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Lu X, Ye Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Sun J, Ji J, Zhang Y, Sun X. Rapid generation of high-quality recombinant antibodies using an Expi293F expression system for a 17 β-estradiol immunoassay. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131126. [PMID: 36878029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid generation of high-quality target antibodies is essential for research employing immunoassays. The use of recombinant antibody technology that relies on genetic engineering is one such means to produce high-quality antibodies. Obtaining the gene sequence information of immunoglobulin is a prerequisite for the preparation of genetically engineered antibodies. At present, many researchers have shared their amino acid sequence data for various high-performance antibodies and their related properties. In this study, we obtained the protein sequence of a variable region of a 17 β-estradiol (E2) antibody from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subsequently constructed heavy (H) and light (L) chain expression vectors through codon optimization. The transient expression, purification, and performance identification of the immunoglobulin G (IgG), antigen-binding fragment (Fab), and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies were carried out, respectively. The effects of the different expression vectors on the expression yield of the IgG antibody were further compared. Among them, the expression yield based on the pTT5 vector was the highest, reaching 27 mg/L. Based on the expressed IgG and Fab antibodies, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) standard curve of E2 was constructed, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for these two antibodies were determined to be 0.129 ng/mL and 0.188 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on the IgG antibody was constructed with an IC50 of 3.7 ng/mL. Therefore, in featuring the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, rapid obtainment, and high titer yield, we propose the system for the rapid generation of high-quality recombinant antibodies by reusing the published antibody information and show that it has good implementation prospects in improving upon existing immunoassay techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Chávez-Pérez C, Ceballos-Ramírez A, Suárez-Castro A. [Effects of the use of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in Alzheimer's disease in women with menopause]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2021; 56:236-40. [PMID: 34112537 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in women with menopause helps in the reduction of vasomotor symptoms and cognitive improvement. There is evidence on the use of certain flavonoids such as genistein, which has a potentially neuroprotective role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Scientific evidence on the effects of phytoestrogens and genistein during menopause and their effect on cognition are scarce, however, in the present review it was found that the intervention with 17 β-estradiol has positive effects on cognition in women with Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the use of genistein, daidzein or any supplement based on isoflavones may influence vasomotor symptoms. 17 β-estradiol supplements in women in early menopause and with some degree of cognitive impairment may have beneficial effects.
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Abstract
Systemic homeostasis is maintained by the robust bidirectional regulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network by the active involvement of neural, endocrine and immune mediators. Throughout female reproductive life, gonadal hormones undergo cyclic variations and mediate concomitant modulations of the neuroendocrine-immune network. Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network occurs during aging as a cumulative effect of declining neural, endocrine and immune functions and loss of compensatory mechanisms including antioxidant enzymes, growth factors and co-factors. This leads to disruption of homeostasis and sets the stage for the development of female-specific age-associated diseases such as autoimmunity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. Ovarian hormones especially estrogen, play a key role in the maintenance of health and homeostasis by modulating the nervous, endocrine and immune functions and thereby altering neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Immunologically estrogen's role in the modulation of Th1/Th2 immune functions and contributing to pro-inflammatory conditions and autoimmunity has been widely studied. Centrally, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones influence gonadal hormone secretion in murine models during onset of estrous cycles and are implicated in reproductive aging-associated acyclicity. Loss of estrogen affects neuronal plasticity and the ensuing decline in cognitive functions during reproductive aging in females implicates estrogen in the incidence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Peripherally, sympathetic noradrenergic (NA) innervations of lymphoid organs and the presence of both adrenergic (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER) on lymphocytes poise estrogen as a potent neuroimmunomodulator during health and disease. Cyclic variations in estrogen levels throughout reproductive life, perimenopausal surge in estrogen levels followed by its precipitous decline, concomitant with decline in central hypothalamic catecholaminergic activity, peripheral sympathetic NA innervation and associated immunosuppression present an interesting study to explore female-specific age-associated diseases in a new light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Priyanka
