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Peng L, Li H, Deng H, Gao T, Li R, Xu Z, Tian Q, Zhao T, Li J, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu S, Guo Q. Combination of a human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix scaffold and microfracture techniques for cartilage regeneration: A proof of concept in a sheep model. J Orthop Translat 2024; 44:72-87. [PMID: 38259590 PMCID: PMC10801125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of decellularized extracellular matrix has gained considerable attention across numerous areas in regenerative research. Of particular interest is the human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix (hACECM), which presents as a promising facilitator for cartilage regeneration. Concurrently, the microfracture (MF) technique, a well-established marrow stimulation method, has proven efficacious in the repair of cartilage defects. However, as of the current literature review, no investigations have explored the potential of a combined application of hACECM and the microfracture technique in the repair of cartilage defects within a sheep model. Hypothesis The combination of hACECM scaffold and microfracture will result in improved repair of full-thickness femoral condyle articular cartilage defects compared to the use of either technique alone. Study design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Full-thickness femoral condyle articular cartilage defect (diameter, 7.0 mm; debrided down to the subchondral bone plate) were created in the weight-bearing area of the femoral medial and lateral condyles (n = 24). All of defected sheep were randomly divided into four groups: control, microfracture, hACECM scaffold, and hACECM scaffold + microfracture. After 3, 6 and 12 months, the chondral repair was assessed for standardized (semi-) quantitative macroscopic, imaging, histological, immunohistochemical, mechanics, and biochemical analyses in each group. Result At 3, 6 and 12 months after implantation, the gross view and pathological staining of regenerative tissues were better in the hACECM scaffold and hACECM scaffold + microfracture groups than in the microfracture and control groups; Micro-CT result showed that the parameters about the calcified layer of cartilage and subchondral bone were better in the hACECM scaffold and hACECM scaffold + microfracture groups than the others, and excessive subchondral bone proliferation in the microfracture group. The results demonstrate that human cartilage extracellular matrix scaffold alone is an efficient, safe and simple way to repair cartilage defects. Conclusion hACECM scaffolds combined with/without microfracture facilitate chondral defect repair. The translational potential of this article Preclinical large animal models represent an important adjunct and surrogate for studies on articular cartilage repair, while the sheep stifle joint reflects many key features of the human knee and are therefore optimal experimental model for future clinical application in human. In this study, we developed a human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix scaffold and to verify the viability of its use in sheep animal models. Clinical studies are warranted to further quantify the effects of hACECM scaffolds in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, No. 120, Chengbeishang Street, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tianze Gao
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Runmeng Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qinyu Tian
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Torabzadeh H, Asgary S. Effects of Growth Factors on the Differentiation of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Part I). Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:523-543. [PMID: 35762556 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220628125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the biological interaction between dental stem cells (DSCs) and different growth factors in the field of regenerative endodontics. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases up to October 2021. This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ex vivo studies evaluating the biological interactions of DSCs and growth factors were included. The meta-analysis was performed according to the type of growth factor. The outcomes were cell viability/ proliferation and mineralization. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated using the random-effect maximum-likelihood method (P < .05). Additional analysis was performed to find any potential source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty articles were included in the systematic review; meta-analysis was performed for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and Transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-β1) (n = 5). Results showed that use of FGF-2 significantly increased cell proliferation on day 1-(SMD = 3.56, P = 0.00), 3-(SMD = 9.04, P = 0.00), 5-(SMD = 8.37, P = 0.01), and 7 (SMD=8.51, P=0.00) than the control group. TGF-ß1 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity more than control only on day 3 (SMD = 3.68, P = 0.02). TGF-β1 had no significant effect on cell proliferation on days 1 and 3 (P > 0.05) and on ALP activity on days 5 and 7 (P > 0.05). Meta-regression analysis showed that different covariates (i.e., cell type, passage number, and growth factors' concentration) could significantly influence the effect sizes at different follow- ups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Specific growth factors might enhance the proliferation and mineralization of DSCs; however, the obtained evidence was weak. Due to the high heterogeneity among the included studies, other growth factors' inhibitory/stimulatory effects on DSCs could not be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayna Shamszadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Torabzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W, Chen M, Qu M, Zhong Y, He T, Chen S, Xiao G. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:56. [PMID: 36737426 PMCID: PMC9898571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 213.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing and tearing of articular cartilage, but it is now more commonly referred to as a chronic whole-joint disorder that is initiated with biochemical and cellular alterations in the synovial joint tissues, which leads to the histological and structural changes of the joint and ends up with the whole tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for OA, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanism of the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of pathological signaling pathways and key molecules involved in OA pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic target design and drug development. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiology of OA, including its prevalence, incidence and burdens, and OA risk factors. We then focus on the roles and regulation of the pathological signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, focal adhesion, HIFs, TGFβ/ΒΜP and FGF signaling pathways, and key regulators AMPK, mTOR, and RUNX2 in the onset and development of OA. In addition, the roles of factors associated with OA, including MMPs, ADAMTS/ADAMs, and PRG4, are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide updates on the current clinical therapies and clinical trials of biological treatments and drugs for OA. Research advances in basic knowledge of articular cartilage biology and OA pathogenesis will have a significant impact and translational value in developing OA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chu Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Promoting endogenous articular cartilage regeneration using extracellular matrix scaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100343. [PMID: 35865410 PMCID: PMC9294195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects fail to heal spontaneously, typically progressing to osteoarthritis. Bone marrow stimulation techniques such as microfracture (MFX) are the current surgical standard of care; however MFX typically produces an inferior fibro-cartilaginous tissue which provides only temporary symptomatic relief. Here we implanted solubilised articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds into critically sized chondral defects in goats, securely anchoring these implants to the joint surface using a 3D-printed fixation device that overcame the need for sutures or glues. In vitro these ECM scaffolds were found to be inherently chondro-inductive, while in vivo they promoted superior articular cartilage regeneration compared to microfracture. In an attempt to further improve the quality of repair, we loaded these scaffolds with a known chemotactic factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3. In vivo such TGF-β3 loaded scaffolds promoted superior articular cartilage regeneration. This study demonstrates that ECM derived biomaterials, either alone and particularly when combined with exogenous growth factors, can successfully treat articular cartilage defects in a clinically relevant large animal model.
