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Refeyton A, Labat V, Mombled M, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Ivanovic Z. Functional single-cell analyses of mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation using ALDH-activity and mitochondrial ROS content. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:813-824. [PMID: 38661612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BASKGROUND Previous research has unveiled a stem cell-like transcriptome enrichment in the aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing (ALDHhigh) mesenchymal stromal cell (MStroC) fraction. However, considering the heterogeneity of MStroCs, with only a fraction of them presenting bona fide stem cells (MSCs), the actual potency of ALDH as an MSC-specific selection marker remains an issue. METHODS To address this, the proliferative and differentiation potential of individual ALDHhigh and ALDHlow MStroCs incubated at low oxygen concentrations, estimated to mimic stem cell niches (0.1% O2), were assayed using single-cell clonal analysis, compared to standard conditions (20% O2). RESULTS We confirm that a high proliferative capacity and multi-potent MSCs are enriched in the ALDHhigh MStroC population, especially when cells are cultured at 0.1% O2. Measurements of reduced/oxidized glutathione and mitochondrial superoxide anions with MitoSoX (MSX) indicate that this advantage induced by low oxygen is related to a decrease in the oxidative and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the stem cell metabolic setup. However, ALDH expression is neither specific nor exclusive to MSCs, as high proliferative capacity and multi-potent cells were also found in the ALDHlow fraction. Furthermore, single-cell assays performed after combined cell sorting based on ALDH and MSX showed that the MSXlow MStroC population is enriched in stem/progenitor cells in all conditions, irrespective of ALDH expression or culture oxygen concentration. Importantly, the ALDHhighMSXlow MStroC fraction exposed to 0.1% O2 was almost exclusively composed of genuine MSCs. In contrast, neither progenitors nor stem cells (with a complete absence of colony-forming ability) were detected in the MSXhigh fraction, which exclusively resides in the ALDHlow MStroC population. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that ALDH expression is not exclusively associated with MSCs. However, cell sorting using combined ALDH expression and ROS content can be utilized to exclude MStroCs lacking stem/progenitor cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Refeyton
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm Bordeaux U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Labat
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm Bordeaux U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Margaux Mombled
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Genethon, Évry-Courcouronne, France; Inserm, Évry-Courcouronne, France
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm Bordeaux U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm Bordeaux U1211, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Cai Z, Karunakaran E, Pandhal J. Bottom-up construction and screening of algae-bacteria consortia for pollutant biodegradation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349016. [PMID: 38389536 PMCID: PMC10883772 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities have been used as important biological tools for a variety of purposes associated with agriculture, the food industry and human health. Artificial engineering of microbial communities is an emerging field of research motivated by finding stable and efficient microbial systems. However, the successful design of microbial communities with desirable functions not only requires profound understanding of microbial activities, but also needs efficient approaches to piece together the known microbial traits to give rise to more complex systems. This study demonstrates the bottom-up integration of environmentally isolated phototrophic microalgae and chemotrophic bacteria as artificial consortia to bio-degrade selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A high throughput screening method based on 96-well plate format was developed for discovering consortia with bioremediation potential. Screened exemplar consortia were verified for VOCs degradation performance, among these, certain robust consortia were estimated to have achieved efficiencies of 95.72% and 92.70% and near 100% removal (7 days) of benzene, toluene, and phenol, respectively, with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L. VOCs degradation by consortia was mainly attributed to certain bacteria including Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Cupriavidus metallidurans, and directly contributed to the growth of microalgae Coelastrella terrestris (R = 0.82, p < 0.001). This work revealed the potential of converting VOCs waste into algal biomass by algae-bacteria consortia constructed through a bottom-up approach. The screening method enables rapid shortlisting of consortia combinatorial scenarios without prior knowledge about the individual strains or the need for interpreting complex microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongting Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Grantham Centre for Sustainable Futures, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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3
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Mai M, Luo S, Fasciano S, Oluwole TE, Ortiz J, Pang Y, Wang S. Morphology-based deep learning approach for predicting adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329840. [PMID: 38099293 PMCID: PMC10720363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the potential to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. These cells have been extensively employed in the field of cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine due to their inherent attributes of self-renewal and multipotency. Traditional approaches for assessing hMSCs differentiation capacity have relied heavily on labor-intensive techniques, such as RT-PCR, immunostaining, and Western blot, to identify specific biomarkers. However, these methods are not only time-consuming and economically demanding, but also require the fixation of cells, resulting in the loss of temporal data. Consequently, there is an emerging need for a more efficient and precise approach to predict hMSCs differentiation in live cells, particularly for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In response to this need, we developed innovative approaches that combine live-cell imaging with cutting-edge deep learning techniques, specifically employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) to meticulously classify osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Specifically, four notable pre-trained CNN models, VGG 19, Inception V3, ResNet 18, and ResNet 50, were developed and tested for identifying adipogenic and osteogenic differentiated cells based on cell morphology changes. We rigorously evaluated the performance of these four models concerning binary and multi-class classification of differentiated cells at various time intervals, focusing on pivotal metrics such as accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, precision, and F1-score. Among these four different models, ResNet 50 has proven to be the most effective choice with the highest accuracy (0.9572 for binary, 0.9474 for multi-class) and AUC (0.9958 for binary, 0.9836 for multi-class) in both multi-class and binary classification tasks. Although VGG 19 matched the accuracy of ResNet 50 in both tasks, ResNet 50 consistently outperformed it in terms of AUC, underscoring its superior effectiveness in identifying differentiated cells. Overall, our study demonstrated the capability to use a CNN approach to predict stem cell fate based on morphology changes, which will potentially provide insights for the application of cell-based therapy and advance our understanding of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mai
- Department of Mathematics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samantha Fasciano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Timilehin Esther Oluwole
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Justin Ortiz
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yulei Pang
- Department of Mathematics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Tavasolian F, Inman RD. Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in axial spondyloarthritis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:413. [PMID: 37059822 PMCID: PMC10104809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the joints of the spine, causes chronic pain, and, in advanced stages, may result in spinal fusion. Recent developments in understanding the immunomodulatory and tissue-differentiating properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have raised the possibility of applying such treatment to AxSpA. The therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs has been shown in numerous studies spanning a range of diseases. Several studies have been conducted examining acellular therapy based on MSC secretome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by MSCs have been proven to reproduce the impact of MSCs on target cells. These EVs are associated with immunological regulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis. EVs' biological effects rely on their cargo, with microRNAs (miRNAs) integrated into EVs playing a particularly important role in gene expression regulation. In this article, we will discuss the impact of MSCs and EVs generated by MSCs on target cells and how these may be used as unique treatment strategies for AxSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Tavasolian
- Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Inman
- Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Weber L, Lee BS, Imboden S, Hsieh CJ, Lin NY. Phenotyping senescent mesenchymal stromal cells using AI image translation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:100120. [PMID: 38045568 PMCID: PMC10691861 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2023.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising potential in biomedical research, clinical therapeutics, and immunomodulatory therapies due to their ease of isolation and multipotent, immunoprivileged, and immunosuppersive properties. Extensive efforts have focused on optimizing the cell isolation and culture methods to generate scalable, therapeutically-relevant MSCs for clinical applications. However, MSC-based therapies are often hindered by cell heterogeneity and inconsistency of therapeutic function caused, in part, by MSC senescence. As such, noninvasive and molecular-based MSC characterizations play an essential role in assuring the consistency of MSC functions. Here, we demonstrated that AI image translation algorithms can effectively predict immunofluorescence images of MSC senescence markers from phase contrast images. We showed that the expression level of senescence markers including senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SABG), p16, p21, and p38 are accurately predicted by deep-learning models for Doxorubicin-induced MSC senescence, irradiation-induced MSC senescence, and replicative MSC senescence. Our AI model distinguished the non-senescent and senescent MSC populations and simultaneously captured the cell-to-cell variability within a population. Our microscopy-based phenotyping platform can be integrated with cell culture routines making it an easily accessible tool for MSC engineering and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leya Weber
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Brandon S. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Sara Imboden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Cho-Jui Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Neil Y.C. Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
- Broad Stem Cell Center, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