- Inspire Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Research in Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Speciality Hospital, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai-600002, India
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhang M, Sun X, Bai J, Peng Y, Li S, Han D, Ren S, Wang J, Han T, Gao Y, Ning B, Gao Z. A fluorescent amplification strategy for high-sensitive detection of 17 β-estradiol based on EXPAR and HCR. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1116:1-8. [PMID: 32389184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptors in the environment and food, especially 17 β-estradiol (E2), are important factors affecting the growth and development of organisms. In this research, we constructed a fluorescence strategy for two-step amplification that combined two currently popular methods, exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR). E2 competed with the complementary DNA (cDNA) to bind the aptamer modified on the magnetic beads. The free complementary strand in the supernatant was used as a trigger sequence to activate EXPAR, producing a large amount of short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The amplified ssDNA can trigger the second HCR amplification, producing many long double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) analogues. According to the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the carboxyfluorescein (FAM) signals in H1 and H2 hairpins were quenched by black hole quencher (BHQ-1). After the addition of E2 and initiation of amplification, the initially quenched fluorescent signal would be restored. This strategy with a detection limit of 0.37 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3) showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.4-800 pg mL-1. In addition, the recovery rates of the method for milk and water samples were 98.55%-116.95% and 92.32%-107.00%, respectively. This is the first report of the combined detection of EXPAR and HCR, providing a reference for rapid and highly sensitive detection using multiple isothermal amplification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Man Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Tie Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Yifei Gao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
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Gandhi A, Matta MK, Stewart S, Chockalingam A, Knapton A, Rouse R, Wu W, Patel V. Quantitative analysis of underivatized 17 β-estradiol using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay - Application to support a pharmacokinetic study in ovariectomized guinea pigs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112897. [PMID: 31593865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Difference in female sex hormone, β-estradiol (E2), levels can contribute to sex differences in biological processes that underlie target tissue functions (QT interval), vulnerability to diseases (hepatitis or HIV), and response toward therapies. Accurate quantification of plasma E2 level is thus an important aspect in both basic science research examining hormone-regulated physiological mechanisms and in clinical settings to support patient care associated with altered E2 levels. Due to lack of a high-throughput high-sensitivity analytical method, we developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay for accurate low-level quantification of E2 and demonstrated its application to a guinea pig pharmacokinetic study in which guinea pigs were treated with 10 or 40 μg/kg E2 subcutaneously and blood samples collected at 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-dosing. E2 was extracted using 90 μL ovariectomized guinea pig plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. The method was robust, sensitive with linear range from 3.9 to 1000 pg/mL, and the assay met acceptance criteria for validation parameters listed in the current FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Method Validation. Compared to the 10 μg/kg dose, more than dose proportional increase in maximum E2 plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC0-∞ and correspondingly longer half-life were observed after 40 μg/kg dose. This assay is a significant improvement over existing E2 quantification methods in bioanalytical field, with high precision and accuracy, low sample and injection volumes, no derivatization, and short assay run time of 3 min. This assay is amenable in high-throughput settings requiring low-level E2 quantitation in basic science research and clinical settings.