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MacIver MA, Dobson LK, Gregory CA, Muneoka K, Saunders WB. A three-dimensional (3D), serum-free, Collagen Type I system for chondrogenesis of canine bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269571. [PMID: 35679245 PMCID: PMC9182251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dog is an underrepresented large animal translational model for orthopedic cell-based tissue engineering. While chondrogenic differentiation of canine multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs) has been reported using the classic micromass technique, cMSCs respond inconsistently to this method. The objectives of this study were to develop a three-dimensional (3D), serum-free, Collagen Type I system to facilitate cMSC chondrogenesis and, once established, to determine the effect of chondrogenic growth factors on cMSC chondrogenesis. Canine MSCs were polymerized in 100 μL Collagen Type I gels (5 mg/mL) at 1 x 106 cells/construct. Constructs were assessed using morphometry, live/dead staining, and histology in 10 various chondrogenic media. Four media were selected for additional in-depth analyses via lactate dehydrogenase release, total glycosaminoglycan content, qPCR (COL1A1, COL2A, SOX9, ACAN, BGLAP and SP7), immunofluorescence, and TUNEL staining. In the presence of dexamethasone and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3), both bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) generated larger chondrogenic constructs, although BMP-2 was required to achieve histologic characteristics of chondrocytes. Chondrogenic medium containing dexamethasone, TGF-β3, BMP-2 and bFGF led to a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release at day 3 and glycosaminoglycan content was significantly increased in these constructs at day 3, 10, and 21. Both osteogenic and chondrogenic transcripts were induced in response to dexamethasone, TGF-β3, BMP-2 and bFGF. Collagen Type II and X were detected in all groups via immunofluorescence. Finally, TUNEL staining was positive in constructs lacking BMP-2 or bFGF. In conclusion, the 3D, serum-free, Collagen Type-I assay described herein proved useful in assessing cMSC differentiation and will serve as a productive system to characterize cMSCs or to fabricate tissue engineering constructs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. MacIver
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lauren K. Dobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - W. Brian Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Molnar V, Pavelić E, Vrdoljak K, Čemerin M, Klarić E, Matišić V, Bjelica R, Brlek P, Kovačić I, Tremolada C, Primorac D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060949. [PMID: 35741711 PMCID: PMC9222975 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability and function of MSCs vary according to tissue source. The three primary sources include the placenta, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, all of which offer excellent safety profiles. The primary mechanisms of action are trophic and immunomodulatory effects, which prevent the further degradation of joints. However, the function and degree to which benefits are observed vary significantly based on the exosomes secreted by MSCs. Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms prevent cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, initiate angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis via growth factors. MSCs have even been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects. Clinical results incorporating clinical scores and objective radiological imaging have been promising, but a lack of standardization in isolating MSCs prevents their incorporation in current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Eduard Pavelić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Kristijan Vrdoljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Martin Čemerin
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Emil Klarić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Roko Bjelica
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | | | | | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Jang S, Kwon J, Oh TI, Lee E. Comparative Evaluation of Synovial Multipotent Stem Cells and Meniscal Chondrocytes for Capability of Fibrocartilage Reconstruction. Cartilage 2021; 13:980S-990S. [PMID: 32748647 PMCID: PMC8804725 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520946367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus tissue is composed of highly aligned type I collagen embedded with cartilaginous matrix. This histological feature endows mechanical properties, such as tensile strength along the direction of the collagen alignment and endurance to compressive load induced by weight bearing. The main objective of this study was to compare the fibrocartilage construction capability of different cell sources in the presence of mechanical stimuli. DESIGN Synovial multipotent stem cells (SvMSCs) and meniscal chondrocytes (MCs) from immature and mature rabbits were maintained under similar conditions for comparative evaluation of growth characteristics and senescence tendency. The differentiation potential of cell sources, including fibrocartilage generation, were comparatively evaluated. To determine the capability of fibrocartilage generation, cultured cell sheets were rolled up to produce cable-form tissue and subjected to chondrogenic induction in the presence or absence of static tension. RESULTS Although SvMSCs showed superior cell growth characteristics during in vitro cell expansion, senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression was consistently higher, compared with MCs. MCs showed glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich matrix formation during default in vitro chondrogenesis. While application of static tension significantly reduced GAG production, MCs continued to show robust tissue growth. SvMSCs showed inferior chondrogenic differentiation and diminished tissue growth in the presence of static tension. CONCLUSIONS While SvMSCs produced fibrous tissue during default in vitro chondrogenesis, their fibrocartilage generation potential in the presence of static tension was significantly lower, compared with MCs. Our results support evaluation of cellular response to tensile stimulus as a decisive factor in determining the ideal cell source for fibrocartilage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering,
Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoyoung Jang
- Department of Medical Engineering,
Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JunPyo Kwon
- Department of Medical Engineering,
Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tong In Oh
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - EunAh Lee
- Impedance Imaging Research Center,
Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,EunAh Lee, Impedance Imaging
Research Center, Kyung Hee Uiversity, 26, Kyungheedae-ro,
Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Le TM, Vu NB, Huynh PD, Van Pham P. Treatment of Osteochondral Femoral Head Defect by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet Transplantation: An Experimental Study in Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021:209-223. [PMID: 34739722 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Articular cartilage is limited in self-repair following injuries due to avascular, lymphatic, and nerve absence. Recent treatments for cartilage injuries, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, chondrocyte implantation, and joint replacement, still have limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet (UCMSCS) transplantation in rat models of the osteochondral femoral head defect. METHODS Models of osteochondral femoral head defect were produced in rats by drilling in order to reach the femoral bone tissue through the cartilage layer. Then, UCMSCS was implanted in the created cartilage lesion. The treatment efficacy was monitored by X-ray imaging. The cartilage regeneration was evaluated based on the hematoxylin and eosin staining, and proteoglycan accumulation was detected by staining Safranin O and Fast Green. The physiological, weight, or movement activity of rats were recorded during the treatment period. RESULTS UCMSCS transplantation showed positive effects on the cartilage regeneration in osteochondral femoral head defect grade 4 (according to ICRS score/grade). Particularly, after 12 weeks of implantation of UCMSCS, the defect was filled with hyaline cartilage-like cells and accumulated a large density of proteoglycan. The osteochondral defect score significantly increased in the treated rats compared to the untreated rats (11.67 ± 0.6 and 9.67 ± 0.6, respectively) (p < 0.05). The histological score also increased in treated rats compared to untreated rats (21.33 ± 1.53 vs. 18.00 ± 1.00) (p < 0.0001). The accumulation of proteoglycan was higher in treated rats (20.50 ± 2.23) than untreated rats (5.38 ± 0.36) (p < 0.05). There was no change in the physiological activities between treated and untreated rats recorded during the study. CONCLUSION MSCS transplantation could promote regeneration in advanced cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Minh Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Vu
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phat Duc Huynh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Promoting Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010300. [PMID: 33396695 PMCID: PMC7796036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC) is the promising cell source of cartilage regeneration but has several issues to overcome such as limited cell proliferation and heterogeneity of cartilage regeneration ability. Previous reports demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote proliferation and cartilage differentiation potential of MSCs in vitro, although no reports show its beneficial effect in vivo. The purpose of this study is to investigate the promoting effect of bFGF on cartilage regeneration using human SMSC in vivo. SMSCs were cultured with or without bFGF in a growth medium, and 2 × 105 cells were aggregated to form a synovial pellet. Synovial pellets were implanted into osteochondral defects induced in the femoral trochlea of severe combined immunodeficient mice, and histological evaluation was performed after eight weeks. The presence of implanted SMSCs was confirmed by the observation of human vimentin immunostaining-positive cells. Interestingly, broad lacunae structures and cartilage substrate stained by Safranin-O were observed only in the bFGF (+) group. The bFGF (+) group had significantly higher O’Driscoll scores in the cartilage repair than the bFGF (−) group. The addition of bFGF to SMSC growth culture may be a useful treatment option to promote cartilage regeneration in vivo.