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Sawyer SW, Takeda K, Alayoubi A, Mirdamadi E, Zidan A, Bauer SR, Degheidy H. 3D bioprinting optimization of human mesenchymal stromal cell laden gelatin-alginate-collagen bioink. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36395510 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca3e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology has gained increased attention in the regenerative medicine and tissue engineering communities over the past decade with their attempts to create functional living tissues and organsde novo. While tissues such as skin, bone, and cartilage have been successfully fabricated using 3D bioprinting, there are still many technical and process driven challenges that must be overcome before a complete tissue engineered solution is realized. Although there may never be a single adopted bioprinting process in the scientific community, adherence to optimized bioprinting protocols could reduce variability and improve precision with the goal of ensuring high quality printed constructs. Here, we report on the bioprinting of a gelatin-alginate-collagen bioink containing human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) which has been optimized to ensure printing consistency and reliability. The study consists of three phases: a pre-printing phase which focuses on bioink characterization; a printing phase which focuses on bioink extrudability/printability, construct stability, and printing accuracy; and a post-processing phase which focuses on the homogeneity and bioactivity of the encapsulated hMSC printed constructs. The results showed that eight identical constructs containing hMSCs could be reliably and accurately printed into stable cross-hatched structures with a single material preparation, and that batch-to-batch consistency was accurately maintained across all preparations. Analysis of the proliferation, morphology, and differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs within the printed constructs showed that cells were able to form large,interconnected colonies and were capable of robust adipogenic differentiation within 14 d of culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Sawyer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Alaadin Alayoubi
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Eman Mirdamadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Zidan
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Heba Degheidy
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
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7
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Xiang S, Lin Z, Makarcyzk MJ, Riewruja K, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Clark KL, Li E, Liu S, Hao T, Fritch MR, Alexander PG, Lin H. Differences in the intrinsic chondrogenic potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells and iPSC-derived multipotent cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1112. [PMID: 36536500 PMCID: PMC9763539 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human multipotent progenitor cells (hiMPCs) created from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a new cell source for cartilage regeneration. In most studies, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are needed to enhance transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced hiMPC chondrogenesis. In contrast, TGFβ alone is sufficient to result in robust chondrogenesis of human primary mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Currently, the mechanism underlying this difference between hiMPCs and hMSCs has not been fully understood. METHODS In this study, we first tested different growth factors alone or in combination in stimulating hiMPC chondrogenesis, with a special focus on chondrocytic hypertrophy. The reparative capacity of hiMPCs-derived cartilage was assessed in an osteochondral defect model created in rats. hMSCs isolated from bone marrow were included in all studies as the control. Lastly, a mechanistic study was conducted to understand why hiMPCs and hMSCs behave differently in responding to TGFβ. RESULTS Chondrogenic medium supplemented with TGFβ3 and BMP6 led to robust in vitro cartilage formation from hiMPCs with minimal hypertrophy. Cartilage tissue generated from this new method was resistant to osteogenic transition upon subcutaneous implantation and resulted in a hyaline cartilage-like regeneration in osteochondral defects in rats. Interestingly, TGFβ3 induced phosphorylation of both Smad2/3 and Smad1/5 in hMSCs, but only activated Smad2/3 in hiMPCs. Supplementing BMP6 activated Smad1/5 and significantly enhanced TGFβ's compacity in inducing hiMPC chondrogenesis. The chondro-promoting function of BMP6 was abolished by the treatment of a BMP pathway inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a robust method to generate chondrocytes from hiMPCs with low hypertrophy for hyaline cartilage repair, as well as elucidates the difference between hMSCs and hiMPCs in response to TGFβ. Our results also indicated the importance of activating both Smad2/3 and Smad1/5 in the initiation of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanPR China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meagan J. Makarcyzk
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kanyakorn Riewruja
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiurui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Karen L. Clark
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Eileen Li
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tingjun Hao
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Madalyn R. Fritch
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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High throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cell lines using deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17507. [PMID: 36266301 PMCID: PMC9584889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as regenerative therapies for patients in the preclinical and clinical phases of various diseases. However, the main limitations of such therapies include functional heterogeneity and the lack of appropriate quality control (QC) methods for functional screening of MSC lines; thus, clinical outcomes are inconsistent. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based methods, in conjunction with single-cell morphological profiling, have been proposed as alternatives to conventional in vitro/vivo assays that evaluate MSC functions. Such methods perform in silico analyses of MSC functions by training ML algorithms to find highly nonlinear connections between MSC functions and morphology. Although such approaches are promising, they are limited in that extensive, high-content single-cell imaging is required; moreover, manually identified morphological features cannot be generalized to other experimental settings. To address these limitations, we propose an end-to-end deep learning (DL) framework for functional screening of MSC lines using live-cell microscopic images of MSC populations. We quantitatively evaluate various convolutional neural network (CNN) models and demonstrate that our method accurately classifies in vitro MSC lines to high/low multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells markers from multiple donors. A total of 6,120 cell images were obtained from 8 MSC lines, and they were classified into two groups according to MUSE cell markers analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and FACS. The optimized DenseNet121 model showed area under the curve (AUC) 0.975, accuracy 0.922, F1 0.922, sensitivity 0.905, specificity 0.942, positive predictive value 0.940, and negative predictive value 0.908. Therefore, our DL-based framework is a convenient high-throughput method that could serve as an effective QC strategy in future clinical biomanufacturing processes.
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Suyama T, Takemoto Y, Miyauchi H, Kato Y, Matsuzaki Y, Kato R. Morphology-based noninvasive early prediction of serial-passage potency enhances the selection of clone-derived high-potency cell bank from mesenchymal stem cells. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:30. [PMID: 36182958 PMCID: PMC9526913 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapidly expanding clones (RECs) are one of the single-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell clones sorted from human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), which possess advantageous features. The RECs exhibit long-lasting proliferation potency that allows more than 10 repeated serial passages in vitro, considerably benefiting the manufacturing process of allogenic MSC-based therapeutic products. Although RECs aid the preparation of large-variation clone libraries for a greedy selection of better-quality clones, such a selection is only possible by establishing multiple-candidate cell banks for quality comparisons. Thus, there is a high demand for a novel method that can predict “low-risk and high-potency clones” early and in a feasible manner given the excessive cost and effort required to maintain such an establishment. Methods LNGFR and Thy-1 co-positive cells from BMMCs were single-cell-sorted into 96-well plates, and only fast-growing clones that reached confluency in 2 weeks were picked up and passaged as RECs. Fifteen RECs were prepared as passage 3 (P3) cryostock as the primary cell bank. From this cryostock, RECs were passaged until their proliferation limitation; their serial-passage limitation numbers were labeled as serial-passage potencies. At the P1 stage, phase-contrast microscopic images were obtained over 6–90 h to identify time-course changes of 24 morphological descriptors describing cell population information. Machine learning models were constructed using the morphological descriptors for predicting serial-passage potencies. The time window and field-of-view-number effects were evaluated to identify the most efficient image data usage condition for realizing high-performance serial-passage potency models. Results Serial-passage test results indicated variations of 7–13-repeated serial-passage potencies within RECs. Such potency values were predicted quantitatively with high performance (RMSE < 1.0) from P1 morphological profiles using a LASSO model. The earliest and minimum effort predictions require 6–30 h with 40 FOVs and 6–90 h with 15 FOVs, respectively. Conclusion We successfully developed a noninvasive morphology-based machine learning model to enhance the efficiency of establishing cell banks with single-cell-derived RECs for quantitatively predicting the future serial-passage potencies of clones. Conventional methods that can make noninvasive and quantitative predictions without wasting precious cells in the early stage are lacking; the proposed method will provide a more efficient and robust cell bank establishment process for allogenic therapeutic product manufacturing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41232-022-00214-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suyama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.,PuREC Co. Ltd, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Takemoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyauchi
- PuREC Co. Ltd, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Kato
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.,PuREC Co. Ltd, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan. .,PuREC Co. Ltd, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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10
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Fattahi E, Taheri S, Schilling AF, Becker T, Pörtner R. Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:681-698. [PMID: 36348656 PMCID: PMC9635004 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for tissue culture have seen significant advances during the last decades and novel 3D cell culture systems have become available. To control their high complexity, experimental techniques and their Digital Twins (modelling and computational tools) are combined to link different variables to process conditions and critical process parameters. This allows a rapid evaluation of the expected product quality. However, the use of mathematical simulation and Digital Twins is critically dependent on the precise description of the problem and correct input parameters. Errors here can lead to dramatically wrong conclusions. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and remaining challenges with respect to generating input values for computational analysis of mass and momentum transport processes within tissue cultures. It gives an overview on relevant aspects of transport processes in tissue cultures as well as modelling and computational tools to tackle these problems. Further focus is on techniques used for the determination of cell‐specific parameters and characterization of culture systems, including sensors for on‐line determination of relevant parameters. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques are well‐established, and modelling tools are technically mature. New sensor technologies are on the way, especially for organ chips. The greatest remaining challenge seems to be the proper addressing and handling of input parameters required for mathematical models. Following Good Modelling Practice approaches when setting up and validating computational models is, therefore, essential to get to better estimations of the interesting complex processes inside organotypic tissue cultures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fattahi
