1
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A DNA vaccine targeting VEE virus delivered by needle-free jet-injection protects macaques against aerosol challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:46. [PMID: 35459271 PMCID: PMC9033795 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that DNA vaccines expressing codon optimized alphavirus envelope glycoprotein genes protect both mice and nonhuman primates from viral challenge when delivered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP). Another technology with fewer logistical drawbacks is disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) devices developed by PharmaJet, Inc. These needle-free jet injection systems are spring-powered and capable of delivering vaccines either IM or into the dermis (ID). Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of our Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) DNA vaccine delivered by either the IM- or ID-DSJI devices in nonhuman primates. The protective efficacy was assessed following aerosol challenge. We found that a prime and single boost by either the IM or ID route resulted in humoral and cellular immune responses that provided significant protection against disease and viremia. Although the ID route utilized one-fifth the DNA dose used in the IM route of vaccination, and the measured humoral and cellular immune responses trended lower, the level of protection was high and performed as well as the IM route for several clinical endpoints.
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2
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Chiozzini C, Ridolfi B, Federico M. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Vehicles of Immunogens. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2504:177-198. [PMID: 35467287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2341-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Healthy cells constitutively release lipid bilayered vesicles of different sizes and recognizing different biogenesis, collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs can be distinguished in exosomes and microvesicles. Biological and biomedical research on EVs is an emerging field that is rapidly growing. Many EV features including biogenesis, cell uptake, and functions still require unambiguous elucidation. Nevertheless, it has been well established that EVs are involved in communication among cells, tissues, and organs under both healthy and disease conditions by virtue of their ability to deliver macromolecules to target cells. Here, we summarize most recent findings regarding biogenesis, structure, and functions of both exosomes and microvesicles. In addition, the use of EVs as delivery tools to induce CD8+ T cell immunity is addressed compared to current designs exploiting enveloped viral vectors and virus-like particles. Finally, we describe a both safe and original approach conceived for the induction of strong CTL immunity against antigens uploaded in EVs constitutively released by muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiozzini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Ridolfi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
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3
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Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Kumar R, Brar B, Lambe UP, Banerjee S, Ranjan K, Kumar B, Goel P, Malik YS, Prasad G. An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:915-962. [PMID: 32209041 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200325114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the "One Health" concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. METHODS Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. RESULTS Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. CONCLUSION This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology Section, LUVAS, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | | | - Parveen Goel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar - Bareilly (UP) - 243122, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, 250110, India
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4
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Trovato M, Sartorius R, D’Apice L, Manco R, De Berardinis P. Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2130. [PMID: 33013898 PMCID: PMC7494754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a number of infectious viruses have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health and to the economy worldwide. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika, and Chikungunya vector-borne diseases, Swine flu, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are examples of zoonoses that have spread throughout the globe with such a significant impact on public health that the scientific community has been called for a rapid intervention in preventing and treating emerging infections. Vaccination is probably the most effective tool in helping the immune system to activate protective responses against pathogens, reducing morbidity and mortality, as proven by historical records. Under health emergency conditions, new and alternative approaches in vaccine design and development are imperative for a rapid and massive vaccination coverage, to manage a disease outbreak and curtail the epidemic spread. This review gives an update on the current vaccination strategies for some of the emerging/re-emerging viruses, and discusses challenges and hurdles to overcome for developing efficacious vaccines against future pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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5