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10
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Growth factors-based beneficial effects of platelet lysate on umbilical cord-derived stem cells and their synergistic use in osteoarthritis treatment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:857. [PMID: 33057008 PMCID: PMC7560841 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the transplanted site often hinders the efficacy of MSCs-based therapy. Platelet lysate (PL) contains rich amounts of growth factors, which benefits cell growth. This study aimed to explore how human PL benefits umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huc-MSCs), and whether they have synergistic potential in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. As quality control, flow cytometry and specific staining were performed to identify huc-MSCs, and ELISA was used to quantify growth factors in PL. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the effects of PL on the cell viability and cell cycle progression of huc-MSCs. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to assess the migration of huc-MSCs. RNA sequencing, real time PCR, and Western blot assays were conducted to explore the growth factors-based mechanism of PL. The in vitro results showed that PL significantly promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of huc-MSCs by upregulating relevant genes/proteins and activating beclin1-dependent autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The main growth factors (PDGF-AA, IGF-1, TGF-β, EGF, and FGF) contributed to the effects of PL in varying degrees. The in vivo data showed that combined PL and huc-MSCs exerted significant synergistic effect against OA. The overall study determined the beneficial effects and mechanism of PL on huc-MSCs and indicated PL as an adjuvant for huc-MSCs in treating OA. This is the first report on the growth factors-based mechanism of PL on huc-MSCs and their synergistic application. It provides novel knowledge of PLʹs roles and offers a promising strategy for stem cell-based OA therapy by combining PL and huc-MSCs.
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11
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Fibroblast growth factor signalling in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:547-564. [PMID: 32807927 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is a prerequisite for the correct development and homeostasis of articular cartilage, as evidenced by the fact that aberrant FGF signalling contributes to the maldevelopment of joints and to the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. Of the four FGF receptors (FGFRs 1-4), FGFR1 and FGFR3 are strongly implicated in osteoarthritis, and FGFR1 antagonists, as well as agonists of FGFR3, have shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of spontaneous and surgically induced osteoarthritis. FGF18, a high affinity ligand for FGFR3, is the only FGF-based drug currently in clinical trials for osteoarthritis. This Review covers the latest advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate FGF signalling during normal joint development and in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Strategies for FGF signalling-based treatment of osteoarthritis and for cartilage repair in animal models and clinical trials are also introduced. An improved understanding of FGF signalling from a structural biology perspective, and of its roles in skeletal development and diseases, could unlock new avenues for discovery of modulators of FGF signalling that can slow or stop the progression of osteoarthritis.
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12
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Lin Y, Li X, Fan C, Yang F, Hao D, Ge W, Gao Y. Cardioprotective effects of rat adipose‑derived stem cells differ under normoxic/physioxic conditions and are associated with paracrine factor secretion. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1591-1600. [PMID: 32323745 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue‑derived stem cells (ASCs) are beneficial for myocardial regeneration. The physiological oxygen content of human organs is estimated to range between 1 and 11%. However, in the majority of previous in vitro studies with cultured ASCs, the O2 concentration was artificially set to 21%. The present study aimed to compare the protective effects of rat ASCs on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) under normoxic (21% O2) and physioxic (5% O2) conditions. Rat NRVMs cultured under normoxia or physioxia were treated with H2O2 or left untreated, and further co‑cultured with ASCs in 21% or 5% O2. The apoptosis of NRVMs was evaluated by Annexin V staining and quantitating the protein levels of Bcl‑2 and Bax by western blotting. The oxidative stress of NRVMs was determined by a glutathione/oxidized glutathione assay kit. The concentrations of secreted vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the culture medium were quantified by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Under both normoxia and physioxia, co‑culture with ASCs protected H2O2‑exposed NRVMs from apoptosis and significantly alleviated the oxidative stress in NRVMs. The protective effects of ASCs were associated with increased secretion of VEGF, IGF‑1 and bFGF. ASCs cultured in 5% O2 exhibited certain cardioprotective effects against H2O2 stress. The results of the present study suggested that O2 concentrations influenced the cardioprotective effects of ASCs. VEGF, IGF‑1 and bFGF may serve a role in the myocardial regeneration mediated by transplanted ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Fan
- Department of Information, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Dajie Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Ge
- Department of Science Research and Education, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
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13
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Lu Z, Yan L, Pei M. Commentary on 'Surface markers associated with chondrogenic potential of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells'. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047607 PMCID: PMC6979467 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers have searched for predictive surface markers of multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for ensuring improved therapeutic outcomes following cartilage damage in humans. However, we have achieved only limited progress because of the challenge presented by conflicting data. This commentary provides some evidence to prove a lack of success with current efforts, including an inconsistency in accepted surface markers and chondrogenic potential of MSCs as well as the tissue source-dependent MSC surface markers that correlate with chondrogenic potential. A brief discussion on these disputed topics and perspective about functionally predictive surface markers and standardization of analytic procedures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lu
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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14
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Zhou S, Chen S, Jiang Q, Pei M. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1653-1680. [PMID: 30689010 PMCID: PMC6456412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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15
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Bae HC, Park HJ, Wang SY, Yang HR, Lee MC, Han HS. Hypoxic condition enhances chondrogenesis in synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biomater Res 2018; 22:28. [PMID: 30275971 PMCID: PMC6158840 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by many factors, including oxygen tensions, growth factors, and cytokines. Evidences have suggested that low oxygen tension seems to be an important regulatory factor in the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in various MSCs. Recent studies report that synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) are a potential source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. But, the effect of low oxygen tension on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs has not characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on proliferation and chondrogenesis in SDSCs. Method SDSCs were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis at total knee replacement. To determine the effect of oxygen tension on proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs, A colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and cell counting-based proliferation assay were performed under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, SDSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis. qRT-PCR, histological assay, and glycosoaminoglycan assays were determined to assess chondrogenesis. Results Low oxygen condition significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs compared to that of SDSCs under normoxic culture. Similar pellet size and weight were found for chondrogensis period under hypoxia and normoxia condition. The mRNA expression of types II collagen, aggrecan, and the transcription factor SOX9 was increased under hypoxia condition. Histological sections stained with Safranin-O demonstrated that hypoxic conditions had increased proteoglycan synthesis. Immunohistochemistry for types II collagen demonstrated that hypoxic culture of SDSCs increased type II collagen expression. In addition, GAG deposition was significantly higher in hypoxia compared with normoxia at 21 days of differentiation. Conclusion These findings show that hypoxia condition has an important role in regulating the synthesis ECM matrix by SDSCs as they undergo chondrogenesis. This has important implications for cartilage tissue engineering applications of SDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Cheol Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ru Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Soo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744 Republic of Korea
