formation in ASCs and BMSCs of +44% and +82%, respectively. Despite the fact that E2 did not alter collagen deposition of osteo-induced MSCs, we observed a different modulation of ASC and BMSC alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Indeed, this osteogenic marker was always enhanced by 17 β-estradiol in BMSCs, and 7-day pre-treatment with 100nM E2 increased it of about 70%. In contrast, E2 weakened ASC osteogenic potential, reducing their ALP activity of about 20%, with the most evident effect on ASCs isolated from pre-menopausal women (-30%). Finally, we identified an estrogen receptor α (ERα) variant of about 37kDa expressed in both MSCs. Interestingly, adipogenic stimuli drastically reduced its expression, while osteogenic ones mildly increased this isoform in BMSCs only. In conclusion, E2 positively affected the adipogenic process of both MSCs while it favored osteogenic induction in BMSCs only, and both mesenchymal progenitors expressed a novel 37kDa ER-α variant whose expression was modulated during differentiation.
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22
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Irmak G, Demirtaş TT, Çetin Altındal D, Çalış M, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Sustained Release of 17β-Estradiol Stimulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:37-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000362362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Isolation, characterization, differentiation, and application of adipose-derived stem cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 123:55-105. [PMID: 20091288 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are known and have been investigated for a long time, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue were identified as such by Zuk et al. in 2001. However, as subcutaneous fat tissue is a rich source which is much more easily accessible than bone marrow and thus can be reached by less invasive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells have moved into the research spotlight over the last 8 years.Isolation of stromal cell fractions involves centrifugation, digestion, and filtration, resulting in an adherent cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells; these can be subdivided by cell sorting and cultured under common conditions.They seem to have comparable properties to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in their differentiation abilities as well as a favorable angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile and therefore have become widely used in tissue engineering and clinical regenerative medicine.
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25
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Estrogen as a Novel Agent for Induction of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteogenic Differentiation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133:499e-510e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Boeloni JN, Ocarino NM, Goes AM, Serakides R. Comparative study of osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue of osteoporotic female rats. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55:103-14. [PMID: 24175668 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.860970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis causes reduction of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and adipose tissue. This study was designed to compare the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MSC were harvested from bone marrow and inguinal fat pads of six OVX rats. The limitations of this report are that cells from different animals were pooled for the purpose of the experiments that were carried out in this study. At 7, 14 and 21 d of osteogenic differentiation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) conversion, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression for collagen I, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were analyzed. At 21 d, percentage of cells per field and percentage of mineralized nodule were analyzed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Student-Newman-Keuls test. The cells, regardless of group, showed phenotypic characteristics consistent with stem cells. MTT conversion, alkaline phosphatase activity, percentage of mineralized nodule and expression of collagen I, osteocalcin and BMP-2 of ADSCs from OVX rats were higher when compared to BMMSCs from OVX rats in at least one of the evaluated periods (p<0.05). However, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin expression were smaller than those observed in BMMSCs for all evaluated periods (p<0.05). It was concluded that the ADSCs from OVX rats have higher osteogenic potential when compared to BMMSCs from OVX rats. This result suggests that the treatment of osteoporosis with autologous ADSCs may be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jankerle Neves Boeloni
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA), Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte, MG , Brasil and
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Chen H, Liu X, Chen H, Cao J, Zhang L, Hu X, Wang J. Role of SIRT1 and AMPK in mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:55-64. [PMID: 24333965 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compromise with age and with in vitro passages which could impair the efficacy of cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, how to maintain these capabilities is not fully understood. Calorie restriction (CR, decreasing caloric intake by 30-40%) could extend longevity and reduce aging-related diseases. Recent studies revealed that CR could influence the lineage determination of stem cells including MSCs. Two important mediators of CR might be silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy-sensing kinase. Evidences are mounting that both SIRT1 and AMPK play important roles in cell fate determination of MSCs. Herein, we intend to sum up our understanding about the role of SIRT1 and AMPK in osteogenic and adipogenic potential of MSCs. Metabolic process of MSCs differentiation and the putative interplay of SIRT1 and AMPK in this process was also discussed.
