1
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Xing Y, Xiang F, Guo H, Gong H, Li Y. Reversibly immortalization establishes a hair follicle stem cell line with hair follicle reconstruction ability. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14999. [PMID: 38284187 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in the periodic regeneration of hair follicles. HFSCs are also a good model for stem cell biology research. However, no stable mouse HFSC cell line has been reported, which restricts the research and application of HFSCs. We isolated HFSCs from mouse hair follicles and immortalized them by inducing a reversible SV40 large T antigen. Through monoclonal screening, we identified a reversibly immortalized cell line, immortalized HFSC (iHFSC2). RNA sequencing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression patterns of iHFSC2 and HFSC were similar at the protein and mRNA levels. After that, iHFSC2s were passaged and morphologically monitored for up to 40 times to detect their long-term culture potential. The long-term cultured iHFSC2 could regenerate hair follicles with complete hair follicle structure and HFSCs in the bulge area. This work successfully established an HFSC cell line with the ability of hair follicle reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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2
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Lei M, Harn HIC, Li Q, Jiang J, Wu W, Zhou W, Jiang TX, Wang M, Zhang J, Lai YC, Juan WT, Widelitz RB, Yang L, Gu ZZ, Chuong CM. The mechano-chemical circuit drives skin organoid self-organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221982120. [PMID: 37643215 PMCID: PMC10483620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221982120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in organoids self-organize into tissue patterns with unknown mechanisms. Here, we use skin organoids to analyze this process. Cell behavior videos show that the morphological transformation from multiple spheroidal units with morphogenesis competence (CMU) to planar skin is characterized by two abrupt cell motility-increasing events before calming down. The self-organizing processes are controlled by a morphogenetic module composed of molecular sensors, modulators, and executers. Increasing dermal stiffness provides the initial driving force (driver) which activates Yap1 (sensor) in epidermal cysts. Notch signaling (modulator 1) in epidermal cyst tunes the threshold of Yap1 activation. Activated Yap1 induces Wnts and MMPs (epidermal executers) in basal cells to facilitate cellular flows, allowing epidermal cells to protrude out from the CMU. Dermal cell-expressed Rock (dermal executer) generates a stiff force bridge between two CMU and accelerates tissue mixing via activating Laminin and β1-integrin. Thus, this self-organizing coalescence process is controlled by a mechano-chemical circuit. Beyond skin, self-organization in organoids may use similar mechano-chemical circuit structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung40402, Taiwan
| | - Hans I-Chen Harn
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing400030, China
| | - Tin-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tau Juan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung40402, Taiwan
| | - Randall Bruce Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
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3
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Wang M, Zhou X, Zhou S, Wang M, Jiang J, Wu W, Liu T, Xu W, Zhang J, Liu D, Zou Y, Qiu W, Zhang M, Liu W, Li Z, Wang D, Li T, Li J, Liu W, Yang L, Lei M. Mechanical force drives the initial mesenchymal-epithelial interaction during skin organoid development. Theranostics 2023; 13:2930-2945. [PMID: 37284452 PMCID: PMC10240816 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Stem cells self-organize to form organoids that generate mini-organs that resemble the physiologically-developed ones. The mechanism by which the stem cells acquire the initial potential for generating mini-organs remains elusive. Here we used skin organoids as an example to study how mechanical force drives initial epidermal-dermal interaction which potentiates skin organoids to regenerate hair follicles. Methods: Live imaging analysis, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the contractile force of dermal cells in skin organoids. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis, calcium probe detection, and functional perturbations were used to verify that calcium signaling pathways respond to the contractile force of dermal cells. In vitro mechanical loading experiment was used to prove that the stretching force triggers the epidermal Piezo1 expression which negatively regulates dermal cell attachment. Transplantation assay was used to test the regenerative ability of skin organoids. Results: We found that dermal cell-derived contraction force drives the movement of dermal cells surrounding the epidermal aggregates to trigger initial mesenchymal-epithelial interaction (MEI). In response to dermal cell contraction force, the arrangement of the dermal cytoskeleton was negatively regulated by the calcium signaling pathway which further influences dermal-epidermal attachment. The native contraction force generated from the dermal cell movement exerts a stretching force on the adjacent epidermal cells, activating the stretching force sensor Piezo1 in the epidermal basal cells during organoid culture. Epidermal Piezo1 in turn drives strong MEI to negatively regulate dermal cell attachment. Proper initial MEI by mechanical-chemical coupling during organoid culture is required for hair regeneration upon transplantation of the skin organoids into the back of the nude mice. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that mechanical-chemical cascade drives the initial event of MEI during skin organoid development, which is fundamental to the organoid, developmental, and regenerative biology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Siyi Zhou
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wang Wu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Deming Liu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yi Zou
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weiming Qiu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeming Li
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dehuan Wang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tingting Li
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ji Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Yang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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4
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Abstract
Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of mechanisms in tissue engineering, the proliferation of HFs in vitro has achieved more promising trust for the treatments of alopecia and other skin impairments. Theoretically, HF organoids have great potential to develop into native HFs and attachments such as sweat glands after transplantation. However, since the rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiency, the induction characteristics of skin-derived cells gradually fade away along with their trichogenic capacity after continuous cell passaging in vitro. Therefore, ECM-mimicking support is an essential prelude before HF transplantation is implemented. This review summarizes the status of providing various epidermal and dermal cells with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to support the cell homeostasis and better mimic in vivo environments for the sake of HF regeneration. HF-relevant cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to be induced to form HF organoids in the vitro culture system. The niche microenvironment simulated by different forms of biomaterial scaffold can offer the cells a network of ordered growth environment to alleviate inductivity loss and promote the expression of functional proteins. The scaffolds often play the role of ECM substrates and bring about epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) through coculture to ensure the functional preservation of HF cells during in vitro passage. Functional HF organoids can be formed either before or after transplantation into the dermis layer. Here, we review and emphasize the importance of 3D culture in HF regeneration in vitro. Finally, the latest progress in treatment trials and critical analysis of the properties and benefits of different emerging biomaterials for HF regeneration along with the main challenges and prospects of HF regenerative approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
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5