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16
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Chijimatsu R, Kobayashi M, Ebina K, Iwahashi T, Okuno Y, Hirao M, Fukuhara A, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa H. Impact of dexamethasone concentration on cartilage tissue formation from human synovial derived stem cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:819-829. [PMID: 29352392 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration because of their superior chondrogenic potential in vitro. This study aimed to further optimize the conditions for inducing chondrogenesis of hSMSCs, focusing on the dose of dexamethasone in combination with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). When hSMSCs-derived aggregates were cultured with TGFβ3, dexamethasone up to 10 nM promoted chondrogenesis, but attenuated it with heterogeneous tissue formation when used at concentrations over than 100 nM. On the other hands, BMP2-induced chondrogenesis was remarkably disturbed in the presence of more than 10 nM dexamethasone along with unexpected adipogenic differentiation. In the presence of both TGFβ3 and BMP2, dexamethasone dose dependently promoted cartilaginous tissue formation as judged by tissue volume, proteoglycan content, and type 2 collagen expression, whereas few adipocytes were detected in the formed tissue when cultures were supplemented with over 100 nM dexamethasone. Even in chondrogenic conditions, dexamethasone thus affected hSMSCs differentiation not only toward chondrocytes, but also towards adipocytes dependent on the dose and combined growth factor. These findings have important implications regarding the use of glucocorticoids in in vitro tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration using hSMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Kita-ku Tenma, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Tan AR, Hung CT. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Taking Cues from Chondrocyte-Based Constructs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1295-1303. [PMID: 28177194 PMCID: PMC5442836 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form of joint disease, afflicts 9% of the U.S. population over the age of 30 and costs the economy nearly $100 billion annually in healthcare and socioeconomic costs. It is characterized by joint pain and dysfunction, though the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Due to its avascular nature and limited cellularity, articular cartilage exhibits a poor intrinsic healing response following injury. As such, significant research efforts are aimed at producing engineered cartilage as a cell-based approach for articular cartilage repair. However, the knee joint is mechanically demanding, and during injury, also a milieu of harsh inflammatory agents. The unforgiving mechano-chemical environment requires tissue replacements that are capable of bearing such burdens. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising cell source due to their ease of isolation, capacity to readily expand in culture, and ability to undergo lineage-specific differentiation into chondrocytes. However, to date, very few studies utilizing MSCs have successfully recapitulated the structural and functional properties of native cartilage, exposing the difficult process of uniformly differentiating stem cells into desired cell fates and maintaining the phenotype during in vitro culture and after in vivo implantation. To address these shortcomings, here, we present a concise review on modulating stem cell behavior, tissue development and function using well-developed techniques from chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1295-1303.
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18
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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Proliferation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Cellular Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3027109. [PMID: 28168007 PMCID: PMC5267085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3027109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting increasing number of people in developed countries. Therefore new strategies for treatment of T2D and its complications are of special interest. Nowadays, cellular therapies involving mesenchymal stromal cells that reside in adipose tissue (ASCs) constitute a promising approach; however, there are still many obstacles concerning safety and effectiveness that need to be overcome before ASCs could be engaged for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. One of the challenges is preventing ASCs from deterioration caused by elevated oxidative stress present in diabetes milieu. In the current study we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment on ASCs isolated from patients with diagnosed T2D. We demonstrate here that cell exposition to bFGF in 5 and 10 ng/mL dosages results in improved morphology, increased proliferative activity, reduced cellular senescence and apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress, indicating recovery of ASCs' function impaired by T2D. Therefore our results provide a support for bFGF as a potential therapeutic agent for improving stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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19
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Zhou S, Wang Z, Tang J, Li W, Huang J, Xu W, Luo F, Xu M, Wang J, Wen X, Chen L, Chen H, Su N, Shen Y, Du X, Xie Y, Chen L. Exogenous fibroblast growth factor 9 attenuates cartilage degradation and aggravates osteophyte formation in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:2181-2192. [PMID: 27473558 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of exogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF)9 on the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN The expression of FGF9 in articular cartilage with OA is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of intra-articular exogenous FGF9 injection on post-traumatic OA induced by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery are evaluated. Cartilage changes and osteophyte formation in knee joints are investigated by histological analysis. Changes in subchondral bone are evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The effect of exogenous FGF9 on an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced ex vivo OA model of human articular cartilage tissues is also evaluated. RESULTS FGF9 expression was down-regulated in articular chondrocytes of OA but ectopically induced at sites of osteophyte formation. Intra-articular injection of exogenous FGF9 attenuated articular cartilage degradation in mice after DMM surgery. Exogenous FGF9 suppressed collagen X and MMP13 expressions in OA cartilage, while promoted collagen II expression. Similar results were observed in IL-1β-induced ex vivo OA model. Intra-articular injection of FGF9 had no significant effect on the subchondral bone of knee joints after DMM surgery, but aggravated osteophyte formation. The expressions of SOX9 and collagen II, and cell proliferation were up-regulated at sites of initial osteophyte formation in mice with exogenous FGF9 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular injection of exogenous FGF9 delays articular cartilage degradation in post-traumatic OA, while aggravates osteophyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhou
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J Tang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Military Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J Huang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W Xu
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - F Luo
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - M Xu
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X Wen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - N Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y Shen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X Du
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - L Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Pei M. Environmental preconditioning rejuvenates adult stem cells' proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Biomaterials 2016; 117:10-23. [PMID: 27923196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration. Unfortunately, due to donor age and ex vivo expansion, stem cell senescence becomes a huge hurdle for these cells to be used clinically. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental preconditioning is a powerful approach in promoting stem cells' ability to resist a harsh environment post-engraftment, such as hypoxia and inflammation. However, few reports organize and evaluate the literature regarding the rejuvenation effect of environmental preconditioning on stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity, which are important variables for stem cell based tissue regeneration. This report aims to identify several critical environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, growth factors, and extracellular matrix and to discuss their preconditioning influence on stem cells' rejuvenation including proliferation and chondrogenic potential as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. We believe that environmental preconditioning based rejuvenation is a simpler and safer strategy to program pre-engraftment stem cells for better survival and enhanced proliferation and differentiation capacity without the undesired effects of some treatments, such as genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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21
