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Abdal Dayem A, Lee SB, Lim KM, Kim A, Shin HJ, Vellingiri B, Kim YB, Cho SG. Bioactive peptides for boosting stem cell culture platform: Methods and applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114376. [PMID: 36764131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, short protein fragments, can emulate the functions of their full-length native counterparts. Peptides are considered potent recombinant protein alternatives due to their specificity, high stability, low production cost, and ability to be easily tailored and immobilized. Stem cell proliferation and differentiation processes are orchestrated by an intricate interaction between numerous growth factors and proteins and their target receptors and ligands. Various growth factors, functional proteins, and cellular matrix-derived peptides efficiently enhance stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and directed differentiation. For that, peptides can be immobilized on a culture plate or conjugated to scaffolds, such as hydrogels or synthetic matrices. In this review, we assess the applications of a variety of peptides in stem cell adhesion, culture, organoid assembly, proliferation, and differentiation, describing the shortcomings of recombinant proteins and their full-length counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of peptide applications in stem cell culture and materials design, as well as provide a brief outlook on future directions to advance peptide applications in boosting stem cell quality and scalability for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Basha G, Cottle AG, Pretheeban T, Chan KY, Witzigmann D, Young RN, Rossi FM, Cullis PR. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated silencing of osteogenic suppressor GNAS leads to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3034-3051. [PMID: 35733339 PMCID: PMC9481989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approved drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis can prevent further bone loss but do not stimulate bone formation. Approaches that improve bone density in metabolic diseases are needed. Therapies that take advantage of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into various osteogenic lineages to treat bone disorders are of particular interest. Here we examine the ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by silencing the negative suppressor gene GNAS in bone MSCs. Using clinically validated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) siRNA delivery systems, we show that silencing the suppressor gene GNAS in vitro in MSCs leads to molecular and phenotypic changes similar to those seen in osteoblasts. Further, we demonstrate that these LNP-siRNAs can transfect a large proportion of mice MSCs in the compact bone following intravenous injection. Transfection of MSCs in various animal models led to silencing of GNAS and enhanced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. These data demonstrate the potential for LNP delivery of siRNA to enhance the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, and suggests that they are a promising approach for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Andrew G Cottle
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Thavaneetharajah Pretheeban
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Yt Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert N Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabio Mv Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Poorna MR, Jayakumar R, Chen JP, Mony U. Hydrogels: A potential platform for induced pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:111991. [PMID: 34333302 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used to generate desired types of cells that belong to the three germ layers (i.e., ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). These cells possess great potential in regenerative medicine. Before iPSCs are used in various biomedical applications, the existing xenogeneic culture methods must be improved to meet the technical standards of safety, cost effectiveness, and ease of handling. In addition to commonly used 2D substrates, a culture system that mimics the native cellular environment in tissues will be a good choice when culturing iPS cells and differentiating them into different lineages. Hydrogels are potential candidates that recapitulate the native complex three-dimensional microenvironment. They possess mechanical properties similar to those of many soft tissues. Moreover, hydrogels support iPSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation to various cell types. They are xeno-free and cost-effective. In addition to other substrates, such as mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF), Matrigel, and vitronectin, the use of hydrogel-based substrates for iPSC culture and differentiation may help generate large numbers of clinical-grade cells that can be used in potential clinical applications. This review mainly focuses on the use of hydrogels for the culture and differentiation of iPSCs into various cell types and their potential applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Poorna
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
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Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Scaffolds for Beta Pancreatic Cell Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142372. [PMID: 34301129 PMCID: PMC8309518 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan scaffolds based on blending polymers are a common strategy used in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was evaluation the properties of scaffolds based on a ternary blend of chitosan (Chi), gelatin (Ge), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Chi/Ge/PVA), which were prepared by cycles of freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. It then was used for three-dimensional BRIN-BD11 beta-cells culturing. Weight ratios of Chi/Ge/PVA (1:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1, and 3:2:1) were proposed and porosity, pore size, degradation, swelling rate, compressive strength, and cell viability analyzed. All ternary blend scaffolds structures are highly porous (with a porosity higher than 80%) and interconnected. The pore size distribution varied from 0.6 to 265 μm. Ternary blends scaffolds had controllable degradation rates compared to binary blend scaffolds, and an improved swelling capacity of the samples with increasing chitosan concentration was found. An increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength was observed with increasing gelatin concentration. The highest compressive strength reached 101.6 Pa. The MTT assay showed that the ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 supported cell viability better than the binary blend scaffold. Therefore, these results illustrated that ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 could provide a better environment for BRIN-BD11 cell proliferation.
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin M, Cheng W, Wang W, Cao Y. Understanding and Regulating Cell-Matrix Interactions Using Hydrogels of Designable Mechanical Properties. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:149-168. [PMID: 33785089 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Similar to natural tissues, hydrogels contain abundant water, so they are considered as promising biomaterials for studying the influence of the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECM) on various cell functions. In recent years, the growing research on cellular mechanical response has revealed that many cell functions, including cell spreading, migration, tumorigenesis and differentiation, are related to the mechanical properties of ECM. Therefore, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment has gained considerable attention. In these studies, hydrogels are widely used as the in vitro model system. Hydrogels of tunable stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, plasticity, and dynamical properties have been engineered to reveal how cells respond to specific mechanical features. In this review, we summarize recent process in this research direction and specifically focus on the influence of the mechanical properties of the ECM on cell functions, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment, and approaches to adjusting the stiffness of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Oral Implantology Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Chen S, Su X, Liu J, Shi Y, Wu M, Xu M, Zhang F, Tang M. [Regulatory effect of CCN3 on proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and its mechanism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:79-86. [PMID: 33509757 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of NOV/CCN3 in regulating the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its regulatory mechanism and assess the value of CCN3 as a proliferative factor in bone tissue engineering. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used as the MSC model, in which CCN3 expression was up-regulated and downregulated by transfection with the recombinant adenovirus vectors Ad-CCN3 and Ad-siCCN3, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis of the transfected cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the proliferation indicators (PCNA, cyclin E, and cyclin B1) and the apoptosis indicators (Bax and Bcl-2) to assess the effect of modulation of CCN3 expression on MEF proliferation and apoptosis. CCN3 protein secretion by the cells was detected using ELISA. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were employed to analyze the changes in the expressions of Notch1, ligand DLL1, the downstream key proteins or genes (Hey1, P300, H3K9) and MAPK pathway-related proteins ERK1+2 and p-ERK1+2. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that compared with the control cells, MEFs transfected with Ad-CCN3 exhibited significantly increased cell proliferation index (P < 0.01) and lowered cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) with obviously enhanced expressions of PCNA, cyclin E and Bcl-2 proteins (P < 0.05). The results of RT-qPCR and Western blotting demonstrated that CCN3 overexpression significantly promoted the expression of Notch1 in the Notch signaling pathway (P < 0.001), inhibited the expressions of DLL1, Hey1, P300, and H3K9 (P < 0.05), and increased the protein expressions of ERK1+2 and P-ERk1+2 in the MAPK pathway (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CCN3 over-expression promotes the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of MEFs possibly by inhibiting the classical Notch signaling pathway and activating the MAPK pathway via binding to Notch1, suggesting the potential value of CCN3 as a proliferative factor of MSCs in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Tang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