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Suschak JJ, Dupuy LC, Shoemaker CJ, Six C, Kwilas SA, Spik KW, Williams JA, Schmaljohn CS. Nanoplasmid Vectors Co-expressing Innate Immune Agonists Enhance DNA Vaccines for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus and Ebola Virus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:810-821. [PMID: 32296729 PMCID: PMC7158766 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines expressing codon-optimized Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein genes provide protective immunity to mice and nonhuman primates when delivered by intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP). To achieve equivalent protective efficacy in the absence of EP, we evaluated VEEV and EBOV DNA vaccines constructed using minimalized Nanoplasmid expression vectors that are smaller than conventional plasmids used for DNA vaccination. These vectors may also be designed to co-express type I interferon inducing innate immune agonist genes that have an adjuvant effect. Nanoplasmid vaccinated mice had increased antibody responses as compared to those receiving our conventional pWRG7077-based vaccines when delivered by IM injection, and these responses were further enhanced by the inclusion of the innate immune agonist genes. The Nanoplasmid VEEV DNA vaccines also significantly increased protection against aerosol VEEV challenge as compared to the pWRG7077 VEEV DNA vaccine. Although all mice receiving the pWRG7077 and Nanoplasmid EBOV DNA vaccines at the dose tested survived EBOV challenge, only mice receiving the Nanoplasmid EBOV DNA vaccine that co-expresses the innate immune agonist genes failed to lose weight after challenge. Our results suggest that Nanoplasmid vectors can improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of alphavirus and filovirus DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Charles J Shoemaker
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Carolyn Six
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kristin W Spik
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Headquarters, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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6
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Fan Y, Stronsky SM, Xu Y, Steffens JT, van Tongeren SA, Erwin A, Cooper CL, Moon JJ. Multilamellar Vaccine Particle Elicits Potent Immune Activation with Protein Antigens and Protects Mice against Ebola Virus Infection. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11087-11096. [PMID: 31497947 PMCID: PMC6834342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), highlight the urgent need to develop effective countermeasures, including prophylactic vaccines. Subunit proteins derived from pathogens provide a safe source of antigens for vaccination, but they are often limited by their low immunogenicity. We have developed a multilamellar vaccine particle (MVP) system composed of lipid-hyaluronic acid multi-cross-linked hybrid nanoparticles for vaccination with protein antigens and demonstrate their efficacy against Ebola virus (EBOV) exposure. MVPs efficiently accumulated in dendritic cells and promote antigen processing. Mice immunized with MVPs elicited robust and long-lasting antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune responses as well as humoral immunity. A single-dose vaccination with MVPs delivering EBOV glycoprotein achieved an 80% protection rate against lethal EBOV infection. These results suggest that MVPs offer a promising platform for improving recombinant protein-based vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sabrina M. Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Joint Program Executive Office - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO–CBRND), Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jesse T. Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Sean A. van Tongeren
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Amanda Erwin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christopher L. Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.,
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.,
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7
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Suschak JJ, Schmaljohn CS. Vaccines against Ebola virus and Marburg virus: recent advances and promising candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2359-2377. [PMID: 31589088 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1651140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The filoviruses Ebola virus and Marburg virus are among the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Both viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever, with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Historically, filovirus outbreaks had been relatively small, with only a few hundred cases reported. However, the recent West African Ebola virus outbreak underscored the threat that filoviruses pose. The three year-long outbreak resulted in 28,646 Ebola virus infections and 11,323 deaths. The lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed vaccines and antiviral drugs hindered early efforts to contain the outbreak. In response, the global scientific community has spurred the advanced development of many filovirus vaccine candidates. Novel vaccine platforms, such as viral vectors and DNA vaccines, have emerged, leading to the investigation of candidate vaccines that have demonstrated protective efficacy in small animal and nonhuman primate studies. Here, we will discuss several of these vaccine platforms with a particular focus on approaches that have advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Headquarters Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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8