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Zhao W, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Liang L, Liu B, Xu T. Adaptive multi-degree-of-freedom in situ bioprinting robot for hair-follicle-inclusive skin repair: A preliminary study conducted in mice. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10303. [PMID: 36176617 PMCID: PMC9472011 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as an essential barrier, protecting organisms from their environment. For skin trauma caused by accidental injuries, rapid healing, personalization, and functionality are vital requirements in clinical, which are the bottlenecks hindering the translation of skin repair from benchside to bedside. Herein, we described a novel design and a proof-of-concept demonstration of an adaptive bioprinting robot to proceed rapid in situ bioprinting on a full-thickness excisional wound in mice. The three-dimensional (3D) scanning and closed-loop visual system integrated in the robot and the multi-degree-of-freedom mechanism provide immediate, precise, and complete wound coverage through stereotactic bioprinting, which hits the key requirements of rapid-healing and personalization in skin repair. Combined with the robot, epidermal stem cells and skin-derived precursors isolated from neonatal mice mixed with Matrigel were directly printed into the injured area to replicate the skin structure. Excisional wounds after bioprinting showed complete wound healing and functional skin tissue regeneration that closely resembling native skin, including epidermis, dermis, blood vessels, hair follicles and sebaceous glands etc. This study provides an effective strategy for skin repair through the combination of the novel robot and a bioactive bioink, and has a promising clinical translational potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhao
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug DevelopmentCollege of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanPeople's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lun Liang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical EngineeringShangraoPeople's Republic of China
| | - Boxun Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
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6
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Safina I, Childress LT, Myneni SR, Vang KB, Biris AS. Cell-Biomaterial Constructs for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:63-94. [PMID: 35129408 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.2025387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, conventional skin grafts, such as full-thickness, split-thickness, and pre-sterilized grafts from human or animal sources, have been at the forefront of skin wound care. However, these conventional grafts are associated with major challenges, including supply shortage, rejection by the immune system, and disease transmission following transplantation. Due to recent progress in nanotechnology and material sciences, advanced artificial skin grafts-based on the fundamental concepts of tissue engineering-are quickly evolving for wound healing and regeneration applications, mainly because they can be uniquely tailored to meet the requirements of specific injuries. Despite tremendous progress in tissue engineering, many challenges and uncertainties still face skin grafts in vivo, such as how to effectively coordinate the interaction between engineered biomaterials and the immune system to prevent graft rejection. Furthermore, in-depth studies on skin regeneration at the molecular level are lacking; as a consequence, the development of novel biomaterial-based systems that interact with the skin at the core level has also been slow. This review will discuss 1) the biological aspects of wound healing and skin regeneration, 2) important characteristics and functions of biomaterials for skin regeneration applications, and 3) synthesis and applications of common biomaterials for skin regeneration. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of biomaterial-based skin regeneration will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Safina
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA
| | - Luke T Childress
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA
| | - Srinivas R Myneni
- Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Kieng Bao Vang
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA
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7
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes Promoted Hair Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:685-691. [PMID: 34173219 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid-derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 μg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2-3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. RESULTS The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.
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8
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Zhang Y, Enhejirigala, Yao B, Li Z, Song W, Li J, Zhu D, Wang Y, Duan X, Yuan X, Huang S, Fu X. Using bioprinting and spheroid culture to create a skin model with sweat glands and hair follicles. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab013. [PMID: 34213515 PMCID: PMC8240535 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sweat glands (SGs) and hair follicles (HFs) are two important cutaneous appendages that play crucial roles in homeostatic maintenance and thermoregulation, and their interaction is involved in wound healing. SGs can be regenerated from mesenchymal stem cell-laden 3D bioprinted scaffolds, based on our previous studies, whereas regeneration of HFs could not be achieved in the same model. Due to the lack of an in vitro model, the underlying molecular mechanism of the interaction between SGs and HFs in regeneration could not be fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to establish an in vitro model of skin constructs with SGs and HFs and explore the interaction between these two appendages in regeneration. Methods To investigate the interaction effects between SGs and HFs during their regeneration processes, a combined model was created by seeding HF spheroids on 3D printed SG scaffolds. The interaction between SG scaffolds and HF spheroids was detected using RNA expression and immunofluorescence staining. The effects of microenvironmental cues on SG and HF regeneration were analysed by altering seed cell types and plantar dermis homogenate in the scaffold. Results According to this model, we overcame the difficulties in simultaneously inducing SG and HF regeneration and explored the interaction effects between SG scaffolds and HF spheroids. Surprisingly, HF spheroids promoted both SG and HF differentiation in SG scaffolds, while SG scaffolds promoted SG differentiation but had little effect on HF potency in HF spheroids. Specifically, microenvironmental factors (plantar dermis homogenate) in SG scaffolds effectively promoted SG and HF genesis in HF spheroids, no matter what the seed cell type in SG scaffolds was, and the promotion effects were persistent. Conclusions Our approach elucidated a new model for SG and HF formation in vitro and provided an applicable platform to investigate the interaction between SGs and HFs in vitro. This platform might facilitate 3D skin constructs with multiple appendages and unveil the spatiotemporal molecular program of multiple appendage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Enhejirigala
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,College of Graduate, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Song
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongzhen Zhu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Datong 037000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianlan Duan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100048, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, China
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Advanced Medical Therapies in the Management of Non-Scarring Alopecia: Areata and Androgenic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218390. [PMID: 33182308 PMCID: PMC7664905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a challenging condition for both physicians and patients. Several topical, intralesional, oral, and surgical treatments have been developed in recent decades, but some of those therapies only provide partial improvement. Advanced medical therapies are medical products based on genes, cells, and/or tissue engineering products that have properties in regenerating, repairing, or replacing human tissue. In recent years, numerous applications have been described for advanced medical therapies. With this background, those therapies may have a role in the treatment of various types of alopecia such as alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia. The aim of this review is to provide dermatologists an overview of the different advanced medical therapies that have been applied in the treatment of alopecia, by reviewing clinical and basic research studies as well as ongoing clinical trials.
