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Electrical stimulation of piezoelectric BaTiO3 coated Ti6Al4V scaffolds promotes anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages and bone repair via MAPK/JNK inhibition and OXPHOS activation. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121990. [PMID: 36586147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a highly synchronized process that requires multiple biochemical, bioelectrical, mechanical, and other physiological cues. The restoration and delivery of electrical cues locally through piezoelectric materials have been demonstrated to facilitate osteogenesis in vitro and bone repair in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism by which piezoelectric stimulation promotes osteogenesis and bone repair remains unclear yet, limiting the design and clinical application of piezoelectric materials for bone repair. Herein, a piezoelectric BaTiO3/Ti6Al4V (BT/Ti) scaffold was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of a uniform BaTiO3 layer on three dimensionally printed Ti6Al4V scaffold. The BT/Ti scaffolds exhibited piezoelectricity and favorable biocompatibility with RAW264.7 macrophages after polarization. In vitro results demonstrated that the piezoelectric effects of the poled BT/Ti scaffolds promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and immunoregulatory osteogenesis of MC-3T3 osteoblasts. In a subcutaneous implantation model, a higher proportion of CD68+ CD206+ M2 macrophages was observed in the tissues around the poled BT/Ti scaffolds under low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation. Improvements in macrophage M2 polarization and bone regeneration were further identified in a sheep cervical corpectomy model. RNA sequencing and mechanistic investigation revealed that the piezoelectric BT/Ti (poled) scaffolds inhibited the inflammatory MAPK/JNK signaling cascade and activated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP synthesis in macrophages. Collectively, our study provides a promising method for regulating the immune microenvironment and enhancing bone regeneration using polarized piezoelectric BT/Ti scaffolds.
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Sahm F, Freiin Grote V, Zimmermann J, Haack F, Uhrmacher AM, van Rienen U, Bader R, Detsch R, Jonitz-Heincke A. Long-term stimulation with alternating electric fields modulates the differentiation and mineralization of human pre-osteoblasts. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965181. [PMID: 36246121 PMCID: PMC9562827 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical stimulation by electric fields can promote bone formation in bone defects of critical size. Even though, long-term effects of alternating electric fields on the differentiation of osteoblasts are not fully understood. Human pre-osteoblasts were stimulated over 31 days to gain more information about these cellular processes. An alternating electric field with 0.7 Vrms and 20 Hz at two distances was applied and viability, mineralization, gene expression, and protein release of differentiation factors were analyzed. The viability was enhanced during the first days of stimulation. A higher electric field resulted in upregulation of typical osteogenic markers like osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and interleukin-6, but no significant changes in mineralization. Upregulation of the osteogenic markers could be detected with a lower electric field after the first days of stimulation. As a significant increase in the mineralized matrix was identified, an enhanced osteogenesis due to low alternating electric fields can be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sahm
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sahm, ; Anika Jonitz-Heincke,
| | - Vivica Freiin Grote
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julius Zimmermann
- Chair of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Institute for General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adelinde M. Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Chair of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Institute for General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sahm, ; Anika Jonitz-Heincke,
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Guillot-Ferriols M, Lanceros-Méndez S, Gómez Ribelles JL, Gallego Ferrer G. Electrical stimulation: Effective cue to direct osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells? BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212918. [PMID: 35913228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a major role in bone tissue engineering (BTE) thanks to their capacity for osteogenic differentiation and being easily available. In vivo, MSCs are exposed to an electroactive microenvironment in the bone niche, which has piezoelectric properties. The correlation between the electrically active milieu and bone's ability to adapt to mechanical stress and self-regenerate has led to using electrical stimulation (ES) as physical cue to direct MSCs differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage in BTE. This review summarizes the different techniques to electrically stimulate MSCs to induce their osteoblastogenesis in vitro, including general electrical stimulation and substrate mediated stimulation by means of conductive or piezoelectric cell culture supports. Several aspects are covered, including stimulation parameters, treatment times and cell culture media to summarize the best conditions for inducing MSCs osteogenic commitment by electrical stimulation, from a critical point of view. Electrical stimulation activates different signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) Smad-dependent or independent, regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38. The roles of voltage gate calcium channels (VGCC) and integrins are also highlighted according to their application technique and parameters, mainly converging in the expression of RUNX2, the master regulator of the osteogenic differentiation pathway. Despite the evident lack of homogeneity in the approaches used, the ever-increasing scientific evidence confirms ES potential as an osteoinductive cue, mimicking aspects of the in vivo microenvironment and moving one step forward to the translation of this approach into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillot-Ferriols
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Universidade do Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J L Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
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Dittmann KH, Mayer C, Stephan H, Mieth C, Bonin M, Lechmann B, Rodemann HP. Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene- and protein expression profiles. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35499653 PMCID: PMC9061914 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing. Methods Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. Results We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA-expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). Conclusions In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9.