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Naderain H, Khanlarkhani N, Ragerdi Kashani I, Atlasi A, Atlasi MA. Comparison of the effects of progesterone and 17 β-estradiol on Schwann cell markers expression in rat adipose-derived stem cells. Vet Res Forum 2019; 9:307-313. [PMID: 30713608 PMCID: PMC6346486 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.33103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroids promote the myelination and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Whereas, little is known about the inducing effects by which the hormones exert their effects on Schwann cells differentiation. This could be revealed by the expression of Schwann cell markers in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The purpose of this study was to present the effects of progesterone and 17 β-estradiol on the Schwann cell markers in rat ADSCs. The mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD73, and CD90) were assayed by flow cytometry. Rat ADSCs were sequentially treated with β-mercaptoethanol, and all-trans-retinoic acid, followed by a mixture of basic fibrobroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, forskolin and heregulin. In experimental groups, forskolin and heregulin were substituted by progesterone and 17 β-estradiol. After induction, the expression of Schwann cell markers P0, and S-100 and the cellular immunocytochemical staining positive rate of anti-S100 and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies were compared in the experimental and control groups. Progesterone and 17 β-estradiol triggered P0 and S-100 genes expression and induced a cellular immunocytochemical staining positive rate of S-100 and GFAP in rats ADSCs. Progesterone induced these changes stronger than 17 β-estradiol. Thus, progesterone may induce rat ADSCs toward Schwann-like cells by expression of Schwann cell markers and is more potent than 17 β-estradiol in the expression of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Naderain
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Atlasi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Atlasi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Varmazyar R, Noori-Zadeh A, Rajaei F, Darabi S, Bakhtiyari S. 17 β-Estradiol Oxidative Stress Attenuation and Autophagy-Induced Dopaminergic Neuroprotection. Cell J 2018; 21:1-6. [PMID: 30507082 PMCID: PMC6275422 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain stem is the main pathological
aspect of Parkinson’s disease (PD). 17 β-estradiol (E2) has neuroprotective effects on substantia nigra, however, the
underlined mechanism is not well-known. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of E2 in the ovariectomized
6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA) rat model of PD.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, all animals were ovariectomized to avoid any further bias in E2 levels
and then these ovariectomized rats were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (10 rats in each group):
ovariectomized control group (OCG), ovariectomized degeneration group receiving 25 μg of 6-OHDA into the left corpus
striatum (ODG), and ovariectomized E2 pretreatment group pretreated with 0.1 mgkg-1of 17 β-estradiol for three days prior
to the destruction of corpus striatum with 6-OHDA (OE2PTG). The apomorphine behavioral test and Nissl staining were
performed in all experimental groups. The expressions of Sequestosome-1 (P62), Unc- 51 like autophagy activating kinase
(Ulk1), and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (Lc3) genes were evaluated using reverse transcription-
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results E2 administration reduced the damages to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. The motor
behavior, the number of rotations, and histological tests in the treatment group showed the cell survival improvement in
comparison with the control groups indicating that E2 can inhibit the neurodegeneration. P62 and Lc3 were expressed
in all experimental groups while Ulk1 was not expressed in ODG group. Moreover, Ulk1 was expressed after the
treatment with E2 in OE2PTG group.
Conclusion E2 prevents neurodegeneration in dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain by over-expression of Ulk1 gene and
augmenting the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Varmazyar
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Noori-Zadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Go RE, Hwang KA, Kim CW, Byun YS, Nam KH, Choi KC. Effect of dioxin and 17β-estradiol on the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene via an estrogen receptor dependent pathway in cellular and xenografted models. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2225-2233. [PMID: 28618207 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 plays a major role in the metabolic activation of procarcinogens to carcinogens via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Especially, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as an agonist of AhR. In estrogen responsive cancers, 17β-estradiol (E2) may influence on AhR dependent expression of CYP1 family via the interaction between estrogen receptor (ER) and AhR. In the present study, the effect of E2/ER on the expression of AhR and CYP1A1 genes was investigated for MCF-7 clonal variant (MCF-7 CV) breast cancer cells expressing ER. In reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis, mRNA expression level of AhR was not altered, but its protein expression level was increased by TCDD or E2. The transcriptional and translational levels of CYP1A1 appeared to be increased by TCDD or E2. The increased expression of AhR and CYP1A1 induced by E2 was restored to the control level by the co-treatment of ICI 182,780, indicating that E2 induced the protein expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 like TCDD via an ER dependent pathway. In an in vivo xenograft mouse model transplanted with MCF-7 CV cells, the protein expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 of tumor masses were also increased by E2 or TCDD. Taken together, these results indicate that E2 may promote AhR dependent