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Zhang Q, Wen J, Liu C, Ma C, Bai F, Leng X, Chen Z, Xie Z, Mi J, Wu X. Early-stage bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute formed by adult skin progenitor cells produces an improved skin structure in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32948249 PMCID: PMC7501683 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing highly complex tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs) for wound healing. However, the lack of skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, and the time required, are two major limitations that hinder its broad application in the clinic. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a competent TESS in a short time to meet the needs for clinical applications. METHODS Adult scalp dermal progenitor cells and epidermal stem cells together with type I collagen as a scaffold material were used to reconstitute bilayer TESSs in vitro. TESSs at 4 different culture times (5, 9, 14, and 21 days) were collected and then grafted onto full-thickness wounds created in the dorsal skin of athymic nude/nude mice. The skin specimens formed from grafted TESSs were collected 4 and 8 weeks later and then evaluated for their structure, cell organization, differentiation status, vascularization, and formation of appendages by histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS Early-stage bilayer TESSs after transplantation had a better efficiency of grafting. A normal structure of stratified epidermis containing multiple differentiated layers of keratinocytes was formed in all grafts from both early-stage and late-stage TESSs, but higher levels of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the epidermal progenitor marker p63 were found in the epidermis formed from early-stage TESSs. Interestingly, the transplantation of early-stage TESSs produced a thicker dermis that contained more vimentin- and CD31-positive cells, and importantly, hair follicle formation was only observed in the skin grafted from early-stage TESSs. Finally, early-stage TESSs expressed high levels of p63 but had low expression levels of genes involved in the activation of the apoptotic pathway compared to the late-stage TESSs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Early-stage bilayer TESSs reconstituted from skin progenitor cells contained more competent cells with less activation of the apoptotic pathway and produced a better skin structure, including hair follicles associated with sebaceous glands, after transplantation, which should potentially provide better wound healing when applied in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Przekora A. A Concise Review on Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Grafts for Chronic Wound Treatment: Can We Reconstruct Functional Skin Tissue In Vitro? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071622. [PMID: 32640572 PMCID: PMC7407512 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds occur as a consequence of a prolonged inflammatory phase during the healing process, which precludes skin regeneration. Typical treatment for chronic wounds includes application of autografts, allografts collected from cadaver, and topical delivery of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. Nevertheless, the mentioned therapies are not sufficient for extensive or deep wounds. Moreover, application of allogeneic skin grafts carries high risk of rejection and treatment failure. Advanced therapies for chronic wounds involve application of bioengineered artificial skin substitutes to overcome graft rejection as well as topical delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to reduce inflammation and accelerate the healing process. This review focuses on the concept of skin tissue engineering, which is a modern approach to chronic wound treatment. The aim of the article is to summarize common therapies for chronic wounds and recent achievements in the development of bioengineered artificial skin constructs, including analysis of biomaterials and cells widely used for skin graft production. This review also presents attempts to reconstruct nerves, pigmentation, and skin appendages (hair follicles, sweat glands) using artificial skin grafts as well as recent trends in the engineering of biomaterials, aiming to produce nanocomposite skin substitutes (nanofilled polymer composites) with controlled antibacterial activity. Finally, the article describes the composition, advantages, and limitations of both newly developed and commercially available bioengineered skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Weng T, Wu P, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Li Q, Jin R, Chen H, You C, Guo S, Han C, Wang X. Regeneration of skin appendages and nerves: current status and further challenges. J Transl Med 2020; 18:53. [PMID: 32014004 PMCID: PMC6996190 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin (TES), as an analogue of native skin, is promising for wound repair and regeneration. However, a major drawback of TES products is a lack of skin appendages and nerves to enhance skin healing, structural integrity and skin vitality. Skin appendages and nerves are important constituents for fully functional skin. To date, many studies have yielded remarkable results in the field of skin appendages reconstruction and nerve regeneration. However, patients often complain about a loss of skin sensation and even cutaneous chronic pain. Restoration of pain, temperature, and touch perceptions should now be a major challenge to solve in order to improve patients’ quality of life. Current strategies to create skin appendages and sensory nerve regeneration are mainly based on different types of seeding cells, scaffold materials, bioactive factors and involved signaling pathways. This article provides a comprehensive overview of different strategies for, and advances in, skin appendages and sensory nerve regeneration, which is an important issue in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yurong Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haojiao Chen
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Su Y, Wen J, Zhu J, Xie Z, Liu C, Ma C, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wu X. Pre-aggregation of scalp progenitor dermal and epidermal stem cells activates the WNT pathway and promotes hair follicle formation in in vitro and in vivo systems. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 31856904 PMCID: PMC6921573 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Billions of dollars are invested annually by pharmaceutical companies in search of new options for treating hair loss conditions; nevertheless, the challenge remains. One major limitation to hair follicle research is the lack of effective and efficient drug screening systems using human cells. Organoids, three-dimensional in vitro structures derived from stem cells, provide new opportunities for studying organ development, tissue regeneration, and disease pathogenesis. The present study focuses on the formation of human hair follicle organoids. METHODS Scalp-derived dermal progenitor cells mixed with foreskin-derived epidermal stem cells at a 2:1 ratio aggregated in suspension to form hair follicle-like organoids, which were confirmed by immunostaining of hair follicle markers and by molecular dye labeling assays to analyze dermal and epidermal cell organization in those organoids. The hair-forming potential of organoids was examined using an in vivo transplantation assay. RESULTS Pre-aggregation of dermal and epidermal cells enhanced hair follicle formation in vivo. In vitro pre-aggregation initiated the interactions of epidermal and dermal progenitor cells resulting in activation of the WNT pathway and the formation of pear-shape structures, named type I aggregates. Cell-tracing analysis showed that the dermal and epidermal cells self-assembled into distinct epidermal and dermal compartments. Histologically, the type I aggregates expressed early hair follicle markers, suggesting the hair peg-like phase of hair follicle morphogenesis. The addition of recombinant WNT3a protein to the medium enhanced the formation of these aggregates, and the Wnt effect could be blocked by the WNT inhibitor, IWP2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our system supports the rapid formation of a large number of hair follicle organoids (type I aggregates). This system provides a platform for studying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, for assessing inductive hair stem cells and for screening compounds that support hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Su
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Junrong Zhu
- Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Wnt activator CHIR99021-stimulated human dermal papilla spheroids contribute to hair follicle formation and production of reconstituted follicle-enriched human skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Dong Y, Liu Z, Qi F, Jin L, Zhang L, Zhu N. Polyethylene-Glycol-Ornamented Small Intestinal Submucosa Biosponge for Skin Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2457-2465. [PMID: 33405753 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fazhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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17
