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Li Y, Peng J, Li H, Zhang R, Chen J, Hou X, Yang G. Integrating pyriproxyfen into the incompatible insect technique enhances mosquito population suppression efficiency and eliminates the risk of population replacement. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39072896 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incompatible insect technique (IIT) has been used for Aedes mosquito population suppression to curb the transmission of dengue. However, its wide application is limited owing to the low output of male mosquitoes and the risk of population replacement from the release of fertile Wolbachia-infected females. This study aims to improve IIT efficiency for broader adoption. RESULTS We assessed the impact of 10% pyriproxyfen (PPF) sticky powder exposure on Wolbachia (from Culex molestus)-transinfected Aedes albopictus Guangzhou line (GUA line) (GC) mosquitoes. We found that the exposure caused chronic toxicity in adult mosquitoes without affecting the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)-inducing capability of males. The PPF-contaminated GC females exhibited significant sterilization and the ability to disseminate lethal doses of PPF to breeding sites. Subsequently, we conducted a field trial combining PPF with IIT aiming to suppress the Ae. albopictus population. This combined approach, termed boosted IIT (BIIT), showed a notable enhancement in population suppression efficiency. The improved efficacy of BIIT was attributed to the dispersion of PPF particles in the field via the released PPF-contaminated male mosquitoes. During the BIIT field trial, no Wolbachia wPip-positive Ae. albopictus larvae were detected, indicating the effective elimination of the risk of Wolbachia-induced population replacement. Additionally, the field trial of BIIT against Ae. albopictus resulted in the suppression of the nontarget mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the remarkable efficiency and feasibility of combining IIT with PPF in suppressing mosquito populations, facilitating the widespread implementation of IIT-based management of mosquito-borne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Naidoo K, Oliver SV. Gene drives: an alternative approach to malaria control? Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41434-024-00468-8. [PMID: 39039203 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Genetic modification for the control of mosquitoes is frequently touted as a solution for a variety of vector-borne diseases. There has been some success using non-insecticidal methods like sterile or incompatible insect techniques to control arbovirus diseases. However, control by genetic modifications to reduce mosquito populations or create mosquitoes that are refractory to infection with pathogens are less developed. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene drives may advance this mechanism of control. In this review, use and progress of gene drives for vector control, particularly for malaria, is discussed. A brief history of population suppression and replacement gene drives in mosquitoes, rapid advancement of the field over the last decade and how genetic modification fits into the current scope of vector control are described. Mechanisms of alternative vector control by genetic modification to modulate mosquitoes' immune responses and anti-parasite effector molecules as part of a combinational strategy to combat malaria are considered. Finally, the limitations and ethics of using gene drives for mosquito control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubendran Naidoo
- SAMRC/Wits Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shüné V Oliver
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Weng SC, Chen F, Li M, Lee S, Gerry C, Turksoy DC, Akbari OS. Establishing a Male-Positive Genetic Sexing Strain in the Asian Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603997. [PMID: 39071362 PMCID: PMC11275880 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Genetic biocontrol interventions targeting mosquito-borne diseases require the release of male mosquitoes exclusively, as only females consume blood and transmit human pathogens. This reduces the risk of spreading pathogens while enabling effective population control. Robust sex sorting methods to enable early larval sorting in mosquitoes need to be developed to allow for scalable sex sorting for genetic biocontrol interventions. This study applies the SEPARATOR (Sexing Element Produced by Alternative RNA-splicing of A Transgenic Observable Reporter) system, previously developed for Aedes aegypti , to the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi . We hypothesized that the intron from the doublesex gene in Anopheles gambiae would function in An. stephensi due to evolutionary conservation. Our results confirm that the splicing module from An. gambiae operates effectively in An. stephensi , demonstrating evolutionary conservation in sex-specific splicing events between these species. This system enables reliable positive male selection from first instar larval to pupal stages. RT-PCR analysis demonstrates that male-specific EGFP expression is dependent on doublesex sex-specific splicing events. The SEPARATOR system's independence from sex-chromosome linkage confers resistance to meiotic recombination and chromosomal rearrangements. This approach may facilitate the mass release of males, and the cross-species portability of SEPARATOR establishes it as a valuable tool for genetic biocontrol interventions across various pest species.
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Apte RA, Smidler AL, Pai JJ, Chow ML, Chen S, Mondal A, Sánchez C. HM, Antoshechkin I, Marshall JM, Akbari OS. Eliminating malaria vectors with precision-guided sterile males. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312456121. [PMID: 38917000 PMCID: PMC11228498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312456121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the principal African malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, is considered essential to curtail malaria transmission. However, existing vector control technologies rely on insecticides, which are becoming increasingly ineffective. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a powerful suppression approach that has successfully eradicated a number of insect pests, yet the A. gambiae toolkit lacks the requisite technologies for its implementation. SIT relies on iterative mass releases of nonbiting, nondriving, sterile males which seek out and mate with monandrous wild females. Once mated, females are permanently sterilized due to mating-induced refractoriness, which results in population suppression of the subsequent generation. However, sterilization by traditional methods renders males unfit, making the creation of precise genetic sterilization methods imperative. Here, we introduce a vector control technology termed precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT), in A. gambiae for inducible, programmed male sterilization and female elimination for wide-scale use in SIT campaigns. Using a binary CRISPR strategy, we cross separate engineered Cas9 and gRNA strains to disrupt male-fertility and female-essential genes, yielding >99.5% male sterility and >99.9% female lethality in hybrid progeny. We demonstrate that these genetically sterilized males have good longevity, are able to induce sustained population suppression in cage trials, and are predicted to eliminate wild A. gambiae populations using mathematical models, making them ideal candidates for release. This work provides a valuable addition to the malaria genetic biocontrol toolkit, enabling scalable SIT-like confinable, species-specific, and safe suppression in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema A. Apte
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Andrea L. Smidler
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - James J. Pai
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Martha L. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Sanle Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Agastya Mondal
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Héctor M. Sánchez C.
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Igor Antoshechkin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - John M. Marshall
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
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Boonyuan W, Panthawong A, Thannarin T, Kongratarporn T, Khamvarn V, Chareonviriyaphap T, Nararak J. Irritant and repellent behaviors of sterile male Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes are crucial in the development of disease control strategies applying sterile insect technique. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17038. [PMID: 38529314 PMCID: PMC10962334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti, known to transmit important arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. Given the importance of this disease vector, a number of control programs have been proposed involving the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, the success of this technique hinges on having a good understanding of the biology and behavior of the male mosquito. Behavioral responses of Ae. aegypti male populations developed for SIT technology were tested under laboratory conditions against chemical and natural irritants and repellents using an excito-repellency (ER) chamber. The results showed that there were no significant behavioral escape responses in any of the radiation-sterilized male Ae. aegypti test populations when exposed to citronella, DEET, transfluthrin, and deltamethrin, suggesting that SIT did not suppress the expected irritancy and repellency (avoidance) behaviors. The type of information reported in the current study is vital in defining the effects of SIT on vector behavior and understanding how such behavior may influence the success of SIT technology with regard to other vector control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Boonyuan
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Panthawong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thodsapon Thannarin
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Titima Kongratarporn
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Vararas Khamvarn
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | | | - Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liang C, Huo HF, Xiang H. Modelling mosquito population suppression based on competition system with strong and weak Allee effect. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5227-5249. [PMID: 38872534 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are threatening half of the world's population. To prevent the spread of malaria, dengue fever, or other mosquito-borne diseases, a new disease control strategy is to reduce or eradicate the wild mosquito population by releasing sterile mosquitoes. To study the effects of sterile insect technique on mosquito populations, we developed a mathematical model of constant release of sterile Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with strong and weak Allee effect and considered interspecific competition with Anopheles mosquitoes. We calculated multiple release thresholds and investigated the dynamical behavior of this model. In order to get closer to reality, an impulsive differential equation model was also introduced to study mosquito suppression dynamics under the strategy of releasing $ c $ sterile male mosquitoes at each interval time $ T $. Finally, the relationship between the releasing amount or the waiting period and the number of days required to suppress mosquitoes was illustrated by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hai-Feng Huo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Aldridge RL, Gibson S, Linthicum KJ. Aedes aegypti Controls AE. Aegypti: SIT and IIT-An Overview. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2024; 40:32-49. [PMID: 38427588 DOI: 10.2987/23-7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT) are emerging and potentially revolutionary tools for controlling Aedes aegypti (L.), a prominent worldwide mosquito vector threat to humans that is notoriously difficult to reduce or eliminate in intervention areas using traditional integrated vector management (IVM) approaches. Here we provide an overview of the discovery, development, and application of SIT and IIT to Ae. aegypti control, and innovations and advances in technology, including transgenics, that could elevate these techniques to a worldwide sustainable solution to Ae. aegypti when combined with other IVM practices.