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Ding X, Zhao H, Li Y, Lee AL, Li Z, Fu M, Li C, Yang YY, Yuan P. Synthetic peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:78-104. [PMID: 33091503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of tissues and organs poses an immense challenge due to the extreme complexity in the research work involved. Despite the tissue engineering approach being considered as a promising strategy for more than two decades, a key issue impeding its progress is the lack of ideal scaffold materials. Nature-inspired synthetic peptide hydrogels are inherently biocompatible, and its high resemblance to extracellular matrix makes peptide hydrogels suitable 3D scaffold materials. This review covers the important aspects of peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds, including mechanical properties, biodegradability and bioactivity, and the current approaches in creating matrices with optimized features. Many of these scaffolds contain peptide sequences that are widely reported for tissue repair and regeneration and these peptide sequences will also be discussed. Furthermore, 3D biofabrication strategies of synthetic peptide hydrogels and the recent advances of peptide hydrogels in tissue engineering will also be described to reflect the current trend in the field. In the final section, we will present the future outlook in the design and development of peptide-based hydrogels for translational tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ashlynn Lingzhi Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Zongshao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mengjing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chengnan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Song H, Cai GH, Liang J, Ao DS, Wang H, Yang ZH. Three-dimensional culture and clinical drug responses of a highly metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cells in nanofibrous microenvironments of three hydrogel biomaterials. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:90. [PMID: 32527266 PMCID: PMC7291456 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive malignant disease in gynecologic cancer. It is an urgent task to develop three-dimensional (3D) cell models in vitro and dissect the cell progression-related drug resistance mechanisms in vivo. In the present study, RADA16-I peptide has the reticulated nanofiber scaffold networks in hydrogel, which is utilized to develop robust 3D cell culture of a high metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cell line accompanied with the counterparts of Matrigel and collagen I. Results Consequently, HO-8910PM cells were successfully cultivated in three types of hydrogel biomaterials, such as RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, according to 3D cell culture protocols. Designer RADA16-I peptide had well-defined nanofiber networks architecture in hydrogel, which provided nanofiber cell microenvironments analogous to Matrigel and collagen I. 3D-cultured HO-8910PM cells in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I showed viable cell proliferation, proper cell growth, and diverse cell shapes in morphology at the desired time points. For a long 3D cell culture period, HO-8910PM cells showed distinct cell aggregate growth patterns in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, such as cell aggregates, cell colonies, cell clusters, cell strips, and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). The cell distribution and alignment were described vigorously. Moreover, the molecular expression of integrin β1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were quantitatively analyzed in 3D-cultured MCTS of HO-8910PM cells by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. The chemosensitivity assay for clinical drug responses in 3D context indicated that HO-8910PM cells in three types of hydrogels showed significantly higher chemoresistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel compared to 2D flat cell culture, including IC50 values and inhibition rates. Conclusion Based on these results, RADA16-I hydrogel is a highly competent, high-profile, and proactive nanofiber scaffold to maintain viable cell proliferation and high cell vitality in 3D cell models, which may be particularly utilized to develop useful clinical drug screening platform in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Guo-Hui Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, ABA Normal University, Shuimo Town, Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, 623002, China
| | - Di-Shu Ao
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Ze-Hong Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Betriu N, Jarrosson-Moral C, Semino CE. Culture and Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in a Soft 3D Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffold. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050684. [PMID: 32354097 PMCID: PMC7277435 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) are a specialized cell population located in the bulge of the hair follicle with unique characteristics such as aggregative behavior and the ability to induce new hair follicle formation. However, when expanded in conventional 2D monolayer culture, their hair inductive potency is rapidly lost. Different 3D culture techniques, including cell spheroid formation, have been described to restore, at least partially, their original phenotype, and therefore, their hair inductive ability once transplanted into a recipient skin. Moreover, hair follicle dermal papilla cells have been shown to differentiate into all mesenchymal lineages, but their differentiation potential has only been tested in 2D cultures. In the present work, we have cultured HFDPC in the 3D self-assembling peptide scaffold RAD16-I to test two different tissue engineering scenarios: restoration of HFDPC original phenotype after cell expansion and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Experimental results showed that the 3D environment provided by RAD16-I allowed the restoration of HFDPC signature markers such as alkaline phosphatase, versican and corin. Moreover, RAD16-I supported, in the presence of chemical inductors, three-dimensional osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Altogether, this study suggests a potential 3D culture platform based on RAD16-I suitable for the culture, original phenotype recovery and differentiation of HFDPC.
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Tran KA, Partyka PP, Jin Y, Bouyer J, Fischer I, Galie PA. Vascularization of self-assembled peptide scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:76-84. [PMID: 31904559 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) following spinal cord injury contributes to inflammation and glial scarring that inhibits axon growth and diminishes the effectiveness of conduits transplanted to the injury site to promote this growth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether scaffolds containing microvessels that exhibit BSCB integrity reduce inflammation and scar formation at the injury site and lead to increased axon growth. For these studies, a self-assembling peptide scaffold, RADA-16I, is used due to its established permissiveness to axon growth and ability to support vascularization. Immunocytochemistry and permeability transport assays verify the formation of tight-junction containing microvessels within the scaffold. Peptide scaffolds seeded with different concentrations of microvascular cells are then injected into a spinal contusion injury in rats to evaluate how microvessels affect axon growth and neurovascular interaction. The effect of the vascularized scaffold on inflammation and scar formation is evaluated by quantifying histological sections stained with ED-1 and GFAP, respectively. Our results indicate that the peptide scaffolds containing microvessels reduce inflammation and glial scar formation and increase the density of axons growing into the injury/transplant site. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of scaffold vascularization to treat spinal cord injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study evaluates the benefit of transplanting microvascular cells within a self-assembling peptide scaffold, RADA-16I, that has shown promise for facilitating regeneration in the central nervous system in previous studies. Our results indicate that vasculature featuring tight junctions that give rise to the blood-spinal cord barrier can be formed within the peptide scaffold both in vitro and in a rat model of a subacute contusion spinal cord injury. Histological analysis indicates that the presence of the microvessels encourages axon infiltration into the site of injury and reduces the area of astrocyte activation and inflammation. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of vascularizing scaffolds for the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Stanley A, Heo SJ, Mauck RL, Mourkioti F, Shore EM. Elevated BMP and Mechanical Signaling Through YAP1/RhoA Poises FOP Mesenchymal Progenitors for Osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1894-1909. [PMID: 31107558 PMCID: PMC7209824 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by the formation of extraskeletal bone, or heterotopic ossification (HO), in soft connective tissues such as skeletal muscle. All familial and sporadic cases with a classic clinical presentation of FOP carry a gain-of-function mutation (R206H; c.617 G > A) in ACVR1, a cell surface receptor that mediates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The BMP signaling pathway is recognized for its chondro/osteogenic-induction potential, and HO in FOP patients forms ectopic but qualitatively normal endochondral bone tissue through misdirected cell fate decisions by tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells. In addition to biochemical ligand-receptor signaling, mechanical cues from the physical environment are transduced to activate intracellular signaling, a process known as mechanotransduction, and can influence cell fates. Utilizing an established mesenchymal stem cell model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the Acvr1R206H/+ mouse model that mimics the human disease, we demonstrated that activation of the mechanotransductive effectors Rho/ROCK and YAP1 are increased in Acvr1R206H/+ cells. We show that on softer substrates, a condition associated with low mechanical signaling, the morphology of Acvr1R206H/+ cells is similar to the morphology of control Acvr1+/+ cells on stiffer substrates, a condition that activates mechanotransduction. We further determined that Acvr1R206H/+ cells are poised for osteogenic differentiation, expressing increased levels of chondro/osteogenic markers compared with Acvr1+/+ cells. We also identified increased YAP1 nuclear localization in Acvr1R206H/+ cells, which can be rescued by either BMP inhibition or Rho antagonism. Our results establish RhoA and YAP1 signaling as modulators of mechanotransduction in FOP and suggest that aberrant mechanical signals, combined with and as a result of the increased BMP pathway signaling through mutant ACVR1, lead to misinterpretation of the cellular microenvironment and a heightened sensitivity to mechanical stimuli that promotes commitment of Acvr1R206H/+ progenitor cells to chondro/osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Su-jin Heo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eileen M. Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Design of a biodegradable UV-irradiated gelatin-chitosan/nanocomposed membrane with osteogenic ability for application in bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:875-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Mierke CT. The matrix environmental and cell mechanical properties regulate cell migration and contribute to the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:064602. [PMID: 30947151 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or even structural domains determining the overall properties of a cell such as the mechanical phenotype. The mechanical interaction of these living cells leads to the complex organization such as compartments, tissues and organs of organisms including mammals. In contrast to passive non-living materials, living cells actively respond to the mechanical perturbations occurring in their microenvironment during diseases such as fibrosis and cancer. The transformation of single cancer cells in highly aggressive and hence malignant cancer cells during malignant cancer progression encompasses the basement membrane crossing, the invasion of connective tissue, the stroma microenvironments and transbarrier migration, which all require the immediate interaction of the aggressive and invasive cancer cells with the surrounding extracellular matrix environment including normal embedded neighboring cells. All these steps of the metastatic pathway seem to involve mechanical interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. The pathology of cancer due to a broad heterogeneity of cancer types is still not fully understood. Hence it is necessary to reveal the signaling pathways such as mechanotransduction pathways that seem to be commonly involved in the development and establishment of the metastatic and mechanical phenotype in several carcinoma cells. We still do not know whether there exist distinct metastatic genes regulating the progression of tumors. These metastatic genes may then be activated either during the progression of cancer