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Zayed MN, Schumacher J, Misk N, Dhar MS. Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on chondrogenesis of equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow or synovial fluid. Vet J 2016; 217:26-32. [PMID: 27810206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as chondrocytes, and have potential for use in regeneration of equine articular cartilage. MSCs instilled intra-articularly would be exposed to the inflamed environment associated with equine osteoarthritis (OA), which may compromise their function and ability to heal a cartilaginous defect. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of equine adult MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes when stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. MSCs derived from equine bone marrow (BM) and from synovial fluid (SF) were cultured in chondrogenic induction medium containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. BM-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) and SF-derived MSCs (SFMSCs) were stimulated with 100 ng/mL interferon (IFN)-γ and 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Chondrogenic differentiation was measured quantitatively with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assay and qualitatively by immunofluorescence (IF) for SOX-9, TGF-β1, aggrecan and collagen II. The viability of equine MSCs was maintained in the presence of IFN-γ and TNF-α, but production of GAGs from both types of MSCs was decreased in stimulated medium. Exposure of BMMSCs to pro-inflammatory cytokines reduced the levels of SOX-9, TGF-β1, aggrecan and collagen II, whereas exposure of SFMSCs to these cytokines reduced the levels of aggrecan only. These data suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines do not affect proliferation of MSCs, but could inhibit chondrogenesis of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Zayed
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive c247, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - J Schumacher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive c247, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - N Misk
- Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt
| | - M S Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive c247, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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22
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Wu CC, Sheu SY, Hsu LH, Yang KC, Tseng CC, Kuo TF. Intra-articular Injection of platelet-rich fibrin releasates in combination with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of articular cartilage defects: Anin vivostudy in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1536-1543. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics; National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10002 Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics; En Chu Kong Hospital; New Taipei City 23702 Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung 40201 Taiwan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung 40201 Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy; Asia University; Taichung 41354 Taiwan
| | - Li-Ho Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics; National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10002 Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics; En Chu Kong Hospital; New Taipei City 23702 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chuan Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine; Asia University; Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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23
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Kwon H, Paschos NK, Hu JC, Athanasiou K. Articular cartilage tissue engineering: the role of signaling molecules. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1173-94. [PMID: 26811234 PMCID: PMC5435375 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective early disease modifying options for osteoarthritis remain lacking. Tissue engineering approach to generate cartilage in vitro has emerged as a promising option for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Signaling molecules and matrix modifying agents, derived from knowledge of cartilage development and homeostasis, have been used as biochemical stimuli toward cartilage tissue engineering and have led to improvements in the functionality of engineered cartilage. Clinical translation of neocartilage faces challenges, such as phenotypic instability of the engineered cartilage, poor integration, inflammation, and catabolic factors in the arthritic environment; these can all contribute to failure of implanted neocartilage. A comprehensive understanding of signaling molecules involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis and their actions on engineered cartilage will be crucial. Thus, while it is important to continue deriving inspiration from cartilage development and homeostasis, it has become increasingly necessary to incorporate knowledge from osteoarthritis pathogenesis into cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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24
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Gudernova I, Vesela I, Balek L, Buchtova M, Dosedelova H, Kunova M, Pivnicka J, Jelinkova I, Roubalova L, Kozubik A, Krejci P. Multikinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors SU5402, PD173074, AZD1480, AZD4547 and BGJ398 compromises the use of small chemicals targeting FGFR catalytic activity for therapy of short-stature syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:9-23. [PMID: 26494904 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) cause the most common genetic form of human dwarfism, achondroplasia (ACH). Small chemical inhibitors of FGFR tyrosine kinase activity are considered to be viable option for treating ACH, but little experimental evidence supports this claim. We evaluated five FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (SU5402, PD173074, AZD1480, AZD4547 and BGJ398) for their activity against FGFR signaling in chondrocytes. All five TKIs strongly inhibited FGFR activation in cultured chondrocytes and limb rudiment cultures, completely relieving FGFR-mediated inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. In contrast, TKI treatment of newborn mice did not improve skeletal growth and had lethal toxic effects on the liver, lungs and kidneys. In cell-free kinase assays as well as in vitro and in vivo cell assays, none of the tested TKIs demonstrated selectivity for FGFR3 over three other FGFR tyrosine kinases. In addition, the TKIs exhibited significant off-target activity when screened against a panel of 14 unrelated tyrosine kinases. This was most extensive in SU5402 and AZD1480, which inhibited DDR2, IGF1R, FLT3, TRKA, FLT4, ABL and JAK3 with efficiencies similar to or greater than those for FGFR. Low target specificity and toxicity of FGFR TKIs thus compromise their use for treatment of ACH. Conceptually, different avenues of therapeutic FGFR3 targeting should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Gudernova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Vesela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Dosedelova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kunova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pivnicka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Roubalova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubik
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Wang JJ, Liu YL, Sun YC, Ge W, Wang YY, Dyce PW, Hou R, Shen W. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Stimulates the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137712. [PMID: 26375397 PMCID: PMC4574107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely known that the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered species in the world. An optimized platform for maintaining the proliferation of giant panda mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is very necessary for current giant panda protection strategies. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a member of the FGF family, is widely considered as a growth factor and differentiation inducer within the stem cell research field. However, the role of bFGF on promoting the proliferation of MSCs derived from giant panda bone marrow (BM) has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of bFGF on the proliferation of BM-MSCs derived from giant panda. MSCs were cultured for cell proliferation analysis at 24, 48 and 72 hrs following the addition of bFGF. With increasing concentrations of bFGF, cell numbers gradually increased. This was further demonstrated by performing 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) labeling and cell cycle testing. Furthermore, the percentage of MSCs that were OCT4 positive increased slightly following treatment with 5 ng/ml bFGF. Moreover, we demonstrated that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway may play an important role in the proliferation of panda MSCs stimulated by bFGF. In conclusion, this study suggests that giant panda BM-MSCs have a high proliferative capacity with the addition of 5 ng/ml bFGF in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yong-Yong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, United States of America