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Zhu Z, Feng X, He X, Guo H. Mirrored dynamics of a wild mosquito population suppression model with Ricker-type survival probability and time delay. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:1884-1898. [PMID: 38454666 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Here, we formulated a delayed mosquito population suppression model including two switching sub-equations, in which we assumed that the growth of the wild mosquito population obeys the Ricker-type density-dependent survival function and the release period of sterile males equals the maturation period of wild mosquitoes. For the time-switched delay model, to tackle with the difficulties brought by the non-monotonicity of its growth term to its dynamical analysis, we employed an essential transformation, derived an auxiliary function and obtained some expected analytical results. Finally, we proved that under certain conditions, the number of periodic solutions and their global attractivities for the delay model mirror that of the corresponding delay-free model. The findings can boost a better understanding of the impact of the time delay on the creation/suppression of oscillations harbored by the mosquito population dynamics and enhance the success of real-world mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcai Zhu
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- College of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- School of Mathematics and Informational Technology, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Xue He
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hongpeng Guo
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- College of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Finda MF, Juma EO, Kahamba NF, Mthawanji RS, Sambo M, Emidi B, Wiener S, O'Brochta D, Santos M, James S, Okumu FO. Perspectives of African stakeholders on gene drives for malaria control and elimination: a multi-country survey. Malar J 2023; 22:384. [PMID: 38129897 PMCID: PMC10740233 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene drive modified mosquitoes (GDMMs) have the potential to address Africa's persistent malaria problem, but are still in early stages of development and testing. Continuous engagement of African stakeholders is crucial for successful evaluation and implementation of these technologies. The aim of this multi-country study was, therefore, to explore the insights and recommendations of key stakeholders across Africa on the potential of GDMMs for malaria control and elimination in the continent. METHODS A concurrent mixed-methods study design was used, involving a structured survey administered to 180 stakeholders in 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by 18 in-depth discussions with selected groups and individuals. Stakeholders were drawn from academia, research and regulatory institutions, government ministries of health and environment, media and advocacy groups. Thematic content analysis was used to identify key topics from the in-depth discussions, and descriptive analysis was done to summarize information from the survey data. RESULTS Despite high levels of awareness of GDMMs among the stakeholders (76.7%), there was a relatively low-level of understanding of their key attributes and potential for malaria control (28.3%). When more information about GDMMs was provided to the stakeholders, they readily discussed their insights and concerns, and offered several recommendations to ensure successful research and implementation of the technology. These included: (i) increasing relevant technical expertise within Africa, (ii) generating local evidence on safety, applicability, and effectiveness of GDMMs, and (iii) developing country-specific regulations for safe and effective governance of GDMMs. A majority of the respondents (92.9%) stated that they would support field trials or implementation of GDMMs in their respective countries. This study also identified significant misconceptions regarding the phase of GDMM testing in Africa, as several participants incorrectly asserted that GDMMs were already present in Africa, either within laboratories or released into the field. CONCLUSION Incorporating views and recommendations of African stakeholders in the ongoing research and development of GDMMs is crucial for instilling stakeholder confidence on their potential application. These findings will enable improved planning for GDMMs in Africa as well as improved target product profiles for the technologies to maximize their potential for solving Africa's enduring malaria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceline F Finda
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania.
| | - Elijah O Juma
- Pan-African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA), Off Mbagathi Road, PO Box 44455-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Najat F Kahamba
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Rhosheen S Mthawanji
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre 3, PO Box 30096, Chichiri, Malawi
| | - Maganga Sambo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Basiliana Emidi
- National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Susan Wiener
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - David O'Brochta
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Michael Santos
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Stephanie James
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Fredros O Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Smuts Avenue, Braamofontein, 2000, South Africa
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Yu J, Li J. Mathematical modelling and release thresholds of transgenic sterile mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2023; 17:2285749. [PMID: 38015718 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2285749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We formulate simple differential equation models to study the impact of releases of transgenic sterile mosquitoes carrying a dominant lethal on mosquito control based on the modified sterile insects technique. The early acting bisex, late acting bisex, early acting female-killing, and late acting female-killing lethality strategies are all considered. We determine release thresholds of the transgenic sterile mosquitoes, respectively, for these models by investigating the existence of positive equilibria and their stability. We compare the model dynamics, in particular, the thresholds of the models numerically. The late acting lethality strategies are generally more effective than their corresponding early acting lethality strategies, but the comparison between the late acting bisex and early acting female-killing lethality strategies depends on different parameter settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Yu
- Guangzhou Center for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Msugupakulya BJ, Urio NH, Jumanne M, Ngowo HS, Selvaraj P, Okumu FO, Wilson AL. Changes in contributions of different Anopheles vector species to malaria transmission in east and southern Africa from 2000 to 2022. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:408. [PMID: 37936155 PMCID: PMC10631025 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria transmission in Africa is facilitated by multiple species of Anopheles mosquitoes. These vectors have different behaviors and vectorial capacities and are affected differently by vector control interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. This review aimed to assess changes in the contribution of different vector species to malaria transmission in east and southern Africa over 20 years of widespread insecticide-based vector control. METHODS We searched PubMed, Global Health, and Web of Science online databases for articles published between January 2000 and April 2023 that provided species-specific sporozoite rates for different malaria vectors in east and southern Africa. We extracted data on study characteristics, biting rates, sporozoite infection proportions, and entomological inoculation rates (EIR). Using EIR data, the proportional contribution of each species to malaria transmission was estimated. RESULTS Studies conducted between 2000 and 2010 identified the Anopheles gambiae complex as the primary malaria vector, while studies conducted from 2011 to 2021 indicated the dominance of Anopheles funestus. From 2000 to 2010, in 57% of sites, An. gambiae demonstrated higher parasite infection prevalence than other Anopheles species. Anopheles gambiae also accounted for over 50% of EIR in 76% of the study sites. Conversely, from 2011 to 2021, An. funestus dominated with higher infection rates than other Anopheles in 58% of sites and a majority EIR contribution in 63% of sites. This trend coincided with a decline in overall EIR and the proportion of sporozoite-infected An. gambiae. The main vectors in the An. gambiae complex in the region were Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), while the important member of the An. funestus group was An. funestus s.s. CONCLUSION The contribution of different vector species in malaria transmission has changed over the past 20 years. As the role of An. gambiae has declined, An. funestus now appears to be dominant in most settings in east and southern Africa. Other secondary vector species may play minor roles in specific localities. To improve malaria control in the region, vector control should be optimized to match these entomological trends, considering the different ecologies and behaviors of the dominant vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betwel J Msugupakulya
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania.
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Naomi H Urio
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Jumanne
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Halfan S Ngowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Prashanth Selvaraj
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Fredros O Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania.
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Park Town, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Anne L Wilson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Kulkarni A, Delgadillo FM, Gayathrinathan S, Grajeda BI, Roy S. Current Status of Omics Studies Elucidating the Features of Reproductive Biology in Blood-Feeding Insects. INSECTS 2023; 14:802. [PMID: 37887814 PMCID: PMC10607566 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Female insects belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes, Glossina, and Rhodnius account for the majority of global vector-borne disease mortality. In response to mating, these female insects undergo several molecular, physiological, and behavioral changes. Studying the dynamic post-mating molecular responses in these insects that transmit human diseases can lead to the identification of potential targets for the development of novel vector control methods. With the continued advancements in bioinformatics tools, we now have the capability to delve into various physiological processes in these insects. Here, we discuss the availability of multiple datasets describing the reproductive physiology of the common blood-feeding insects at the molecular level. Additionally, we compare the male-derived triggers transferred during mating to females, examining both shared and species-specific factors. These triggers initiate post-mating genetic responses in female vectors, affecting not only their reproductive success but also disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.K.); (F.M.D.); (S.G.); (B.I.G.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Frida M. Delgadillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.K.); (F.M.D.); (S.G.); (B.I.G.)
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sharan Gayathrinathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.K.); (F.M.D.); (S.G.); (B.I.G.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Brian I. Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.K.); (F.M.D.); (S.G.); (B.I.G.)