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Shahed Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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11
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Ahamad N, Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Xavier Paul Ezhilan CRD, Natarajan M, Singh BB. Differential activation of Ca 2+ influx channels modulate stem cell potency, their proliferation/viability and tissue regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:67. [PMID: 34671058 PMCID: PMC8528841 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have indefinite self-renewable capability; however, factors that modulate their pluripotency/function are not fully identified. Here we show that store-dependent Ca2+ entry is essential for modulating the function of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Increasing external Ca2+ modulated cell cycle progression that was critical for MSCs survival. Additionally, Ca2+ was critical for stem proliferation, its differentiation, and maintaining stem cell potential. Ca2+ channel characterization, including gene silencing, showed two distinct Ca2+ entry channels (through Orai1/TRPC1 or via Orai3) that differentially regulate the proliferation and viability of MSCs. Importantly, NFκB translocation, but not JNK/ERK into the nucleus, was observed upon store depletion, which was blocked by the addition of Ca2+ channel inhibitors. Radiation lead to a decrease in saliva secretion, decrease in acinar cell number, and enlarged ducts were observed, which were restored by the transplantation of stem cells that were propagated in higher Ca2+. Finally radiation showed a decrese in TRPC1 expression along with a decrese in AQP5, which was again restored upon MSC tranplantation. Together these results suggest that Ca2+ entry is essential for stem cell function that could be critical for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ahamad
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Caroline R D Xavier Paul Ezhilan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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12
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Szydlak R. Biological, chemical and mechanical factors regulating migration and homing of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:619-631. [PMID: 34249231 PMCID: PMC8246245 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of primary and non-specialized cells, which can be isolated from various tissues. Currently, MSCs are key players in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. However, the possibility of using MSCs in the treatment of many diseases needs to be preceded, though, by in-depth analysis of their properties, especially by determining the mechanism of tissue homing as well as the mechanism, due to which cells contribute to tissue regeneration. This review is intended to present information on recent findings regarding the mechanism of recruitment and tissue homing by MSCs and discuss current hypotheses for how MSCs can reach target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szydlak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 31-034, Poland
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13
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Imboden S, Liu X, Lee BS, Payne MC, Hsieh CJ, Lin NYC. Investigating heterogeneities of live mesenchymal stromal cells using AI-based label-free imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6728. [PMID: 33762607 PMCID: PMC7991643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have great potential for regenerative medicine, tissue repair, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the outcomes of MSC-based research and therapies can be highly inconsistent and difficult to reproduce, largely due to the inherently significant heterogeneity in MSCs, which has not been well investigated. To quantify cell heterogeneity, a standard approach is to measure marker expression on the protein level via immunochemistry assays. Performing such measurements non-invasively and at scale has remained challenging as conventional methods such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy typically require cell fixation and laborious sample preparation. Here, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method that converts transmitted light microscopy images of MSCs into quantitative measurements of protein expression levels. By training a U-Net+ conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) model that accurately (mean [Formula: see text] = 0.77) predicts expression of 8 MSC-specific markers, we showed that expression of surface markers provides a heterogeneity characterization that is complementary to conventional cell-level morphological analyses. Using this label-free imaging method, we also observed a multi-marker temporal-spatial fluctuation of protein distributions in live MSCs. These demonstrations suggest that our AI-based microscopy can be utilized to perform quantitative, non-invasive, single-cell, and multi-marker characterizations of heterogeneous live MSC culture. Our method provides a foundational step toward the instant integrative assessment of MSC properties, which is critical for high-throughput screening and quality control in cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Imboden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Xuanqing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Brandon S Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Marie C Payne
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Cho-Jui Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Neil Y C Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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14
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Numerical Methods for the Design and Description of In Vitro Expansion Processes of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 177:185-228. [PMID: 33090237 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a valuable source of cells for clinical applications (e.g., treatment of acute myocardial infarction or inflammatory diseases), especially in the field of regenerative medicine. However, for autologous (patient-specific) and allogeneic (off-the-shelf) hMSC-based therapies, in vitro expansion is necessary prior to the clinical application in order to achieve the required cell numbers. Safe, reproducible, and economic in vitro expansion of hMSCs for autologous and allogeneic therapies can be problematic because the cell material is restricted and the cells are sensitive to environmental changes. It is beneficial to collect detailed information on the hydrodynamic conditions and cell growth behavior in a bioreactor system, in order to develop a so called "Digital Twin" of the cultivation system and expansion process. Numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which has become widely used in the biotech industry for studying local characteristics within bioreactors or kinetic growth modelling, provide possible solutions for such tasks.In this review, we will present the current state-of-the-art for the in vitro expansion of hMSCs. Different numerical tools, including numerical fluid flow simulations and cell growth modelling approaches for hMSCs, will be presented. In addition, a case study demonstrating the applicability of CFD and kinetic growth modelling for the development of an microcarrier-based hMSC process will be shown.
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15
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Adlerz K, Patel D, Rowley J, Ng K, Ahsan T. Strategies for scalable manufacturing and translation of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101978. [PMID: 32947235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a well-studied cellular therapy with many clinical trials over the last few decades to treat a range of therapeutic indications. Recently, extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs (MSC-EVs) have been shown to recapitulate many of the therapeutic effects of the MSCs themselves. While research in MSC-EVs has exploded, it is still early in their development towards a clinical therapy. One of the main challenges in cellular therapy, which will clearly also be a challenge in MSC-EV manufacturing, is developing a scalable, cGMP-compatible manufacturing paradigm. Therefore, the focus of this review is to identify some key MSC-EV manufacturing considerations such as the selection of critical raw materials, manufacturing platforms, and critical quality attribute assays. Addressing these issues early in research and development will accelerate clinical product development, clinical trials, and commercial therapies of MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Adlerz
- RoosterBio, Inc. 5295 Westview Drive, Suite 275, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Divya Patel
- RoosterBio, Inc. 5295 Westview Drive, Suite 275, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Jon Rowley
- RoosterBio, Inc. 5295 Westview Drive, Suite 275, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Kelvin Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01 138668, Singapore.
| | - Tabassum Ahsan
- RoosterBio, Inc. 5295 Westview Drive, Suite 275, Frederick, MD 21703, USA.
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16
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Gasiūnienė M, Valatkaitė E, Navakauskienė R. Long-term cultivation of human amniotic fluid stem cells: The impact on proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3491-3501. [PMID: 31898359 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) are a valuable, easily obtainable alternative source of SCs for regenerative medicine. Usually, amounts of cells required for the translational purposes are large thus the goal of this study was to assess the potency of AF-MSCs to proliferate and differentiate during long-term cultivation in vitro. AF-MSCs were isolated from amniotic fluid of healthy women in the second trimester of pregnancy and cultivated in vitro. AF-MSCs were cultivated up to 42 passages and they still maintained pluripotency genes, such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, expression at a similar level as in the initial passages as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis demonstrated that the cell surface markers CD34 (negative), CD44, and CD105 (positive) expression was also stable, only the expression of SCs marker CD90 decreased during the cultivation. The morphology of AF-MSCs changed over passage, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining revealed that more cells entered into apoptosis and the first signs of aging were detected only at late passages (later than p33) using SA-β-gal assay. Concomitantly, the differentiation potential towards cardiomyogenic lineage, induced with DNA methyltransferases inhibitors decitabine, zebularine, and RG108, was impaired when comparing AF-MSCs at p31/33 with p6. The expression of cardiomyocytes genes MYH6, TNNT2, DES together with ion channels genes of the heart (sodium, calcium, and potassium) decreased in p31/33 induced AF-MSCs. AF-MSCs have a great proliferative capacity and maintain most of the characteristics up to 33 passages; however, the cardiomyogenic differentiation capacity decreases to a certain extent during the long-term cultivation. These results provide useful insights for the potential use of AF-MSCs for biobanking and broad applications requiring high yield of cells or repeated infusions. Hence, it is vital to take into account the passage number of AF-MSCs, cultivated in culture, when utilizing them in vivo or in clinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gasiūnienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elvina Valatkaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Mantripragada VP, Bova WA, Piuzzi NS, Boehm C, Obuchowski NA, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Native-Osteoarthritic Joint Resident Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Cell-Based Therapies: A Quantitative Comparison With Respect to Concentration and Biological Performance. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:3521-3530. [PMID: 31671273 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519880905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapy for cartilage repair is a promising approach and is becoming an established technique. Yet, there is no consensus on the optimal cell source. PURPOSE To provide a donor-matched quantitative comparison of the connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) derived from cartilage (Outerbridge grade 1-3 [G1-2-3]), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC), infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), synovium, and periosteum with respect to (1) cell concentration ([Cell], cells/mL), (2) CTP prevalence (PCTP, colonies per million cells), and (3) biological performance based on in vitro proliferation potential (cells per colony) colony density, and differentiation potential (expression of negatively charged extracellular matrix: glycosaminoglycan-rich extra cellular matrix [GAG-ECM]). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Tissues were obtained from 10 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (mean age, 59 years; women, n = 6). Automated quantitative colony-forming unit analysis was used to compare [Cell], PCTP, and CTP biological performance across tissue sources. RESULTS [Cell] was highest in grade 3 cartilage (P = .002) and BMC (P = .001). Median PCTP was highest in IPFP (P = .001), synovium (P = .003), and G1-2 cartilage (P = .02). Proliferation was highest in synovium-derived CTPs (P < .001). Median colony density was highest in G1-2-3 (P < .001). Median GAG-ECM was highest in G1-2-3 (P < .001). Within each patient, CTPs derived from all tissues were highly heterogeneous in biological performance as determined by cells per colony, density, and GAG-ECM. CONCLUSION Tissue sources differ in [Cell], PCTP, and biological attributes. The data presented in this study suggest that cartilage (G1-2-3) is the preferred tissue source for cartilage repair based on PCTP and GAG-ECM, followed by synovium, IPFP, BMC, and periosteum. However, due to the heterogeneous mixture of CTPs within each tissue source, there exists a subset of CTPs with biological performance similar to G1-2-3 cartilage, particularly in synovium and IPFP. Performance-based clonal selection and expansion of preferred CTPs and their progeny will potentially lead to improved cell population with predictive future. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Optimal tissue regeneration strategies will require informed decisions regarding which of the available tissue sources to use. Optimizing cell sourcing in any tissue may require separation of CTPs with preferred attributes from those with less desirable attributes. The heterogeneity manifest in the early stage of colony formation represents an opportunity for performance-based clone selection for clinical cell processing and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wes A Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Piuzzi NS, Mantripragada VP, Kwee E, Sumski A, Selvam S, Boehm C, Muschler GF. Bone Marrow-Derived Cellular Therapies in Orthopaedics: Part II: Recommendations for Reporting the Quality of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Populations. JBJS Rev 2019; 6:e5. [PMID: 30461436 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.18.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Venkata P Mantripragada
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edward Kwee
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alan Sumski
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Selvaanish Selvam
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George F Muschler
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S.P., V.P.M., E.K., A.S., S.S., C.B., and G.F.M.) and Orthopaedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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19
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Current state of U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulation for cellular and gene therapy products: potential cures on the horizon. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:699-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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García-Vázquez MD, Herrero de la Parte B, García-Alonso I, Morales MC. [Analysis of Biological Properties of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Effect on Mouse Hind Limb Ischemia]. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:77-91. [PMID: 31079101 DOI: 10.1159/000498919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis-inducing capacity, human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have potential clinical applications in the treatment of limb ischemia. AMSC from healthy donors have been shown to induce neovascularization in animal models. However, when cells were obtained from donors suffering from any pathology, their autologous application showed limited effectiveness. We studied whether liposuction niche and obesity could determine the regenerative properties of cells meaning that not all cell batches are suitable for clinical practice. METHODS AMSC obtained from 10 donors, obese and healthy, were expanded in vitro following a good manufacturing practice-like production protocol. Cell viability, proliferation kinetics, morphological analysis, phenotype characterization, and stemness potency were assessed over the course of the expansion process. AMSC selected for having the most suitable biological properties were used as an experimental treatment in a preclinical mouse model of hind limb ischemia. RESULT All cell batches were positively characterized as mesenchymal stem cells, but not all of them showed the same properties or were successfully expanded in vitro, depending on the characteristics of the donor and the extraction area. Notably, AMSC from the abdomen of obese donors showed undesirable biological properties. AMSC with low duplication times and multilineage differentiation potential and forming large densely packed colonies, were able, following expansion in vitro, to increase neovascularization and repair when implanted in the ischemic tissue of mice. CONCLUSION An extensive AMSC biological properties study could be useful to predict the potential clinical efficacy of cells before in vivo transplantation. Thus, peripheral ischemia and possibly other pathologies could benefit from stem cell treatments as shown in our preclinical model in terms of tissue damage repair and regeneration after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - María-Celia Morales
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain,
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21
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Du J, Chen H, Zhou K, Jia X. Quantitative Multimodal Evaluation of Passaging Human Neural Crest Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:92-100. [PMID: 28780695 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a major burden to societies worldwide, however, current therapy options (e.g. autologous nerve grafts) are unable to produce satisfactory outcomes. Many studies have shown that stem cell transplantation holds great potential for peripheral nerve repair, and human neural crest stem cells (hNCSCs), which give rise to a variety of tissues in the peripheral nervous system, are particularly promising. NCSCs are one of the best candidates for clinical translation, however, to ensure the viability and quality of NCSCs for research and clinical use, the effect of in vitro cell passaging on therapeutic effects needs be evaluated given that passaging is required to expand NCSCs to meet the demands of transplantation in preclinical research and clinical trials. To date, no study has investigated the quality of NCSCs past the 5th passage in vivo. In this study, we employed a multimodal evaluation system to investigate changes in outcomes between transplantation with 5th (p5) and 6th passage (p6) NCSCs in a 15 mm rat sciatic nerve injury and repair model. Using CatWalk gait analysis, gastrocnemius muscle index, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometric analysis, we showed that p6 NCSCs demonstrated decreased cell survival, Schwann-cell differentiation, axonal growth, and functional outcomes compared to p5 NCSCs (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, p6 NCSCs showed significantly reduced therapeutic efficacy compared to p5 NCSCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 559, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 559, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 559, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 559, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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22
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Piuzzi NS, Dominici M, Long M, Pascual-Garrido C, Rodeo S, Huard J, Guicheux J, McFarland R, Goodrich LR, Maddens S, Robey PG, Bauer TW, Barrett J, Barry F, Karli D, Chu CR, Weiss DJ, Martin I, Jorgensen C, Muschler GF. Proceedings of the signature series symposium "cellular therapies for orthopaedics and musculoskeletal disease proven and unproven therapies-promise, facts and fantasy," international society for cellular therapies, montreal, canada, may 2, 2018. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1381-1400. [PMID: 30316562 PMCID: PMC8487641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Signature Series Symposium "Cellular Therapies for Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Disease Proven and Unproven Therapies-Promise, Facts and Fantasy" was held as a pre-meeting of the 26th International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) annual congress in Montreal, Canada, May 2, 2018. This was the first ISCT program that was entirely dedicated to the advancement of cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. Cellular therapies in musculoskeletal medicine are a source of great promise and opportunity. They are also the source of public controversy, confusion and misinformation. Patients, clinicians, scientists, industry and government share a commitment to clear communication and responsible development of the field. Therefore, this symposium convened thought leaders from around the world in a forum designed to catalyze communication and collaboration to bring the greatest possible innovation and value to patients with musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marc Long
- MTF Biologics, Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cecilia Pascual-Garrido
- Adult Reconstruction-Adolescent and Young Adult Hip Service, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA; Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Jérome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Nantes University School of Dental Medicine, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Richard McFarland
- Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA, and Standards Coordinating Body, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplant Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Karli
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Greyledge Technologies, LLC, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Constance R Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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23
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La Greca A, Solari C, Furmento V, Lombardi A, Biani MC, Aban C, Moro L, García M, Guberman AS, Sevlever GE, Miriuka SG, Luzzani C. Extracellular vesicles from pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells acquire a stromal modulatory proteomic pattern during differentiation. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30201949 PMCID: PMC6131549 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) constitute an interesting alternative to classical MSCs in regenerative medicine. Among their many mechanisms of action, MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a potential suitable substitute for MSCs in future cell-free-based therapeutic approaches. Unlike cells, EVs do not elicit acute immune rejection, and they can be produced in large quantities and stored until ready to use. Although the therapeutic potential of MSC EVs has already been proven, a thorough characterization of MSC EVs is lacking. In this work, we used a label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proteomic approach to identify the most abundant proteins in EVs that are secreted from MSCs derived from PSCs (PD-MSCs) and from their parental induced PSCs (iPSCs). Next, we compared both datasets and found that while iPSC EVs enclose proteins that modulate RNA and microRNA stability and protein sorting, PD-MSC EVs are rich in proteins that organize extracellular matrix, regulate locomotion, and influence cell-substrate adhesion. Moreover, compared to their respective cells, iPSCs and iPSC EVs share a greater proportion of proteins, while the PD-MSC proteome appears to be more specific. Correlation and principal component analysis consistently aggregate iPSCs and iPSC EVs but segregate PD-MSC and their EVs. Altogether, these findings suggest that during differentiation, compared with their parental iPSC EVs, PD-MSC EVs acquire a more specific set of proteins; arguably, this difference might confer their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro La Greca