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
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26
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Lee TH, Kim WT, Ryu CJ, Jang YJ. Optimization of treatment with recombinant FGF-2 for proliferation and differentiation of human dental stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:298-305. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) is widely used to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. An expression and purification system for recombinant human FGF-2 in Escherichia coli was established for the purpose of securing a continuous supply of this protein. The purified recombinant FGF-2 significantly increased the population of human embryonic stem cells. The optimal concentrations of FGF-2 for cell proliferative induction in various adult stem cells including human dental pulp stem cells, full term human periodontal ligament stem cells, human gingival fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteogenic oseosarcoma were established in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with recombinant FGF-2 for 6 days before osteogenic induction, the mRNA expression of the bone markers was upregulated in cells originated from human dental pulp tissue, indicating that pretreatment with FGF-2 during culture increase stem cell/progenitor population and osteogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 29 Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Won-Tae Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 29 Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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27
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Supplementation of growth differentiation factor-5 increases proliferation and size of chondrogenic pellets of human umbilical cord-derived perivascular stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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An B, Na S, Lee S, Kim WJ, Yang SR, Woo HM, Kook S, Hong Y, Song H, Hong SH. Non-enzymatic isolation followed by supplementation of basic fibroblast growth factor improves proliferation, clonogenic capacity and SSEA-4 expression of perivascular cells from human umbilical cord. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:767-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Kondo M, Yamaoka K, Tanaka Y. Acquiring chondrocyte phenotype from human mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21270-85. [PMID: 25407530 PMCID: PMC4264224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory milieu breaks down the cartilage matrix and induces chondrocyte apoptosis, resulting in cartilage destruction in patients with cartilage degenerative diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Because of the limited regenerative ability of chondrocytes, defects in cartilage are irreversible and difficult to repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to be a new tool for cartilage repair because they are present in the cartilage and are able to differentiate into multiple lineages of cells, including chondrocytes. Although clinical trials using MSCs for patients with cartilage defects have already begun, its efficacy and repair mechanisms remain unknown. A PubMed search conducted in October 2014 using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: mesenchymal stromal cells, chondrogenesis, and cytokines resulted in 204 articles. The titles and abstracts were screened and nine articles relevant to “inflammatory” cytokines and “human” MSCs were identified. Herein, we review the cell biology and mechanisms of chondrocyte phenotype acquisition from human MSCs in an inflammatory milieu and discuss the clinical potential of MSCs for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kondo
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Yamaoka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
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30
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Intact human amniotic membrane differentiated towards the chondrogenic lineage. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 15:213-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Spina J, Ott J, Baltzer WI, Bay BK. Growth factor treated tensioned synoviocyte neotissues: towards meniscal bioscaffold tissue engineering. Vet J 2014; 200:22-30. [PMID: 24559744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Meniscal injury is a common cause of osteoarthritis, pain, and disability in dogs and humans, but tissue-engineered bioscaffolds could be a treatment option for meniscal deficiency. The objective of this study was to compare meniscus-like matrix histology, composition, and biomechanical properties of autologous tensioned synoviocyte neotissues (TSN) treated with fetal bovine serum (TSNfbs) or three chondrogenic growth factors (TSNgf). Fourth passage canine synoviocytes from 10 dogs were grown in hyperconfluent monolayer culture, formed into TSN, and then cultured for 3 weeks with 17.7% FBS or three human recombinant TSNgf (bFGF, TGF-β1, and IGF-1). Cell viability was determined with laser microscopy. Histological architecture and the composition of fibrocartilage matrix were evaluated in TSN by staining tissues for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen 1 and 2; quantifying the content of GAG, DNA, and hydroxyproline; and measuring the gene expression of collagens type 1α and 2α, the GAG aggrecan, and transcription factor Sry-type Homeobox Protein-9 (SOX9). Biomechanical properties were determined by materials testing force-deformation curves. The TSN contained components and histological features of mensical fibrocartilage extracellular matrix. Growth factor-treated TSN had higher DNA content but lower cell viability than TSNfbs. TSNgf had greater fibrocartilage-like matrix content (collagen 2 and GAG content with increased collagen 2α and SOX9 gene expression). Additionally, TSNgf collagen was more organized histologically and so had greater tensile biomechanical properties. The results indicate the potential of TSN when cultured with growth factors as implantable bioscaffolds for the treatment of canine meniscal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Warnock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, OR 97331, USA
| | - K F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Spina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Ott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W I Baltzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - B K Bay
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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32
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Lee JC, Min HJ, Lee S, Seong SC, Lee MC. Effect of chondroitinase ABC on adhesion and behavior of synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in rabbit partial-thickness chondral defects. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1293-301. [PMID: 23629810 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted cells may have difficulty attaching to the surface of partial-thickness chondral lesions because of the anti-adhesive properties of the proteoglycan rich matrix. Therefore, the current study attempts to evaluate the effect of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) on the adhesion and behavior of transplanted synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) in rabbit partial-thickness chondral defects. In ex vivo adhesion experiments, chABC treatment (0.1 U/ml) was increased in SDSC attachment to the cartilage explants, and significantly diminished by pretreatment with neutralizing antibody against fibronectin. In the in vivo experiments, 1 day and 4 weeks after the chABC treatment (0.1 and 1 U/ml), the immunoreactivity (IR) against CS-56 (intact chondroitin sulfate antibody) was markedly decreased; however, the IR of 2B6 (stub of the chondroitin 4-sulfate chain), 3B3 (stub of the chondroitin 6-sulfate chain), and fibronectin was increased. At 12 weeks, this IR returned to normal except in the high-dose chABC-treated group (1 U/ml). Furthermore, the attachment of SDSCs to the chondral defects after chABC treatment was increased at 7 days compared with that in the chondral defects pretreated with saline. However, the tissue repaired by SDSCs was negatively stained for type II collagen at 12 weeks. In conclusion, these results showed that the exposure to fibronectin by chABC treatment enhances the attachment of SDSCs to partial-thickness chondral defects. However, the tissue regenerated by SDSCs showed lack of hyaline cartilage regeneration. Thus, to understand the fate of transplanted MSCs in cartilage defect is very important for successful cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, #28 Yongondong, Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Siegel G, Kluba T, Hermanutz-Klein U, Bieback K, Northoff H, Schäfer R. Phenotype, donor age and gender affect function of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. BMC Med 2013; 11:146. [PMID: 23758701 PMCID: PMC3694028 