- Biosciences Ph.D. Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.K.); (F.M.D.); (S.G.); (B.I.G.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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13
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Cramer MM, Gabel TM, Duvall LB. Characterizing Physical Interactions between Male and Female Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) in Relation to Female Receptivity and Insemination Outcomes Using a Hydrophobic Fluorescent Dye. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:382-392. [PMID: 37245059 PMCID: PMC10445417 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, presents a major threat to human health across the globe as a vector of disease-causing pathogens. Females of this species generally mate only once. From this single mating event, the female stores sufficient sperm to fertilize the multiple clutches of eggs produced during her lifetime. Mating causes dramatic changes in the female's behavior and physiology, including a lifetime suppression of her mating receptivity. Female rejection behaviors include male avoidance, abdominal twisting, wing-flicking, kicking, and not opening vaginal plates or extruding the ovipositor. Many of these events occur on a scale that is too miniscule or fast to see by eye, so high-resolution videography has been used to observe these behaviors instead. However, videography can be labor intensive, require specialized equipment, and often requires restrained animals. We used an efficient, low-cost method to record physical contact between males and females during attempted and successful mating, determined by recording spermathecal filling after dissection. A hydrophobic oil-based fluorescent dye can be applied to the abdominal tip of one animal and can be subsequently transferred to the genitalia of animals of the opposite sex when genital contact occurs. Our data indicate that male mosquitoes make high levels of contact with both receptive and unreceptive females and that males attempt to mate with more females than they successfully inseminate. Female mosquitoes with disrupted remating suppression mate with and produce offspring from multiple males, transferring dye to each. These data suggest that physical copulatory interactions occur independently of the female's receptivity to mate and that many of these interactions represent unsuccessful mating attempts that do not result in insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas M Gabel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Laura B Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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14
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Li S, Zhang K, Wen J, Zeng Y, Deng Y, Hu Q, Weng Q. Molecular Mechanism of Male Sterility Induced by 60Co γ-Rays on Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Molecules 2023; 28:5727. [PMID: 37570697 PMCID: PMC10420029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) is one of the notorious pests causing substantial loses to numerous cruciferous vegetables across many nations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a safe and effective pest control method, which does not pollute the environment and does not produce drug resistance. We used proteomics technology and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of different doses of radiation treatment on the reproductive ability of male P. xylostella. A total of 606 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the 200 Gy/CK group, 1843 DEPs were identified in the 400 Gy/CK group, and 2057 DEPs were identified in the 400 Gy/200 Gy group. The results showed that after 200 Gy irradiation, the testes resisted radiation damage by increasing energy supply, amino acid metabolism and transport, and protein synthesis, while transcription-related pathways were inhibited. After 400 Gy irradiation, the mitochondria and DNA in the testis tissue of P. xylostella were damaged, which caused cell autophagy and apoptosis, affected the normal life activities of sperm cells, and greatly weakened sperm motility and insemination ability. Meanwhile, Western blotting showed that irradiation affects tyrosine phosphorylation levels, which gradually decrease with increasing irradiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Li
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yukun Deng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qunfang Weng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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15
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Matsufuji T, Seirin-Lee S. The optimal strategy of incompatible insect technique (IIT) using Wolbachia and the application to malaria control. J Theor Biol 2023; 569:111519. [PMID: 37254297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For decades, techniques to control vector population with low environmental impact have been widely explored in both field and theoretical studies. The incompatible insect technique (IIT) using Wolbachia, based on cytoplasmic incompatibility, is a technique that Wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes are incapable of producing viable offspring after mating with wild-type female mosquitoes. While the IIT method experimentally ensured its effectiveness in several field works, the failure of female mosquito population control by replacement owing to the accidental contamination of Wolbachia-infected female mosquitoes has been a concern and an obstacle in implementing the IIT method in nature. In this study, we develop a population-based IIT mathematical model using cytoplasmic incompatibility and evaluate the effectiveness of the IIT method in scenarios where contamination is present or absent. In addition, by extending the model to assess the disease infection status of the human population with malaria, we evaluate the optimal release strategy and cost for successful disease control. Our study proves that IIT could be a promising method to control mosquito-borne diseases without perfect suppression of vector mosquito population regardless of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Matsufuji
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Sungrim Seirin-Lee
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology(ASHBi), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan; Department of Mathematical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan; JST CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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16
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Brown JJ, Pascual M, Wimberly MC, Johnson LR, Murdock CC. Humidity - The overlooked variable in the thermal biology of mosquito-borne disease. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1029-1049. [PMID: 37349261 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause significant financial and human loss, with billions of dollars spent on control. Arthropod vectors experience a complex suite of environmental factors that affect fitness, population growth and species interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Temperature and water availability are two of the most important abiotic variables influencing their distributions and abundances. While extensive research on temperature exists, the influence of humidity on vector and pathogen parameters affecting disease dynamics are less understood. Humidity is often underemphasized, and when considered, is often treated as independent of temperature even though desiccation likely contributes to declines in trait performance at warmer temperatures. This Perspectives explores how humidity shapes the thermal performance of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. We summarize what is known about its effects and propose a conceptual model for how temperature and humidity interact to shape the range of temperatures across which mosquitoes persist and achieve high transmission potential. We discuss how failing to account for these interactions hinders efforts to forecast transmission dynamics and respond to epidemics of mosquito-borne infections. We outline future research areas that will ground the effects of humidity on the thermal biology of pathogen transmission in a theoretical and empirical framework to improve spatial and temporal prediction of vector-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Brown
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mercedes Pascual
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael C Wimberly
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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17
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David OG, Sanchez KM, Arce AV, Costa-da-Silva AL, Bellantuono AJ, DeGennaro M. Fertility decline in female mosquitoes is regulated by the orco olfactory co-receptor. iScience 2023; 26:106883. [PMID: 37275523 PMCID: PMC10239028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes undergo multiple rounds of reproduction, known as gonotrophic cycles. These cycles span the period from blood meal intake to oviposition. Understanding how reproductive success is maintained across gonotrophic cycles allows for the identification of molecular targets to reduce mosquito population growth. Odorant receptor co-receptor (orco) encodes a conserved insect-specific transmembrane ion channel that complexes with tuning odorant receptors (ORs) to form a functional olfactory receptor. orco expression has been identified in the male and female mosquito germline, but its role is unclear. We report an orco-dependent, maternal effect reduction in fertility after the first gonotrophic cycle. This phenotype was removed by CRISPR-Cas9 reversion of the orco mutant locus. Eggs deposited by orco mutant females are fertilized but the embryos reveal developmental defects, reduced hatching, and changes in ion channel signaling gene transcription. We present an unexpected role for an olfactory receptor pathway in mosquito reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka G. David
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kevin M. Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andrea V. Arce
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andre Luis Costa-da-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Anthony J. Bellantuono
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Matthew DeGennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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18
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Cramer MM, Gabel TM, Duvall LB. Characterizing physical interactions between male and female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) in relation to female receptivity and insemination outcomes using a hydrophobic fluorescent dye. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542180. [PMID: 37292930 PMCID: PMC10246000 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, presents a major threat to human health across the globe as a vector of disease-causing pathogens. Females of this species generally mate only once. From this single mating event, the female stores sufficient sperm to fertilize the multiple clutches of eggs produced during her lifetime. Mating causes dramatic changes in the female's behavior and physiology, including a lifetime suppression of her mating receptivity. Female rejection behaviors include male avoidance, abdominal twisting, wing-flicking, kicking, and not opening vaginal plates or extruding the ovipositor. Many of these events occur on a scale that is too miniscule or fast to see by eye, so high-resolution videography has been used to observe these behaviors instead. However, videography can be labor intensive, require specialized equipment, and often requires restrained animals. We used an efficient, low-cost method to record physical contact between males and females during attempted and successful mating, determined by recording spermathecal filling after dissection. A hydrophobic oil-based fluorescent dye can be applied to the abdominal tip of one animal and can be subsequently transferred to the genitalia of animals of the opposite sex when genital contact occurs. Our data indicate that male mosquitoes make high levels of contact with both receptive and unreceptive females and that males attempt to mate with more females than they successfully inseminate. Female mosquitoes with disrupted remating suppression mate with and produce offspring from multiple males, transferring dye to each. These data suggest that physical copulatory interactions occur independently of the female's receptivity to mate and that many of these interactions represent unsuccessful mating attempts that do not result in insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Thomas M. Gabel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Laura B. Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
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19
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Thomas J, Garcia J, Terry M, Mahaney S, Quintanilla O, Silva DC, Morales M, VandeBerg JL. Monodelphis domestica as a Fetal Intra-Cerebral Inoculation Model for Zika Virus Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050733. [PMID: 37242404 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monodelphis domestica (the laboratory opossum) is a marsupial native to South America. At birth, these animals are developmentally equivalent to human embryos at approximately 5 weeks of gestation, which, when coupled with other characteristics including the size of the animals, the development of a robust immune system during juvenile development, and the relative ease of experimental manipulation, have made M. domestica a valuable model in many areas of biomedical research. However, their suitability as models for infectious diseases, especially neurotropic viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), is currently unknown. Here, we describe the replicative effects of ZIKV using a fetal intra-cerebral model of inoculation. Using immunohistology and in situ hybridization, we found that opossum embryos and fetuses are susceptible to infection by ZIKV administered intra-cerebrally, that the infection persists, and that viral replication results in neural pathology and may occasionally result in global growth restriction. These results demonstrate the utility of M. domestica as a new animal model for investigating ZIKV infection in vivo and facilitate further inquiry into viral pathogenesis, particularly for those viruses that are neurotropic, that require a host with the ability to sustain sustained viremia, and/or that may require intra-cerebral inoculations of large numbers of embryos or fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- Center for Vector Borne Disease, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Juan Garcia
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Matthew Terry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Susan Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
| | - Oscar Quintanilla
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Dionn Carlo Silva
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Marisol Morales
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Center for Vector Borne Disease, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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20
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Qureshi YM, Voloshin V, Facchinelli L, McCall PJ, Chervova O, Towers CE, Covington JA, Towers DP. Finding a Husband: Using Explainable AI to Define Male Mosquito Flight Differences. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040496. [PMID: 37106697 PMCID: PMC10135534 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases account for around one million deaths annually. There is a constant need for novel intervention mechanisms to mitigate transmission, especially as current insecticidal methods become less effective with the rise of insecticide resistance among mosquito populations. Previously, we used a near infra-red tracking system to describe the behaviour of mosquitoes at a human-occupied bed net, work that eventually led to an entirely novel bed net design. Advancing that approach, here we report on the use of trajectory analysis of a mosquito flight, using machine learning methods. This largely unexplored application has significant potential for providing useful insights into the behaviour of mosquitoes and other insects. In this work, a novel methodology applies anomaly detection to distinguish male mosquito tracks from females and couples. The proposed pipeline uses new feature engineering techniques and splits each track into segments such that detailed flight behaviour differences influence the classifier rather than the experimental constraints such as the field of view of the tracking system. Each segment is individually classified and the outcomes are combined to classify whole tracks. By interpreting the model using SHAP values, the features of flight that contribute to the differences between sexes are found and are explained by expert opinion. This methodology was tested using 3D tracks generated from mosquito mating swarms in the field and obtained a balanced accuracy of 64.5% and an ROC AUC score of 68.4%. Such a system can be used in a wide variety of trajectory domains to detect and analyse the behaviours of different classes, e.g., sex, strain, and species. The results of this study can support genetic mosquito control interventions for which mating represents a key event for their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Qureshi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vitaly Voloshin