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Suschak JJ, Bagley K, Shoemaker CJ, Six C, Kwilas S, Dupuy LC, Schmaljohn CS. The Genetic Adjuvants Interleukin-12 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Enhance the Immunogenicity of an Ebola Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccine in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S519-S527. [PMID: 30053157 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines expressing codon-optimized filovirus envelope glycoprotein genes protect mice and nonhuman primates from viral challenge when delivered by intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP). To determine whether we could achieve equivalent immunogenicity and protective efficacy by a simplified delivery method, we generated DNA vaccine plasmids expressing genetic adjuvants to potentiate immune responses. We tested the Th1-inducing cytokine interleukin-12 and the granulocyte growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, both of which have demonstrated significant adjuvant effect when included in clinical DNA vaccine formulations. In addition, because interferon (IFN)-αβ is required for DNA vaccine-induced immunity, we tested inclusion of a potent stimulator of the IFN-αβ pathway. Our data suggest that IM vaccination of mice with plasmid DNA encoding genetic adjuvants enhances vaccine immunogenicity, resulting in increased anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) immunoglobulin G and T-cell responses. Codelivery of genetic adjuvants also improved EBOV neutralizing capability compared with vaccine alone. Finally, IM vaccination with plasmid EBOV and genetic adjuvants provided complete protection against EBOV challenge. Overall, our data suggest that codelivery of genetic adjuvants with filovirus DNA vaccines using IM delivery can provide comparable efficacy to the same DNA vaccines when delivered using IM-EP devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | - Charles J Shoemaker
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Carolyn Six
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Steven Kwilas
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
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9
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Abstract
Ebolaviruses have gained much attention recently due to the outbreak from 2014 through 2016. The related marburgviruses also have been responsible for large outbreaks with high case fatality rates. The purpose of this article is to provide the clinical laboratory scientist with a review of the most current developments in marburgvirus research. The PubMed database was reviewed using the keywords "Marburg virus," "Ravn virus," and "marburgviruses," with publication dates from January 1, 2015 through June 20, 2017. The search yielded 345 articles. In total, 52 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Advances have been made in the areas of ecology and host reservoir studies, seroprevalence studies, pathology and pathogenesis studies, laboratory assay development, and treatment and vaccine development. Marburgviruses are highly lethal viruses that pose a significant threat to the human population. Although numerous advances have been made, there are still large gaps in knowledge, and it is imperative that scientists gain more information to fully understand virus/host interactions. An approved vaccine and treatment remain elusive.
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10
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Suschak JJ, Bagley K, Six C, Shoemaker CJ, Kwilas S, Spik KW, Dupuy LC, Schmaljohn CS. The genetic adjuvant IL-12 enhances the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus delivered by intramuscular injection in mice. Antiviral Res 2018; 159:113-121. [PMID: 30268913 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that DNA vaccines expressing codon-optimized alphavirus envelope glycoprotein genes protect both mice and non-human primates from viral challenge when delivered by intramuscular electroporation (IM-EP). To determine if we could achieve equivalent immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the absence of electroporation, we co-delivered our Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) DNA vaccine with DNA plasmids expressing genetic adjuvants designed to augment immune responses. We tested the Th1-inducing cytokine IL-12 as well as the granulocyte growth factor GM-CSF, both of which have demonstrated significant adjuvant effect when included in clinical DNA vaccine formulations. Additionally, as multiple reports have described the necessity of IFN-αβ in DNA vaccine immunogenicity, we tested vaccine plasmids encoding a potent stimulator of the IFN-αβ pathway. Our data suggest that IM vaccination of mice with plasmid DNA encoding genetic adjuvants enhances VEEV vaccine immunogenicity, resulting in improved T cell responses, as well as skewing of the anti-VEEV IgG antibody isotype. Additionally, IM vaccination of VEEV DNA vaccine and IL-12 provided complete protection against aerosol VEEV challenge. Overall, our data suggest that co-delivery of genetic adjuvants with alphavirus DNA vaccines using IM delivery can influence the type of immune response obtained and provide comparable protective immunity to that achieved by IM-EP delivery of the vaccine without adjuvants.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/prevention & control
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Six
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Charles J Shoemaker
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Kwilas
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kristin W Spik
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics and vaccines to treat or prevent disease caused by filoviruses, such as Ebola and Marburg viruses, depends on the availability of animal models that faithfully recapitulate clinical hallmarks of disease as it is observed in humans. In particular, small animal models (such as mice and guinea pigs) are historically and frequently used for the primary evaluation of antiviral countermeasures, prior to testing in nonhuman primates, which represent the gold-standard filovirus animal model. In the past several years, however, the filovirus field has witnessed the continued refinement of the mouse and guinea pig models of disease, as well as the introduction of the hamster and ferret models. We now have small animal models for most human-pathogenic filoviruses, many of which are susceptible to wild type virus and demonstrate key features of disease, including robust virus replication, coagulopathy, and immune system dysfunction. Although none of these small animal model systems perfectly recapitulates Ebola virus disease or Marburg virus disease on its own, collectively they offer a nearly complete set of tools in which to carry out the preclinical development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, 518000