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Açil Y, Zhang X, Nitsche T, Möller B, Gassling V, Wiltfang J, Gierloff M. Effects of different scaffolds on rat adipose tissue derived stroma cells. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:825-34. [PMID: 24411468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue derived stroma cells (ASC's) offer for many advantages for tissue engineering strategies over mesenchymal stroma cells from other sources and ideal carrier materials have to be identified for them. The aim of this study was to demonstrate and to compare the effects of three clinically established biomaterials on proliferation and metabolic activity of rat ASC's in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat adipose tissue derived stroma cells (ASC's) were isolated and differentiated into distinct lineages proved by lineage specific staining and gene expression analysis (RT-PCR). The biomaterials Bio-Gide(®), Tutodent(®) Membrane and Belotero(®) Soft were tested with rat ASC's for their biocompatibility using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cell vitality staining, cytotoxicity and proliferation tests (LDH, MTT, BrdU, WST-1). RESULTS The collagen membrane Bio-Gide(®) resulted in a significantly higher viability and proliferation (WST-1, BrdU) compared to Tutodent(®) Membrane. No significant difference was determined in the LDH and MTT test. The hyaluronic acid gel Belotero(®) Soft showed no cytotoxicity (LDH, FDA/PI) and had no negative effects on metabolic activity (WST-1, MTT) or cell proliferation (BrdU) of ASC's. CONCLUSION Our results indicate Bio-Gide(®) and Belotero(®) Soft as preferable carrier materials for ASC's. For the further establishment of ASC's-based treatment strategies, in vivo investigations on the tissue regeneration potential of these cell-biomaterial scaffolds should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Xiacong Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Nitsche
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Möller
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Gassling
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Gierloff
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Mandel K, Yang Y, Schambach A, Glage S, Otte A, Hass R. Mesenchymal stem cells directly interact with breast cancer cells and promote tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3114-27. [PMID: 23895436 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular interactions were investigated between human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human breast cancer cells. Co-culture of the two cell populations was associated with an MSC-mediated growth stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A continuous expansion of tumor cell colonies was progressively surrounded by MSC(GFP) displaying elongated cell bodies. Moreover, some MSC(GFP) and MDA-MB-231(cherry) cells spontaneously generated hybrid/chimeric cell populations, demonstrating a dual (green fluorescent protein+cherry) fluorescence. During a co-culture of 5-6 days, MSC also induced expression of the GPI-anchored CD90 molecule in breast cancer cells, which could not be observed in a transwell assay, suggesting the requirement of direct cellular interactions. Indeed, MSC-mediated CD90 induction in the breast cancer cells could be partially blocked by a gap junction inhibitor and by inhibition of the notch signaling pathway, respectively. Similar findings were observed in vivo by which a subcutaneous injection of a co-culture of primary MSC with MDA-MB-231(GFP) cells into NOD/scid mice exhibited an about 10-fold increased tumor size and enhanced metastatic capacity as compared with the MDA-MB-231(GFP) mono-culture. Flow cytometric evaluation of the co-culture tumors revealed more than 90% of breast cancer cells with about 3% of CD90-positive cells, also suggesting an MSC-mediated in vivo induction of CD90 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an elevated neovascularization and viability in the MSC/MDA-MB-231(GFP)-derived tumors. Together, these data suggested an MSC-mediated growth stimulation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by which the altered MSC morphology and the appearance of hybrid/chimeric cells and breast cancer-expressing CD90(+) cells indicate mutual cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mandel