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, London TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Luca Facchinelli
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Philip J McCall
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Olga Chervova
- University of College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Cathy E Towers
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - David P Towers
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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21
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Bakran-Lebl K, Kjær LJ, Conrady B. Predicting Culex pipiens/restuans Population Dynamics Using a Weather-Driven Dynamic Compartmental Population Model. INSECTS 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 36975978 PMCID: PMC10056620 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes of the genus Culex are important vectors of a variety of arthropod-borne viral infections. In most of the northern parts of the USA, Cx. pipiens/restuans is the predominant representative of this genus. As vectors, they play a key role in the spreading of arboviruses and thus, knowledge of the population dynamic of mosquitoes is important to understand the disease ecology of these viruses. As poikilotherm animals, the vital rates of mosquitoes are highly dependent on ambient temperature, and also on precipitation. We present a compartmental model for the population dynamics of Cx. pipiens/restuans. The model is driven by temperature, precipitation, and daytime length (which can be calculated from the geographic latitude). For model evaluation, we used long-term mosquito capture data, which were averaged from multiple sites in Cook County, Illinois. The model fitted the observation data and was able to reproduce between-year differences in the abundance of the Cx. pipiens/restuans mosquitoes, as well as the different seasonal trends. Using this model, we evaluated the effectiveness of targeting different vital rates for mosquito control strategies. The final model is able to reproduce the weekly mean Cx. pipiens/restuans abundance for Cook County with a high accuracy, and over a long time period of 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bakran-Lebl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, AGES—Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lene Jung Kjær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Campus, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Campus, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria
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22
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da Silva EB, de Mendonça CM, Guedes DRD, Paiva MHS, Mendonça JDA, Dias ESF, Florêncio SGL, Amaral A, Netto AM, Lopes CFJA, de Melo-Santos MAV. Effects of gamma radiation on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti (diptera: Culicidae) to transmit Zika virus. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106831. [PMID: 36640923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the limitations of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), conventionally performed by ionizing radiation, regards separating males from females, which is not 100% effective. Some irradiated females may be released together with males in the field at SIT. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ionizing radiation on the ability of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to transmit the Zika virus after exposing female pupae to a 40 Gy of gamma radiation. The results suggest that the genetic damage induced by exposure of females to this dose level promotes their total sterility, but it does not influence their vector competence. However, our data point out that ionizing radiation may decrease the proportion of infective mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvane Borges da Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Postgraduate Programme in Energy and Nuclear Technologies (PROTEN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Messias de Mendonça
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM/Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Centro Acadêmico do Agreste (CAA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaziela de Arruda Mendonça
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM/Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Sloana Giesta Lemos Florêncio
- Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Postgraduate Programme in Energy and Nuclear Technologies (PROTEN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Postgraduate Programme in Energy and Nuclear Technologies (PROTEN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Maciel Netto
- Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Postgraduate Programme in Energy and Nuclear Technologies (PROTEN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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23
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Gómez M, Johnson BJ, Bossin HC, Argilés-Herrero R. Joint FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project on " Mosquito Handling, Transport, Release and Male Trapping Methods" in Support of SIT Application to Control Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2023; 14:108. [PMID: 36835677 PMCID: PMC9961463 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are among the most important public health problems worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylen Gómez
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian J. Johnson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Hervé C. Bossin
- Institut Louis Malardé, William A. Robinson Polynesian Research Center, Medical Entomology Laboratory, P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Rafael Argilés-Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Kayesh MEH, Khalil I, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Increasing Dengue Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010032. [PMID: 36668939 PMCID: PMC9866424 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. The geographic range of dengue is expanding, and much like in many other tropical regions of the world, dengue has become a major public health issue in Bangladesh. Until a large epidemic dengue outbreak in 2000, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh since 1964. After 2000, varying intensities of dengue activity were observed each year until 2018. However, in 2019, Bangladesh experienced the largest dengue epidemic in its history, with 101,354 dengue cases and 164 dengue-related deaths. Notably, this outbreak occurred in many regions that were previously considered free of the disease. As of 10 December 2022, a total of 60,078 dengue cases and 266 dengue-related deaths were reported in Bangladesh, with the 2022 outbreak being the second largest since 2000. There is an increased genetic diversity of the dengue virus (DENV) in Bangladesh and all four DENV serotypes are prevalent and co-circulating, which increases the risk for severe dengue owing to the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Vector control remains the mainstay of dengue outbreak prevention; however, the vector control programs adopted in Bangladesh seem inadequate, requiring improved vector control strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of DENV infection and the risks for a severe dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Additionally, we discuss different dengue vector control strategies, from which the most suitable and effective measures can be applied in the context of Bangladesh for tackling future dengue epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
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The size of larval rearing container modulates the effects of diet amount and larval density on larval development in Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280736. [PMID: 36696416 PMCID: PMC9876358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass-rearing of mosquitoes under laboratory conditions is an important part of several new control techniques that rely on the release of males to control mosquito populations. While previous work has investigated the effect of larval density and diet amount on colony productivity, the role of the size of the container in which larval development takes place has been relatively ignored. We investigated the role of container size in shaping life history and how this varied with density and food availability in Aedes aegypti, an important disease vector and target of mass-rearing operations. For each treatment combination, immature development time and survival and adult body size and fecundity were measured, and then combined into a measure of productivity. We additionally investigated how larval aggregation behaviour varied with container size. Container size had important effects on life history traits and overall productivity. In particular, increasing container size intensified density and diet effects on immature development time. Productivity was also impacted by container size when larvae were reared at high densities (1.4 larva/ml). In these treatments, the productivity metric of large containers was estimated to be significantly lower than medium or small containers. Regardless of container size, larvae were more likely to be observed at the outer edges of containers, even when this led to extremely high localized densities. We discuss how container size and larval aggregation responses may alter the balance of energy input and output to shape development and productivity.
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Ashall J, Shah S, Biggs JR, Chang JNR, Jafari Y, Brady OJ, Mai HK, Lien LT, Do Thai H, Nguyen HAT, Anh DD, Iwasaki C, Kitamura N, Van Loock M, Herrera-Taracena G, Rasschaert F, Van Wesenbeeck L, Yoshida LM, Hafalla JCR, Hue S, Hibberd ML. A phylogenetic study of dengue virus in urban Vietnam shows long-term persistence of endemic strains. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead012. [PMID: 36926448 PMCID: PMC10013730 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes repeated outbreaks of disease in endemic areas, with patterns of local transmission strongly influenced by seasonality, importation via human movement, immunity, and vector control efforts. An understanding of how each of these interacts to enable endemic transmission (continual circulation of local virus strains) is largely unknown. There are times of the year when no cases are reported, often for extended periods of time, perhaps wrongly implying the successful eradication of a local strain from that area. Individuals who presented at a clinic or hospital in four communes in Nha Trang, Vietnam, were initially tested for DENV antigen presence. Enrolled positive individuals then had their corresponding household members invited to participate, and those who enrolled were tested for DENV. The presence of viral nucleic acid in all samples was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and positive samples were then whole-genome sequenced using an amplicon and target enrichment library preparation techniques and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Generated consensus genome sequences were then analysed using phylogenetic tree reconstruction to categorise sequences into clades with a common ancestor, enabling investigations of both viral clade persistence and introductions. Hypothetical introduction dates were additionally assessed using a molecular clock model that calculated the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA). We obtained 511 DENV whole-genome sequences covering four serotypes and more than ten distinct viral clades. For five of these clades, we had sufficient data to show that the same viral lineage persisted for at least several months. We noted that some clades persisted longer than others during the sampling time, and by comparison with other published sequences from elsewhere in Vietnam and around the world, we saw that at least two different viral lineages were introduced into the population during the study period (April 2017-2019). Next, by inferring the TMRCA from the construction of molecular clock phylogenies, we predicted that two of the viral lineages had been present in the study population for over a decade. We observed five viral lineages co-circulating in Nha Trang from three DENV serotypes, with two likely to have remained as uninterrupted transmission chains for a decade. This suggests clade cryptic persistence in the area, even during periods of low reported incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ashall
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sonal Shah
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Joseph R Biggs
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jui-Ning R Chang
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Yalda Jafari
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Oliver J Brady
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Huynh Kim Mai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, Xương Huân, Nha Trang, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thuy Lien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, Xương Huân, Nha Trang, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Do Thai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, Xương Huân, Nha Trang, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Hien Anh Thi Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 P. Yec Xanh, Phạm Đình Hổ, Hai Bà Trưng, Hà Nội, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 P. Yec Xanh, Phạm Đình Hổ, Hai Bà Trưng, Hà Nội, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chihiro Iwasaki
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Janssen R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Herrera-Taracena
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 800 Ridgeview Drive, Horsham, PA 19044, USA
| | - Freya Rasschaert
- Janssen R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | | | - Lay-Myint Yoshida
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Stephane Hue
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martin L Hibberd
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Zhu Z, Yan R, Feng X. Existence and stability of two periodic solutions for an interactive wild and sterile mosquitoes model. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2022; 16:277-293. [PMID: 35007472 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2021.2023666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the periodic and stable dynamics of an interactive wild and sterile mosquito population model with density-dependent survival probability. We find a release amount upper bound G∗, depending on the release waiting period T, such that the model has exactly two periodic solutions, with one stable and another unstable, provided that the release amount does not exceed G∗. A numerical example is also given to illustrate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcai Zhu
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- School of Mathematics and Informational Technology, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, China
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Tussey DA, Linthicum KJ, Hahn DA. Does severe hypoxia during irradiation of Aedes aegypti pupae improve sterile male performance? Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:446. [DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, vectors several pathogens responsible for human diseases. As a result, this mosquito species is a priority for control by mosquito control districts in Florida. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option that is being explored as a practical area-wide control method. However, questions about sterile male performance persist. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which hypoxia exposure prior to and during irradiation effects the longevity, activity and mating competitiveness of sterile male Ae. aegypti.