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnolígica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Solari
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, INQUIBICEN - CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Furmento
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Lombardi
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnolígica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Celeste Biani
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cyntia Aban
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Moro
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela García
- Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología A, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, INQUIBICEN - CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Santiago Gabriel Miriuka
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Luzzani
- LIAN-CONICET, FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52,5 - (B1625XAF), Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Lam J, Bellayr IH, Marklein RA, Bauer SR, Puri RK, Sung KE. Functional Profiling of Chondrogenically Induced Multipotent Stromal Cell Aggregates Reveals Transcriptomic and Emergent Morphological Phenotypes Predictive of Differentiation Capacity. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:664-675. [PMID: 30084545 PMCID: PMC6127231 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for bone and cartilage tissue repair strategies. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSCs derived from different donors and manufacturing conditions has limited clinical translation, emphasizing the need for improved methods to assess MSC chondrogenic capacity. We used functionally relevant morphological profiling to dynamically monitor emergent morphological phenotypes of chondrogenically induced MSC aggregates to identify morphological features indicative of MSC chondrogenesis. Toward this goal, we characterized the morphology of chondrogenically stimulated MSC aggregates from eight different human cell-lines at multiple passages and demonstrated that MSC aggregates exhibited unique morphological dynamics that were both cell line- and passage-dependent. This variation in 3D morphology was shown to be informative of long-term MSC chondrogenesis based on multiple quantitative functional assays. We found that the specific morphological features of spheroid area, radius, minimum feret diameter, and minor axis length to be strongly correlated with MSC chondrogenic synthetic activity but not gene expression as early as day 4 in 3D culture. Our high-throughput, nondestructive approach could potentially serve as a tool to identify MSC lines with desired chondrogenic capacity toward improving manufacturing strategies for MSC-based cellular products for cartilage tissue repair. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;1-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian H Bellayr
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross A Marklein
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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25
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Shaik S, Wu X, Gimble J, Devireddy R. Effects of Decade Long Freezing Storage on Adipose Derived Stem Cells Functionality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8162. [PMID: 29802353 PMCID: PMC5970158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade and half, the optimization of cryopreservation for adipose tissue derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) especially in determining the optimal combination of cryoprotectant type, cooling rate, and thawing rate have been extensively studied. In this study, we examined the functionality of ASCs that have been frozen-stored for more than 10 years denoted as long-term freezing, frozen within the last 3 to 7 years denoted as short-term freezing and compared their response with fresh ASCs. The mean post-thaw viability for long-term frozen group was 78% whereas for short-term frozen group 79% with no significant differences between the two groups. The flow cytometry evaluation of stromal surface markers, CD29, CD90, CD105, CD44, and CD73 indicated the expression (above 95%) in passages P1-P4 in all of the frozen-thawed ASC groups and fresh ASCs whereas the hematopoietic markers CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD146 were expressed extremely low (below 2%) within both the frozen-thawed and fresh cell groups. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed some differences between the osteogenic gene expression of long-term frozen group in comparison to fresh ASCs. Intriguingly, one group of cells from the short-term frozen group exhibited remarkably higher expression of osteogenic genes in comparison to fresh ASCs. The adipogenic differentiation potential remained virtually unchanged between all of the frozen-thawed groups and the fresh ASCs. Long-term cryopreservation of ASCs, in general, has a somewhat negative impact on the osteogenic potential of ASCs, especially as it relates to the decrease in osteopontin gene expression but not significantly so with respect to RUNX2 and osteonectin gene expressions. However, the adipogenic potential, post thaw viability, and immunophenotype characteristics remain relatively intact between all the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahensha Shaik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- La Cell LLC, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- La Cell LLC, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Medicine, Structural & Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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26
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Arcidiacono JA, Bauer SR, Kaplan DS, Allocca CM, Sarkar S, Lin-Gibson S. FDA and NIST collaboration on standards development activities supporting innovation and translation of regenerative medicine products. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:779-784. [PMID: 29784433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of standards for the field of regenerative medicine has been noted as a high priority by several road-mapping activities. Additionally, the U.S. Congress recognizes the importance of standards in the 21st Century Cure Act. Standards will help to accelerate and streamline cell and gene therapy product development, ensure the quality and consistency of processes and products, and facilitate their regulatory approval. Although there is general agreement for the need of additional standards for regenerative medicine products, a shared understanding of standards is required for real progress toward the development of standards to advance regenerative medicine. Here, we describe the roles of standards in regenerative medicine as well as the process for standards development and the interactions of different entities in the standards development process. Highlighted are recent coordinated efforts between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute of Standards and Technology to facilitate standards development and foster science that underpins standards development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Arcidiacono
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David S Kaplan
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratory, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Clare M Allocca
- Standards Coordination Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sumona Sarkar
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Lin-Gibson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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27
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Xavier M, de Andrés MC, Spencer D, Oreffo ROC, Morgan H. Size and dielectric properties of skeletal stem cells change critically after enrichment and expansion from human bone marrow: consequences for microfluidic cell sorting. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0233. [PMID: 28835540 PMCID: PMC5582119 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of bone and cartilage to regenerate can be attributed to skeletal stem cells (SSCs) that reside within the bone marrow (BM). Given SSCs are rare and lack specific surface markers, antibody-based sorting has failed to deliver the cell purity required for clinical translation. Microfluidics offers new methods of isolating cells based on biophysical features including, but not limited to, size, electrical properties and stiffness. Here we report the characterization of the dielectric properties of unexpanded SSCs using single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry (MIC). Unexpanded SSCs had a mean size of 9.0 µm; larger than the majority of BM cells. During expansion, often used to purify and increase the number of SSCs, cell size and membrane capacitance increased significantly, highlighting the importance of characterizing unaltered SSCs. In addition, MIC was used to track the osteogenic differentiation of SSCs and showed an increased membrane capacitance with differentiation. The electrical properties of primary SSCs were indistinct from other BM cells precluding its use as an isolation method. However, the current studies indicate that cell size in combination with another biophysical parameter, such as stiffness, could be used to design label-free devices for sorting SSCs with significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Xavier
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - María C de Andrés
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel Spencer
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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28
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Labriola NR, Sadick JS, Morgan JR, Mathiowitz E, Darling EM. Cell Mimicking Microparticles Influence the Organization, Growth, and Mechanophenotype of Stem Cell Spheroids. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:1146-1159. [PMID: 29671154 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-2028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Substrate stiffness is known to alter cell behavior and drive stem cell differentiation, though most research in this area has been restricted to traditional, two-dimensional culture systems rather than more physiologically relevant, three-dimensional (3D) platforms. In this study, we utilized polymer-based, cell mimicking microparticles (CMMPs) to deliver distinct, stable mechanical cues to human adipose derived stem cells in 3D spheroid culture to examine changes in adipogenic differentiation response and mechanophenotype. After 21 days of adipogenic induction, spheroids containing CMMPs (composite spheroids) stiffened in accordance with CMMP elasticity such that spheroids containing the stiffest, ~ 10 kPa, CMMPs were over 27% stiffer than those incorporating the most compliant, ~ 0.25 kPa CMMPs. Adipogenically induced, cell-only spheroids were over 180% larger and 50% more compliant than matched controls. Interestingly, composite spheroids cultured without chemical induction factors dissociated when presented with CMMPs stiffer than ~ 1 kPa, while adipogenic induction factors mitigated this behavior. Gene expression for PPARG and FABP4 were upregulated more than 45-fold in adipogenically induced samples compared to controls but were unaffected by CMMP elasticity, attributed to insufficient cell-CMMP contacts throughout the composite spheroid. In summary, mechanically tuned CMMPs influenced whole-spheroid mechanophenotype and stability but minimally affected differentiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Labriola
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jessica S Sadick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Morgan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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29
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Retracted:A Biomimetic Emu Oil-Blended Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat for Maintaining Stemness of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16:66-76. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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30