- 1 Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Gynecology Research Unit , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yu J. 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol enhances odonto/osteogenic potency of human dental pulp stem cells by activation of the NF-κB pathway. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:677-84. [PMID: 24152244 PMCID: PMC4065368 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oestrogen has been proven to significantly enhance osteogenic potency, while oestrogen deficiency usually leads to impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known concerning direct effects of oestrogen on differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, human DPSCs were isolated and treated with 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol (E2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining were performed. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red showed that E2 treatment significantly enhanced ALP activity and mineralization ability of DPSCs, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot assay demonstrated that odonto/osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, OCN/OCN and DSPP/DSP) were significantly upregulated in the cells after E2 treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IκBα/P65 and expression of nuclear P65 were enhanced in a time-dependent manner following E2 treatment, suggesting activation of NF-κB signaling. Conversely, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway suppressed E2-mediated upregulation of odonto/osteogenic markers, indicating that the NF-κB pathway was pivotal for E2-mediated differentiation. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 10(-7) m 17β-oestradiol promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215005, China
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MicroRNA regulation of adipose derived stem cells in aging rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59238. [PMID: 23516615 PMCID: PMC3597632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perturbations in abdominal fat secreted adipokines play a key role in metabolic syndrome. This process is further altered during the aging process, probably due to alterations in the preadipocytes (aka. stromal vascular fraction cells-SVF cells or adipose derived stem cells-ASCs) composition and/or function. Since microRNAs regulate genes involved both in development and aging processes, we hypothesized that the impaired adipose function with aging is due to altered microRNA regulation of adipogenic pathways in SVF cells. Methodology and Principal Findings Alterations in mRNA and proteins associated with adipogenic differentiation (ERK5 and PPARg) but not osteogenic (RUNX2) pathways were observed in SVF cells isolated from visceral adipose tissue with aging (6 to 30 mo) in female Fischer 344 x Brown Norway Hybrid (FBN) rats. The impaired differentiation capacity with aging correlated with altered levels of miRNAs involved in adipocyte differentiation (miRNA-143) and osteogenic pathways (miRNA-204). Gain and loss of function studies using premir or antagomir-143 validated the age associated adipocyte dysfunction. Conclusions and Significance Our studies for the first time indicate a role for miRNA mediated regulation of SVF cells with aging. This discovery is important in the light of the findings that dysfunctional adipose derived stem cells contribute to age related chronic diseases.
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Boeloni JN, Ocarino NM, Goes AM, Serakides R. Efeito in vitro da triiodotironina sob o potencial osteogênico reduzido de células-tronco mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de ratas ovariectomizadas e com osteoporose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:98-111. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a triiodotironina (T3) aumenta a diferenciação osteogênica das células-tronco mesenquimais do tecido adiposo (CTM-TA) de ratas adultas ovariectomizadas e com osteoporose e compará-lo ao de ratas adultas e jovens sem osteoporose. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: CTM-TA foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico e distribuídas em sete grupos: 1) CTM-TA de ratas jovens sem osteoporose; 2) CTM-TA de ratas adultas sem osteoporose; 3) CTM-TA de ratas adultas com osteoporose e 4, 5, 6 e 7) CTM-TA de ratas adultas com osteoporose tratadas com T3 (0,01 nM, 1 nM, 100 nM e 1.000 nM). AVALIARAM-SE: atividade da fosfatase alcalina, conversão do dimetiltiazol (MTT), porcentagem de nódulos de mineralização, celularidade e quantificação de transcriptos gênicos para colágeno I, osteocalcina, osteopontina e Bmp-2. RESULTADOS: Independente da dose, T3 reduziu a conversão do MTT, a atividade da fosfatase, a porcentagem de células e a expressão de colágeno I em pelo menos uma das doses e dos períodos estudados (p < 0,05). Mas o tratamento com T3 não alterou o número de nódulos de mineralização e a expressão de osteopontina e Bmp-2 em culturas de CTM-TA de ratas adultas com osteoporose (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: T3 apresenta efeitos negativos sobre alguns fatores envolvidos na diferenciação osteogênica de CTM-TA, sem, no entanto, reduzir a formação de nódulos de mineralização e a expressão de proteínas ósseas.