by themselves on their migration path or in earlier stages of oncogenesis through activated oncogenes or inactivated tumor suppressor genes, both of which promote the metastatic phenotype. In more detail, the adhesion of cancer cells to their surrounding stroma induces the generation of intracellular contraction forces that deform their microenvironments by alignment of fibers. The amplitude of these forces can adapt to the mechanical properties of the microenvironment. Moreover, the adhesion strength of cancer cells seems to determine whether a cancer cell is able to migrate through connective tissue or across barriers such as the basement membrane or endothelial cell linings of blood or lymph vessels in order to metastasize. In turn, exposure of adherent cancer cells to physical forces, such as shear flow in vessels or compression forces around tumors, reinforces cell adhesion, regulates cell contractility and restructures the ordering of the local stroma matrix that leads subsequently to secretion of crosslinking proteins or matrix degrading enzymes. Hence invasive cancer cells alter the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. From a mechanobiological point-of-view, the recognized physical signals are transduced into biochemical signaling events that guide cellular responses such as cancer progression after the malignant transition of cancer cells from an epithelial and non-motile phenotype to a mesenchymal and motile (invasive) phenotype providing cellular motility. This transition can also be described as the physical attempt to relate this cancer cell transitional behavior to a T1 phase transition such as the jamming to unjamming transition. During the invasion of cancer cells, cell adaptation occurs to mechanical alterations of the local stroma, such as enhanced stroma upon fibrosis, and therefore we need to uncover underlying mechano-coupling and mechano-regulating functional processes that reinforce the invasion of cancer cells. Moreover, these mechanisms may also be responsible for the awakening of dormant residual cancer cells within the microenvironment. Physicists were initially tempted to consider the steps of the cancer metastasis cascade as single events caused by a single mechanical alteration of the overall properties of the cancer cell. However, this general and simple view has been challenged by the finding that several mechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment influence each other and continuously contribute to tumor growth and cancer progression. In addition, basement membrane crossing, cell invasion and transbarrier migration during cancer progression is explained in physical terms by applying physical principles on living cells regardless of their complexity and individual differences of cancer types. As a novel approach, the impact of the individual microenvironment surrounding cancer cells is also included. Moreover, new theories and models are still needed to understand why certain cancers are malignant and aggressive, while others stay still benign. However, due to the broad variety of cancer types, there may be various pathways solely suitable for specific cancer types and distinct steps in the process of cancer progression. In this review, physical concepts and hypotheses of cancer initiation and progression including cancer cell basement membrane crossing, invasion and transbarrier migration are presented and discussed from a biophysical point-of-view. In addition, the crosstalk between cancer cells and a chronically altered microenvironment, such as fibrosis, is discussed including the basic physical concepts of fibrosis and the cellular responses to mechanical stress caused by the mechanically altered microenvironment. Here, is highlighted how biophysical approaches, both experimentally and theoretically, have an impact on classical hallmarks of cancer and fibrosis and how they contribute to the understanding of the regulation of cancer and its progression by sensing and responding to the physical environmental properties through mechanotransduction processes. Finally, this review discusses various physical models of cell migration such as blebbing, nuclear piston, protrusive force and unjamming transition migration modes and how they contribute to cancer progression. Moreover, these cellular migration modes are influenced by microenvironmental perturbances such as fibrosis that can induce mechanical alterations in cancer cells, which in turn may impact the environment. Hence, the classical hallmarks of cancer need to be refined by including biomechanical properties of cells, cell clusters and tissues and their microenvironment to understand mechano-regulatory processes within cancer cells and the entire organism.
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Willerth SM, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Combining Stem Cells and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Constructing Tissues and Cell Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/stj-180001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combining stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds serves as a promising strategy for engineering tissues for both in vitro and in vivo applications. This updated review details commonly used biomaterial scaffolds for engineering tissues from stem cells. We first define the different types of stem cells and their relevant properties and commonly used scaffold formulations. Next, we discuss natural and synthetic scaffold materials typically used when engineering tissues, along with their associated advantages and drawbacks and gives examples of target applications. New approaches to engineering tissues, such as 3D bioprinting, are described as they provide exciting opportunities for future work along with current challenges that must be addressed. Thus, this review provides an overview of the available biomaterials for directing stem cell differentiation as a means of producing replacements for diseased or damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, VIC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, VIC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Su X, Wei Y, Cao J, Wu X, Mou D, Luo J, Li A, Zuo GW, Tang M. CCN3 and DLL1 co-regulate osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a Hey1-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1188. [PMID: 30538222 PMCID: PMC6289993 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways to regulate intercellular signal transduction and is crucial in the regulation of bone regeneration. Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV or CCN3) serves as a non-canonical secreted ligand of Notch signaling pathway and its role in the process of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was undefined. Here we conducted a comprehensive study on this issue. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that CCN3 significantly inhibited the early and late osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the expression of osteogenesis-related factors, and the subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis of MEFs in nude mice. In mechanism studies, we found that CCN3 significantly inhibited the expression of BMP9 and the activation of BMP/Smad and BMP/MAPK signaling pathways. There was also a mutual inhibition between CCN3 and DLL1, one of the classic membrane protein ligands of Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, we further found that Hey1, the target gene shared by BMP and Notch signaling pathways, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CCN3 on osteoblastic differentiation of MEFs. In summary, our findings suggested that CCN3 significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of MEFs. The inhibitory effect of CCN3 was mainly through the inhibition of BMP signaling and the mutual inhibition with DLL1, so as to inhibit the expression of Hey1, the target gene shared by BMP and Notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalin Wei
- Xi'an No.4 Hospital, 710004, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, 710082, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Army Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiyong Mou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710100, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Haupt J, Stanley A, McLeod CM, Cosgrove BD, Culbert AL, Wang L, Mourkioti F, Mauck RL, Shore EM. ACVR1 R206H FOP mutation alters mechanosensing and tissue stiffness during heterotopic ossification. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:17-29. [PMID: 30379592 PMCID: PMC6337906 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An activating bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1 (ACVR1R206H) mutation enhances BMP pathway signaling and causes the rare genetic disorder of heterotopic (extraskeletal) bone formation fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Heterotopic ossification frequently occurs following injury as cells aberrantly differentiate during tissue repair. Biomechanical signals from the tissue microenvironment and cellular responses to these physical cues, such as stiffness and rigidity, are important determinants of cell differentiation and are modulated by BMP signaling. We used an Acvr1R206H/+ mouse model of injury-induced heterotopic ossification to examine the fibroproliferative tissue preceding heterotopic bone and identified pathologic stiffening at this stage of repair. In response to microenvironment stiffness, in vitro assays showed that Acvr1R206H/+ cells inappropriately sense their environment, responding to soft substrates with a spread morphology similar to wild-type cells on stiff substrates and to cells undergoing osteoblastogenesis. Increased activation of RhoA and its downstream effectors demonstrated increased mechanosignaling. Nuclear localization of the pro-osteoblastic factor RUNX2 on soft and stiff substrates suggests a predisposition to this cell fate. Our data support that increased BMP signaling in Acvr1R206H/+ cells alters the tissue microenvironment and results in misinterpretation of the tissue microenvironment through altered sensitivity to mechanical stimuli that lowers the threshold for commitment to chondro/osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haupt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Claire M McLeod
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brian D Cosgrove
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andria L Culbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Linda Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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17
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Genistein Loaded Nanofibers Protect Spinal Cord Tissue Following Experimental Injury in Rats. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040096. [PMID: 30287760 PMCID: PMC6316236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative drug-delivery systems offer a unique approach to effectively provide therapeutic drug dose over the needed time to achieve better tissue protection and enhanced recovery. The hypothesis of the current study was to test the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of genistein and nanofibers on the spinal cord tissue following experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats were treated post SCI with genistein that is loaded on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) nanofibers as an implantable drug-delivery system. SCI caused marked oxidative damage and inflammation, as is evident by the reduction in the super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in injured spinal cord tissue, as well as the significant increase in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Treatment of rats post SCI with genistein and CS/PVA nanofibers improved most of the above-mentioned biochemical parameters and shifted them toward the control group values. Genistein induced an increase in the activity of SOD and the level of IL-10, while causing a decrease in NO, MDA, and TNF-α in injured spinal cord tissue. Genistein and CS/PVA nanofibers provide a novel combination for treating inflammatory nervous tissue conditions, especially when combined as an implantable drug-delivery system.