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Weber EL, Woolley TE, Yeh CY, Ou KL, Maini PK, Chuong CM. Self-organizing hair peg-like structures from dissociated skin progenitor cells: New insights for human hair follicle organoid engineering and Turing patterning in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:355-366. [PMID: 30681746 PMCID: PMC6488368 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human skin progenitor cells will form new hair follicles, although at a low efficiency, when injected into nude mouse skin. To better study and improve upon this regenerative process, we developed an in vitro system to analyse the morphogenetic cell behaviour in detail and modulate physical-chemical parameters to more effectively generate hair primordia. In this three-dimensional culture, dissociated human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes self-assembled into a planar epidermal layer while fetal scalp dermal cells coalesced into stripes, then large clusters, and finally small clusters resembling dermal condensations. At sites of dermal clustering, subjacent epidermal cells protruded to form hair peg-like structures, molecularly resembling hair pegs within the sequence of follicular development. The hair peg-like structures emerged in a coordinated, formative wave, moving from periphery to centre, suggesting that the droplet culture constitutes a microcosm with an asymmetric morphogenetic field. In vivo, hair follicle populations also form in a progressive wave, implying the summation of local periodic patterning events with an asymmetric global influence. To further understand this global patterning process, we developed a mathematical simulation using Turing activator-inhibitor principles in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. Together, our culture system provides a suitable platform to (a) analyse the self-assembly behaviour of hair progenitor cells into periodically arranged hair primordia and (b) identify parameters that impact the formation of hair primordia in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. This understanding will enhance our future ability to successfully engineer human hair follicle organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Weber
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas E. Woolley
- Cardiff School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Chao-Yuan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kuang-Ling Ou
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Paik SH, Choi S, Jang S, Jo S, Kim KH, Kwon O. Skin equivalent assay: An optimized method for testing for hair growth reconstitution capacity of epidermal and dermal cells. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:367-373. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Paik
- Department of DermatologySeoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
- Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Soon‐Jin Choi
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Sunhyae Jang
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Seong‐Jin Jo
- Department of DermatologySeoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of DermatologySeoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of DermatologySeoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface BiologySeoul National University Seoul Korea
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Skin Stem Cells, Their Niche and Tissue Engineering Approach for Skin Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:107-126. [PMID: 31065940 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the main organ that covers the human body and acts as a protective barrier between the human body and the environment. Skin tissue as a stem cell source can be used for transplantation in therapeutic application in terms of its properties such as abundant, easy to access, high plasticity and high ability to regenerate. The immunological profile of these cells makes it a suitable resource for autologous and allogeneic applications. The lack of major histo-compatibility complex 1 is also advantageous in its use. Epidermal stem cells are the main stem cells in the skin and are suitable cells in tissue engineering studies for their important role in wound repair. In the last 30 years, many studies have been conducted to develop substitutions that mimic human skin. Stem cell-based skin substitutions have been developed to be used in clinical applications, to support the healing of acute and chronic wounds and as test systems for dermatological and pharmacological applications. In this chapter, tissue specific properties of epidermal stem cells, composition of their niche, regenerative approaches and repair of tissue degeneration have been examined.
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Leng X, Wang P, Chen Z, Li D, Wen J, Zhang X, Qian H, Guo J, Wu X. Dissociated skin cells regenerate hair follicles in a microwound, “The Punch Assay”. Exp Dermatol 2018; 29:349-356. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Leng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Out‐patient SurgeryQilu HospitalShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Urinary SurgeryQilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dingyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jie Wen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hua Qian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jing Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University Suzhou Jiangsu China
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Qiao J, Zhang S, Liu S, Li N, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Duan E. Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate in Vivo Epidermal Structures. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2071-2082. [PMID: 27302156 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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22
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Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are epithelial cells that inhabit in the bulge region of hair follicles. They govern development of hair follicle as well as periodically regeneration of hair follicle. Under special condition, they also play roles in homeostasis of skin and other skin appendages. To characterize HFSCs in vitro, HFSCs must be isolated and cultured. In this chapter, we introduce a mechanical method to isolate HFSCs from mouse vibrissa hair follicle, and a modified method to culture isolated HFSCs. We also describe methods to characterize HFSCs, including clone formation assay and chamber graft assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Self-organization process in newborn skin organoid formation inspires strategy to restore hair regeneration of adult cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7101-E7110. [PMID: 28798065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700475114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids made from dissociated progenitor cells undergo tissue-like organization. This in vitro self-organization process is not identical to embryonic organ formation, but it achieves a similar phenotype in vivo. This implies genetic codes do not specify morphology directly; instead, complex tissue architectures may be achieved through several intermediate layers of cross talk between genetic information and biophysical processes. Here we use newborn and adult skin organoids for analyses. Dissociated cells from newborn mouse skin form hair primordia-bearing organoids that grow hairs robustly in vivo after transplantation to nude mice. Detailed time-lapse imaging of 3D cultures revealed unexpected morphological transitions between six distinct phases: dissociated cells, cell aggregates, polarized cysts, cyst coalescence, planar skin, and hair-bearing skin. Transcriptome profiling reveals the sequential expression of adhesion molecules, growth factors, Wnts, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Functional perturbations at different times discern their roles in regulating the switch from one phase to another. In contrast, adult cells form small aggregates, but then development stalls in vitro. Comparative transcriptome analyses suggest suppressing epidermal differentiation in adult cells is critical. These results inspire a strategy that can restore morphological transitions and rescue the hair-forming ability of adult organoids: (i) continuous PKC inhibition and (ii) timely supply of growth factors (IGF, VEGF), Wnts, and MMPs. This comprehensive study demonstrates that alternating molecular events and physical processes are in action during organoid morphogenesis and that the self-organizing processes can be restored via environmental reprogramming. This tissue-level phase transition could drive self-organization behavior in organoid morphogenies beyond the skin.