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Abstract
In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue. These stem cells, now known as adipose-derived stem cells or ADSCs, have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. As of today, thousands of research and clinical articles have been published using ASCs, describing their possible pluripotency in vitro, their uses in regenerative animal models, and their application to the clinic. This paper outlines the progress made in the ASC field since their initial description in 2001, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo, their use in mediating inflammation and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and their potential for reprogramming into induced pluripotent cells.
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Growth Characteristics of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells During Long Time Culture Regulated by Cyclin A and Cyclin D1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:2230-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hass R, Otte A. Mesenchymal stem cells as all-round supporters in a normal and neoplastic microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22943670 PMCID: PMC3444900 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a heterogeneous population exhibiting stem cell-like properties which are distributed almost ubiquitously among perivascular niches of various human tissues and organs. Organismal requirements such as tissue damage determine interdisciplinary functions of resident MSC including self-renewal, migration and differentiation, whereby MSC support local tissue repair, angiogenesis and concomitant immunomodulation. However, growth of tumor cells and invasion also causes local tissue damage and injury which subsequently activates repair mechanisms and consequently, attracts MSC. Thereby, MSC exhibit a tissue-specific functional biodiversity which is mediated by direct cell-to-cell communication via adhesion molecule signaling and by a tightly regulated exchange of a multifactorial panel of cytokines, exosomes, and micro RNAs. Such interactions determine either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibitory support by MSC. Moreover, fusion with necrotic/apoptotic tumor cell bodies contributes to re-program MSC into an aberrant phenotype also suggesting that tumor tissue in general represents different types of neoplastic cell populations including tumor-associated stem cell-like cells. The present work summarizes some functional characteristics and biodiversity of MSC and highlights certain controversial interactions with normal and tumorigenic cell populations, including associated modulations within the MSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Gynecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OE 6410), Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Osteodifferentiation of human preadipocytes induced by strontium released from hydrogels. Int J Biomater 2012; 2012:865291. [PMID: 22927856 PMCID: PMC3423935 DOI: 10.1155/2012/865291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in interactive application principles of biology and engineering for the development of valid biological systems for tissue regeneration, such as for the treatment of bone fractures or skeletal defects. The application of stem cells together with biomaterials releasing bioactive factors promotes the formation of bone tissue by inducing proliferation and/or cell differentiation. In this study, we used a clonal cell line from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs or preadipocytes), named PA2-E12, to evaluate the effects of strontium (Sr2+) released in the culture medium from an amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMCA) hydrogel enriched with different Sr2+ concentrations on osteodifferentiation. The osteoinductive effect was evaluated through both the expression of alkaline phophatase (ALP) activity and the hydroxyapatite (HA) production during 42 days of induction. Present data have shown that Sr2+ released from CMCA promotes the osteodifferentiation induced by an osteogenic medium as shown by the increase of ALP activity at 7 and 14 days and of HA production at 14 days. In conclusion, the use of biomaterials able to release in situ osteoinductive agents, like Sr2+, could represent a new strategy for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Xu YX, Xu B, Wu CL, Wu Y, Tong PJ, Xiao LW. Dynamic expression of DKK1 protein in the process whereby Epimedium-derived flavonoids up-regulate osteogenic and down-regulate adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in ovariectomized rats. Orthop Surg 2012; 3:119-26. [PMID: 22009597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-7861.2011.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the dynamic expression of DKK1 protein in the process whereby Epimedium-derived flavonoids (EFs) regulate the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in ovariectomized rats, and to provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of EFs in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS Bone marrow stromal cells from ovariectomized rats were separated and cultivated in osteoinductive or liquid medium for 15 days in vitro. EFs (10 µg/mL) were applied to both cultures. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity determination, Oil Red O staining and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the influence of EFs on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in ovariectomized rats. Moreover, in order to explore the exact mechanism of EFs on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in ovariectomized rats, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the dynamic expression of DKK1 protein in this process. RESULTS EFs increased activity of ALP and mRNA expression of Runx2 (early osteoblast differentiation factor) and decreased mRNA expression of PPARγ-2 (key factor of fat generation). Importantly, EFs down-regulated expression of DKK1 protein in an osteogenic induction medium and inhibited up-regulation of DKK1 protein in an adipogenic induction medium. CONCLUSION EFs regulate the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in ovariectomized rats by down-regulating expression of DKK1 protein. This may be an important molecular mechanism of EFs in the context of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-xing Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, China