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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12
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Anticoli S, Manfredi F, Chiozzini C, Arenaccio C, Olivetta E, Ferrantelli F, Capocefalo A, Falcone E, Ruggieri A, Federico M. An Exosome-Based Vaccine Platform Imparts Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunity Against Viral Antigens. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700443. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Anticoli
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Chiozzini
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Claudia Arenaccio
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivetta
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Flavia Ferrantelli
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Capocefalo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Emiliana Falcone
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Anna Ruggieri
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161, Rome Italy
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13
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Callendret B, Vellinga J, Wunderlich K, Rodriguez A, Steigerwald R, Dirmeier U, Cheminay C, Volkmann A, Brasel T, Carrion R, Giavedoni LD, Patterson JL, Mire CE, Geisbert TW, Hooper JW, Weijtens M, Hartkoorn-Pasma J, Custers J, Grazia Pau M, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R. A prophylactic multivalent vaccine against different filovirus species is immunogenic and provides protection from lethal infections with Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus species in non-human primates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192312. [PMID: 29462200 PMCID: PMC5819775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for a universal filovirus vaccine that provides protection against multiple filovirus species has been prompted by sporadic but highly lethal outbreaks of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus infections. A good prophylactic vaccine should be able to provide protection to all known filovirus species and as an upside potentially protect from newly emerging virus strains. We investigated the immunogenicity and protection elicited by multivalent vaccines expressing glycoproteins (GP) from Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Immune responses against filovirus GP have been associated with protection from disease. The GP antigens were expressed by adenovirus serotypes 26 and 35 (Ad26 and Ad35) and modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors, all selected for their strong immunogenicity and good safety profile. Using fully lethal NHP intramuscular challenge models, we assessed different vaccination regimens for immunogenicity and protection from filovirus disease. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-Ad35 prime-boost vaccination regimens could give full protection against MARV (range 75%-100% protection) and EBOV (range 50% to 100%) challenge, and partial protection (75%) against SUDV challenge. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-MVA prime-boost immunization gave full protection against EBOV challenge in a small cohort study. The use of such multivalent vaccines did not show overt immune interference in comparison with monovalent vaccines. Multivalent vaccines induced GP-specific antibody responses and cellular IFNγ responses to each GP expressed by the vaccine, and cross-reactivity to TAFV GP was detected in a trivalent vaccine expressing GP from EBOV, SUDV and MARV. In the EBOV challenge studies, higher humoral EBOV GP-specific immune responses (p = 0.0004) were associated with survival from EBOV challenge and less so for cellular immune responses (p = 0.0320). These results demonstrate that it is feasible to generate a multivalent filovirus vaccine that can protect against lethal infection by multiple members of the filovirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Trevor Brasel
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis D. Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad E. Mire
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mo Weijtens
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Khavrutskii IV, Chaudhury S, Stronsky SM, Lee DW, Benko JG, Wallqvist A, Bavari S, Cooper CL. Quantitative Analysis of Repertoire-Scale Immunoglobulin Properties in Vaccine-Induced B-Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:910. [PMID: 28855898 PMCID: PMC5557726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the next-generation sequencing of B-cell receptors (BCRs) enable the characterization of humoral responses at a repertoire-wide scale and provide the capability for identifying unique features of immune repertoires in response to disease, vaccination, or infection. Immunosequencing now readily generates 103–105 sequences per sample; however, statistical analysis of these repertoires is challenging because of the high genetic diversity of BCRs and the elaborate clonal relationships among them. To date, most immunosequencing analyses have focused on reporting qualitative trends in immunoglobulin (Ig) properties, such as usage or somatic hypermutation (SHM) percentage of the Ig heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene segment family, and on reducing complex Ig property distributions to simple summary statistics. However, because Ig properties are typically not normally distributed, any approach that fails to assess the distribution as a whole may be inadequate in (1) properly assessing the statistical significance of repertoire differences, (2) identifying how two repertoires differ, and (3) determining appropriate confidence intervals for assessing the size of the differences and their potential biological relevance. To address these issues, we have developed a technique that uses Wilcox’ robust statistics toolbox to identify statistically significant vaccine-specific differences between Ig repertoire properties. The advantage