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Hao Z, Xu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Li H, Chen T, Hu Y, Chen R, Huang K, Chen C, Li J. Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790050. [PMID: 34858997 PMCID: PMC8630705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli. In this review, distinctive biophysical stimuli coupled with their osteoinductive windows or parameters are initially presented to induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, osteoinductive mechanisms of biophysical transduction (a combination of mechanotransduction and electrocoupling) are reviewed to direct the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These mechanisms include biophysical sensing, transmission, and regulation. Furthermore, distinctive application strategies of biophysical stimuli are presented for bone tissue engineering, including predesigned biomaterials, tissue-engineered bone grafts, and postoperative biophysical stimuli loading strategies. Finally, ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kegang Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Proactive Health Management Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hefeng Central Hospital, Enshi, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gelmi A, Schutt CE. Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001125. [PMID: 32996270 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli-responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gelmi
- School of Science College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Knight Cancer Institute Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR) Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
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Zhang Z, Zheng T, Zhu R. Microchip with Single-Cell Impedance Measurements for Monitoring Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Electrical Stimulation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12579-12587. [PMID: 32859132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective induction methods and in situ monitoring are essential for studying the mechanism of biological responses in stem cell differentiation. This article proposes an induction method incorporating electrical stimulation under an inhomogeneous field with single-cell impedance monitoring for studying osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a microchip. The microchip contains an array of sextupole-electrode units for implementing a combination of controllable electrical stimulation and single-cell impedance measurements. MSCs are inducted to osteogenic differentiation under electrical stimulation using quadrupole electrodes and single-cell impedances are monitored in situ using a pair of microelectrodes at each unit center. The proposed microchip adopts an array design to monitor a number of MSCs in parallel, which improves measurement throughput and facilitates to carry out statistic tests. We perform osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on the microchip with and without electrical stimulation meanwhile monitoring single-cell impedance in real time for 21 days. The recorded impedance results show the detailed characteristic change of MSCs at the single-cell level during osteogenic differentiation, which demonstrates a significant difference between the conditions with and without electrical stimulation. The cell morphology and various staining analyses are also used to validate osteogenesis and correlate with the impedance expression. Correlation analysis of the impedance measurement, cell morphology, and various staining assays proves the great acceleration effect of the proposed electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The proposed impedance method can monitor the dynamic process of cell development and study heterogeneity of stem cell differentiation at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurements Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurements Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurements Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Angulo-Pineda C, Srirussamee K, Palma P, Fuenzalida VM, Cartmell SH, Palza H. Electroactive 3D Printed Scaffolds Based on Percolated Composites of Polycaprolactone With Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide for Antibacterial and Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E428. [PMID: 32121237 PMCID: PMC7152842 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Applying electrical stimulation (ES) could affect different cellular mechanisms, thereby producing a bactericidal effect and an increase in human cell viability. Despite its relevance, this bioelectric effect has been barely reported in percolated conductive biopolymers. In this context, electroactive polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with conductive Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TrGO) nanoparticles were obtained by a 3D printing method. Under direct current (DC) along the percolated scaffolds, a strong antibacterial effect was observed, which completely eradicated S. aureus on the surface of scaffolds. Notably, the same ES regime also produced a four-fold increase in the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells attached to the 3D conductive PCL/TrGO scaffold compared with the pure PCL scaffold. These results have widened the design of novel electroactive composite polymers that could both eliminate the bacteria adhered to the scaffold and increase human cell viability, which have great potential in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Angulo-Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| | - Kasama Srirussamee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Patricia Palma
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | | | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Humberto Palza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