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18
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Betriu N, Recha-Sancho L, Semino CE. Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985312 PMCID: PMC6101701 DOI: 10.3791/57259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an environment that closely mimics the structural features of non-polarized tissue. Furthermore, the particular intrinsic nanofiber structure of the scaffold makes it transparent to visual light, which allows for easy visualization of the sample under microscopy. This advantage was largely used to study cell migration, organization, proliferation, and differentiation and thus any development of their particular cellular function by staining with specific dyes or probes. Furthermore, in this work, we describe the good performance of this system to easily study the redifferentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes into cartilaginous tissue. Cells were encapsulated into self-assembling peptide scaffolds and cultured under specific conditions to promote chondrogenesis. Three-dimensional cultures showed good viability during the 4 weeks of the experiment. As expected, samples cultured with chondrogenic inducers (compared to non-induced controls) stained strongly positive for toluidine blue (which stains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are highly present in cartilage extracellular matrix) and expressed specific molecular markers, including collagen type I, II and X, according to Western Blot analysis. This protocol is easy to perform and can be used at research laboratories, industries and for educational purposes in laboratory courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausika Betriu
- Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University
| | - Lourdes Recha-Sancho
- Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University
| | - Carlos E Semino
- Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University; Hebe Biolab;
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19
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Cao X, Wang J, Deng W, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Du P, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang Q, Yu Q, Spector M, Yu J, Xu X. Photoluminescent Cationic Carbon Dots as efficient Non-Viral Delivery of Plasmid SOX9 and Chondrogenesis of Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7057. [PMID: 29728593 PMCID: PMC5935676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for higher gene carrier performance, a multifunctional vector could immensely simplify gene delivery for disease treatment; nevertheless, the current non- viral vectors lack self-tracking ability. Here, a type of novel, dual-functional cationic carbon dots (CDs), produced through one-step, microwave-assisted pyrolysis of arginine and glucose, have been utilized as both a self-imaging agent and a non-viral gene vector for chondrogenesis from fibroblasts. The cationic CDs could condense the model gene plasmid SOX9 (pSOX9) to form ultra-small (10–30 nm) nanoparticles which possessed several favorable properties, including high solubility, tunable fluorescence, high yield, low cytotoxicity and outstanding biocompatibility. The MTT assay indicated that CDs/pSOX9 nanoparticles had little cytotoxicity against mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) compared to Lipofectamine2000 and PEI (25 kDa). Importantly, the CDs/pSOX9 nanoparticles with tunable fluorescence not only enabled the intracellular tracking of the nanoparticles, but also could successfully deliver the pSOX9 into MEFs with significantly high efficiency. Furthermore, the CDs/pSOX9 nanoparticles-mediated transfection of MEFs showed obvious chondrogenic differentiation. Altogether, these findings demonstrated that the CDs prepared in this study could serve as a paradigmatic example of the dual-functional reagent for both self-imaging and effective non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Pan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Myron Spector
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, P.R. China.
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20
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Haupt J, Xu M, Shore EM. Variable signaling activity by FOP ACVR1 mutations. Bone 2018; 109:232-240. [PMID: 29097342 PMCID: PMC5866189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare genetic disorder of heterotopic ossification, have the same causative mutation in ACVR1, R206H. However, additional mutations within the ACVR1 BMP type I receptor have been identified in a small number of FOP cases, often in patients with disease of lesser or greater severity than occurs with R206H mutations. Genotype-phenotype correlations have been suggested in patients, resulting in classification of FOP mutations based on location within different receptor domains and structural modeling. However while each of the mutations induces increased signaling through the BMP-pSmad1/5/8 pathway, the molecular mechanisms underlying functional differences of these FOP variant receptors remained undetermined. We now demonstrate that FOP mutations within the ACVR1 receptor kinase domain are more sensitive to low levels of BMP than mutations in the ACVR1 GS domain. Our data additionally confirm responsiveness of cells with FOP ACVR1 mutations to both BMP and Activin A ligands. We also have determined that constructs with FOP ACVR1 mutations that are engineered without the ligand-binding domain retain increased BMP-pSmad1/5/8 pathway activation relative to wild-type ACVR1, supporting that the mutant receptors can function through ligand-independent mechanisms either directly through mutant ACVR1 or through indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haupt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Meiqi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Aloy-Reverté C, Moreno-Amador JL, Nacher M, Montanya E, Semino CE. Use of RGD-Functionalized Sandwich Cultures to Promote Redifferentiation of Human Pancreatic Beta Cells AfterIn VitroExpansion. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:394-406. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Aloy-Reverté
- Department of Bioengineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IQS School of Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Moreno-Amador
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Nacher
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos E. Semino
- Department of Bioengineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IQS School of Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Paine A, Woeller CF, Zhang H, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Huertas N, Xing L, Phipps RP, Ritchlin CT. Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:3174-3183. [PMID: 29401595 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701379r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thy1 (CD90), a glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein highly expressed by subsets of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, inhibits adipogenesis. The role of Thy1 on bone structure and function has been poorly studied and represents a major knowledge gap. Therefore, we analyzed the long bones of wild-type (WT) and Thy1 knockout (KO) mice with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry to compare changes in bone architecture and overall bone structure. micro-CT analysis of long bones revealed Thy1 KO and WT mice fed a high-fat diet demonstrated bone structural parameters at 4 mo that differed significantly between WT and KO mice. A significant reduction in trabecular bone volume was noted in Thy1 KO mice. The most prominent differences were observed in trabecular bone volume ratio and trabecular bone connectivity density. Consistent with micro-CT measurements, histomorphometric analysis also showed decreased bone volume in the obese Thy1 KO mice compared to obese WT mice. In vitro assays revealed that osteogenic conditions increased Thy1 expression during OB differentiation and absence of Thy1 attenuated osteoblastogenesis. Together, these findings support the concept that Thy1 serves as a major mechanistic link to regulate bone formation and negatively regulate adipogenesis.-Paine, A., Woeller, C. F., Zhang, H., Garcia-Hernandez, M. L., Huertas, N., Xing, L., Phipps, R. P., Ritchlin, C. T. Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Paine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nelson Huertas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Biomimetic Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:297-312. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Development of Useful Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering by Incorporating Nano-Copper-Zinc Alloy (nCuZn) in Chitosan/Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (Ch/G/nHAp) Scaffold. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101177. [PMID: 29039747 PMCID: PMC5666983 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic and metallic nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and biological properties of polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nano-copper-zinc alloy (nCuZn) were added to a chitosan/gelatin (Ch/G) scaffold in order to investigate the effects on morphological, physical, and biocompatibility properties. Scaffolds were fabricated by a freeze-drying technique using different pre-freezing temperatures. Microstructure and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glass transition (Tg) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cell growth was estimated by MTT assay, and biocompatibility was examined in vitro and in vivo by histochemistry analyses. Scaffolds and nanocomposite scaffolds presented interconnected pores, high porosity, and pore size appropriate for BTE. Tg of Ch/G scaffolds was diminished by nanoparticle inclusion. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cells loaded in the Ch/G/nHAp/nCuZn nanocomposite scaffold showed suitable behavior, based on cell adhesion, cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as a marker of osteogenic differentiation, and histological in vitro cross sections. In vivo subcutaneous implant showed granulation tissue formation and new tissue infiltration into the scaffold. The favorable microstructure, coupled with the ability to integrate nanoparticles into the scaffold by freeze-drying technique and the biocompatibility, indicates the potential of this new material for applications in BTE.