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Hass R, Kasper C, Böhm S, Jacobs R. Different populations and sources of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC): A comparison of adult and neonatal tissue-derived MSC. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:12. [PMID: 21569606 PMCID: PMC3117820 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1158] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stroma harbors an important population of cells that possess stem cell-like characteristics including self renewal and differentiation capacities and can be derived from a variety of different sources. These multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be found in nearly all tissues and are mostly located in perivascular niches. MSC have migratory abilities and can secrete protective factors and act as a primary matrix for tissue regeneration during inflammation, tissue injuries and certain cancers.These functions underlie the important physiological roles of MSC and underscore a significant potential for the clinical use of distinct populations from the various tissues. MSC derived from different adult (adipose tissue, peripheral blood, bone marrow) and neonatal tissues (particular parts of the placenta and umbilical cord) are therefore compared in this mini-review with respect to their cell biological properties, surface marker expression and proliferative capacities. In addition, several MSC functions including in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacities within a variety of lineages and immune-modulatory properties are highlighted. Differences in the extracellular milieu such as the presence of interacting neighbouring cell populations, exposure to proteases or a hypoxic microenvironment contribute to functional developments within MSC populations originating from different tissues, and intracellular conditions such as the expression levels of certain micro RNAs can additionally balance MSC function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Tumor Biology, Gynecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Choi JH, Gimble JM, Lee K, Marra KG, Rubin JP, Yoo JJ, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kaplan DL. Adipose tissue engineering for soft tissue regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 16:413-26. [PMID: 20166810 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for soft tissue defects caused by various pathologies and trauma include autologous grafting and commercially available fillers. However, these treatment methods present a number of challenges and limitations, such as donor-site morbidity and volume loss over time. As such, improved therapeutic modalities need to be developed. Tissue engineering techniques offer novel solutions to these problems through development of bioactive tissue constructs that can regenerate adipose tissue in both structure and function. Recently, a number of studies have been designed to explore various methods to engineer human adipose tissue. This review will focus on these developments in the area of adipose tissue engineering for soft tissue replacement. The physiology of adipose tissue and current surgical therapies used to replace lost tissue volume, specifically in breast tissue, are introduced, and current biomaterials, cell sources, and tissue culture strategies are discussed. We discuss future areas of study in adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Abstract
This is a review of the growing scientific interest in the developmental plasticity and therapeutic potential of stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that are abundant in fat tissue. It has been shown that ASCs can differentiate into several lineages, including adipose cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. At the same time, adipose tissue can be harvested by a minimally invasive procedure, which makes it a promising source of adult stem cells. Therefore, it is believed that ASCs may become an alternative to the currently available adult stem cells (e.g. bone marrow stromal cells) for potential use in regenerative medicine. In this review, we present the basic information about the field of adipose-derived stem cells and their potential use in various applications.
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Choi JH, Bellas E, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kaplan DL. Adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells on 3D silk scaffolds. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 702:319-30. [PMID: 21082412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-960-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for soft tissue defects due to various pathologies and trauma include autologous grafting and the use of commercially available fillers. However, these treatment methods are associated with a number of limitations, such as donor site morbidity and volume loss over time. As such, improved therapeutic options are needed. Tissue engineering techniques offer novel solutions to these problems through development of bioactive tissue constructs that can regenerate adipose tissue with an appropriate structure and function. The recent advances in the derivation and characterization of hASCs have led to numerous studies of soft tissue reconstruction. In this chapter, we discuss methods in which our laboratory has used hASCs and silk scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. The use of naturally occurring and clinically acceptable materials such as silk protein for tissue-engineering applications poses advantages with respect to biocompatibility and mechanical and biological properties.