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Stamatopoulos A, Stamatopoulos T, Gamie Z, Kenanidis E, Ribeiro RDC, Rankin KS, Gerrand C, Dalgarno K, Tsiridis E. Mesenchymal stromal cells for bone sarcoma treatment: Roadmap to clinical practice. J Bone Oncol 2019; 16:100231. [PMID: 30956944 PMCID: PMC6434099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and progression, as it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current management of large bone sarcomas typically includes the complex therapeutic approach of limb salvage or sacrifice combined with pre- and postoperative multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and is still associated with high recurrence rates. The development of cellular strategies against specific characteristics of tumour cells appears to be promising, as they can target cancer cells selectively. Recently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the subject of significant research in orthopaedic clinical practice through their use in regenerative medicine. Further research has been directed at the use of MSCs for more personalized bone sarcoma treatments, taking advantage of their wide range of potential biological functions, which can be augmented by using tissue engineering approaches to promote healing of large defects. In this review, we explore the use of MSCs in bone sarcoma treatment, by analyzing MSCs and tumour cell interactions, transduction of MSCs to target sarcoma, and their clinical applications on humans concerning bone regeneration after bone sarcoma extraction.
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Key Words
- 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AAT, a1-antitrypsin
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- ASC, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells
- Abs, antibodies
- Ang1, angiopoietin-1
- BD, bone defect
- BMMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
- Biology
- Bone
- CAM, cell adhesion molecules
- CCL5, chemokine ligand 5
- CCR2, chemokine receptor 2
- CD, classification determinants
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CLUAP1, clusterin associated protein 1
- CSPG4, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- CXCL12/CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 4
- CXCL12/CXCR7, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 7
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor type 4
- Cell
- DBM, Demineralized Bone Marrow
- DKK1, dickkopf-related protein 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factors-2
- FGF-7, fibroblast growth factors-7
- GD2, disialoganglioside 2
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HMGB1/RACE, high mobility group box-1 protein/ receptor for advanced glycation end-products
- IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- IFN-α, interferon alpha
- IFN-β, interferon beta
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-12, interleukin-12
- IL-18, interleukin-18
- IL-1b, interleukin-1b
- IL-21, interleukin-21
- IL-2a, interleukin-2a
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IL11RA, Interleukin 11 Receptor Subunit Alpha
- MAGE, melanoma antigen gene
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2
- MMP2/9, matrix metalloproteinase-2/9
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
- Mesenchymal
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Orthopaedic
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Regeneration
- SC, stem cells
- SCF, stem cells factor
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor 1
- STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Sarcoma
- Stromal
- TAAs, tumour-associated antigens
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-b, transforming growth factor beta
- TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TRAIL, tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tissue
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- WBCs, white blood cell
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stromal cells
- rh-TRAIL, recombinant human tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodosios Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zakareya Gamie
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ricardo Da Conceicao Ribeiro
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kenneth Samora Rankin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig Gerrand
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
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Huang Y, Deng H, Fan Y, Zheng L, Che J, Li X, Aifantis KE. Conductive nanostructured Si biomaterials enhance osteogeneration through electrical stimulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109748. [PMID: 31349398 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the differentiation of stem cells is affected by the cell culture medium, the scaffold surface and electrochemical signals. However, stimulation of patterned biomaterials seeded with stem cell cultures has not been explored. Herein the effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on solid and nanoporous micropyramid patterned Si surfaces was evaluated. It was found that both stimulation and scaffold patterning significantly enhanced osteo-differentiation. The stimulated nanoporous micropyramid scaffolds were more promising compared to the stimulated solid micropyramid surfaces, as they significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs via BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Particularly, as compared to the unstimulated patterned biomaterials, the stimulated patterned scaffolds allowed for a significant increase in core binding factor alpha l, alkaline phosphatase, the alpha l chain of type I Col, osteocalcin, and osteonectin, all of which are characteristic for osteo-differentiation. The proposed combination of electrical stimulation with scaffold patterning may provide novel promising strategies for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lisha Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jifei Che
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Katerina E Aifantis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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11