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25
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McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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26
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Self-Assembling RADA16-I Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold Loaded with Tamoxifen for Breast Reconstruction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3656193. [PMID: 28691024 PMCID: PMC5485292 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3656193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
More and more breast cancer patients prefer autologous fat tissue transfer following lumpectomy to maintain perfect female characteristics. However, the outcome was not satisfactory due to the transplanted fat absorption. In this study, we prepared two RADA16-I peptide scaffolds with and without tamoxifen. Both scaffolds were transparent, porous, and hemisphere-shaped. The hADSCs isolated from liposuction were attached to the scaffold. The growth inhibition of the hADSCs induced by TAM in 2-demensional (2D) culture was higher than that in TAM-loaded hydrogel scaffold 3D culture (P < 0.05); however, the same outcomes were not observed in MCF-7 cells. Correspondingly, the apoptosis of the hADSCs induced by TAM was significantly increased in 2D culture compared to that in scaffold 3D culture (P < 0.05). Yet the outcomes of the aoptosis in MCF-7 were contrary. Apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 was involved in the process. In vivo experiments showed that both scaffolds formed a round mass after subcutaneous implantation and it retained its shape after being pressed slightly. The implantation had no effect on the weight and activity of the animals. The results suggested that TAM-loaded RADA16-I hydrogel scaffolds both provide support for hADSCs cells attachment/proliferation and retain cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells, which might be a promising therapeutic breast tissue following lumpectomy.
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27
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Tissue-engineered 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironment enhances the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes by microRNAs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38815. [PMID: 27941896 PMCID: PMC5150639 DOI: 10.1038/srep38815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that a combination of microRNAs, miR combo, can directly reprogram cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts by miR combo in vivo is associated with improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction. However, the efficiency of direct reprogramming in vitro is relatively modest and new strategies beyond the traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture should be identified to improve reprogramming process. Here, we report that a tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel environment enhanced miR combo reprogramming of neonatal cardiac and tail-tip fibroblasts. This was associated with significantly increased MMPs expression in 3D vs. 2D cultured cells, while pharmacological inhibition of MMPs blocked the effect of the 3D culture on enhanced miR combo mediated reprogramming. We conclude that 3D tissue-engineered environment can enhance the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes via a MMP-dependent mechanism.
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28
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Nonaka PN, Uriarte JJ, Campillo N, Oliveira VR, Navajas D, Farré R. Lung bioengineering: physical stimuli and stem/progenitor cell biology interplay towards biofabricating a functional organ. Respir Res 2016; 17:161. [PMID: 27894293 PMCID: PMC5126992 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A current approach to obtain bioengineered lungs as a future alternative for transplantation is based on seeding stem cells on decellularized lung scaffolds. A fundamental question to be solved in this approach is how to drive stem cell differentiation onto the different lung cell phenotypes. Whereas the use of soluble factors as agents to modulate the fate of stem cells was established from an early stage of the research with this type of cells, it took longer to recognize that the physical microenvironment locally sensed by stem cells (e.g. substrate stiffness, 3D architecture, cyclic stretch, shear stress, air-liquid interface, oxygenation gradient) also contributes to their differentiation. The potential role played by physical stimuli would be particularly relevant in lung bioengineering since cells within the organ are physiologically subjected to two main stimuli required to facilitate efficient gas exchange: air ventilation and blood perfusion across the organ. The present review focuses on describing how the cell mechanical microenvironment can modulate stem cell differentiation and how these stimuli could be incorporated into lung bioreactors for optimizing organ bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Nonaka
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinicius R Oliveira
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Xu Y, Shan W, Li X, Wang B, Liu S, Wang Y, Long Y, Tie R, Wang L, Cai S, Zhang H, Lin Y, Zhang M, Zheng W, Luo Y, Yu X, Yee JK, Ji J, Huang H. A synthetic three-dimensional niche system facilitates generation of functional hematopoietic cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:102. [PMID: 27686241 PMCID: PMC5043527 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficient generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise in personalized transplantation therapies. However, the derivation of functional and transplantable HSCs from iPSCs has had very limited success thus far. Methods We developed a synthetic 3D hematopoietic niche system comprising nanofibers seeded with bone marrow (BM)-derived stromal cells and growth factors to induce functional hematopoietic cells from human iPSCs in vitro. Results Approximately 70 % of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells accompanied with CD43+ progenitor cells could be derived from this 3D induction system. Colony-forming-unit (CFU) assay showed that iPSC-derived CD34+ cells formed all types of hematopoietic colonies including CFU-GEMM. TAL-1 and MIXL1, critical transcription factors associated with hematopoietic development, were expressed during the differentiation process. Furthermore, iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells gave rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages in the recipient NOD/SCID mice after transplantation. Conclusions Our study underscores the importance of a synthetic 3D niche system for the derivation of transplantable hematopoietic cells from human iPSCs in vitro thereby establishing a foundation towards utilization of human iPSC-derived HSCs for transplantation therapies in the clinic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0326-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yebo Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yan Long
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Weiyan Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jiing-Kuan Yee
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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30
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Interaction between acrylic substrates and RAD16-I peptide in its self-assembling. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Pospišil T, Ferhatović Hamzić L, Brkić Ahmed L, Lovrić M, Gajović S, Frkanec L. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment of a novel tripeptide hydrogelator, as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1412-6. [PMID: 27508285 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a self-assembling tripeptide hydrogelator Ac-l-Phe-l-Phe-l-Ala-NH2. A series of experiments showed that the hydrogel material could serve as a stabile and biocompatible physical support as it improves the survival of HEK293T cells in vitro, thus being a promising biomaterial for use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Pospišil
- Laboratory for Supramolecular Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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32
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Deng W, Cao X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Xu W, Du P, Chen J, Gao X, Yu J, Xu X. Prolonged Three-Dimensional Co-Delivery of Yamanaka Factors for Cell Reprogramming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19916-19927. [PMID: 27428246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into a pluripotent state has been widely investigated in two-dimensional (2D) systems but not described in the more biologically faithful three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Here, we devise a 3D porous tissue engineering scaffold that could achieve successful and efficient induction of pluripotency. To construct this 3D scaffold, nonviral hybrid nanoparticles were fabricated beforehand by employing calcium phosphate and cationized Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide to codeliver plasmids OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 ,and C-MYC (pOSKM). These hybrid nanoparticles were then loaded into a 3D porous collagen scaffold to obtain the so-called pOSKM-activated 3D scaffold. This 3D scaffold could reprogram human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) into a pluripotent state, generating 3D cell spheres which showed positive expression of pluripotency markers in the 3D scaffolds and tightly packed colonies when transferred to 2D feeder layers. Besides sharing similar morphology, epigenetic modification, and expression of pluripotency genes with the embryonic stem cells, the 3D system-generated colonies could also be expanded on feeder layers for more than 20 passages, indicating the successful establishment of stable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Our findings represent a first employment of porous 3D scaffolds to achieve successful reprogramming via a one-time transfection, offering a safe, simple, and effective alternative strategy for iPSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering and School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Pan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