Methods
Male longevity was monitored and analyzed using Cox regression. Mosquito activity was recorded by an infrared beam sensor rig that detected movement. Competing models were created to analyze movement data. Fecundity and fertility were measured in females mated with individual males by treatment and analyzed using one-way ANOVAs. Mating competition studies were performed to compare both hypoxia and normoxia treated sterile males to fertile males. Competitiveness of groups was compared using Fried’s competitiveness index.
Results
First, we found that subjecting Ae. aegypti pupae to 1 h of severe hypoxia (< 1 kPa O2) did not directly increase mortality. One hour of hypoxia was found to prevent decreases in longevity of irradiated males compared to males irradiated in normoxic conditions. Exposure to hypoxia prior to irradiation did not significantly improve activity of sterile males except at the highest doses of radiation. Hypoxia did significantly increase the required dose of radiation to achieve > 95% male sterility compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions. Males sterilized after an hour in hypoxic conditions were significantly more competitive against fertile males compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions despite requiring a higher dose of radiation to achieve sterility.
Conclusions
Hypoxia was found to greatly improve key performance metrics in sterile male Ae. aegypti without any significant drawbacks. Little work other than increasing the target dose for sterility needs to be conducted to incorporate hypoxia into SIT programs. These results suggest that SIT programs should consider including hypoxia in their sterile male production workflow.
Graphical Abstract
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29
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Sychla A, Feltman NR, Hutchison WD, Smanski MJ. Modeling-informed Engineered Genetic Incompatibility strategies to overcome resistance in the invasive Drosophila suzukii. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:1063789. [PMID: 38468757 PMCID: PMC10926386 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.1063789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Engineered Genetic Incompatibility (EGI) is an engineered extreme underdominance genetic system wherein hybrid animals are not viable, functioning as a synthetic speciation event. There are several strategies in which EGI could be leveraged for genetic biocontrol of pest populations. We used an agent-based model of Drosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila) to determine how EGI would fare with high rates of endemic genetic resistance alleles. We discovered a surprising failure mode wherein field-generated females convert an incompatible male release program into a population replacement gene drive. Local suppression could still be attained in two seasons by tailoring the release strategy to take advantage of this effect, or alternatively in one season by altering the genetic design of release agents. We show in this work that data from modeling can be utilized to recognize unexpected emergent phenomena and a priori inform genetic biocontrol treatment design to increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sychla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Nathan R. Feltman
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - William D. Hutchison
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Michael J. Smanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Ntoyi NL, Mashatola T, Bouyer J, Kraupa C, Maiga H, Mamai W, Bimbile-Somda NS, Wallner T, Carvalho DO, Munhenga G, Yamada H. Life-history traits of a fluorescent Anopheles arabiensis genetic sexing strain introgressed into South African genomic background. Malar J 2022; 21:254. [PMID: 36064699 PMCID: PMC9446760 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa has set a mandate to eliminate local malaria transmission by 2023. In pursuit of this objective a Sterile Insect Technique programme targeting the main vector Anopheles arabiensis is currently under development. Significant progress has been made towards operationalizing the technology. However, one of the main limitations being faced is the absence of an efficient genetic sexing system. This study is an assessment of an An. arabiensis (AY-2) strain carrying the full Y chromosome from Anopheles gambiae, including a transgenic red fluorescent marker, being introgressed into a South African genetic background as a potential tool for a reliable sexing system. METHODS Adult, virgin males from the An. arabiensis AY-2 strain were outcrossed to virgin females from the South African, Kwazulu-Natal An. arabiensis (KWAG strain) over three generations. Anopheles arabiensis AY-2 fluorescent males were sorted as first instar larvae (L1) using the Complex Object Parametric Analyzer and Sorter (COPAS) and later screened as pupae to verify the sex. Life history traits of the novel hybrid KWAG-AY2 strain were compared to the original fluorescent AY-2 strain, the South African wild-type KWAG strain and a standard laboratory An. arabiensis (Dongola reference strain). RESULTS The genetic stability of the sex-linked fluorescent marker and the integrity and high level of sexing efficiency of the system were confirmed. No recombination events in respect to the fluorescent marker were detected over three rounds of introgression crosses. KWAG-AY2 had higher hatch rates and survival of L1 to pupae and L1 to adult than the founding strains. AY-2 showed faster development time of immature stages and larger adult body size, but lower larval survival rates. Adult KWAG males had significantly higher survival rates. There was no significant difference between the strains in fecundity and proportion of males. KWAG-AY2 males performed better than reference strains in flight ability tests. CONCLUSION The life history traits of KWAG-AY2, its rearing efficiency under laboratory conditions, the preservation of the sex-linked fluorescence and perfect sexing efficiency after three rounds of introgression crosses, indicate that it has potential for mass rearing. The potential risks and benefits associated to the use of this strain within the Sterile Insect Technique programme in South Africa are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla L Ntoyi
- Vector Reference Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thabo Mashatola
- Vector Reference Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Kraupa
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hamidou Maiga
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nanwintoum S Bimbile-Somda
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wallner
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danilo O Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Givemore Munhenga
- Vector Reference Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, MRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Balestrino F, Puggioli A, Malfacini M, Albieri A, Carrieri M, Bouyer J, Bellini R. Field Performance Assessment of Irradiated Aedes albopictus Males Through Mark–Release–Recapture Trials With Multiple Release Points. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876677. [PMID: 35928955 PMCID: PMC9344911 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mark–release–recapture (MRR) trials have been conducted in Northern Italy to evaluate the capacity of radio-substerilized Aedes albopictus males to survive, disperse, and engage in mating in the field. Two MRR sessions with the human landing collection method (HLC) were conducted with the simultaneous release of irradiated males marked with four different pigment colors. The survival and dispersal rates seem to be influenced more by environmental factors such as barriers, shading, and vegetation rather than weather parameters. In this study, we confirmed a positive linear relationship between the sterile adult male’s daily survival rate and the relative humidity previously reported in similar experimental conditions and a different dispersal capacity of the released A. albopictus males in low- (NDVI index <0.4) and high (NDVI index >0.4)-vegetated areas. Consistent with previous studies, A. albopictus males have their maximal dispersion in the first days after release, while in the following days the males become more stationary. The similar field performances obtained with marked and unmarked radio-sterilized and untreated A. albopictus males on similar environments confirm the negligible effects of irradiation and marking procedures on the quality of the males released. The similar sterile to wild (S/W) male ratio measured in high- and low-vegetation areas in the release sites indicates a similar distribution pattern for the wild and the released sterile males. According to the MRR data collected, the Lincoln index estimated different A. albopictus mean population densities in the study areas equal to 7,000 and 3,000 male/ha, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Balestrino
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabrizio Balestrino,
| | - Arianna Puggioli
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Marco Malfacini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Alessandro Albieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Marco Carrieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
- FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL), FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture (NAFA), Vienna, Austria
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE CIRAD-INRA, Animal, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Montpellier, France
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
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Bonds JAS, Collins CM, Gouagna L. Could species-focused suppression of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, and Aedes albopictus, the tiger mosquito, affect interacting predators? An evidence synthesis from the literature. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2729-2745. [PMID: 35294802 PMCID: PMC9323472 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risks of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus nuisance and vector-borne diseases are rising and the adverse effects of broad-spectrum insecticide application have promoted species-specific techniques, such as sterile insect technique (SIT) and other genetic strategies, as contenders in their control operations. When specific vector suppression is proposed, potential effects on predators and wider ecosystem are some of the first stakeholder questions. These are not the only Aedes vectors of human diseases, but are those for which SIT and genetic strategies are of most interest. They vary ecologically and in habitat origin, but both have behaviorally human-adapted forms with expanding ranges. The aquatic life stages are where predation is strongest due to greater resource predictability and limited escape opportunity. These vectors' anthropic forms usually use ephemeral water bodies and man-made containers as larval habitats; predators that occur in these are mobile, opportunistic and generalist. No literature indicates that any predator depends on larvae of either species. As adults, foraging theory predicts these mosquitoes are of low profitability to predators. Energy expended hunting and consuming will mostly outweigh their energetic benefit. Moreover, as adult biomass is mobile and largely disaggregated, any predator is likely to be a generalist and opportunist. This work, which summarizes much of the literature currently available on the predators of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, indicates it is highly unlikely that any predator species depends on them. Species-specific vector control to reduce nuisance and disease is thus likely to be of negligible or limited impact on nontarget predators. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis‐Clément Gouagna