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Yocham KM, Scott C, Fujimoto K, Brown R, Tanasse E, Oxford JT, Lujan TJ, Estrada D. Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam and Graphene Foam - Tissue Composites. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2018; 20:1800166. [PMID: 30581324 PMCID: PMC6301055 DOI: 10.1002/adem.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene foam (GF), a 3-dimensional derivative of graphene, has received much attention recently for applications in tissue engineering due to its unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Although GF is an appealing material for cartilage tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of GF - tissue composites under dynamic compressive loads have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to measure the elastic and viscoelastic properties of GF and GF-tissue composites under unconfined compression when quasi-static and dynamic loads are applied at strain magnitudes below 20%. The mechanical tests demonstrate a 46% increase in the elastic modulus and a 29% increase in the equilibrium modulus after 28-days of cell culture as compared to GF soaked in tissue culture medium for 24h. There was no significant difference in the amount of stress relaxation, however, the phase shift demonstrated a significant increase between pure GF and GF that had been soaked in tissue culture medium for 24h. Furthermore, we have shown that ATDC5 chondrocyte progenitor cells are viable on graphene foam and have identified the cellular contribution to the mechanical strength and viscoelastic properties of GF - tissue composites, with important implications for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Yocham
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Crystal Scott
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Kiyo Fujimoto
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Raquel Brown
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Emily Tanasse
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Julia T. Oxford
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Trevor J. Lujan
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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12
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Liu Z, Dong L, Wang L, Wang X, Cheng K, Luo Z, Weng W. Mediation of cellular osteogenic differentiation through daily stimulation time based on polypyrrole planar electrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17926. [PMID: 29263335 PMCID: PMC5738366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In electrical stimulation (ES), daily stimulation time means the interacting duration with cells per day, and is a vital factor for mediating cellular function. In the present study, the effect of stimulation time on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated under ES on polypyrrole (Ppy) planar interdigitated electrodes (IDE). The results demonstrated that only a suitable daily stimulation time supported to obviously upregulate the expression of ALP protein and osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, Col-I, Runx2 and OCN), while a short or long daily stimulation time showed no significant outcomes. These might be attributed to the mechanism that an ES induced transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, which was responsible for activating calcium ion signaling pathway to enhance cellular osteogenic differentiation. A shorter daily time could lead to insufficient duration for the transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, and a longer daily time could give rise to cellular fatigue with no transient change. This work therefore provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of cell responses to ES and will have an impact on further designing materials to mediate cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongkuan Luo
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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13
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Thiagarajan L, Abu‐Awwad HAM, Dixon JE. Osteogenic Programming of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Highly Efficient Intracellular Delivery of RUNX2. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2146-2159. [PMID: 29090533 PMCID: PMC5702512 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being exploited in regenerative medicine due to their tri-lineage differentiation and immunomodulation activity. Currently, there are two major challenges when directing the differentiation of MSCs for therapeutic applications. First, chemical and growth factor strategies to direct osteogenesis in vivo lack specificity for targeted delivery with desired effects. Second, MSC differentiation by gene therapy is difficult as transfection with existing approaches is clinically impractical (viral transfection) or have low efficacy (lipid-mediated transfection). These challenges can be avoided by directly delivering nonvirally derived recombinant protein transcription factors with the glycosaminoglycan-binding enhanced transduction (GET) delivery system (P21 and 8R peptides). We used the osteogenic master regulator, RUNX2 as a programming factor due to its stage-specific role in osteochondral differentiation pathways. Herein, we engineered GET-fusion proteins and compared sequential osteogenic changes in MSCs, induced by exposure to GET fusion proteins or conventional stimulation methods (dexamethasone and Bone morphogenetic protein 2). By assessing loss of stem cell-surface markers, upregulation of osteogenic genes and matrix mineralization, we demonstrate that GET-RUNX2 efficiently transduces MSCs and triggers osteogenesis by enhancing target gene expression directly. The high transduction efficiency of GET system holds great promise for stem cell therapies by allowing reproducible transcriptional control in stem cells, potentially bypassing problems observed with high-concentration growth-factor or pleiotropic steroid therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:2146-2159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Thiagarajan