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24
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Xiao SE, Miao Y, Wang J, Jiang W, Fan ZX, Liu XM, Hu ZQ. As a carrier-transporter for hair follicle reconstitution, platelet-rich plasma promotes proliferation and induction of mouse dermal papilla cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1125. [PMID: 28442778 PMCID: PMC5430928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of hair follicles during development and in hair reconstitution assays involves complex interactions between epithelial cells and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). DPCs may be a source of cells for hair regeneration in alopecia patients. Reconstitution of engineered hair follicles requires in vitro culture of trichogenic cells, a three-dimensional scaffolds, and biomolecular signals. However, DPCs tend to lose their biological activity when cultured as trichogenic cells, and scaffolds currently used for hair follicle regeneration lack biological efficiency and biocompatibility. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel forms a three-dimensional scaffold that can release endogenous growth factors, is mitogenic for a variety of cell types and is used in model tissue repair and regeneration systems. We found that 5% activated PRP significantly enhanced cell proliferation and hair-inductive capability of mouse and human DPCs in vitro and promoted mouse hair follicle formation in vivo. PRP also formed a three-dimensional gel after activation. We used PRP gel as a scaffold to form many de novo hair follicles on a plane surface, showing it to be candidate bioactive scaffold capable of releasing endogenous growth factors for cell-based hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-E Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhe-Xiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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25
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Wu HJ, Oh JW, Spandau DF, Tholpady S, Diaz J, Schroeder LJ, Offutt CD, Glick AB, Plikus MV, Koyama S, Foley J. Estrogen modulates mesenchyme-epidermis interactions in the adult nipple. Development 2017; 144:1498-1509. [PMID: 28289136 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of specialized epidermis requires signals from the underlying mesenchyme; however, the specific pathways involved remain to be identified. By recombining cells from the ventral skin of the K14-PTHrP transgenic mice [which overexpress parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in their developing epidermis and mammary glands] with those from wild type, we show that transgenic stroma is sufficient to reprogram wild-type keratinocytes into nipple-like epidermis. To identify candidate nipple-specific signaling factors, we compared gene expression signatures of sorted Pdgfrα-positive ventral K14-PTHrP and wild-type fibroblasts, identifying differentially expressed transcripts that are involved in WNT, HGF, TGFβ, IGF, BMP, FGF and estrogen signaling. Considering that some of the growth factor pathways are targets for estrogen regulation, we examined the upstream role of this hormone in maintaining the nipple. Ablation of estrogen signaling through ovariectomy produced nipples with abnormally thin epidermis, and we identified TGFβ as a negatively regulated target of estrogen signaling. Estrogen treatment represses Tgfβ1 at the transcript and protein levels in K14-PTHrP fibroblasts in vitro, while ovariectomy increases Tgfb1 levels in K14-PTHrP ventral skin. Moreover, ectopic delivery of Tgfβ1 protein into nipple connective tissue reduced epidermal proliferation. Taken together, these results show that specialized nipple epidermis is maintained by estrogen-induced repression of TGFβ signaling in the local fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Jung Wu
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sunil Tholpady
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jesus Diaz
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Laura J Schroeder
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Carlos D Offutt
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John Foley
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA .,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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26
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Mohammadi P, Youssef KK, Abbasalizadeh S, Baharvand H, Aghdami N. Human Hair Reconstruction: Close, But Yet So Far. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1767-1779. [PMID: 27649771 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Billions of dollars are annually invested in pharmaceutical industry and cosmetic sector with intent to develop new drugs and treatment strategies for alopecia. Because the hair looks an important characteristic of humans-an effective appendage in perception, expression of beauty, and preservation of self-esteem-the global market for hair loss treatment products is exponentially increasing. However, current methods to treat hair loss endure yet multiple challenges, such as unfavorable outcomes, nonpermanent and patient-dependent results, as well as unpredictable impacts, which limit their application. Over recent years, remarkable advances in the fields of regenerative medicine and hair tissue engineering have raised new hopes for introducing novel cell-based approaches to treat hair loss. Through cell-based approaches, it is possible to produce hair-like structures in the laboratory setting or manipulate cells in their native niche (in vivo lineage reprogramming) to reconstruct the hair follicle. However, challenging issues still exist with the functionality of cultured human hair cells, the proper selection of nonhair cell sources in cases of shortage of donor hair, and the development of defined culture conditions. Moreover, in the case of in vivo lineage reprogramming, selecting appropriate induction factors and their efficient delivery to guide resident cells into a hair fate-with the aim of reconstructing functional hair-still needs further explorations. In this study, we highlight recent advances and current challenges in hair loss treatment using cell-based approaches and provide novel insights for crucial steps, which must be taken into account to develop reproducible, safe, and efficient cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohammadi
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Kass Youssef
- 3 Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH , San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Qiao J, Zhang S, Liu S, Li N, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Duan E. Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate in Vivo Epidermal Structures. Cell Transplant 2016. [DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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28
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Casale C, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Endogenous human skin equivalent promotes in vitro morphogenesis of follicle-like structures. Biomaterials 2016; 101:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Zhou L, Yang K, Xu M, Andl T, Millar SE, Boyce S, Zhang Y. Activating β-catenin signaling in CD133-positive dermal papilla cells increases hair inductivity. FEBS J 2016; 283:2823-35. [PMID: 27312243 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering hair follicles using cells isolated from human tissue remains a difficult task. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are known to guide the growth and cycling activities of hair follicles by interacting with keratinocytes. However, DP cells quickly lose their inductivity during in vitro passaging. Rodent DP cell cultures need external addition of growth factors, including WNT and BMP molecules, to maintain the hair inductive property. CD133 is expressed by a subpopulation of DP cells that are capable of inducing hair follicle formation in vivo. We report here that expression of a stabilized form of β-catenin promoted clonal growth of CD133-positive (CD133+) DP cells in in vitro three-dimensional hydrogel culture while maintaining expression of DP markers, including alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD133, and integrin α8. After a 2-week in vitro culture, cultured CD133+ DP cells with up-regulated β-catenin activity led to an accelerated in vivo hair growth in reconstituted skin compared to control cells. Further analysis showed that matrix cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly promoted in hair follicles when β-catenin signaling was up-regulated in CD133+ DP cells. Our data highlight an important role for β-catenin signaling in promoting the inductive capability of CD133+ DP cells for in vitro expansion and in vivo hair follicle regeneration, which could potentially be applied to cultured human DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Steven Boyce
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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30