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle)IRD‐CNRS‐Univ. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Brozak SJ, Mohammed-Awel J, Gumel AB. Mathematics of a single-locus model for assessing the impacts of pyrethroid resistance and temperature on population abundance of malaria mosquitoes. Infect Dis Model 2022; 7:277-316. [PMID: 35782338 PMCID: PMC9234087 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a genetic-ecology modeling framework for assessing the combined impacts of insecticide resistance, temperature variability, and insecticide-based interventions on the population abundance and control of malaria mosquitoes by genotype. Rigorous analyses of the model we developed reveal that the boundary equilibrium with only mosquitoes of homozygous sensitive (resistant) genotype is locally-asymptotically stable whenever a certain ecological threshold, denoted by R0SS(R0RR), is less than one. Furthermore, genotype i drives genotype j to extinction whenever R0j>1 and R0i<1 (where i, j = SS or RR, with i ≠ j). The model exhibits the phenomenon of bistability when both thresholds are less than one. In such a bistable situation, convergence to any of the two boundary equilibria depends on the initial allele distribution in the state variables of the model. Furthermore, in this bistable case, where max{R0SS,R0RR}<1, the basin of attraction of the boundary equilibrium of the mosquito genotype with lower value of the ecological threshold is larger. Specifically, the basin of attraction of the boundary equilibrium for genotype i is larger than that of genotype j if R0i<R0j<1. When both ecological thresholds exceed one (min{R0SS,R0RR}>1), the two boundary equilibria lose their stability, and a coexistence equilibrium (where all three mosquito genotypes coexist) becomes locally-asymptotically stable. Global sensitivity analysis shows that the key parameters that greatly influence the dynamics and population abundance of resistant mosquitoes include the proportion of new adult mosquitoes that are females, the insecticide-induced mortality rate of adult female mosquitoes, the coverage level and efficacy of adulticides used in the community, the oviposition rates for eggs of heterozygous and homozygous resistant genotypes, and the modification parameter accounting for the reduction in insecticide-induced mortality due to resistance. Numerical simulations show that the adult mosquito population increases with increasing temperature until a peak is reached at 31 °C, and declines thereafter. Simulating the model for moderate and high adulticide coverage, together with varying fitness costs of resistance, shows a switch in the dominant genotype at equilibrium as temperature is varied. In other words, this study shows that, for certain combinations of adulticide coverage and fitness costs of insecticide resistance, increases in temperature could result in effective management of resistance (by causing the switch from a stable resistant-only boundary equilibrium (at 18 °C) to a stable sensitive-only boundary equilibrium (at 25 °C)). Finally, this study shows that, for moderate fitness costs of resistance, density-dependent larval mortality suppresses the total population of adult mosquitoes with the resistant allele for all temperature values in the range [18 °C–36 °C].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Brozak
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jemal Mohammed-Awel
- Department of Mathematics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Abba B. Gumel
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Corresponding author. School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Kavran M, Puggioli A, Šiljegović S, Čanadžić D, Laćarac N, Rakita M, Ignjatović Ćupina A, Balestrino F, Petrić D, Bellini R. Optimization of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mass Rearing through Cost-Effective Larval Feeding. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060504. [PMID: 35735841 PMCID: PMC9224466 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an important invasive species of medical concern, which could be successfully suppressed by including the sterile insect technique (SIT) in integrated mosquito management. This technique is based on the mass rearing of males, and their sterilization and release into the habitats to compete with wild males in the mating process. Our research compared the effectiveness of three larval diet recipes (IAEA-BY, BCWPRL, and MIX-14) in the rearing of Ae. albopictus males in order to evaluate the available economical feeding alternatives. The separation of male pupae was done by the sieving method, and reared adult males were tested for flight capacity and longevity. The application of BCWPRL resulted in a higher portion of sieved male pupae than females, but the obtained number of both pupae and adult males was lower and the development was slower than the other two diets. The adult mean survival time was the highest in males fed with MIX-14 and the lowest in males fed with IAEA-BY. Males fed by IAEA-BY also demonstrated higher initial mortality in the adult stage. The diets BCWPRL and MIX-14 are cheaper than IAEA-BY (2.28 and 5.30 times, respectively). The diet MIX-14 represents a candidate for replacing the effective but still expensive IAEA-BY diet. Abstract Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) is an invasive important medical and veterinary pest species. The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves the mass rearing of males, and their sterilization and release into the habitat to compete with wild males. Our research objective was to compare the effectiveness of three larval diet recipes (IAEA-BY, BCWPRL, and MIX-14) in the laboratory rearing of Ae. albopictus males to evaluate the available economical feeding alternatives. The separation of sexes was done in the pupal stage by sieving. Reared males were tested for flight capacity and longevity. The application of the BCWPRL diet resulted in a higher portion of sieved male pupae than females, but the development of males was the slowest, and the number of obtained males (pupae and adults) was lower compared to the other two diets. The adult mean survival time was the highest in males fed with MIX-14 and the lowest in males fed with IAEA-BY. Males fed by IAEA-BY also demonstrated higher initial mortality in the adult stage. The diets BCWPRL and MIX-14 are economically more convenient than IAEA-BY (2.28 and 5.30 times cheaper, respectively). The cheapest diet, MIX-14, might represent a candidate for replacing the effective but still expensive IAEA-BY larval diet, providing lower costs of sterile male production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Kavran
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Arianna Puggioli
- Sanitary Entomology & Zoology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, IAEA Collaborating Center, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Sara Šiljegović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Dušan Čanadžić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Nikola Laćarac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Mina Rakita
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-642182501
| | - Fabrizio Balestrino
- Sanitary Entomology & Zoology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, IAEA Collaborating Center, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.Š.); (D.Č.); (N.L.); (M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Sanitary Entomology & Zoology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, IAEA Collaborating Center, Via Sant’Agata 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
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Al-Solami HM, Alhebshi AMS, Abdo H, Mahmuod SR, Alwabli AS, Alkenani N. A bio-mathematical approach to control the Anopheles mosquito using sterile males technology. INT J BIOMATH 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524522500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Initiative for this study is taken to solve the mathematical model which is base-forming with population dynamics of the Anopheles mosquito using an advanced computational intelligence scheme named as genetic algorithm (GA), artificial neural network (ANN). This ANN is a famous global search method, active set (AS) scheme known as a quick local refinement, i.e. ANN-GA-AS. An error-based fitness function is optimized which is made by using the sense of the differential system and boundary conditions for solving the Anopheles mosquito control model. The ability of the stochastic ANN-GA-AS approach to solve the population dynamics of the Anopheles mosquito is examined to check the exactness, efficiency, precision, and consistency of the scheme. The numerical outcomes of the Anopheles mosquito control model through the ANN-GA-AS approach are compared with the reference Adams numerical results to show the significance of the designed scheme. Moreover, statistical considerations using the “semi-interquartile range”, “Theil’s inequality coefficient”, and “mean absolute deviation” have been applied to validate the precision and accuracy of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb M. Al-Solami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alawiah M. S. Alhebshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Abdo
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science Branch, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - S. R. Mahmuod
- GRC Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf S. Alwabli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Alkenani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Silva EB, Mendonça CM, Mendonça JDA, Dias ESF, Florêncio SGL, Guedes DRD, Paiva MHS, Amaral A, Netto AM, Melo-Santos MAV. Effects of gamma radiation on the reproductive viability of Aedes aegypti and its descendants (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2022; 228:106284. [PMID: 34922909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the genetic damage in descendants of male pupae of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) separately exposed to 20, 30, and 40 Gy of gamma radiation in the context of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Despite the transmission of the dominant lethal mutation, the employed dose levels did not promote a marked reduction in adult mosquito emergence and fertility. This study emphasized that semi-sterilizing doses < 50 Gy for SIT of Aedes aegypti are not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvane Borges Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Messias Mendonça
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaziela de Arruda Mendonça
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM/Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Sloana Giesta Lemos Florêncio
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM/Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro Acadêmico do Agreste (CAA), Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Maciel Netto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Group of Studies in Radioprotection and Radioecology (GERAR), Department of Nuclear Energy (DEN), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ziemer T, Wetjen F, Herbst A. The Antenna Base Plays a Crucial Role in Mosquito Courtship Behavior. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.803611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens that cause diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. For mosquito control it is crucial to understand their hearing system, as mosquitoes’ courting behavior is mostly auditory. Many nonlinear characteristics of the mosquito hearing organ have been observed through behavioral studies and neural measurements. These enable mosquitoes to detect and synchronize to other mosquitoes. Many hypotheses concerning the role of the flagellum and the fibrillae of the antenna in mosquito hearing have been made, and neural processes have been considered as the origin of the nonlinearities. In this study we introduce a geometric model based on the morphology of the mosquito antenna base. The model produces many of the observed nonlinear characteristics, providing evidence that the base of the antenna plays a crucial role in mosquito hearing. Even without neural processing, the antenna response to sound produces behaviorally relevant cues that can inform about the presence, location, and sex of other mosquitoes.