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Hosam Al‐Deen M. Abu‐Awwad
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - James E. Dixon
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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14
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Zhu S, Jing W, Hu X, Huang Z, Cai Q, Ao Y, Yang X. Time-dependent effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on conductive nanofibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3369-3383. [PMID: 28795778 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering using bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) is a multidisciplinary strategy that requires biodegradable scaffold, cell, various promoting cues to work simultaneously. Electrical stimulation (ES) is known able to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but it is interesting to know how can it play the strongest promotion effect. To strengthen local ES on BMSCs, parallel-aligned conductive nanofibers were electrospun from the mixtures of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and used for cell culture. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was conducted by applying ES (direct current, 1.5 V, 1.5 h/day) perpendicular to the fiber direction during the day 1-7, day 8-14, or day 15-21 period of the osteoinductive culture. In comparison with ES-free groups, bone-related markers and genes were found significantly up-regulated when ES was applied on BMSCs growing on nanofibers having higher conductivity. When the ES was applied at the earlier stage of osteoinductive culture, the promotion effect on osteogenic differentiation would be stronger. In the presence of a BMP blocker, the down-regulated expressions of bone-related genes were able to be slightly recovered by ES, especially when the ES was applied at the beginning of osteoinductive culture (i.e. day 1-7). The promotion effect generated by ES in the early stage was found sustainable to later stages of differentiation, while those ES applied at later stages of differentiation should have missed the optimal point. In other words, later ES was not so necessary in inducing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3369-3383, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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15
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Balikov DA, Fang B, Chun YW, Crowder SW, Prasai D, Lee JB, Bolotin KI, Sung HJ. Directing lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells by decoupling electrical stimulation and physical patterning on unmodified graphene. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13730-9. [PMID: 27411950 PMCID: PMC4959833 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organization and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to impact the propagation of electrical signals in multiple tissue types. To date, many studies with electroactive biomaterial substrates have relied upon passive electrical stimulation of the ionic media to affect cell behavior. However, development of cell culture systems in which stimulation can be directly applied to the material - thereby isolating the signal to the cell-material interface and cell-cell contracts - would provide a more physiologically-relevant paradigm for investigating how electrical cues modulate lineage-specific stem cell differentiation. In the present study, we have employed unmodified, directly-stimulated, (un)patterned graphene as a cell culture substrate to investigate how extrinsic electrical cycling influences the differentiation of naïve human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without the bias of exogenous biochemicals. We first demonstrated that cyclic stimulation does not deteriorate the cell culture media or result in cytotoxic pH, which are critical experiments for correct interpretation of changes in cell behavior. We then measured how the expression of osteogenic and neurogenic lineage-specific markers were altered simply by exposure to electrical stimulation and/or physical patterns. Expression of the early osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 was increased by electrical stimulation on all graphene substrates, but the mature marker osteopontin was only modulated when stimulation was combined with physical patterns. In contrast, the expression of the neurogenic markers MAP2 and β3-tubulin were enhanced in all electrical stimulation conditions, and were less responsive to the presence of patterns. These data indicate that specific combinations of non-biological inputs - material type, electrical stimulation, physical patterns - can regulate hMSC lineage specification. This study represents a substantial step in understanding how the interplay of electrophysical stimuli regulate stem cell behavior and helps to clarify the potential for graphene substrates in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Brian Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Dhiraj Prasai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kiril I Bolotin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Strategies that seek to enhance musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and repair by modulating the biologic microenvironment at the site of injury have considerable therapeutic potential. Current and emerging biologic approaches include the use of growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, stem cell therapy, and scaffolds. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons hosted a research symposium in November 2015 to review the current state-of-the-art biologic treatments of articular cartilage, muscle, tendon, and bone injuries and identify knowledge gaps related to these emerging treatments. This review outlines the findings of the symposium and summarizes the consensus reached on how best to advance research on biologic treatment of orthopaedic injuries.
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