expression of CYP1A1 via ER dependent pathway in MCF-7 CV cells expressing ER in the absence of TCDD, an agonist of AhR. The relevance of E2 and ER in CYP1A1 activation of estrogen responsive cancers may be targeted for developing more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sub Byun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Dai Y, Liu CC. Detection of 17 β-Estradiol in Environmental Samples and for Health Care Using a Single-Use, Cost-Effective Biosensor Based on Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Biosensors (Basel) 2017; 7:E15. [PMID: 28353630 DOI: 10.3390/bios7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental estrogen pollution and estrogen effects on the female reproductive system are well recognized scientifically. Among the estrogens, 17 β-estradiol is a priority in environmental estrogen pollution, and it is also a major contributor to estrogen which regulates the female reproductive system. 17 β-estradiol is carcinogenic and has a tumor promotion effect relating to breast cancer, lung cancer and others. It also affects psychological well-being such as depression, fatigue and others. Thus, a simple method of detecting 17 β-estradiol will be important for both environmental estrogen pollution and health care. This study demonstrates a single-use, cost-effective 17 β-estradiol biosensor system which can be used for both environmental and health care applications. The bio-recognition mechanism is based on the influence of the redox couple, K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 by the interaction between 17 β-estradiol antigen and its α-receptor (ER-α; α-estrogen antibody). The transduction mechanism is an electrochemical analytical technique, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The levels of 17 β-estradiol antigen studied were between 2.25 pg/mL and 2250 pg/mL; Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), tap water from the Cleveland regional water district, and simulated urine were used as the test media covering the potential application areas for 17 β-estradiol detection. An interference study by testosterone, which has a similar chemical structure and molecular weight as those of 17 β-estradiol, was carried out, and this 17 β-estradiol biosensor showed excellent specificity without any interference by similar chemicals.
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Mitra S, Bastos CP, Bates K, Pereira GS, Bult-Ito A. Ovarian Sex Hormones Modulate Compulsive, Affective and Cognitive Functions in A Non-Induced Mouse Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:215. [PMID: 27881956 PMCID: PMC5101197 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of understanding of how surgical menopause can influence obsessions, compulsions and associated affective and cognitive functions in female obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Early menopause in women due to surgical removal of ovaries not only causes dramatic hormonal changes, but also may induce affective and cognitive disorders. Here, we tested if surgical removal of ovaries (ovariectomy, OVX), which mimics surgical menopause in humans, would result in exacerbation of compulsive, affective and cognitive behaviors in mice strains that exhibit a spontaneous compulsive-like phenotype. Female mice from compulsive-like BIG, non-compulsive SMALL and randomly-bred Control strains were subjected to OVX or sham-surgery. After 7 days animals were tested for nest building and marble burying to measure compulsive-like behavior. The elevated plus maze and open field tests measured anxiety-like behaviors, while memory was assessed by the novel object recognition. Acute OVX resulted in exacerbation of compulsive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in compulsive-like BIG mice. No significant effects of OVX were observed for the non-compulsive SMALL and Control strains. Object recognition memory was impaired in compulsive-like BIG female mice compared to the Control mice, without an effect of OVX on the BIG mice. We also tested whether 17 β-estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) could reverse the effects of OVX. E2, but not P4, attenuated the compulsive-like behaviors in compulsive-like BIG OVX female mice. The actions of the sex steroids on anxiety-like behaviors in OVX females were strain and behavioral test dependent. Altogether, our results indicate that already existing compulsions can be worsened during acute ovarian deprivation concomitant with exacerbation of affective behaviors and responses to hormonal intervention in OVX female mice can be influenced by genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA; IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE), University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Cristiane P Bastos
- IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE), University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA; Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Katherine Bates
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Grace S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Abel Bult-Ito
- IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE), University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA; Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA