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Hong L, Krishnamachari Y, Seabold D, Joshi V, Schneider G, Salem AK. Intracellular release of 17-β estradiol from cationic polyamidoamine dendrimer surface-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles improves osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 17:319-25. [PMID: 20883116 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered a potential cell source for MSC-based bone regeneration, but improvements in the proliferation and differentiation capacity of MSCs are necessary for practical applications. Estrogen effectively improves MSC capabilities and has strong potential as a regulator of MSCs. The aim of this study was to develop a delivery system that provides intracellular release of estrogen and test its ability to improve osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were developed that entrap 17-β estradiol (E2) and provide intracellular release of E2. The results show that we can prepare PLGA particles with efficient loading of E2 and maintain release of E2 up to 7 days. Surface modifying E2-loaded PLGA particles with cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers enabled increased uptake by human MSCs. Human MSC uptake of the E2-loaded PLGA particles significantly upregulates osteogenic differentiation markers of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. In conclusion, cationic-modified PLGA particles can serve as a tool for intracellular delivery of estrogen to effectively execute estrogen regulation of MSCs. This approach has the potential to improve the osteogenic capabilities of MSCs and to develop appropriate environments of implantation for MSC-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, Collage of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Hong L, Zhang G, Sultana H, Yu Y, Wei Z. The effects of 17-β estradiol on enhancing proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:925-31. [PMID: 20735179 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with self-renewal and multiple differentiation potentials are considered a possible cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the limited amount of MSCs in bone marrow and the loss of differentiation capacity following in vitro expansion restrict their practical application. Effective improvement of MSC proliferation is necessary for the clinical application of MSC-based tissue engineering. The effects of estrogen supplements on proliferation and characterizations of human MSCs were investigated at the present study. Supplements of 17-β estradiol (E2) significantly increase the proliferation of human MSCs in vitro. The dose range of E2 to significantly increase MSC proliferation differs in the gender of MSC donor. E2 supplementation in cell proliferation maintains characterizations of MSCs, including cell surface markers, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities. These data indicate that estrogen treatment can play an important role in improving human MSCs' expansion in vitro, which will effectively facilitate MSCs' function in the practical application of tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Divergent modulation of adipose-derived stromal cell differentiation by TGF-beta1 based on species of derivation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126:412-425. [PMID: 20679827 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181df64dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stromal cells hold promise for skeletal tissue engineering. However, various studies have observed that adipose-derived stromal cells differ significantly in their biology depending on species of derivation. In the following study, the authors sought to determine the species-specific response of adipose-derived stromal cells to recombinant TGF-beta1 (rTGF-beta1). METHODS Adipose-derived stromal cells were derived from mouse and human sources. Recombinant TGF-beta1 was added to culture medium (2.5 to 10 ng/ml); proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were assessed by standardized parameters, including cell counting, alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red, oil red O staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Recombinant TGF-beta1 was found to significantly repress cellular proliferation in both mouse and human adipose-derived stromal cells (p < 0.01). Recombinant TGF-beta1 was found to significantly repress osteogenic differentiation in mouse adipose-derived stromal cells. In contrast, osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells proceeded unimpeded in either the presence or the absence of rTGF-beta1. Interestingly, rTGF-beta1 induced expression of a number of osteogenic genes in human adipose-derived stromal cells, including BMP2 and BMP4. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results further detail an important facet in which mouse and human adipose-derived stromal cells differ. Mouse adipose-derived stromal cell osteogenesis is completely inhibited by rTGF-beta1, whereas human adipose-derived stromal cell osteogenesis progresses in the presence of rTGF-beta1. These data highlight the importance of species of derivation in basic adipose-derived stromal cell biology. Future studies will examine in more detail the species-specific differences among adipose-derived stromal cell populations.