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Recha-Sancho L, Semino CE. Chondroitin Sulfate- and Decorin-Based Self-Assembling Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157603. [PMID: 27315119 PMCID: PMC4912132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury and degenerative tissue progression remain poorly understood by the medical community. Therefore, various tissue engineering strategies aim to recover areas of damaged cartilage by using non-traditional approaches. To this end, the use of biomimetic scaffolds for recreating the complex in vivo cartilage microenvironment has become of increasing interest in the field. In the present study, we report the development of two novel biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) with bioactive motifs, aiming to emulate the native cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). We employed a simple mixture of the self-assembling peptide RAD16-I with either Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) or Decorin molecules, taking advantage of the versatility of RAD16-I. After evaluating the structural stability of the bi-component scaffolds at a physiological pH, we characterized these materials using two different in vitro assessments: re-differentiation of human articular chondrocytes (AC) and induction of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) to a chondrogenic commitment. Interestingly, differences in cellular morphology and viability were observed between cell types and culture conditions (control and chondrogenic). In addition, both cell types underwent a chondrogenic commitment under inductive media conditions, and this did not occur under control conditions. Remarkably, the synthesis of important ECM constituents of mature cartilage, such as type II collagen and proteoglycans, was confirmed by gene and protein expression analyses and toluidine blue staining. Furthermore, the viscoelastic behavior of ADSC constructs after 4 weeks of culture was more similar to that of native articular cartilage than to that of AC constructs. Altogether, this comparative study between two cell types demonstrates the versatility of our novel biomaterials and suggests a potential 3D culture system suitable for promoting chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Recha-Sancho
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos E. Semino
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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34
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Recha-Sancho L, Moutos FT, Abellà J, Guilak F, Semino CE. Dedifferentiated Human Articular Chondrocytes Redifferentiate to a Cartilage-Like Tissue Phenotype in a Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Self-Assembling Peptide Composite Scaffold. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060472. [PMID: 28773609 PMCID: PMC5456812 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult articular cartilage has a limited capacity for growth and regeneration and, with injury, new cellular or biomaterial-based therapeutic platforms are required to promote repair. Tissue engineering aims to produce cartilage-like tissues that recreate the complex mechanical and biological properties found in vivo. In this study, a unique composite scaffold was developed by infiltrating a three-dimensional (3D) woven microfiber poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with the RAD16-I self-assembling nanofibers to obtain multi-scale functional and biomimetic tissue-engineered constructs. The scaffold was seeded with expanded dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes and cultured for four weeks in control and chondrogenic growth conditions. The composite constructs were compared to control constructs obtained by culturing cells with 3D woven PCL scaffolds or RAD16-I independently. High viability and homogeneous cell distribution were observed in all three scaffolds used during the term of the culture. Moreover, gene and protein expression profiles revealed that chondrogenic markers were favored in the presence of RAD16-I peptide (PCL/RAD composite or alone) under chondrogenic induction conditions. Further, constructs displayed positive staining for toluidine blue, indicating the presence of synthesized proteoglycans. Finally, mechanical testing showed that constructs containing the PCL scaffold maintained the initial shape and viscoelastic behavior throughout the culture period, while constructs with RAD16-I scaffold alone contracted during culture time into a stiffer and compacted structure. Altogether, these results suggest that this new composite scaffold provides important mechanical requirements for a cartilage replacement, while providing a biomimetic microenvironment to re-establish the chondrogenic phenotype of human expanded articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Recha-Sancho
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | | | - Jordi Abellà
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics Inc., Durham, NC 27705, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University and Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Carlos E Semino
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
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Recha-Sancho L, Semino CE. Heparin-based self-assembling peptide scaffold reestablish chondrogenic phenotype of expanded de-differentiated human chondrocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1694-706. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Recha-Sancho
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Bioengineering; IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University; via Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Carlos E. Semino
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Bioengineering; IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University; via Augusta 390 Barcelona 08017 Spain
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Anada T, Sato T, Kamoya T, Shiwaku Y, Tsuchiya K, Takano-Yamamoto T, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Evaluation of bioactivity of octacalcium phosphate using osteoblastic cell aggregates on a spheroid culture device. Regen Ther 2016; 3:58-62. [PMID: 31245473 PMCID: PMC6581819 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to three-dimensional cell culture systems in the field of regenerative medicine, since three-dimensional cellular aggregates, or spheroids, are thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironments compared to conventional monolayer cultured cells. Synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are widely used as bone substitute materials in orthopedic and dental surgeries. Here we have developed a technique for constructing a hybrid spheroid consisting of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and synthetic CaP materials using a spheroid culture device. We found that the device is able to generate uniform-sized CaP/cell hybrid spheroids rapidly and easily. The results showed that the extent of osteoblastic differentiation from MSCs was different when cells were grown on octacalcium phosphate (OCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). OCP showed the greatest ability to increase the alkaline phosphatase activity of the spheroid cells. The results suggest that the spheroids with incorporated OCP may be an effective implantable hybrid consisting of scaffold material and cells for bone regeneration. It is also possible that this CaP-cell spheroid system may be used as an in vitro method for assessing the osteogenic induction ability of CaP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuo Kamoya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Salazar-Noratto GE, Barry FP, Guldberg RE. Application of biomaterials to in vitro pluripotent stem cell disease modeling of the skeletal system. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3482-3489. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disease-specific pluripotent stem cells can be derived through genetic manipulation of embryonic stem cells or by reprogramming somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana E. Salazar-Noratto
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
| | - Frank P. Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Biosciences
- Dangan
- Ireland
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
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38
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Puig-Sanvicens VAC, Semino CE, Zur Nieden NI. Cardiac differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a 3D self-assembling peptide scaffold. Differentiation 2015; 90:101-10. [PMID: 26707885 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, various strategies for cardiac reparative medicine involving stem cells from multiple sources have been investigated. However, the intra-cardiac implantation of cells with contractile ability may seriously disrupt the cardiac syncytium and de-synchronize cardiac rhythm. For this reason, bioactive cardiac implants, consisting of stem cells embedded in biomaterials that act like band aids, have been exploited to repair the cardiac wall after myocardial infarction. For such bioactive implants to function properly after transplantation, the choice of biomaterial is equally important as the selection of the stem cell source. While adult stem cells have shown promising results, they have various disadvantages including low proliferative potential in vitro, which make their successful usage in human transplants difficult. As a first step towards the development of a bioactive cardiac patch, we investigate here the cardiac differentiation properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when cultured with and without ascorbic acid (AA) and when embedded in RAD16-I, a biomaterial commonly used to develop cardiac implants. In adherent cultures and in the absence of RAD16-I, AA promotes the cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs by enhancing the expression of specific cardiac genes and proteins and by increasing the number of contracting clusters. In turn, embedding in peptide hydrogel based on RAD16-I interferes with the normal cardiac differentiation progression. Embedded hiPSCs up-regulate genes associated with early cardiogenesis by up to 105 times independently of the presence of AA. However, neither connexin 43 nor troponin I proteins, which are related with mature cardiomyocytes, were detected and no contraction was noted in the constructs. Future experiments will need to focus on characterizing the mature cardiac phenotype of these cells when implanted into infarcted myocardia and assess their regenerative potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A C Puig-Sanvicens
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, United States; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos E Semino
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, United States.