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Piuzzi NS, Hussain ZB, Chahla J, Cinque ME, Moatshe G, Mantripragada VP, Muschler GF, LaPrade RF. Variability in the Preparation, Reporting, and Use of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Orthopaedic Literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:517-525. [PMID: 29557869 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the therapeutic potential of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has grown exponentially. However, comparisons among studies and their processing methods are challenging because of inconsistent reporting of protocols, as well as poor characterization of the composition of the initial bone marrow aspirate and of the final products delivered. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the level of reporting related to the protocols used for BMAC preparation and the composition of BMAC utilized in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in published clinical studies. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1980 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were human clinical trials, English language, and manuscripts that reported on the use of BMAC in musculoskeletal conditions. RESULTS After a comprehensive review of the 986 identified articles, 46 articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. No study provided comprehensive reporting that included a clear description of the preparation protocol that could be used by subsequent investigators to repeat the method. Only 14 (30%) of the studies provided quantitative metrics of the composition of the BMAC final product. CONCLUSIONS The reporting of BMAC preparation protocols in clinical studies was highly inconsistent and studies did not provide sufficient information to allow the protocol to be reproduced. Moreover, comparison of the efficacy and yield of BMAC products is precluded by deficiencies in the reporting of preparation methods and composition. Future studies should contain standardized and stepwise descriptions of the BMAC preparation protocol, and the composition of the BMAC delivered, to permit validating and rationally optimizing the role of BMAC in musculoskeletal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge Chahla
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Mark E Cinque
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Gilbert Moatshe
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado.,Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,OSTRC, The Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - George F Muschler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert F LaPrade
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado.,The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado
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31
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Balikov DA, Crowder SW, Lee JB, Lee Y, Ko UH, Kang ML, Kim WS, Shin JH, Sung HJ. Aging Donor-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species Loads and Increased Differentiation Potential Following Serial Expansion on a PEG-PCL Copolymer Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020359. [PMID: 29370101 PMCID: PMC5855581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely studied for therapeutic development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They can be harvested from human donors via tissue biopsies, such as bone marrow aspiration, and cultured to reach clinically relevant cell numbers. However, an unmet issue lies in the fact that the hMSC donors for regenerative therapies are more likely to be of advanced age. Their stem cells are not as potent compared to those of young donors, and continue to lose healthy, stemness-related activities when the hMSCs are serially passaged in tissue culture plates. Here, we have developed a cheap, scalable, and effective copolymer film to culture hMSCs obtained from aged human donors over several passages without loss of reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling or differentiation capacity. Assays of cell morphology, reactive oxygen species load, and differentiation potential demonstrate the effectiveness of copolymer culture on reduction in senescence-related activities of aging donor-derived hMSCs that could hinder the therapeutic potential of autologous stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Ung Hyun Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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32
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Bellayr IH, Kumar A, Puri RK. MicroRNA expression in bone marrow-derived human multipotent Stromal cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:605. [PMID: 28800721 PMCID: PMC5553681 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are being studied in the field of regenerative medicine for their multi-lineage differentiation and immunoregulatory capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are responsible for regulating gene expression by targeting transcripts, which can impact MSC functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. miRNAs are expressed in MSCs; however, the impact of miRNAs on cellular functions and donor variability is not well understood. Eight MSC lines were expanded to passages 3, 5 and 7, and their miRNA expression was evaluated using microarray technology. Results Statistical analyses of our data revealed that 71 miRNAs out of 939 examined were expressed by this set of MSC lines at all passages and the expression of 11 miRNAs were significantly different between passages 3 and 7, while the expression of 7 miRNAs was significantly different between passages 3 and 5. The expression of these identified miRNAs was evaluated using RT-qPCR for both the first set of MSC lines (n = 6) and a second set of MSC lines (n = 7) expanded from passages 4 to 8. By RT-qPCR only 2 miRNAs, miR-638 and miR-572 were upregulated at passage 7 compared to passage 3 in the first set of MSC lines by 1.71 and 1.54 fold, respectively; and upregulated at passage 8 compared to passage 4 in the second set of MSC lines, 1.35 and 1.59 fold, respectively. Conclusions The expression of miR-638 and miR-572 can distinguish MSCs from two different passages of cell culture. These results may be useful in establishing critical quality attributes of MSCs and determining whether changes in these two miRNAs impact cellular functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3997-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bellayr
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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33
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Effects of a defined xeno-free medium on the growth and neurotrophic and angiogenic properties of human adult stem cells. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:629-639. [PMID: 28366194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth properties and neurotrophic and angiogenic effects of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) cultured in a defined xeno-free, serum-free medium (MesenCult-XF) were investigated. METHODS Human MSCs from adipose tissue (ASCs) and bone marrow (BMSCs) were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium-alpha (α-MEM) containing fetal calf serum or in MesenCult-XF. Proliferation was measured over 10 passages and the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) surface markers were determined. Neurite outgrowth and angiogenic activity of the MSCs were determined. RESULTS At early passage, both ASCs and BMSCs showed better proliferation in MesenCult-XF compared with standard α-MEM-containing serum. However, CFUs were significantly lower in MesenCult-XF. ASCs cultured in MesenCult-XF continued to expand at faster rates than cells grown in serum. BMSCs showed morphological changes at late passage in MesenCult-XF and stained positive for senescence β-galactosidase activity. Expression levels of CD73 and CD90 were similar in both cell types under the various culture conditions but CD105 was significantly reduced at passage 10 in MesenCult-XF. In vitro stimulation of the cells enhanced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-1. Stimulated ASCs grown in MesenCult-XF evoked the longest neurite outgrowth in a neuron co-culture model. Stimulated BMSCs grown in MesenCult-XF produced the most extensive network of capillary-like tube structures in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. CONCLUSIONS ASCs and BMSCs exhibit high levels of neurotrophic and angiogenic activity when grown in the defined serum-free medium indicating their suitability for treatment of various neurological conditions. However, long-term expansion in MesenCult-XF might be restricted to ASCs.
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DiCarlo AL, Tamarat R, Rios CI, Benderitter M, Czarniecki CW, Allio TC, Macchiarini F, Maidment BW, Jourdain JR. Cellular Therapies for Treatment of Radiation Injury: Report from a NIH/NIAID and IRSN Workshop. Radiat Res 2017; 188:e54-e75. [PMID: 28605260 DOI: 10.1667/rr14810.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing concern over the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident occurring somewhere in the world. Intelligence agencies frequently report that terrorist groups and rogue nations are seeking to obtain radiological or nuclear weapons of mass destruction. In addition, there exists the real possibility that safety of nuclear power reactors could be compromised by natural (such as the tsunami and subsequent Fukushima accident in Japan in March, 2011) or accidental (Three Mile Island, 1979 and Chernobyl, 1986) events. Although progress has been made by governments around the world to prepare for these events, including the stockpiling of radiation countermeasures, there are still challenges concerning care of patients injured during a radiation incident. Because the deleterious and pathological effects of radiation are so broad, it is desirable to identify medical countermeasures that can have a beneficial impact on several tissues and organ systems. Cellular therapies have the potential to impact recovery and tissue/organ regeneration for both early and late complications of radiation exposure. These therapies, which could include stem or blood progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or cells derived from other tissues (e.g., endothelium or placenta), have shown great promise in treating other nonradiation injuries to and diseases of the bone marrow, skin, gastrointestinal tract, brain, lung and heart. To explore the potential use of these therapies in the treatment of victims after acute radiation exposure, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases co-sponsored an international workshop in July, 2015 in Paris, France with the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire. The workshop included discussions of data available from testing in preclinical models of radiation injury to different organs, logistics associated with the practical use of cellular therapies for a mass casualty incident, as well as international regulatory requirements for authorizing such drug products to be legally and readily used in such incidents. This report reviews the data presented, as well as key discussion points from the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Radia Tamarat
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carmen I Rios
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc Benderitter
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Francesca Macchiarini
- e Previously -RNCP, DAIT, NIAID, NIH; now National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jean-Rene Jourdain
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Thompson MJ, Patel G, Isaacs J, McMurtry J, Richards N, Daner W. Introduction of neurosupportive cells into processed acellular nerve allografts results in greater number and more even distribution when injected compared to soaking techniques. Neurol Res 2017; 39:189-197. [PMID: 28112028 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1282336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Processing necessary to remove immunogenic components of nerve allograft renders it acellular. Seeding with supportive cells may improve axon regeneration. We aim to identify the method associated with implantation of the greatest volume and most even distribution of cells. METHODS Hypodermic needle injection was compared to soaking in solution under both normal and pressurized conditions after micropuncture of the allograft. Distribution within the allograft was measured using an in vitro model of fluorescent beads, as well as cultured Schwann cells. RESULTS Injection treatment resulted in larger volumes and a more uniform cross-sectional distribution of implanted cells. Beads and cells behaved similarly relative to the measured outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Injection instills more cells in a more uniform distribution. In vivo testing may evaluate whether these techniques vary relative to cell survival, cell migration, and clinical outcomes. Size- and concentration-matched fluorescent beads may represent a viable model for analyzing cell implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Thompson
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Gaurangkumar Patel
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Jonathan Isaacs