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive for cell-based therapies ranging from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to immunomodulation. However, clinical efficacy is variable and it is unclear how the phenotypes defining bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs as well as donor characteristics affect their functional properties. METHODS BM-MSCs were isolated from 53 (25 female, 28 male; age: 13 to 80 years) donors and analyzed by: (1) phenotype using flow cytometry and cell size measurement; (2) in vitro growth kinetics using population doubling time; (3) colony formation capacity and telomerase activity; and (4) function by in vitro differentiation capacity, suppression of T cell proliferation, cytokines and trophic factors secretion, and hormone and growth factor receptor expression. Additionally, expression of Oct4, Nanog, Prdm14 and SOX2 mRNA was compared to pluripotent stem cells. RESULTS BM-MSCs from younger donors showed increased expression of MCAM, VCAM-1, ALCAM, PDGFRβ, PDL-1, Thy1 and CD71, and led to lower IL-6 production when co-cultured with activated T cells. Female BM-MSCs showed increased expression of IFN-γR1 and IL-6β, and were more potent in T cell proliferation suppression. High-clonogenic BM-MSCs were smaller, divided more rapidly and were more frequent in BM-MSC preparations from younger female donors. CD10, β1integrin, HCAM, CD71, VCAM-1, IFN-γR1, MCAM, ALCAM, LNGFR and HLA ABC were correlated to BM-MSC preparations with high clonogenic potential and expression of IFN-γR1, MCAM and HLA ABC was associated with rapid growth of BM-MSCs. The mesodermal differentiation capacity of BM-MSCs was unaffected by donor age or gender but was affected by phenotype (CD10, IFN-γR1, GD2). BM-MSCs from female and male donors expressed androgen receptor and FGFR3, and secreted VEGF-A, HGF, LIF, Angiopoietin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and NGFB. HGF secretion correlated negatively to the expression of CD71, CD140b and Galectin 1. The expression of Oct4, Nanog and Prdm14 mRNA in BM-MSCs was much lower compared to pluripotent stem cells and was not related to donor age or gender. Prdm14 mRNA expression correlated positively to the clonogenic potential of BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS By identifying donor-related effects and assigning phenotypes of BM-MSC preparations to functional properties, we provide useful tools for assay development and production for clinical applications of BM-MSC preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Siegel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4/1, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
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Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells supported by platelet-rich plasma can repair osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:1034-46. [PMID: 23726109 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effectiveness of synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SDSC)-encapsulated injectable platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel in the repair of damaged articular cartilage in the rabbit. METHODS An osteochondral defect was created in the trochlear groove of the rabbit femur, and the defects were divided into 3 treatment groups: untreated control group, PRP group, and PRP-SDSC group. After 4, 12, and 24 weeks, the tissue specimens were assessed by macroscopic examination and histologic evaluation and stained immunohistochemically for type II collagen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, total glycosaminoglycan content was determined at 24 weeks. RESULTS Rabbit PRP contained a high concentration of platelets and high concentration of growth factors compared with those in whole blood. Twenty-four weeks after transplantation, there was fibrous tissue in the control group. In both the PRP group and the PRP-SDSC group, the defects were repaired with hyaline cartilage and exhibited significantly higher safranin O staining, type II collagen immunostaining, glycosaminoglycan content, cumulative histologic scores, and number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells. However, incomplete bone regeneration and irregular cartilage surface integration were observed in the PRP group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SDSC-embedded PRP gel could successfully resurface the defect with cartilage and restore the subchondral bone in the rabbit model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study indicates that in an animal model, the application of PRP and SDSC in combination for the treatment of local cartilage defects appears promising; however, PRP-SDSC products might be more or less appropriate to treat different types of tissues and pathologies. The clinical efficacy of PRP remains under debate. Therefore further research is needed at both the basic science and clinical levels.
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Al-Habib M, Yu Z, Huang GTJ. Small molecules affect human dental pulp stem cell properties via multiple signaling pathways. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2402-13. [PMID: 23573877 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One fundamental issue regarding stem cells for regenerative medicine is the maintenance of stem cell stemness. The purpose of the study was to test whether small molecules can enhance stem cell properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human dental pulp (hDPSCs), which have potential for multiple clinical applications. We identified the effects of small molecules (Pluripotin (SC1), 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime and rapamycin) on the maintenance of hDPSC properties in vitro and the mechanisms involved in exerting the effects. Primary cultures of hDPSCs were exposed to optimal concentrations of these small molecules. Treated hDPSCs were analyzed for their proliferation, the expression levels of pluripotent and MSC markers, differentiation capacities, and intracellular signaling activations. We found that small molecule treatments decreased cell proliferation and increased the expression of STRO-1, NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, while diminishing cell differentiation into odonto/osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic lineages in vitro. These effects involved Ras-GAP-, ERK1/2-, and mTOR-signaling pathways, which may preserve the cell self-renewal capacity, while suppressing differentiation. We conclude that small molecules appear to enhance the immature state of hDPSCs in culture, which may be used as a strategy for adult stem cell maintenance and extend their capacity for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shintani N, Siebenrock KA, Hunziker EB. TGF-ß1 enhances the BMP-2-induced chondrogenesis of bovine synovial explants and arrests downstream differentiation at an early stage of hypertrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53086. [PMID: 23301025 PMCID: PMC3536810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial explants furnish an in-situ population of mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage. Although bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) induces the chondrogenesis of bovine synovial explants, the cartilage formed is neither homogeneously distributed nor of an exclusively hyaline type. Furthermore, the downstream differentiation of chondrocytes proceeds to the stage of terminal hypertrophy, which is inextricably coupled with undesired matrix mineralization. With a view to optimizing BMP-2-induced chondrogenesis, the modulating influences of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) were investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Explants of bovine calf metacarpal synovium were exposed to BMP-2 (200 ng/ml) for 4 (or 6) weeks. FGF-2 (10 ng/ml) or TGF-ß1 (10 ng/ml) was introduced at the onset of incubation and was present either during the first week of culturing alone or throughout its entire course. FGF-2 enhanced the BMP-2-induced increase in metachromatic staining for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) only when it was present during the first week of culturing alone. TGF-ß1 enhanced not only the BMP-2-induced increase in metachromasia (to a greater degree than FGF-2), but also the biochemically-assayed accumulation of GAGs, when it was present throughout the entire culturing period; in addition, it arrested the downstream differentiation of cells at an early stage of hypertrophy. These findings were corroborated by an analysis of the gene- and protein-expression levels of key cartilaginous markers and by an estimation of individual cell volume. Conclusions/Significance TGF-ß1 enhances the BMP-2-induced chondrogenesis of bovine synovial explants, improves the hyaline-like properties of the neocartilage, and arrests the downstream differentiation of cells at an early stage of hypertrophy. With the prospect of engineering a mature, truly articular type of cartilage in the context of clinical repair, our findings will be of importance in fine-tuning the stimulation protocol for the optimal chondrogenic differentiation of synovial explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Shintani
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A. Siebenrock
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst B. Hunziker