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E LL, Xu LL, Wu X, Wang DS, Lv Y, Wang JZ, Liu HC. The Interactions Between Rat-Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Play an Important Role in Bone Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2927-40. [PMID: 20486786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling E
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Xu
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zhu Wang
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Dental Institute, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Kim WY, Chung CS. Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Proliferation and Differentiation of Preadipocytes from Female and Male Pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2010.52.1.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roh SH, Kim CY, Won YS, Park CJ, Lee SS, Lee JG. Studies on Genetic Parameter Estimation and Sire Selection to Ultrasound Measurement Traits of Hanwoo. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2010.52.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ratanavaraporn J, Kanokpanont S, Tabata Y, Damrongsakkul S. Growth and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stem cells on chitosan and chitooligosaccharide films. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang M, Tan J, Coffey A, Fehrenbacher J, Weil BR, Meldrum DR. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-stimulated hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha mediates estrogen receptor-alpha-induced mesenchymal stem cell vascular endothelial growth factor production. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:163-71, 171.e1. [PMID: 19577074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor, a critical factor in angiogenesis, mediates stem cell paracrine protective effects on ischemic myocardium. Studies on the role of sex in stem cell function have demonstrated that female mesenchymal stem cells produce greater vascular endothelial growth factor and provide better cardiac protection compared with male mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which estrogen affects mesenchymal stem cell function as a potential therapeutic measure during ex vivo expansion, before therapeutic use. METHODS A single-step purification method using adhesion to cell culture plastic was adopted to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from wild-type, estrogen receptor-alpha knockout, estrogen receptor-beta knockout, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 knockout mice. Mesenchymal stem cells were treated with or without 17beta-estradiol, estrogen receptor-alpha agonist (propyl pyrazoletriol), and estrogen receptor-beta agonist (diarylpropionitrile). RESULTS 17beta-estradiol significantly increased mesenchymal stem cell vascular endothelial growth factor production in a dose-dependent manner. Both estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta were expressed in mesenchymal stem cells. Administration of 17beta-estradiol or estrogen receptor-alpha agonist (not estrogen receptor-beta agonist) elevated mesenchymal stem cell vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. However, these effects were neutralized in estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mesenchymal stem cells, not estrogen receptor-beta knockout. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 knockout abolished estrogen receptor-alpha-induced hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and subsequent vascular endothelial growth factor production. CONCLUSION 17beta-estradiol-induced vascular endothelial growth factor production from mesenchymal stem cells appears to be mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind, USA
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Yoshihara R, Utsunomiya K, Gojo A, Ishizawa S, Kanazawa Y, Matoba K, Taniguchi K, Yokota T, Kurata H, Yokoyama JI, Urashima M, Tajima N. Association of polymorphism of estrogen receptor-alpha gene with circulating levels of adiponectin in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:250-5. [PMID: 19556726 DOI: 10.5551/jat.e471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Menopause is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women because of the reduction in endogenous estrogen. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) gene (c.454-397T>C) associated with the prognosis of myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women were identified; however, the mechanism by which genetic variation of ESR-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of CVD is unknown. Circulating levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines predict CVD risk; hence, this study aimed to investigate whether ESR-1 genotypes (c.454-397T>C) might influence circulating levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Sixty-three postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined. RESULTS The genotype of ESR-1 was closely associated with serum adiponectin, which was decreased in subjects with the T allele and was lowest in those with the T/T genotype. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed independent contribution of the homozygote for the T allele to low serum levels of adiponectin. CONCLUSION The T allele of the c.454-397T>C SNP of ESR-1 is associated with low serum levels of adiponectin, which may lead to a high risk of CVD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yoshihara
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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