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Amarakoon I, Farenhorst A, Rose K, Claeys A, Ascef B. 17 β-estradiol mineralization in human waste products and soil in the presence and the absence of antimicrobials. J Environ Sci Health B 2016; 51:655-660. [PMID: 27327900 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1191873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroidal estrogens, such as 17 β-estradiol (E2), as well as antimicrobials such as doxycycline and norfloxacin, are excreted by humans and hence detected in sewage sludge and biosolid. The disposal of human waste products on agricultural land results in estrogens and antibiotics being detected as mixtures in soils. The objective of this study was to examine microbial respiration and E2 mineralization in sewage sludge, biosolid, and soil in the presence and the absence of doxycycline and norfloxacin. The antimicrobials were applied to the media either alone or in combination at total rates of 4 and 40 mg kg-1, with the 4 mg kg-1 rate being an environmentally relevant concentration. The calculated time that half of the applied E2 was mineralized ranged from 294 to 418 days in sewage sludge, from 721 to 869 days in soil, and from 2,258 to 14,146 days in biosolid. E2 mineralization followed first-order and the presence of antimicrobials had no significant effect on mineralization half-lives, except for some antimicrobial applications to the human waste products. At 189 day, total E2 mineralization was significantly greater in sewage sludge (38 ±0.7%) > soil (23 ±0.7%) > biosolid (3 ±0.7%), while total respiration was significantly greater in biosolid (1,258 mg CO2) > sewage sludge (253 mg CO2) ≥ soil (131 mg CO2). Strong sorption of E2 to the organic fraction in biosolid may have resulted in reduced E2 mineralization despite the high microbial activity in this media. Total E2 mineralization at 189 day was not significantly influenced by the presence of doxycycline and/or norfloxacin in the media. Antimicrobial additions also did not significantly influence total respiration in media, except that total CO2 respiration at 189 day was significantly greater for biosolid with 40 mg kg-1 doxycycline added, relative to biosolid without antimicrobials. We conclude that it is unlikely for doxycycline and norfloxacin, or their mixtures, to have a significant effect on E2 mineralization in human waste products and soil. However, the potential for E2 to be persistent in biosolids, with and without the presence of antimicrobials, is posing a challenge for biosolid disposal to agricultural lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoka Amarakoon
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Annemieke Farenhorst
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Karin Rose
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Anne Claeys
- b Department of Biology , Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Perpignan , Perpignan, Pyrénées Orientales , France
| | - Bruna Ascef
- c Department of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Adibnia E, Razi M, Malekinejad H. Zearalenone and 17 β-estradiol induced damages in male rats reproduction potential; evidence for ERα and ERβ receptors expression and steroidogenesis. Toxicon 2016; 120:133-46. [PMID: 27527272 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs)-dependent effects of Zearalenone (ZEA) on structure and function of the testis as well as sperm parameters were compared with 17-β estradiol as endogenous substance. For this purpose, 30 mature male rats were assigned into five groups as; control (appropriate volume of normal saline, i. p.), ZEA-received (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, b. w., i. p.) and 17 β-estradiol (E2)-received (appropriate dose of 0.1 mg/kg, i. p.). Following 28 days, the mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the testis and sperms and the expression of them at protein levels in testicles were estimated. Mitochondrial content of germinal epithelium, Leydig cells steroid foci, sperm quality parameters and serum level of testosterone were assessed. Fluorescent techniques were used for analyzing apoptosis and mRNA damage in necrotic cells. ZEA reduced the mRNA and protein levels of ERα in testicles while up-regulated the ERβ expression. The mRNA level of ERα decreased in sperms of ZEA and E2-received animals. No remarkable changes were found for ERβ expression in sperms from ZEA and E2-received animals. ZEA reduced the Leydig cells steroidogenesis, mitochondrial content of germinal cells and elevated cellular apoptosis and necrosis dose-dependently. E2 reduced the testosterone concentration, enhanced the apoptosis and reduced sperm quality. Our data suggest that ZEA-induced detrimental effects in the structure and function of testis, may attribute to changing the ERs expression at mRNA and translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Adibnia
- Department of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Niada S, Giannasi C, Ferreira LM, Milani A, Arrigoni E, Brini AT. 17β-estradiol differently affects osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Differentiation 2016; 92:291-7. [PMID: 27087652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived and bone marrow stem/stromal cells (ASCs and BMSCs) have been often compared for their application in regenerative medicine, and several factors sustaining their differentiation and efficacy have been investigated. 17 β-estradiol (E2) has been reported to influence some functions of progenitor cells. Here we studied the effects of 10 and 100nM E2 on ASC and BMSC vitality, proliferation and differentiation towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. E2 did not modulate ASC and BMSC vitality and growth rate, while the hormone produced a pro-adipogenic effect on both mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). In particular, the synergy between 7-day pre-treatment and 100nM E2 led to the most evident result, increasing lipid vacuoles formation in ASCs and BMSCs of +44% and +82%, respectively. Despite the fact that E2 did not alter collagen deposition of osteo-induced MSCs, we observed a different modulation of ASC and BMSC alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Indeed, this osteogenic marker was always enhanced by 17 β-estradiol in BMSCs, and 7-day pre-treatment with 100nM E2 increased it of about 70%. In contrast, E2 weakened ASC osteogenic potential, reducing their ALP activity of about 20%, with the most evident effect on ASCs isolated from pre-menopausal women (-30%). Finally, we identified an estrogen receptor α (ERα) variant of about 37kDa expressed in both MSCs. Interestingly, adipogenic stimuli drastically reduced its expression, while osteogenic ones mildly increased this isoform in BMSCs only. In conclusion, E2 positively affected the adipogenic process of both MSCs while it favored osteogenic induction in BMSCs only, and both mesenchymal progenitors expressed a novel 37kDa ER-α variant whose expression was modulated during differentiation.