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Lee JC, Lee SY, Min HJ, Han SA, Jang J, Lee S, Seong SC, Lee MC. Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a novel injectable gel can repair osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2173-86. [PMID: 22765885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel injectable type I collagen/hyaluronic acid/fibrinogen (COL/HA/FG) composite gel that encapsulated synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) for the repair of damaged articular cartilage. We first analyzed the suitability of the composite gel as a three-dimensional injectable cell carrier in vitro. In an in vivo rabbit model, the COL/HA/FG composite gel displayed the potential to regenerate and repair osteochondral defects in the knee. Culture of the SDSCs encapsulated COL/HA/FG composite gel in a chondrogenic medium resulted in high viability of the SDSCs and high expressions of type II collagen, aggrecan, and sox 9 mRNA. Moreover, glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen were accumulated within the extracellular matrix. In the animal model, the SDSCs encapsulated COL/HA/FG composite gel produced a hyaline-like cartilage construct. Twenty-four weeks after transplantation, the defects had been repaired with hyaline cartilage-like tissue that was densely stained by safranin-O and immunostained by a type II collagen antibody. This data suggest that the SDSC-encapsulated COL/HA/FG composite gel can be a good therapeutic candidate/strategy for repairing of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee CS, Burnsed OA, Raghuram V, Kalisvaart J, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Adipose stem cells can secrete angiogenic factors that inhibit hyaline cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:35. [PMID: 22920724 PMCID: PMC3580473 DOI: 10.1186/scrt126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose stem cells (ASCs) secrete many trophic factors that can stimulate tissue repair, including angiogenic factors, but little is known about how ASCs and their secreted factors influence cartilage regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects ASC-secreted factors have in repairing chondral defects. Methods ASCs isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats were cultured in monolayer or alginate microbeads supplemented with growth (GM) or chondrogenic medium (CM). Subsequent co-culture, conditioned media, and in vivo cartilage defect studies were performed. Results ASC monolayers and microbeads cultured in CM had decreased FGF-2 gene expression and VEGF-A secretion compared to ASCs cultured in GM. Chondrocytes co-cultured with GM-cultured ASCs for 7 days had decreased mRNAs for col2, comp, and runx2. Chondrocytes treated for 12 or 24 hours with conditioned medium from GM-cultured ASCs had reduced sox9, acan, and col2 mRNAs; reduced proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis; and increased apoptosis. ASC-conditioned medium also increased endothelial cell tube lengthening whereas conditioned medium from CM-cultured ASCs had no effect. Treating ASCs with CM reduced or abolished these deleterious effects while adding a neutralizing antibody for VEGF-A eliminated ASC-conditioned medium induced chondrocyte apoptosis and restored proteoglycan synthesis. FGF-2 also mitigated the deleterious effects VEGF-A had on chondrocyte apoptosis and phenotype. When GM-grown ASC pellets were implanted in 1 mm non-critical hyaline cartilage defects in vivo, cartilage regeneration was inhibited as evaluated by radiographic and equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent via microCT imaging. Histology revealed that defects with GM-cultured ASCs had no tissue ingrowth from the edges of the defect whereas empty defects and defects with CM-grown ASCs had similar amounts of neocartilage formation. Conclusions ASCs must be treated to reduce the secretion of VEGF-A and other factors that inhibit cartilage regeneration, which can significantly influence how ASCs are used for repairing hyaline cartilage.
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Gruber HE, Riley FE, Hoelscher GL, Bayoumi EM, Ingram JA, Ramp WK, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF. Osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of biomembrane cells from the PMMA-segmental defect rat model. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1198-212. [PMID: 22246998 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A layer of cells (the "biomembrane") has been identified in large segmental defects between bone and surgically placed methacrylate spacers or antibiotic-impregnated cement beads. We hypothesize that this contains a pluripotent stem cell population with potential valuable applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. Objectives using biomembranes harvested from rat segmental defects were to: (1) Culture biomembrane cells in specialized media to direct progenitor cells along bone or cartilage cell differentiation lineages; (2) evaluate harvested biomembranes for mesenchymal stem cell markers, and (3) define relevant gene expression patterns in harvested biomembranes using microarray analysis. Culture in osteogenic media produced mineralized nodules; culture in chondrogenic media produced masses containing chondroitin sulfate/sulfated proteoglycans. Molecular analysis of biomembrane cells versus control periosteum showed significant upregulation of key genes functioning in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, development, maintenance, and proliferation. Results identified significant upregulation of WNT receptor signaling pathway genes and significant upregulation of BMP signaling pathway genes. Findings confirm that the biomembrane has a pluripotent stem cell population. The ability to heal large bone defects is clinically challenging, and novel tissue engineering uses of the biomembrane hold great promise in treating non-unions, open fractures with large bone loss and/or infections, and defects associated with tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
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Wu J, Huang GTJ, He W, Wang P, Tong Z, Jia Q, Dong L, Niu Z, Ni L. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances stemness of human stem cells from the apical papilla. J Endod 2012; 38:614-22. [PMID: 22515889 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells found in the developing tissue, apical papilla, of immature permanent teeth. Studies have shown that SCAP are likely to be a source of primary odontoblasts that are responsible for the formation of root dentin. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a signaling molecule and pleiotropic growth factor involved in tooth root development, and it promotes proliferation of a variety of cell types. The effects of bFGF on SCAP, however, have not been examined. METHODS We investigated the regulatory effects of bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation potential of human SCAP in vitro. Changes in the cell cycle and proliferation, colony-forming unit-fibroblastic formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenic/dentinogenic differentiation, and stem cell gene makers of SCAP, cultured in the presence or absence of bFGF, were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with 5 ng/mL bFGF significantly increased SCAP proliferation and their colony-forming unit-fibroblastic formation efficiency. The growth factor also increased the expression of STRO-1 and the stem cell gene makers Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Rex1 in SCAP. In contrast, bFGF reduced the ALP activity, mineral nodule formation, and the expression of ALP, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. When SCAP cultures were expanded in the presence of bFGF for 1 week, subsequent stimulation of the osteogenic/dentinogenic condition resulted in enhanced differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Under certain conditions, bFGF enhances SCAP stemness by up-regulating stem cell gene expression, increasing proliferation ability, and potentiating differentiation potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Park JS, Shim MS, Shim SH, Yang HN, Jeon SY, Woo DG, Lee DR, Yoon TK, Park KH. Chondrogenic potential of stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, adipose tissue, or bone marrow encapsulated in fibrin gels containing TGF-β3. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8139-49. [PMID: 21840589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several types of hMSCs, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or amniotic fluid, were encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel mixed with TGF-β3 and then evaluated for their capacity for differentiation in vitro and in vivo. For determination of stem cell differentiation, RT-PCR, real time quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, and immunohistochemical assays were used for analysis of chondrogenesis. Using these analysis methods, several of the cultured hMSCS were found to highly express genes and proteins specific to cartilage forming tissues. Additionally, similar trends in expression were found in tissue recovered from nude mice transplanted with several types of hMSCs encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel containing TGF-β3. The results of both in vitro and in vivo analyses showed that cultured or transplanted hMSCs mixed with TGF-β3 in a fibrin hydrogel differentiated into chondrocytes, suggesting that these cells would be suitable for reconstruction of hyaline articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University 606-16, Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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