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Moretti R, Lampazzi E, Damiani C, Fabbri G, Lombardi G, Pioli C, Desiderio A, Serrao A, Calvitti M. Increased biting rate and decreased Wolbachia density in irradiated Aedes mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:67. [PMID: 35209944 PMCID: PMC8867665 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Releasing considerable numbers of radiation-sterilized males is a promising strategy to suppress mosquito vectors. However, releases may also include small percentages of biting females, which translate to non-negligible numbers when releases are large. Currently, the effects of irradiation on host-seeking and host-biting behaviors have not been exhaustively investigated. Information is also lacking regarding the effects of sterilizing treatment on the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, which is known to affect the vector competence of infected mosquitos. Methods To ascertain the effects of irradiation on females, the pupae of two Aedes albopictus strains, differing in their natural or artificial Wolbachia infection type, and Aedes aegypti—which is not infected by Wolbachia—were treated with various doses of X-rays and monitored for key fitness parameters and biting behavior over a period of 2 weeks. The effect of radiation on Wolbachia was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results Partial Aedes albopictus female sterility was achieved at 28 Gy, but the number of weekly bites more than doubled compared to that of the controls. Radiation doses of 35 and 45 Gy completely inhibited progeny production but did not significantly affect the survival or flight ability of Ae. albopictus females and caused a tripling of the number of bites per female per week (compared to untreated controls). These results were also confirmed in Ae. aegypti after treatment at 50 Gy. Wolbachia density decreased significantly in 45-Gy-irradiated females, with the greatest decreases in the early irradiation group (26 ± 2-h-old pupae). Wolbachia density also decreased as adults aged. This trend was confirmed in ovaries but not in extra-ovarian tissues. FISH analysis showed a strongly reduced Wolbachia-specific fluorescence in the ovaries of 13 ± 1-day-old females. Conclusions These results suggest that, under sterile insect technique (SIT) programs, the vector capacity of a target population could increase with the frequency of the irradiated females co-released with the sterile males due to an increased biting rate. In the context of successful suppression, the related safety issues are expected to be generally negligible, but they should be conservatively evaluated when large-scale programs relying on imperfect sexing and high overflooding release ratios are run for long periods in areas endemic for arboviral diseases. Also, the effects of irradiation on the vector competence deserve further investigation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05188-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moretti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Lampazzi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Damiani
- School of Biosciences and Medical Veterinary, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.,Biovecblok S.r.L, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Medical Veterinary, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Giulia Lombardi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Medical Veterinary, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Angiola Desiderio
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelio Serrao
- School of Biosciences and Medical Veterinary, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.,Biovecblok S.r.L, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maurizio Calvitti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
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Umar M, Kusen, Raja MAZ, Sabir Z, Al-Mdallal Q. A computational framework to solve the nonlinear dengue fever SIR system. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2022; 25:1821-1834. [PMID: 35188837 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2039640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is relevant to present the numerical form of the nonlinear dengue fever SIR system are presented using the artificial neural networks along with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation technique, i.e. ANNs-LMB. The procedures of ANNs-LMB are applied with three different sample data scales based on testing, training and authentication. The statistics to solve three cases of the nonlinear dengue fever based on susceptible, infected and recovered system are selected with 75%, 15% and 10% for training, validation and testing, respectively. To find the numerical results of the nonlinear dengue fever system, the reference dataset is designed on the basis of Adams scheme for the numerical solution. The numerical results based on the nonlinear dengue fever system are obtained through the ANNs-LMB to reduce the mean square error. In order to check the exactness, reliability, effectiveness and competence of the proposed ANNs-LMB, the numerical outcomes are proficient to the proportional measures using the topographies of the fitness attained in mean squared error sense, correlation, error histograms and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Kusen
- Department of Islamic Religious Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup, Bengkulu, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan
| | - Zulqurnain Sabir
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Qasem Al-Mdallal
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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Quality Control Methods for Aedes albopictus Sterile Male Transportation. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020179. [PMID: 35206755 PMCID: PMC8878208 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic based mosquito control methods have been gaining ground in recent years for their potential to achieve effective suppression or replacement of vector populations without hampering environments or causing any public health risk. These methods require the mass rearing of the target species in large facilities sized to produce millions of sterile males, as already well established for a number of insects of agricultural importance. Assessing the performance of released males in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) control programs is of the utmost importance for the success of the operation. Besides the negative effects of mass rearing and sterilization, the handling of sterilized insects and shipment to distant areas may also negatively impact the quality of sterilized males. The aim of the current study was to design and executive quality control (QC) tests for sterilized Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) males delivered by air shipment from the mass production facility located in Italy to Greece and Montenegro field release sites. Mass reared mosquito strains were based on biological materials received from Italy, Greece and Montenegro. Tests conducted at the mass rearing facility before transportation revealed a rather high residual female contamination following mechanical sex separation (approximately 1.5% females, regardless of the mosquito strain). Irradiated males of all three mosquito strains induced high levels of sterility to females. Shipment lasting approximately 24 h resulted in approximately 15% mortality, while when shipment lasted nearly two days this increased to almost 40%. The flight ability of sterilized males following one day transportation time was satisfactory (over 60%). The response of sterile males to food and water starvation was comparable and slightly lower than that of wild non-transported males. Longevity of sterile males was shorter than that of wild counterparts and it seems it was not affected by mating to wild females. Both mating propensity and mating competitiveness for wild virgin females was higher for the wild, control males compared to the sterile, transported ones. Overall, the performance of sterile male Ae. albopictus delivered from the mass rearing facility of Italy to Greece in approximately 24 h was satisfactory. Transportation lasting two days or longer incurred detrimental effects on males, which called into question the outcome of the SIT release programs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the need of quality control procedures, especially when sterile male production facilities are not near to the releasing point. Transportation could be a serious drawback for the implementation of Sterile Insect Releases and, consequently, it is important to establish an efficient and fast transportation of sterilized males in advance.
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An Advance Computing Numerical Heuristic of Nonlinear SIR Dengue Fever System Using the Morlet Wavelet Kernel. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9981355. [PMID: 35140906 PMCID: PMC8820869 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9981355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study is associated to solve the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system using a computational methodology by operating the neural networks based on the designed Morlet wavelet (MWNNs), global scheme as genetic algorithm (GA), and rapid local search scheme as interior-point algorithm (IPA), i.e., GA-IPA. The optimization of fitness function based on MWNNs is performed for solving the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system. This MWNNs-based fitness function is accessible using the differential system and initial conditions of the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system. The designed procedures based on the MWNN-GA-IPA are applied to solve the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system to check the exactness, precision, constancy, and efficiency. The achieved numerical form of the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system via MWNN-GA-IPA was compared with the Runge–Kutta numerical results that verify the significance of MWNN-GA-IPA. Moreover, statistical reflections through different measures for the nonlinear SIR dengue fever system endorse the precision and convergence of the computational MWNN-GA-IPA.
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Periodic Orbits of a Mosquito Suppression Model Based on Sterile Mosquitoes. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the existence and stability of periodic orbits of a mosquito population suppression model based on sterile mosquitoes. The model switches between two sub-equations as the actual number of sterile mosquitoes in the wild is assumed to take two constant values alternately. Employing the Poincaré map method, we show that the model has at most two T-periodic solutions when the release amount is not sufficient to eradicate the wild mosquitoes, and then obtain some sufficient conditions for the model to admit a unique or exactly two T-periodic solutions. In particular, we observe that the model displays bistability when it admits exactly two T-periodic solutions: the origin and the larger periodic solution are asymptotically stable, and the smaller periodic solution is unstable. Finally, we give two numerical examples to support our lemmas and theorems.
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Chemical toxicity assessment and Physiological investigation in rats exposed to pyrethroid insecticide type 1 and possible mitigation of propolis. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The current investigation aims to study the potential protective effects of propolis methanolic extract (100 mg/kg BW) on the systemic toxic effects after dietary exposure concentration (1/100 LD50 for 30 days) of permethrin (PM) administered in experimental rats. In this experiment, we added propolis four weeks after PM -administration to examining the medicinal effects. Therapeutic use of propolis mitigated PM -induced deterioration of liver and kidney functions and myocardial damage measured by cardiac enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in serum. In addition, propolis treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic) prevented PM-induced apoptosis index, including B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (BCL-2)-associated X (BAX) protein activates, and lipid peroxide (LP). The results showed propolis induced a significant decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin one beta (IL-1β), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Besides, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and hematological constituents. Cardiac biomarkers, liver, and kidney functions were substantially lower in propolis treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC- MS) of the propolis-MeOH extract showed valuable antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids capable of alleviating oxidative stress through the free-radical scavenging efficacy and regulating signaling pathways of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Baeshen R. Swarming Behavior in Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato): Current Knowledge and Future Outlook. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:56-66. [PMID: 34617121 PMCID: PMC8755986 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of insect disease vectors requires a detailed understanding of their ecology and behavior. In Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mating occurs during swarming, but knowledge of their mating behavior under natural conditions is limited. Mosquitoes mate in flight over specific landmarks, known as swarm markers, at particular locations. Swarms consist of males; the females usually approach the swarm and depart following copulation. The number of mating pairs per swarm is closely associated with swarm size. The shape and height of swarm markers vary and may depend on the environmental conditions at the swarm's location. Male-male interactions in mosquito swarms with similar levels of attractive flight activity can offer a mating advantage to some individuals. Flight tone is used by mosquitoes to recognize the other sex and choose a desirable mate. Clarifying these and other aspects of mosquito reproductive behavior can facilitate the development of population control measures that target swarming sites. This review describes what is currently known about swarming behavior in Anopheles gambiae s.l., including swarm characteristics; mating within and outside of swarms, insemination in females, and factors affecting and stimulating swarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Baeshen
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Metchanun N, Borgemeister C, Amzati G, von Braun J, Nikolov M, Selvaraj P, Gerardin J. Modeling impact and cost-effectiveness of driving-Y gene drives for malaria elimination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Evol Appl 2022; 15:132-148. [PMID: 35126652 PMCID: PMC8792473 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria elimination will be challenging in countries that currently continue to bear high malaria burden. Sex-ratio-distorting gene drives, such as driving-Y, could play a role in an integrated elimination strategy if they can effectively suppress vector populations. Using a spatially explicit, agent-based model of malaria transmission in eight provinces spanning the range of transmission intensities across the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we predict the impact and cost-effectiveness of integrating driving-Y gene drive mosquitoes in malaria elimination strategies that include existing interventions such as insecticide-treated nets and case management of symptomatic malaria. Gene drive mosquitoes could eliminate malaria and were the most cost-effective intervention overall if the drive component was highly effective with at least 95% X-shredder efficiency at relatively low fertility cost, and associated cost of deployment below 7.17 $int per person per year. Suppression gene drive could be a cost-effective supplemental intervention for malaria elimination, but tight constraints on drive effectiveness and cost ceilings may limit its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaston Amzati
- Université Evangélique en AfriqueBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | | | - Jaline Gerardin
- Institute for Disease ModelingBellevueWashingtonUSA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Global HealthNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Releasing incompatible males drives strong suppression across populations of wild and Wolbachia-carrying Aedes aegypti in Australia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106828118. [PMID: 34607949 PMCID: PMC8521666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106828118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With over 40% of humans at risk from mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, the development of environmentally friendly mosquito-control tools is critical. The release of reproductively incompatible male mosquitoes carrying a Wolbachia bacterium can drive mating events that kill the eggs. Through replicated treatment and control experiments in northern Australia, regular releases of Aedes aegypti males infected with a Wolbachia from Aedes albopictus was shown to drive strong population suppression in mosaic populations of wild-type (no Wolbachia) and wMel-Wolbachia–carrying Ae. aegypti. In a demonstration of bidirectional incompatibility between different Wolbachia strains in the field, we also demonstrate that one season’s suppression experiment can also show an ongoing effect into the following season. Releasing sterile or incompatible male insects is a proven method of population management in agricultural systems with the potential to revolutionize mosquito control. Through a collaborative venture with the “Debug” Verily Life Sciences team, we assessed the incompatible insect technique (IIT) with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti in northern Australia in a replicated treatment control field trial. Backcrossing a US strain of Ae. aegypti carrying Wolbachia wAlbB from Aedes albopictus with a local strain, we generated a wAlbB2-F4 strain incompatible with both the wild-type (no Wolbachia) and wMel-Wolbachia Ae. aegypti now extant in North Queensland. The wAlbB2-F4 strain was manually mass reared with males separated from females using Verily sex-sorting technologies to obtain no detectable female contamination in the field. With community consent, we delivered a total of three million IIT males into three isolated landscapes of over 200 houses each, releasing ∼50 males per house three times a week over 20 wk. Detecting initial overflooding ratios of between 5:1 and 10:1, strong population declines well beyond 80% were detected across all treatment landscapes when compared to controls. Monitoring through the following season to observe the ongoing effect saw one treatment landscape devoid of adult Ae. aegypti early in the season. A second landscape showed reduced adults, and the third recovered fully. These encouraging results in suppressing both wild-type and wMel-Ae. aegypti confirms the utility of bidirectional incompatibility in the field setting, show the IIT to be robust, and indicate that the removal of this arbovirus vector from human-occupied landscapes may be achievable.