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Ciriello J, Caverson MM. Effect of estrogen on vagal afferent projections to the brainstem in the female. Brain Res 2016; 1636:21-42. [PMID: 26835561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 17β-estradiol (E) on the distribution and density of brainstem projections of small or large diameter primary vagal afferents were investigated in Wistar rats using transganglionic transport of wheat germ agglutinin- (WGA; preferentially transported by non-myelinated afferent C-fibers; 2%), or cholera toxin B-subunit- (CTB, 5%; preferentially transported by large myelinated afferent A-fibers) conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in combination with the tetramethylbenzidine method in age matched ovariectomized (OVX) only or OVX and treated with E (OVX+E; 30 pg/ml plasma) females for 12 weeks. Additionally, these projections were compared to aged matched males. Unilateral microinjection of WGA-HRP into the nodose ganglion resulted in dense anterograde labeling bilaterally, with an ipsilateral predominance in several subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and in area postrema that was greatest in OVX+E animals compared to OVX only and males. Moderately dense anterograde labeling was also observed in paratrigeminal nucleus (PAT) of the OVX+E animals. CTB-HRP produced less dense anterograde labeling in the NTS complex, but had a wider distribution within the brainstem including the area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, PAT, the nucleus ambiguus complex and ventrolateral medulla in all groups. The distribution of CTB-HRP anterograde labeling was densest in OVX+E, less dense in OVX only females and least dense in male rats. Little, if any, labeling was found within PAT in males using either WGA-or CTB-HRP. Taken together, these data suggest that small, non-myelinated (WGA-labeled) and large myelinated (CTB-labeled) diameter vagal afferents projecting to brainstem autonomic areas are differentially affected by circulating levels of estrogen. These effects of estrogen on connectivity may contribute to the sex differences observed in central autonomic mechanisms between gender, and in females with and without estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ciriello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1 Canada.