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Knight E, Przyborski S. Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue-like structures to be created in vitro. J Anat 2015; 227:746-56. [PMID: 25411113 PMCID: PMC4694114 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in mammalian cell biology often relies on developing in vitro models to enable the growth of cells in the laboratory to investigate a specific biological mechanism or process under different test conditions. The quality of such models and how they represent the behavior of cells in real tissues plays a critical role in the value of the data produced and how it is used. It is particularly important to recognize how the structure of a cell influences its function and how co-culture models can be used to more closely represent the structure of real tissue. In recent years, technologies have been developed to enhance the way in which researchers can grow cells and more readily create tissue-like structures. Here we identify the limitations of culturing mammalian cells by conventional methods on two-dimensional (2D) substrates and review the popular approaches currently available that enable the development of three-dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. There are now many ways in which the growth environment for cultured cells can be altered to encourage 3D cell growth. Approaches to 3D culture can be broadly categorized into scaffold-free or scaffold-based culture systems, with scaffolds made from either natural or synthetic materials. There is no one particular solution that currently satisfies all requirements and researchers must select the appropriate method in line with their needs. Using such technology in conjunction with other modern resources in cell biology (e.g. human stem cells) will provide new opportunities to create robust human tissue mimetics for use in basic research and drug discovery. Application of such models will contribute to advancing basic research, increasing the predictive accuracy of compounds, and reducing animal usage in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Knight
- School of Biological and Biomedical ScienceDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- School of Biological and Biomedical ScienceDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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40
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Zhang Y, Gordon A, Qian W, Chen W. Engineering nanoscale stem cell niche: direct stem cell behavior at cell-matrix interface. Adv Healthc Mater 2015. [PMID: 26222885 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical cues on the extracellular matrix (ECM) have proven to be significant regulators of stem cell behavior and evolution. Understanding the interplay of these cells and their extracellular microenvironment is critical to future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, both of which require a means of controlled differentiation. Research suggests that nanotopography, which mimics the local, nanoscale, topographic cues within the stem cell niche, could be a way to achieve large-scale proliferation and control of stem cells in vitro. This Progress Report reviews the history and contemporary advancements of this technology, and pays special attention to nanotopographic fabrication methods and the effect of different nanoscale patterns on stem cell response. Finally, it outlines potential intracellular mechanisms behind this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
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41
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Kim S, Kim JH, Lee JS, Park CB. Beta-Sheet-Forming, Self-Assembled Peptide Nanomaterials towards Optical, Energy, and Healthcare Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3623-40. [PMID: 25929870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is an attractive route for the synthesis of intricate organic nanostructures that possess remarkable structural variety and biocompatibility. Recent studies on peptide-based, self-assembled materials have expanded beyond the construction of high-order architectures; they are now reporting new functional materials that have application in the emerging fields such as artificial photosynthesis and rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, there have been few reviews particularly concentrating on such versatile, emerging applications. Herein, recent advances in the synthesis of self-assembled peptide nanomaterials (e.g., cross β-sheet-based amyloid nanostructures, peptide amphiphiles) are selectively reviewed and their new applications in diverse, interdisciplinary fields are described, ranging from optics and energy storage/conversion to healthcare. The applications of peptide-based self-assembled materials in unconventional fields are also highlighted, such as photoluminescent peptide nanostructures, artificial photosynthetic peptide nanomaterials, and lithium-ion battery components. The relation of such functional materials to the rapidly progressing biomedical applications of peptide self-assembly, which include biosensors/chips and regenerative medicine, are discussed. The combination of strategies shown in these applications would further promote the discovery of novel, functional, small materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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42
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zur Nieden NI, Turgman CC, Lang X, Larsen JM, Granelli J, Hwang YJ, Lyubovitsky JG. Fluorescent hydrogels for embryoid body formation and osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10599-10605. [PMID: 25905907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate mechanics (e.g., stiffness and topography of the microenvironment) are likely critical for driving normal morphogenesis and tissue development. As such, substrate mechanics imposed by hydrogels have been exploited to guide the lineage differentiation of stem cells and to drive stemness. In this work, we chemically modified gelatin hydrogels through glyceraldehyde cross-linking to render them suitable for cell culture. The modified hydrogels proved to be ideal for embryonic stem cell osteogenesis, initially providing a soft nonadhesive surface for the formation of embryoid bodies. They subsequently degraded in culture to afford a harder surface during osteoblast differentiation. The gels synthesized are highly fluorescent, relatively easy to prepare, and can potentially aid in overcoming the challenge of imaging changes to the microenvironments of cells during three-dimensional cell culture. Exploiting these materials could lead to the development of tissue-engineered products of increased complexity and rational treatment strategies.
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Castells-Sala C, Martínez-Ramos C, Vallés-Lluch A, Monleón Pradas M, Semino C. in vitro development of bioimplants made up of elastomeric scaffolds with peptide gel filling seeded with human subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3419-30. [PMID: 25903327 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial tissue lacks the ability to regenerate itself significantly following a myocardial infarction. Thus, new strategies that could compensate this lack are of high interest. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) strategies are a relatively new approach that aims to compensate the tissue loss using combination of biomaterials, cells and bioactive molecules. The goal of the present study was to evaluate cell survival and growth, seeding capacity and cellular phenotype maintenance of subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells in a new synthetic biomaterial scaffold platform. Specifically, here we tested the effect of the RAD16-I peptide gel in microporous poly(ethyl acrylate) polymers using two-dimensional PEA films as controls. Results showed optimal cell adhesion efficiency and growth in the polymers coated with the self-assembling peptide RAD16-I. Importantly, subATDPCs seeded into microporous PEA scaffolds coated with RAD16-I maintained its phenotype and were able to migrate outwards the bioactive patch, hopefully toward the infarcted area once implanted. These data suggest that this bioimplant (scaffold/RAD16-I/cells) can be suitable for further in vivo implantation with the aim to improve the function of affected tissue after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Castells-Sala
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic De Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Valencia, Cno. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Ana Vallés-Lluch
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Valencia, Cno. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Valencia, Cno. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Carlos Semino
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic De Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Frisch J, Schmitt G, Monge-Marcet A, Lopez-Chicon P, Mata A, Semino C, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Effective and durable genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells via controlled release of rAAV vectors from self-assembling peptide hydrogels with a maintained differentiation potency. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:118-27. [PMID: 25712390 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the release of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors from biocompatible materials is a novel, attractive approach to increase the residence time and effectiveness of a gene carrier at a defined target site. Self-assembling peptides have an ability to form stable hydrogels and encapsulate cells upon exposure to physiological pH and ionic strength. Here, we examined the capacity of the peptide hydrogel RAD16-I in a pure (RAD) form or combined with hyaluronic acid (RAD-HA) to release rAAV vectors as a means to genetically modify primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a potent source of cells for regenerative medicine. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability of the systems to efficiently encapsulate and release rAAV vectors in a sustained, controlled manner for the effective transduction of hMSCs (up to 80%) without deleterious effects on cell viability (up to 100%) or on their potential for chondrogenic differentiation over time (up to 21days). The present study demonstrates that RAD16-I is an advantageous material with tunable properties to control the release of rAAV vectors as a promising tool to develop new, improved therapeutic approaches for tissue engineering in vivo.