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Nambunga IH, Msugupakulya BJ, Hape EE, Mshani IH, Kahamba NF, Mkandawile G, Mabula DM, Njalambaha RM, Kaindoa EW, Muyaga LL, Hermy MRG, Tripet F, Ferguson HM, Ngowo HS, Okumu FO. Wild populations of malaria vectors can mate both inside and outside human dwellings. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:514. [PMID: 34620227 PMCID: PMC8499572 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild populations of Anopheles mosquitoes are generally thought to mate outdoors in swarms, although once colonized, they also mate readily inside laboratory cages. This study investigated whether the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis can also naturally mate inside human dwellings. METHOD Mosquitoes were sampled from three volunteer-occupied experimental huts in a rural Tanzanian village at 6:00 p.m. each evening, after which the huts were completely sealed and sampling was repeated at 11:00 p.m and 6 a.m. the next morning to compare the proportions of inseminated females. Similarly timed collections were done inside local unsealed village houses. Lastly, wild-caught larvae and pupae were introduced inside or outside experimental huts constructed inside two semi-field screened chambers. The huts were then sealed and fitted with exit traps, allowing mosquito egress but not entry. Mating was assessed in subsequent days by sampling and dissecting emergent adults caught indoors, outdoors and in exit traps. RESULTS Proportions of inseminated females inside the experimental huts in the village increased from approximately 60% at 6 p.m. to approximately 90% the following morning despite no new mosquitoes entering the huts after 6 p.m. Insemination in the local homes increased from approximately 78% to approximately 93% over the same time points. In the semi-field observations of wild-caught captive mosquitoes, the proportions of inseminated An. funestus were 20.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: ± 2.8) outdoors, 25.2% (95% CI: ± 3.4) indoors and 16.8% (± 8.3) in exit traps, while the proportions of inseminated An. arabiensis were 42.3% (95% CI: ± 5.5) outdoors, 47.4% (95% CI: ± 4.7) indoors and 37.1% (CI: ± 6.8) in exit traps. CONCLUSION Wild populations of An. funestus and An. arabiensis in these study villages can mate both inside and outside human dwellings. Most of the mating clearly happens before the mosquitoes enter houses, but additional mating happens indoors. The ecological significance of such indoor mating remains to be determined. The observed insemination inside the experimental huts fitted with exit traps and in the unsealed village houses suggests that the indoor mating happens voluntarily even under unrestricted egress. These findings may inspire improved vector control, such as by targeting males indoors, and potentially inform alternative methods for colonizing strongly eurygamic Anopheles species (e.g. An. funestus) inside laboratories or semi-field chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail H. Nambunga
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Betwel J. Msugupakulya
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel E. Hape
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Issa H. Mshani
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Najat F. Kahamba
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Gustav Mkandawile
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Daniel M. Mabula
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Rukiyah M. Njalambaha
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel W. Kaindoa
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Park Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Letus L. Muyaga
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Marie R. G. Hermy
- Disease Vector Group, Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
| | - Heather M. Ferguson
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Halfan S. Ngowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fredros O. Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Sciences & Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Park Town, Republic of South Africa
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Borrego LG, Ramarosandratana N, Jeanneau E, Métay E, Ramanandraibe VV, Andrianjafy MT, Lemaire M. Effect of the Stereoselectivity of para-Menthane-3,8-diol Isomers on Repulsion toward Aedes albopictus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11095-11109. [PMID: 34514794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause around 700,000 deaths every year. Insect repellents are one of the strategies to limit them. Para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), a natural compound, is one of the most promising alternatives to conventional synthetic repellents. This work describes a diastereodivergent method to synthesize each diastereoisomer of PMD from enantiopure citronellal and studies their repellence activity against Aedes albopictus. We found that cis-PMD is the kinetic control product of the cyclization of citronellal, while trans-PMD is the thermodynamic control product. X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals highlighted some differences in hydrogen-bond patterns between cis or trans isomers. The present paper demonstrates that (1R)-(+)-cis-PMD has the highest repellency index using a new evaluation system for 24 h. (1S)-(-)-cis-PMD has somewhat lower and (1S)-(+)-trans-PMD and (1R)-(-)-trans-PMD have a slight effect. Volunteer tests show that (1R)-(+)-cis-PMD is the most efficient. This effect could be ascribed to the interaction of PMD/insect odorant receptors and their physical properties, that is, the evaporation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G Borrego
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffactrométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Estelle Métay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marc Lemaire
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire International Associé, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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de Castro Poncio L, Dos Anjos FA, de Oliveira DA, Rebechi D, de Oliveira RN, Chitolina RF, Fermino ML, Bernardes LG, Guimarães D, Lemos PA, Silva MNE, Silvestre RGM, Bernardes ES, Paldi N. Novel Sterile Insect Technology Program Results in Suppression of a Field Mosquito Population and Subsequently to Reduced Incidence of Dengue. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1005-1014. [PMID: 33507265 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a steady rise in the global incidence of Aedes-borne arbovirus disease. It has become urgent to develop alternative solutions for mosquito vector control. We developed a new method of sterilization of male mosquitoes with the goal to suppress a local Aedes aegypti population and to prevent the spread of dengue. METHODS Sterile male mosquitoes were produced from a locally acquired Ae. aegypti colony by using a treatment that includes double-stranded RNA and thiotepa. A field study was conducted with sterile mosquito releases being performed on a weekly basis in predefined areas. There were 2 intervention periods (INT1 and INT2), with treatment and control areas reversed between INT1 and INT2. RESULTS During INT1, releases in the treated area resulted in up to 91.4% reduction of live progeny of field Ae. aegypti mosquitoes recorded over time, while the control neighborhoods (no releases of sterile male mosquitoes) remained highly infested. The successful implementations of the program during INT1 and INT2 were associated with 15.9-fold and 13.7-fold lower incidences of dengue in the treated area compared to the control areas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show the success of this new sterile insect technology-based program in preventing the spread of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Forrest Brasil Tecnologia Ltda, Araucaria, Brazil.,Faculty of Health Sciences of Barretos Dr Paulo Prata, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Danton Guimarães
- Sanitary Surveillance of Jacarezinho Municipal Health Department, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Lemos
- Epidemiologic Surveillance of Jacarezinho Municipal Health Department, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Forrest Brasil Tecnologia Ltda, Araucaria, Brazil.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Radiopharmacy Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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The β 2Tubulin, Rad50-ATPase and enolase cis-regulatory regions mediate male germline expression in Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18131. [PMID: 34518617 PMCID: PMC8438054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics-based pest management processes, including the sterile insect technique, are an effective method for the control of some pest insects. However, current SIT methods are not directly transferable to many important pest insect species due to the lack of genetic sexing strains. Genome editing is revolutionizing the way we conduct genetics in insects, including in Tribolium castaneum, an important genetic model and agricultural pest. We identified orthologues of β2Tubulin, Rad50-ATPase and enolase in T. castaneum. Using RT-PCR, we confirmed that these genes are predominantly expressed in the testis. PiggyBac-based transformation of T. castaneum cis-regulatory regions derived from Tc-β2t, Tc-rad50 or Tc-eno resulted in EGFP expression specifically in the T. castaneum testis. Additionally, we determined that each of these regulatory regions regulates EGFP expression in different cell types of the male gonad. Cis-regulatory regions from Tc-β2t produced EGFP expression throughout spermatogenesis and also in mature sperms; Tc-rad50 resulted in expression only in the haploid spermatid, while Tc-eno expressed EGFP in late spermatogenesis. In summary, the regulatory cis-regions characterized in this study are not only suited to study male gonadal function but could be used for development of transgenic sexing strains that produce one sex in pest control strategies.
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