| | - Monica M Caverson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1 Canada
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Zhang Z, Li H, Manjanatha MG, Chen T, Mei N. Neonatal exposure of 17β-estradiol has no effects on mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene in reproductive tissues of adult mice. Genes Environ 2015; 37:16. [PMID: 27350812 PMCID: PMC4918036 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-015-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological studies in animals and epidemiological findings in humans clearly demonstrate that estrogens including 17β-estradiol (E2) are weak carcinogens via both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Carcinogenesis analyses have indicated that female mice exposed to E2 as neonates develop more mammary and ovarian tumors when compared to adult exposures. In the present study, Big Blue transgenic mice were used to investigate the effects of E2 on mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA), a genotoxic carcinogen, in mammary gland and ovary following neonatal exposure. RESULTS DMBA treatment resulted in significant increases in cII mutant frequencies (MFs) in both mammary glands and ovaries, with A:T → T:A transversion as the predominant type of mutation. However, co-exposure to E2 daily for the first 5 days after birth and to DMBA at 6 months of age did not significantly increase cII MFs compared to DMBA treatment alone. Further, there were also no significant differences in mutational spectra between DMBA exposure alone and E2 + DMBA treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that early life exposures of mice to estrogens like E2 do not enhance mutagenicity by subsequent exposure to a chemical like DMBA in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhong Zhang
- />Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
- />Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Haifang Li
- />Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
- />Xinjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830004 China
| | - Mugimane G. Manjanatha
- />Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Tao Chen
- />Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Nan Mei
- />Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
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Verma SK, Alim A. Ultimobranchial gland respond in a different way in male and female fresh water teleost Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) during reproductive cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 156:111-7. [PMID: 25818521 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to analyze the differences in the activity of ultimobranchial gland (UBG) between male and female fresh water teleost Mastacembelus armatus during reproductive cycle. Considerable variations in the nuclear diameter of UBG cells and plasma calcitonin (CT) levels during different reproductive phases of testicular and ovarian cycle suggested that the activity of the UBG depends upon the sexual maturity of fishes. A positive correlation was observed between plasma CT and sex steroid levels and the gonadosomatic index in both sexes which further confirmed the involvement of UBG in the processes related to gonadal development in fishes irrespective of the sex. Sudden increase in the level of plasma CT and nuclear diameter of UBG cells after administration of 17 α-methyltestosterone in males and 17 β-estradiol in females during resting phase of the reproductive cycle clearly showed that UBG becomes hyperactive with increases in the level of sex steroids. Plasma calcium level was also found to be positively correlated with gonadal maturation in females. However no such change in plasma calcium level in relation to testicular cycle was observed. Thus it can be concluded that UBG becomes hyperactive during gonadal maturation but its role differs between male and female fishes. In females it may involved in both gonadal maturation and plasma calcium regulation while in males its involvement in calcium regulation was not justified. Variations in the level of CT during various phases of testicular cycle evidenced its involvement in gonadal maturation only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Alim
- Co-operative College (Ranchi University), Jharkhand, India
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17
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a crippling neurodegenerative disorder. It is more common in females after menopause. Estrogen probably has a protective role in cognitive decline. Large amount of research has been carried out to see the benefits of hormone replacement therapy with regards to Alzheimer still its neuroprotective effect is not established. Recent studies suggest a reduced risk of AD and improved cognitive functioning of post-menopausal women who used 17 β-estradiol in the critical period. Use of 17 β-estradiol in young and healthy post-menopausal women yields the maximum benefit when the neurons are intact or neuronal stress has just started. Hence intervention in the critical period is key in the prevention or delay of AD in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer Jamshed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Fouzia Firdaus Ozair
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meera Ekka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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18
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Abstract