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Ojeh N, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Stojadinovic O. Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25476-501. [PMID: 26512657 PMCID: PMC4632811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has an array of functions. Skin compartments, epidermis, and hair follicles house stem cells that are indispensable for skin homeostasis and regeneration. These stem cells also contribute to wound repair, resulting in restoration of tissue integrity and function of damaged tissue. Unsuccessful wound healing processes often lead to non-healing wounds. Chronic wounds are caused by depletion of stem cells and a variety of other cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are still poorly understood. Current chronic wound therapies are limited, so the search to develop better therapeutic strategies is ongoing. Adult stem cells are gaining recognition as potential candidates for numerous skin pathologies. In this review, we will discuss epidermal and other stem cells present in the skin, and highlight some of the therapeutic applications of epidermal stem cells and other adult stem cells as tools for cell/scaffold-based therapies for non-healing wounds and other skin disorders. We will also discuss emerging concepts and offer some perspectives on how skin tissue-engineered products can be optimized to provide efficacious therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown BB 11000, St. Michael, Barbados; E-Mail:
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-7295; Fax: +1-305-243-6191
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31
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Wu X, Scott L, Washenik K, Stenn K. Full-thickness skin with mature hair follicles generated from tissue culture expanded human cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:3314-21. [PMID: 25074625 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of regenerative medicine is to reconstruct fully functional organs from tissue culture expanded human cells. In this study, we report a method for human reconstructed skin (hRSK) when starting with human cells. We implanted tissue culture expanded human epidermal and dermal cells into an excision wound on the back of immunodeficient mice. Pigmented skin covered the wound 4 weeks after implantation. Hair shafts were visible at 12 weeks and prominent at 14 weeks. Histologically, the hRSK comprises an intact epidermis and dermis with mature hair follicles, sebaceous glands and most notably, and unique to this system, subcutis. Morphogenesis, differentiation, and maturation of the hRSK mirror the human fetal process. Human antigen markers demonstrate that the constituent cells are of human origin for at least 6 months. The degree of new skin formation is most complete when using tissue culture expanded cells from fetal skin, but it also occurs with expanded newborn and adult cells; however, no appendages formed when we grafted both adult dermal and epidermal cells. The hRSK system promises to be valuable as a laboratory model for studying biological, pathological, and pharmaceutical problems of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Wu
- Aderans Research Institute, Inc. , Marietta, Georgia
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32
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhao H, Qiao J, Liu S, Deng Z, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Duan E. Ovine Hair Follicle Stem Cells Derived from Single Vibrissae Reconstitute Haired Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17779-97. [PMID: 26247934 PMCID: PMC4581221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) possess fascinating self-renewal capacity and multipotency, which play important roles in mammalian hair growth and skin wound repair. Although HFSCs from other mammalian species have been obtained, the characteristics of ovine HFSCs, as well as the methods to isolate them have not been well addressed. Here, we report an efficient strategy to obtain multipotent ovine HFSCs. Through microdissection and organ culture, we obtained keratinocytes that grew from the bulge area of vibrissa hair follicles, and even abundant keratinocytes were harvested from a single hair follicle. These bulge-derived keratinocytes are highly positive for Krt15, Krt14, Tp63, Krt19 and Itga6; in addition to their strong proliferation abilities in vitro, these keratinocytes formed new epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands in skin reconstitution experiments, showing that these are HFSCs from the bulge outer root sheath. Taken together, we developed an efficient in vitro system to enrich ovine HFSCs, providing enough HFSCs for the investigations about the ovine hair cycle, aiming to promote wool production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhili Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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33
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Balañá ME, Charreau HE, Leirós GJ. Epidermal stem cells and skin tissue engineering in hair follicle regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:711-27. [PMID: 26029343 PMCID: PMC4444612 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstitution of a fully organized and functional hair follicle from dissociated cells propagated under defined tissue culture conditions is a challenge still pending in tissue engineering. The loss of hair follicles caused by injuries or pathologies such as alopecia not only affects the patients' psychological well-being, but also endangers certain inherent functions of the skin. It is then of great interest to find different strategies aiming to regenerate or neogenerate the hair follicle under conditions proper of an adult individual. Based upon current knowledge on the epithelial and dermal cells and their interactions during the embryonic hair generation and adult hair cycling, many researchers have tried to obtain mature hair follicles using different strategies and approaches depending on the causes of hair loss. This review summarizes current advances in the different experimental strategies to regenerate or neogenerate hair follicles, with emphasis on those involving neogenesis of hair follicles in adult individuals using isolated cells and tissue engineering. Most of these experiments were performed using rodent cells, particularly from embryonic or newborn origin. However, no successful strategy to generate human hair follicles from adult cells has yet been reported. This review identifies several issues that should be considered to achieve this objective. Perhaps the most important challenge is to provide three-dimensional culture conditions mimicking the structure of living tissue. Improving culture conditions that allow the expansion of specific cells while protecting their inductive properties, as well as methods for selecting populations of epithelial stem cells, should give us the necessary tools to overcome the difficulties that constrain human hair follicle neogenesis. An analysis of patent trends shows that the number of patent applications aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neogenesis has been increasing during the last decade. This field is attractive not only to academic researchers but also to the companies that own almost half of the patents in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Balañá
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Eduardo Charreau
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo José Leirós
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Su YS, Miao Y, Jiang JD, Liu H, Hu J, Hu ZQ. A simple and rapid model for hair-follicle regeneration in the nude mouse. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:653-8. [PMID: 25623661 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods for hair-follicle regeneration are important tools for investigating signalling and cytokines during hair-follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Several animal models for hair reconstitution have been established; however, these models have several shortcomings. AIM To develop a simple and rapid model for hair induction in nude mouse. METHODS We designed an improved flap model (IFM) for hair regeneration based on the existing flap assay. Histological sections and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the regenerated hair. The fates of grafted cells were traced by fluorescence. The time required for hair induction was analysed and compared. RESULTS IFM produced a large number of normal hairs, and the time required for hair induction using IFM was 20.67 ± 0.67 days, compared with 29.33 ± 0.67 days for the traditional flap assay. CONCLUSIONS The time required for hair regeneration is considerably shortened with IFM. We speculate that this is due to increased blood supply at the transplantation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Miao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-D Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Shenzhen Baoan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Shenzhen Baoan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z-Q Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Phansalkar K, Patil N, Ramani A. A brief overview of the role of drugs and novel methodologies on the stability and growth of hair follicles: an approach towards hair regeneration. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:331. [PMID: 24596810 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7341.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Phansalkar