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - John McMurtry
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Nathan Richards
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - William Daner
- a Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
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Labriola NR, Mathiowitz E, Darling EM. Fabricating polyacrylamide microbeads by inverse emulsification to mimic the size and elasticity of living cells. Biomater Sci 2016; 5:41-45. [PMID: 27935612 PMCID: PMC5201106 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inverse emulsification was used to fabricate polyacrylamide (PAAm) microbeads with size and elastic properties similar to typical, mammalian cells. These biomimicking microbeads could be fluorescently stained and functionalized with a collagen type-I coating, post-polymerization, for tracking bead locations and promoting cell recognition/binding, respectively. By occupying a previously unfilled range of sizes and mechanical properties, these microbeads may find unique use in both biomedical and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Labriola
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA and School of Engineering and Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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Warnke I, Jocken JWE, Schoop R, Toepfer C, Goralczyk R, Schwager J. Combinations of bio-active dietary constituents affect human white adipocyte function in-vitro. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:84. [PMID: 27895698 PMCID: PMC5117626 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Specific bio-active dietary compounds modulate numerous metabolic processes in adipose tissue (AT), including pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. AT dysfunction, rather than an increased fat mass per se, is strongly associated with the development of insulin resistance and is characterized by impaired adipogenesis, hypertrophic adipocytes, inflammation, and impairments in substrate metabolism. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction may provide new strategies for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Here we evaluated the role of (all-E)-lycopene (Lyc), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or trans-resveratrol (Res) and combinations thereof on human white adipocyte function. Methods In-vitro differentiating human pre-adipocytes were treated with EPA, Lyc and Res or their combinations for 14 days. The effects on intracellular lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, secreted anti- and pro-inflammatory cyto-/adipokines (e.g. adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2) and on gene expression of markers of adipocyte differentiation and substrate metabolism (e.g. PPAR-gamma, C/EBP-alpha, GLUT-4, FAS, ATGL, HSL, and PLIN-1) were measured by fluorescent microscopy (Cellomics™), multi-parametric LiquiChip® technology and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results Treatment of differentiating adipocytes for 14 days with the combination of Lyc/Res and EPA/Res resulted in significantly inhibited LD formation (~ -25 and -20%, respectively) compared to the effects of the single compounds. These morphological changes were accompanied by increased mRNA levels of the adipogenic marker PPAR-gamma and the lipase ATGL and by decreased expression levels of lipogenic markers (LPL, FAS, GLUT-4) and the LD-covering protein PLIN-1. In addition, a blunted adipocyte secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) and adiponectin was observed following treatment with these compounds. Conclusion The combination of the dietary bio-actives Lyc and EPA with Res might influence adipocyte function by affecting the balance between adipogenic, lipogenic and lipolytic gene expression, resulting in a reduced LD storage and a less inflammatory secretion profile. Taken together, our results indicate that combinations of dietary compounds may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders via effects on human white adipocyte function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0143-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Warnke
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rotraut Schoop
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Toepfer
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regina Goralczyk
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Schwager
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Shotorbani BB, Alizadeh E, Salehi R, Barzegar A. Adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to biomimetic polymers: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:1192-1200. [PMID: 27987676 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to the self-renewal, multi-potency, ethically approved state and suitability for autologous transplantation. However, key issue for isolation and manipulation of MSCs is adhesion in ex-vivo culture systems. Biomaterials engineered for mimicking natural extracellular matrix (ECM) conditions which support stem cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation represent a main area of research in tissue engineering. Some of them successfully enhanced cells adhesion and proliferation because of their biocompatibility, biomimetic texture, and chemistry. However, it is still in its infancy, therefore intensification and optimization of in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical studies is needed to clarify efficacies as well as applicability of those bioengineered constructs. The aim of this review is to discuss mechanisms related to the in-vitro adhesion of MSCs, surfaces biochemical, biophysical, and other factors (of cell's natural and artificial micro-environment) which could affect it and a review of previous research attempting for its bio-chemo-optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; The Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center (UCSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; The Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center (UCSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Altman RB, Khuri N, Salit M, Giacomini KM. Unmet needs: Research helps regulators do their jobs. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:315ps22. [PMID: 26606966 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of innovative new medical products along with the need to apply modern technologies to medical-product evaluation has spurred seminal opportunities in regulatory sciences. Here, we provide eight examples of regulatory science research for diverse products. Opportunities abound, particularly in data science and precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ B Altman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Khuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2911, USA
| | - Marc Salit
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2911, USA. Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Rovira Gonzalez YI, Lynch PJ, Thompson EE, Stultz BG, Hursh DA. In vitro cytokine licensing induces persistent permissive chromatin at the Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promoter. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1114-28. [PMID: 27421739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as therapies for inflammatory diseases due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Interferon (IFN)-γ treatment primes MSC immunosuppression partially through induction of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), which depletes tryptophan necessary to support proliferation of activated T cells. We investigated the role of histone modifications in the timing and maintenance of induced IDO1 expression in MSCs under clinical manufacturing conditions, such as cryopreservation. METHODS We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay levels of transcriptionally permissive acetylated H3K9 and repressive trimethylated H3K9 histone modifications surrounding the transcriptional start site for IDO1, and reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoblotting to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. RESULTS MSCs derived from three donors approached maximum IDO1 mRNA levels following 24 hours of in vitro cytokine treatment. Induction of IDO1 expression correlated with increased acetylation of H3K9 concomitant with reduction of trimethylated H3K9 modifications at the promoter. Examination of two additional donors confirmed this result. While induced IDO1 levels decreased within 2 days after cytokine removal and freeze thawing, the activated chromatin state was maintained. Upon re-exposure to cytokines, previously primed MSCs accumulated near-maximum IDO1 mRNA levels within 4-8 h. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that in vitro priming of MSCs causes chromatin remodeling at the IDO1 promoter, that this alteration is maintained during processing commonly used to prepare MSCs for clinical use and that, once primed, MSCs are poised for IDO1 expression even in the absence of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin I Rovira Gonzalez
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick J Lynch
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Elaine E Thompson
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Stultz
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Freitag J, Bates D, Boyd R, Shah K, Barnard A, Huguenin L, Tenen A. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy - a review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:230. [PMID: 27229856 PMCID: PMC4880954 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability across the world. With an aging population its prevalence is likely to further increase. Current accepted medical treatment strategies are aimed at symptom control rather than disease modification. Surgical options including joint replacement are not without possible significant complications. A growing interest in the area of regenerative medicine, led by an improved understanding of the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue homeostasis and repair, has seen recent focused efforts to explore the potential of stem cell therapies in the active management of symptomatic osteoarthritis. Encouragingly, results of pre-clinical and clinical trials have provided initial evidence of efficacy and indicated safety in the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This paper explores the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and how mesenchymal stem cells may play a role in future management strategies of this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia.
| | - Dan Bates
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia
| | | | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Leesa Huguenin
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia
| | - Abi Tenen
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Xavier M, Oreffo ROC, Morgan H. Skeletal stem cell isolation: A review on the state-of-the-art microfluidic label-free sorting techniques. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:908-923. [PMID: 27236022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSC) are a sub-population of bone marrow stromal cells that reside in postnatal bone marrow with osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. SSCs reside only in the bone marrow and have organisational and regulatory functions in the bone marrow microenvironment and give rise to the haematopoiesis-supportive stroma. Their differentiation capacity is restricted to skeletal lineages and therefore the term SSC should be clearly distinguished from mesenchymal stem cells which are reported to exist in extra-skeletal tissues and, critically, do not contribute to skeletal development. SSCs are responsible for the unique regeneration capacity of bone and offer unlimited potential for application in bone regenerative therapies. A current unmet challenge is the isolation of homogeneous populations of SSCs, in vitro, with homogeneous regeneration and differentiation capacities. Challenges that limit SSC isolation include a) the scarcity of SSCs in bone marrow aspirates, estimated at between 1 in 10-100,000 mononuclear cells; b) the absence of specific markers and thus the phenotypic ambiguity of the SSC and c) the complexity of bone marrow tissue. Microfluidics provides innovative approaches for cell separation based on bio-physical features of single cells. Here we review the physical principles underlying label-free microfluidic sorting techniques and review their capacity for stem cell selection/sorting from complex (heterogeneous) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Xavier
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom..
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom..
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom..