Natural steroid estrogens (e.g., 17 β-estradiol, E2), synthetic steroid estrogens (e.g., 17 α-ethinylestradiol, EE2) and pharmaceutical antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin) are chemicals detected in biosolids and sewage sludges because they partition into the solids fraction during the wastewater treatment process. This research utilized a three-way factorial design (six media × two estrogens × three antibiotic treatments) to quantify cumulative E2 and EE2 mineralization over 133 d (MAX) in a range of sewage sludge and biosolid samples in the presence (4 and 40 mg kg(-1)) and absence of ciprofloxacin. The same three-way factorial design was utilized to quantify the impact of the six media, E2 or EE2, and ciprofloxacin on cumulative soil respiration over 133 d (RESP). Minimal ciprofloxacin mineralization was observed (<0.05% over 133 d), but despite its persistence, ciprofloxacin had no significant effect on MAX of E2 or EE2, and, in general, no significant effect on RESP. MAX ranged from 38.38% to 48.44% for E2 but from only 0.72% to 24.27% for EE2 although RESP was relatively similar, ranging from 101.00 to 866.54 mg CO2 in the presence of E2 and from 69.55 to 893.95 mg CO2 in the presence of EE2. The sorption-limited bioavailability of EE2, which is inherently resistant to biodegradation due to chemical structure, as MAX and Freundlich sorption coefficients (Kf) were negatively correlated. As such, the Kf values of EE2 were largest in composted biosolids in which EE2 was particularly resistant to microbial degradation as the MAX of EE2 was <3%. In contrast, the MAX of E2 showed a positive association with the Kf values of E2 because some steps in the E2 transformation process have been found to occur in the sorbed phase. The MAX of E2 was significantly greater in the biosolid and composted biosolid media than in any other media, whereas the MAX of E2 decreased in the following order: secondary sewage sludge > primary sewage sludge > biosolid = composted biosolid. This suggests that sewage sludges in municipal lagoons and pre-treatment holding lagoons are a more favorable media for mineralization of EE2, whereas biosolids in post-treatment storage lagoons are a more favorable media for the mineralization of E2. The presence of ciprofloxacin will have no impact on the potential E2 or EE2 mineralization rates in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin P Rose
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
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Yilmaz B, Kadioglu Y. Determination of 17 β-Estradiol in Rabbit Plasma by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:248-53. [PMID: 23439655 PMCID: PMC3574535 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method for determination of 17 β-estradiol in rabbit plasma. 17 β-estradiol and internal standard progesterone were extracted from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction method. Linearity was found between 0.25 and 20 μg/ml (r(2)=0.994) for plasma samples. Intra-day and inter-day precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation were less than 5.5%, and accuracy (relative error) was less than 3.5%. The mean recovery of 17 β-estradiol samples was 94.4%. The limits of detection and quantification of method for plasma samples were 0.10 μg/ml and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively. Also, clinically used other 10 drugs were investigated to check for potential interferences and the method was successfully applied to the determination of 17 β-estradiol in New Zealand white rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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20
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Abstract
Estrogens have multiple actions in the brain including modulating synaptic plasticity, connectivity, and cognitive behaviors. While the classical view of estrogens are as endocrine signals, whose effects manifest via the regulation of gene transcription, mounting evidence has been presented demonstrating that estrogens have rapid effects within specific areas of the brain. The emergence that 17 β-estradiol can be produced locally in the brain which can elicit rapid (within minutes) cellular responses has led to its classification as a neurosteroid. Moreover, recent studies have also begun to detail the molecular and cellular underpinnings of how 17 β-estradiol can rapidly modulate spiny synapses (dendritic spines). Remodeling of dendritic spines is a key step in the rewiring of neuronal circuitry thought to underlie the processing and storage of information in the forebrain. Conversely, abnormal remodeling of dendritic spines is thought to contribute to a number of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review recent molecular and cellular work that offers a potential mechanism of how 17 β-estradiol may modulate synapse structure and function of cortical neurons. This mechanism allows cortical neurons to respond to activity-dependent stimuli with greater efficacy. In turn this form of plasticity may provide an insight into how 17 β-estradiol can modulate the rewiring of neuronal circuits, underlying its ability to influencing cortically based behaviors. We will then go on to discuss the potential role of 17 β-estradiol modulation of neural circuits and its potential relevance for the treatment of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, The James Black Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College LondonLondon, UK
- *Correspondence: Deepak P. Srivastava, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. e-mail:
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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21
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Abstract
The effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured normal human bone marrow stromal cells were investigated. Treatment of 17 beta-estradiol at the concentration of 10(-6) approximately 10(-10) M for either 48 hours or 7 days did not affect [3H] thymidine incorporation. 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8)M) treatment for 4 or 7 days also failed to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity. Similarly, incubation with 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) for 48 hours did not increase the incorporation of [3H] proline into collagenase digestible protein and noncollagen proteins and secretion of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells. Present data indicate that 17 beta-estradiol does not have a direct effect on cultured normal human bone marrow stromal cells. With previous findings that estradiol elicits few effects on normal human osteoblasts, our results strongly suggest that estrogen does not have a direct anabolic effect on normal human osteoblast lineage. Therefore, the in vivo estrogen effects may be entirely through an antiresorptive mechanism or, if any anabolic role of estrogen is present, it must be indirect and mediated by other hormones or local factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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