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45
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Martínez-Ramos C, Arnal-Pastor M, Vallés-Lluch A, Pradas MM. Peptide gel in a scaffold as a composite matrix for endothelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3293-302. [PMID: 25809297 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a composite environment with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) has been studied to provide an in vitro proof of concept of their potential of being easily vascularized. These cells were seeded in 1 mm thick scaffolds whose pores had been filled with a self-assembling peptide gel, seeking to improve cell adhesion, and viability of these very sensitive cells. The combination of the synthetic elastomer poly(ethyl acrylate), PEA, scaffold and the RAD16-I peptide gel provides cells with a friendly ECM-like environment inside a mechanically resistant structure. Immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the cell cultures. The presence of the self-assembling peptide filling the pores of the scaffolds resulted in a truly 3D nanoscale context mimicking the extracellular matrix environment, and led to increased cells survival, proliferation as well as developed cell-cell contacts. The combined system consisting of PEA scaffolds and RAD16-I, is a very interesting approach as seems to enhance endothelization, which is the first milestone to achieve vascularized constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De València, C. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - María Arnal-Pastor
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De València, C. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Ana Vallés-Lluch
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De València, C. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De València, C. De Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Fernández-Muiños T, Recha-Sancho L, López-Chicón P, Castells-Sala C, Mata A, Semino CE. Bimolecular based heparin and self-assembling hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:35-48. [PMID: 25595471 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One major goal of tissue engineering is to develop new biomaterials that are similar structurally and functionally to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to mimic natural cell environments. Recently, different types of biomaterials have been developed for tissue engineering applications. Among them, self-assembling peptides are attractive candidates to create artificial cellular niches, because their nanoscale network and biomechanical properties are similar to those of the natural ECM. Here, we describe the development of a new biomaterial for tissue engineering composed by a simple combination of the self-assembling peptide RAD16-I and heparin sodium salt. As a consequence of the presence of heparin moieties the material acquired enhances the capacity of specific binding and release of growth factors (GFs) with heparin binding affinity such as VEGF165. Promising results were obtained in the vascular tissue engineering area, where the new composite material supported the development of tubular-like structures within a three dimensional (3D) culture model. Moreover, the new scaffold enhances the cell survival and chondrogenic commitment of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). Interestingly, the expression of specific markers of mature cartilage tissue including collagen type II was confirmed by western blot and real-time PCR. Furthermore, positive staining for proteoglycans (PGs) indicated the synthesis of cartilage tissue ECM components. Finally, the constructs did not mineralize and exhibited mechanical properties of a tissue undergoing chondrogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest that the new composite is a promising "easy to prepare" material for different reparative and regenerative applications.
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47
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Chen X, Hausman BS, Luo G, Zhou G, Murakami S, Rubin J, Greenfield EM. Protein kinase inhibitor γ reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by downregulating leukemia inhibitory factor. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2789-99. [PMID: 23963683 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase inhibitor (Pki) gene family inactivates nuclear protein kinase A (PKA) and terminates PKA-induced gene expression. We previously showed that Pkig is the primary family member expressed in osteoblasts and that Pkig knockdown increases the effects of parathyroid hormone and isoproterenol on PKA activation, gene expression, and inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we determined whether endogenous levels of Pkig regulate osteoblast differentiation. Pkig is the primary family member in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), murine marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Pkig deletion increased forskolin-dependent nuclear PKA activation and gene expression and Pkig deletion or knockdown increased osteoblast differentiation. PKA signaling is known to stimulate adipogenesis; however, adipogenesis and osteogenesis are often reciprocally regulated. We found that the reciprocal regulation predominates over the direct effects of PKA since adipogenesis was decreased by Pkig deletion or knockdown. Pkig deletion or knockdown also simultaneously increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in mixed osteogenic/adipogenic medium. Pkig deletion increased PKA-induced expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) mRNA and LIF protein. LIF neutralizing antibodies inhibited the effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of either Pkig deletion in MEFs or PKIγ knockdown in both murine and human mesenchymal stem cells. Collectively, our results show that endogenous levels of Pkig reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation and that this reciprocal regulation is mediated in part by LIF. Stem Cells 2013;31:2789-2799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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48
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Culbert AL, Chakkalakal SA, Theosmy EG, Brennan TA, Kaplan FS, Shore EM. Alk2 regulates early chondrogenic fate in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva heterotopic endochondral ossification. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1289-300. [PMID: 24449086 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is a critical regulator of cartilage differentiation and endochondral ossification. Gain-of-function mutations in ALK2, a type I BMP receptor, cause the debilitating disorder fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and result in progressive heterotopic (extraskeletal) endochondral ossification within soft connective tissues. Here, we used murine mesenchymal progenitor cells to investigate the contribution of Alk2 during chondrogenic differentiation and heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO). Alk2(R206H/+) (gain-of-function), Alk2(CKO) (loss-of-function), and wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts were evaluated for chondrogenic potential. Chondrogenic differentiation was accelerated in Alk2(R206H/+) cells, due in part to enhanced sensitivity to BMP ligand. In vivo, Alk2(R206H/+) cells initiated robust HEO and recruited wild-type cell contribution. Despite expression of other type I BMP receptors (Alk3 and Alk6), chondrogenesis of Alk2(CKO) cells was severely impaired by absence of Alk2 during early differentiation. Alk2 is therefore a direct regulator of cartilage formation and mediates chondrogenic commitment of progenitor cells. These data establish that at least one effect of ALK2 gain-of-function mutations in FOP patients is enhanced chondrogenic differentiation which supports formation of heterotopic endochondral bone. This establishes ALK2 as a plausible therapeutic target during early chondrogenic stages of lesion formation for preventing heterotopic bone formation in FOP and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Culbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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49
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Chen W, Shao Y, Li X, Zhao G, Fu J. Nanotopographical Surfaces for Stem Cell Fate Control: Engineering Mechanobiology from the Bottom. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:759-784. [PMID: 25883674 PMCID: PMC4394389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis and tissue maintenance and repair in an adult organism, a myriad of stem cells are regulated by their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched with tissue/organ-specific nanoscale topographical cues to adopt different fates and functions. Attributed to their capability of self-renewal and differentiation into most types of somatic cells, stem cells also hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine and drug screening. However, a major challenge remains as to achieve fate control of stem cells in vitro with high specificity and yield. Recent exciting advances in nanotechnology and materials science have enabled versatile, robust, and large-scale stem cell engineering in vitro through developments of synthetic nanotopographical surfaces mimicking topological features of stem cell niches. In addition to generating new insights for stem cell biology and embryonic development, this effort opens up unlimited opportunities for innovations in stem cell-based applications. This review is therefore to provide a summary of recent progress along this research direction, with perspectives focusing on emerging methods for generating nanotopographical surfaces and their applications in stem cell research. Furthermore, we provide a review of classical as well as emerging cellular mechano-sensing and -transduction mechanisms underlying stem cell nanotopography sensitivity and also give some hypotheses in regard to how a multitude of signaling events in cellular mechanotransduction may converge and be integrated into core pathways controlling stem cell fate in response to extracellular nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hofmann MC. Stem cells and nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:255-75. [PMID: 24683036 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into many cell types, stem cells offer the potential to be used for tissue regeneration and engineering. Much progress has recently been made in our understanding of the biology of stem cells and our ability to manipulate their proliferation and differentiation to obtain functional tissues. Similarly, nanomaterials have been recently developed that will accelerate discovery of mechanisms driving stem cell fate and their utilization in medicine. Nanoparticles have been developed that allow the labeling and tracking of stem cells and their differentiated phenotype within an organism. Nanosurfaces are engineered that mimic the extracellular matrix to which stem cells adhere and migrate. Scaffolds made of functionalized nanofibers can now be used to grow stem cells and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. However, the small scale of nanomaterials induces changes in their chemical and physical properties that might modify their interactions with cells and tissues, and render them toxic to stem cells. Therefore a thorough understanding of stem cell-nanomaterial interactions is still necessary not only to accelerate the success of medical treatments but also to ensure the safety of the tools provided by these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
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