- Student, Department of Advanced Clinical Research, University of Mumbai , India
| | - Nrupa Patil
- Student, Department of Microbiology, University of Mumbai , India
| | - Anand Ramani
- Student, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cologne , Germany
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Cerqueira MT, da Silva LP, Santos TC, Pirraco RP, Correlo VM, Marques AP, Reis RL. Human skin cell fractions fail to self-organize within a gellan gum/hyaluronic acid matrix but positively influence early wound healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1369-78. [PMID: 24299468 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-thickness autografts still are the current gold standard to treat skin, upon severe injuries. Nonetheless, autografts are dependent on donor site availability and often associated to poor quality neoskin. The generation of dermal-epidermal substitutes by tissue engineering is seen as a promising strategy to overcome this problematic. However, solutions that can be safely and conveniently transplanted in one single surgical intervention are still very challenging as their production normally requires long culture time, and graft survival is many times compromised by delayed vascularization upon transplantation. This work intended to propose a strategy that circumvents the prolonged and laborious preparation period of skin substitutes and allows skin cells self-organization toward improved healing. Human dermal/epidermal cell fractions were entrapped directly from isolation within a gellan gum/hyaluronic acid (GG-HA) spongy-like hydrogel formed from an off-the-shelf dried polymeric network. Upon transplantation into full-thickness mice wounds, the proposed constructs accelerated the wound closure rate and re-epithelialization, as well as tissue neovascularization. A synergistic effect of the GG-HA matrix and the transplanted cells over those processes was demonstrated at early time points. Despite the human-derived and chimeric blood vessels found, the proposed matrix did not succeed in prolonging cells residence time and in sustaining the self-organization of transplanted human cells possibly due to primitive degradation. Despite this, the herein proposed approach open the opportunity to tackle wound healing at early stages contributing to re-epithelialization and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana T Cerqueira
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
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Environmental reprogramming and molecular profiling in reconstitution of human hair follicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19658-9. [PMID: 24272942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319413110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Sriwiriyanont P, Lynch KA, McFarland KL, Supp DM, Boyce ST. Characterization of hair follicle development in engineered skin substitutes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65664. [PMID: 23799033 PMCID: PMC3684595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of skin appendages in engineered skin substitutes has been limited by lack of trichogenic potency in cultured postnatal cells. To investigate the feasibility and the limitation of hair regeneration, engineered skin substitutes were prepared with chimeric populations of cultured human keratinocytes from neonatal foreskins and cultured murine dermal papilla cells from adult GFP transgenic mice and grafted orthotopically to full-thickness wounds on athymic mice. Non-cultured dissociated neonatal murine-only skin cells, or cultured human-only skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts without dermal papilla cells served as positive and negative controls respectively. In this study, neonatal murine-only skin substitutes formed external hairs and sebaceous glands, chimeric skin substitutes formed pigmented hairs without sebaceous glands, and human-only skin substitutes formed no follicles or glands. Although chimeric hair cannot erupt readily, removal of upper skin layer exposed keratinized hair shafts at the skin surface. Development of incomplete pilosebaceous units in chimeric hair corresponded with upregulation of hair-related genes, LEF1 and WNT10B, and downregulation of a marker of sebaceous glands, Steroyl-CoA desaturase. Transepidermal water loss was normal in all conditions. This study demonstrated that while sebaceous glands may be involved in hair eruption, they are not required for hair development in engineered skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penkanok Sriwiriyanont
- School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaari A. Lynch
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. McFarland
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dorothy M. Supp
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Boyce
- School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Blais M, Parenteau-Bareil R, Cadau S, Berthod F. Concise review: tissue-engineered skin and nerve regeneration in burn treatment. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:545-51. [PMID: 23734060 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns not only destroy the barrier function of the skin but also alter the perceptions of pain, temperature, and touch. Different strategies have been developed over the years to cover deep and extensive burns with the ultimate goal of regenerating the barrier function of the epidermis while recovering an acceptable aesthetic aspect. However, patients often complain about a loss of skin sensation and even cutaneous chronic pain. Cutaneous nerve regeneration can occur from the nerve endings of the wound bed, but it is often compromised by scar formation or anarchic wound healing. Restoration of pain, temperature, and touch perceptions should now be a major challenge to solve in order to improve patients' quality of life. In addition, the cutaneous nerve network has been recently highlighted to play an important role in epidermal homeostasis and may be essential at least in the early phase of wound healing through the induction of neurogenic inflammation. Although the nerve regeneration process was studied largely in the context of nerve transections, very few studies have been aimed at developing strategies to improve it in the context of cutaneous wound healing. In this concise review, we provide a description of the characteristics of and current treatments for extensive burns, including tissue-engineered skin approaches to improve cutaneous nerve regeneration, and describe prospective uses for autologous skin-derived adult stem cells to enhance recovery of the skin's sense of touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Blais
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, and Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Chueh SC, Lin SJ, Chen CC, Lei M, Wang LM, Widelitz R, Hughes MW, Jiang TX, Chuong CM. Therapeutic strategy for hair regeneration: hair cycle activation, niche environment modulation, wound-induced follicle neogenesis, and stem cell engineering. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:377-91. [PMID: 23289545 PMCID: PMC3706200 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.739601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are major new advancements in the fields of stem cell biology, developmental biology, regenerative hair cycling, and tissue engineering. The time is ripe to integrate, translate, and apply these findings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Readers will learn about new progress in cellular and molecular aspects of hair follicle development, regeneration, and potential therapeutic opportunities these advances may offer. AREAS COVERED Here, we use hair follicle formation to illustrate this progress and to identify targets for potential strategies in therapeutics. Hair regeneration is discussed in four different categories: i) Intra-follicle regeneration (or renewal) is the basic production of hair fibers from hair stem cells and dermal papillae in existing follicles. ii) Chimeric follicles via epithelial-mesenchymal recombination to identify stem cells and signaling centers. iii) Extra-follicular factors including local dermal and systemic factors can modulate the regenerative behavior of hair follicles, and may be relatively easy therapeutic targets. iv) Follicular neogenesis means the de novo formation of new follicles. In addition, scientists are working to engineer hair follicles, which require hair-forming competent epidermal cells and hair-inducing dermal cells. EXPERT OPINION Ideally self-organizing processes similar to those occurring during embryonic development should be elicited with some help from biomaterials.