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Lavoie JR, Creskey MM, Muradia G, Bell GI, Sherman SE, Gao J, Stewart DJ, Cyr TD, Hess DA, Rosu-Myles M. Brief Report: Elastin Microfibril Interface 1 and Integrin-Linked Protein Kinase Are Novel Markers of Islet Regenerative Function in Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2249-55. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R. Lavoie
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marybeth M. Creskey
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals and Biotherapeutics, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program and University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Terry D. Cyr
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Regulatory Research Division; Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Bellayr IH, Marklein RA, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Puri RK. Identification of Predictive Gene Markers for Multipotent Stromal Cell Proliferation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:861-73. [PMID: 27036644 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their distinctive ability to differentiate into different cell lineages, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. They can be isolated from numerous tissue sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and others. Because of their differentiation potential and secretion of growth factors, MSCs are believed to have an inherent quality of regeneration and immune suppression. Cellular expansion is necessary to obtain sufficient numbers for use; however, MSCs exhibit a reduced capacity for proliferation and differentiation after several rounds of passaging. In this study, gene markers of MSC proliferation were identified and evaluated for their ability to predict proliferative quality. Microarray data of human bone marrow-derived MSCs were correlated with two proliferation assays. A collection of 24 genes were observed to significantly correlate with both proliferation assays (|r| >0.70) for eight MSC lines at multiple passages. These 24 identified genes were then confirmed using an additional set of MSCs from eight new donors using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The proliferative potential of the second set of MSCs was measured for each donor/passage for confluency fraction, fraction of EdU+ cells, and population doubling time. The second set of MSCs exhibited a greater proliferative potential at passage 4 in comparison to passage 8, which was distinguishable by 15 genes; however, only seven of the genes (BIRC5, CCNA2, CDC20, CDK1, PBK, PLK1, and SPC25) demonstrated significant correlation with MSC proliferation regardless of passage. Our analyses revealed that correlation between gene expression and proliferation was consistently reduced with the inclusion of non-MSC cell lines; therefore, this set of seven genes may be more strongly associated with MSC proliferative quality. Our results pave the way to determine the quality of an MSC population for a particular cellular therapy in lieu of an extended in vitro or in vivo assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bellayr
- 1 Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ross A Marklein
- 2 Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- 2 Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Steven R Bauer
- 2 Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Raj K Puri
- 1 Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Ferlin KM, Kaplan DS, Fisher JP. Separation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through a Strategic Centrifugation Protocol. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:348-59. [PMID: 26797048 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great promise surrounding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), their implementation for tissue engineering strategies remains in the development phases. Many of the concerns regarding the clinical use of MSCs originate from population heterogeneity, during both isolation and differentiation. In this study, we utilize our previously developed centrifugation cell adhesion protocol for the separation of MSCs. Our findings reveal that MSCs can be isolated from whole bone marrow using a 200 g (700 pN) centrifugal force after 24 h of culture on polystyrene with cell surface marker expression equivalent to positive controls. During differentiation, a centrifugation protocol with identical force parameters could be applied 14 days into chondrogenic differentiation to isolate differentiated chondrocytes, which exhibited increased expression of chondrogenic markers compared to controls. In summary, the use of our developed centrifugation cell adhesion protocol has proven to be an effective means to separate MSC populations, decreasing the heterogeneity of subsequent cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ferlin
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - David S Kaplan
- 2 Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA, CDRH) , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - John P Fisher
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
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Marklein RA, Lo Surdo JL, Bellayr IH, Godil SA, Puri RK, Bauer SR. High Content Imaging of Early Morphological Signatures Predicts Long Term Mineralization Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells upon Osteogenic Induction. Stem Cells 2016; 34:935-47. [PMID: 26865267 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent an attractive cell source for many regenerative medicine applications due to their potential for multi-lineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and paracrine factor secretion. A major complication for current MSC-based therapies is the lack of well-defined characterization methods that can robustly predict how they will perform in a particular in vitro or in vivo setting. Significant advances have been made with identifying molecular markers of MSC quality and potency using multivariate genomic and proteomic approaches, and more recently with advanced techniques incorporating high content imaging to assess high-dimensional single cell morphological data. We sought to expand upon current methods of high dimensional morphological analysis by investigating whether short term cell and nuclear morphological profiles of MSCs from multiple donors (at multiple passages) correlated with long term mineralization upon osteogenic induction. Using the combined power of automated high content imaging followed by automated image analysis, we demonstrated that MSC morphology after 3 days was highly correlated with 35 day mineralization and comparable to other methods of MSC osteogenesis assessment (such as alkaline phosphatase activity). We then expanded on this initial morphological characterization and identified morphological features that were highly predictive of mineralization capacities (>90% accuracy) of MSCs from additional donors and different manufacturing techniques using linear discriminant analysis. Together, this work thoroughly demonstrates the predictive power of MSC morphology for mineralization capacity and motivates further studies into MSC morphology as a predictive marker for additional in vitro and in vivo responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Marklein
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian H Bellayr
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Saniya A Godil
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Stultz BG, McGinnis K, Thompson EE, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Hursh DA. Chromosomal stability of mesenchymal stromal cells during in vitro culture. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:336-43. [PMID: 26780865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated for use in cell therapy. The extensive in vitro expansion necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical use increases the risk that genetically abnormal cells will arise and be propagated during cell culture. Genetic abnormalities may lead to transformation and poor performance in clinical use, and are a critical safety concern for cell therapies using MSCs. METHODS We used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to investigate the genetic stability of human MSCs from ten donors during passaging. RESULTS Our data indicate that chromosomal abnormalities exist in MSCs at early passages and can be clonally propagated. The karyotypic abnormalities observed during our study diminished during passage. CONCLUSIONS Karyotyping of MSCs reveals characteristics which may be valuable in deciding the suitability of cells for further use. Karyotypic analysis is useful for monitoring the genetic stability of MSCs during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Stultz
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine E Thompson
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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48
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Effects of Serial Passage on the Characteristics and Cardiac and Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9291013. [PMID: 26798365 PMCID: PMC4699056 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9291013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. It is important to guarantee the quality of stem cells. Serial passage is the main approach to expand stem cells. This study evaluated effects of serial passage on the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ MSCs). Methods. Biological properties of WJ MSCs in the early (less than 10 passages, P10), middle (P11–20), and late (more than P20) phases including cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, senescence, oncogene expression, stemness marker expression, and differentiation capacity were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blot. Results. It was found that there were no significant differences in cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, and stemness marker expression in different phases. However, the expression of senescence-related gene, p21, and oncogene, c-Myc, was significantly upregulated in the late phase, which had close relations with the obviously increased cell senescence. Moreover, cardiac differentiation capability of WJ MSCs decreased whereas the propensity for neural differentiation increased significantly in the middle phase. Conclusions. This study reveals that WJ MSCs in the early and middle phases are relatively stable, and effect of serial passage on the lineage-specific differentiation should be considered carefully.
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49
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Comparison of the depolarization response of human mesenchymal stem cells from different donors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18279. [PMID: 26658512 PMCID: PMC4677319 DOI: 10.1038/srep18279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectric signaling is currently being explored as a novel regulator of cell processes in non-excitable cells. In particular, stem cells have demonstrated increasing evidence of electrophysiology-mediated regulation of stemness acquisition, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. However, in light of many reports of primary stem cell heterogeneity, it is important to characterize the variability of stem cell response to biophysical manipulations in order to assess the utility of bioelectric modulation as a universal strategy for stem cell control. In this work, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from five donors were evaluated for their response to membrane potential (Vmem) depolarization. We compared the inter-donor variability of their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, as well as their ability to maintain a differentiated phenotype after induction. We identified the markers that responded most consistently across donors and found that calcium deposition and gene expression of bone sialoprotein, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid binding protein 4 are the preferred markers for assessing differentiation response to Vmem depolarization. We also note that since there exists variability even among some of these markers, these assays should be performed on any newly acquired hMSC population if their bioelectric properties are to be studied further.
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50
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Mindaye ST, Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Alterman MA. System-wide survey of proteomic responses of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) to in vitro cultivation. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:655-664. [PMID: 26523674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs, also loosely called bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are the subject of increasing numbers of clinical trials and laboratory research. Our group recently reported on the optimization of a workflow for a sensitive proteomic study of hBMSCs. Here, we couple this workflow with a label-free protein quantitation method to investigate the molecular responses of hBMSCs to long-term in vitro passaging. We explored the proteomic responses of hBMSCs by assessing the expression levels of proteins at early passage (passage 3, P3) and late passage (P7). We used multiple biological as well as technical replicates to ensure that the detected proteomic changes are repeatable between cultures and thus likely to be biologically relevant. Over 1700 proteins were quantified at three passages and a list of differentially expressed proteins was compiled. Bioinformatics-based network analysis and term enrichment revealed that metabolic pathways are largely altered, where many proteins in the glycolytic, pentose phosphate, and TCA pathways were shown to be largely upregulated in late passages. We also observed significant proteomic alterations in functional categories including apoptosis, and ER-based protein processing and sorting following in vitro cell aging. We posit that the comprehensive map outlined in this report of affected phenotypes as well as the underpinning molecular factors tremendously benefit the effort to uncovering targets that are not just used only to monitor cell fitness but can be employed to slowdown the in vitro aging process in hBMSCs and hence ensure manufacturing of cells with known quality, efficacy and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Mindaye
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jessica Lo Surdo
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michail A Alterman
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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