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Woo WM, Atwood SX, Zhen HH, Oro AE. Rapid genetic analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling during hair regeneration. J Vis Exp 2013:e4344. [PMID: 23486463 PMCID: PMC3622109 DOI: 10.3791/4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an attractive model system to study organ development and tissue-specific signaling. Although hair follicle development is genetically tractable, fast and reproducible analysis of factors essential for this process remains a challenge. Here we describe a procedure to generate targeted overexpression or shRNA-mediated knockdown of factors using lentivirus in a tissue-specific manner. Using a modified version of a hair regeneration model 5, 6, 11, we can achieve robust gain- or loss-of-function analysis in primary mouse keratinocytes or dermal cells to facilitate study of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling pathways that lead to hair follicle morphogenesis. We describe how to isolate fresh primary mouse keratinocytes and dermal cells, which contain dermal papilla cells and their precursors, deliver lentivirus containing either shRNA or cDNA to one of the cell populations, and combine the cells to generate fully formed hair follicles on the backs of nude mice. This approach allows analysis of tissue-specific factors required to generate hair follicles within three weeks and provides a fast and convenient companion to existing genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Meng Woo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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The mouse excisional wound splinting model, including applications for stem cell transplantation. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:302-9. [PMID: 23329003 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mouse excisional wound healing model has been used extensively to study wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. However, as mouse skin is mobile, contraction accounts for a large part of wound closure. In the mouse excisional wound splinting model, a splinting ring tightly adheres to the skin around the wound, preventing local skin contraction. The wound therefore heals through granulation and re-epithelialization, a process similar to that occurring in humans. The model, which takes 2-4 weeks to carry out, can be used to study the effects of stem cells on cutaneous repair or regeneration. In this protocol, we also describe how to implant stem cells onto the wound bed in Matrigel and/or into the surrounding tissue through injection. Serial wound tissue samples at different time points can be harvested to monitor the engraftment and the effects of stem cells in angiogenesis and wound healing.
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Sasai Y, Eiraku M, Suga H. In vitro organogenesis in three dimensions: self-organising stem cells. Development 2013; 139:4111-21. [PMID: 23093423 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organ formation during embryogenesis is a complex process that involves various local cell-cell interactions at the molecular and mechanical levels. Despite this complexity, organogenesis can be modelled in vitro. In this article, we focus on two recent examples in which embryonic stem cells can self-organise into three-dimensional structures - the optic cup and the pituitary epithelium; and one case of self-organising adult stem cells - the gut epithelium. We summarise how these approaches have revealed intrinsic programs that drive locally autonomous modes of organogenesis and homeostasis. We also attempt to interpret the results of previous in vivo studies of retinal development in light of the self-organising nature of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sasai
- Neurogenesis and Organogenesis Group, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.
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Chuong CM, Yeh CY, Jiang TX, Widelitz R. Module-based complexity formation: periodic patterning in feathers and hairs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 2:97-112. [PMID: 23539312 PMCID: PMC3607644 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterns describe order which emerges from homogeneity. Complex patterns on the integument are striking because of their visibility throughout an organism’s lifespan. Periodic patterning is an effective design because the ensemble of hair or feather follicles (modules) allows the generation of complexity, including regional variations and cyclic regeneration, giving the skin appendages a new lease on life. Spatial patterns include the arrangements of feathers and hairs in specific number, size, and spacing.We explorehowa field of equivalent progenitor cells can generate periodically arranged modules based on genetic information, physical–chemical rules and developmental timing. Reconstitution experiments suggest a competitive equilibrium regulated by activators/inhibitors involving Turing reaction-diffusion. Temporal patterns result from oscillating stem cell activities within each module (microenvironment regulation), reflected as growth (anagen) and resting (telogen) phases during the cycling of feather and hair follicles. Stimulating modules with activators initiates the spread of regenerative hair waves, while global inhibitors outside each module (macroenvironment) prevent this. Different wave patterns can be simulated by cellular automata principles. Hormonal status and seasonal changes can modulate appendage phenotypes, leading to ‘organ metamorphosis’, with multiple ectodermal organ phenotypes generated from the same precursors. We discuss potential novel evolutionary steps using this module-based complexity in several amniote integument organs, exemplified by the spectacular peacock feather pattern. We thus explore the application of the acquired knowledge of patterning in tissue engineering. New hair follicles can be generated after wounding. Hairs and feathers can be reconstituted through self-organization of dissociated progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA,
| | - Chao-Yuan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA,
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA,
| | - Randall Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA,
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Sriwiriyanont P, Lynch KA, Maier EA, Hahn JM, Supp DM, Boyce ST. Morphogenesis of chimeric hair follicles in engineered skin substitutes with human keratinocytes and murine dermal papilla cells. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:783-5. [PMID: 23078401 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Engineered skin substitutes (ESS) have been used successfully to treat life-threatening burns, but lack cutaneous appendages. To address this deficiency, dermal constructs were prepared using collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds populated with murine dermal papilla cells expressing green fluorescent protein (mDPC-GFP), human dermal papilla cells (hDPC) and/or human fibroblasts (hF). Subsequently, human epidermal keratinocytes (hK) or hK genetically modified to overexpress stabilized β-catenin (hK') were used to prepare ESS epithelium. After 10 days incubation at air-liquid interface, ESS were grafted to athymic mice and were evaluated for 6 weeks. Neofollicles were observed in ESS containing mDPC-GFP, but not hDPC or hF, independent of whether or not the hK were genetically modified. Based on detection of GFP fluorescence, mDPC were localized to the dermal papillae of the well-defined follicular structures of grafted ESS. In addition, statistically significant increases in LEF1, WNT10A and WNT10B were found in ESS with neofollicles. These results demonstrate a model for generation of chimeric hair in ESS.
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Wang X, Tredget EE, Wu Y. Dynamic signals for hair follicle development and regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:7-18. [PMID: 21787229 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles form during embryonic development and, after birth, undergo recurrent cycling of growth, regression, and relative quiescence. As a functional mini-organ, the hair follicle develops in an environment with dynamic and alternating changes of diverse molecular signals. Over the past decades, genetically engineered mouse models have been used to study hair follicle morphogenesis and significant advances have been made toward the identification of key signaling pathways and the regulatory genes involved. In contrast, much less is understood in signals regulating hair follicle regeneration. Like hair follicle development, hair follicle regeneration probably relies on populations of stem cells that undergo a highly coordinated and stepwise program of differentiation to produce the completed structure. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular signals underlying hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration, with a focus on the initiation of the primary hair follicle structure placode. Knowledge about hair follicle morphogenesis may help develop novel therapeutic strategies to enhance cutaneous regeneration and improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- Life Science Division, Tsinghua University Graduate School at Shenzhen, China
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