of this technique is that it can determine not only whether but also where the distributions differ, even when the Ig repertoire properties are non-normally distributed. We used this technique to characterize murine germinal center (GC) B-cell repertoires in response to a complex Ebola virus-like particle (eVLP) vaccine candidate with known protective efficacy. The eVLP-mediated GC B-cell responses were highly diverse, consisting of thousands of clonotypes. Despite this staggering diversity, we identified statistically significant differences between non-immunized, vaccine only, and vaccine-plus-adjuvant groups in terms of Ig properties, including IGHV-family usage, SHM percentage, and characteristics of the BCR complementarity-determining region. Most notably, our analyses identified a robust eVLP-specific feature—enhanced IGHV8-family usage in B-cell repertoires. These findings demonstrate the utility of our technique in identifying statistically significant BCR repertoire differences following vaccination. More generally, our approach is potentially applicable to a wide range of studies in infection, vaccination, auto-immunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja V Khavrutskii
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Sabrina M Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Donald W Lee
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Jacqueline G Benko
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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15
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Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV), and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Nearly 30,000 infections were observed in the latest EBOV epidemic in West Africa; previous outbreaks were much smaller, typically only affecting less than a few hundred people. Compared to other diseases such as AIDS or Malaria with millions of cases annually, filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available to treat EBOV and MARV infections; therefore, these pathogens can only be handled in maximum containment laboratories and are classified as select agents. Under these limitations, a very few laboratories worldwide conducted basic research and countermeasure development for EBOV and MARV since their respective discoveries in 1967 (MARV) and 1976 (EBOV). In this review, we discuss several vaccine platforms against EBOV and MARV, which have been assessed for their protective efficacy in animal models of FHF. The focus is on the most promising approaches, which were accelerated in clinical development (phase I-III trials) during the EBOV epidemic in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Reynolds
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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16
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Martins KA, Jahrling PB, Bavari S, Kuhn JH. Ebola virus disease candidate vaccines under evaluation in clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1101-12. [PMID: 27160784 PMCID: PMC5026048 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1187566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Filoviruses are the etiological agents of two human illnesses: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease. Until 2013, medical countermeasure development against these afflictions was limited to only a few research institutes worldwide as both infections were considered exotic due to very low case numbers. Together with the high case-fatality rate of both diseases, evaluation of any candidate countermeasure in properly controlled clinical trials seemed impossible. However, in 2013, Ebola virus was identified as the etiological agent of a large disease outbreak in Western Africa including almost 30,000 infections and more than 11,000 deaths, including case exportations to Europe and North America. These large case numbers resulted in medical countermeasure development against Ebola virus disease becoming a global public-health priority. This review summarizes the status quo of candidate vaccines against Ebola virus disease, with a focus on those that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Martins
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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17
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Production of Potent Fully Human Polyclonal Antibodies against Ebola Zaire Virus in Transchromosomal Cattle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24897. [PMID: 27109916 PMCID: PMC4842964 DOI: 10.1038/srep24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies, derived from humans or hyperimmunized animals, have been used prophylactically or therapeutically as countermeasures for a variety of infectious diseases. SAB Biotherapeutics has successfully developed a transchromosomic (Tc) bovine platform technology that can produce fully human immunoglobulins rapidly, and in substantial quantities, against a variety of disease targets. In this study, two Tc bovines expressing high levels of fully human IgG were hyperimmunized with a recombinant glycoprotein (GP) vaccine consisting of the 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) Makona isolate. Serum collected from these hyperimmunized Tc bovines contained high titers of human IgG against EBOV GP as determined by GP specific ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and virus neutralization assays. Fully human polyclonal antibodies against EBOV were purified and evaluated in a mouse challenge model using mouse adapted Ebola virus (maEBOV). Intraperitoneal administration of the purified anti-EBOV IgG (100 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice one day after lethal challenge with maEBOV resulted in 90% protection; whereas 100% of the control animals succumbed. The results show that hyperimmunization of Tc bovines with EBOV GP can elicit protective and potent neutralizing fully human IgG antibodies rapidly and in commercially viable quantities.
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18
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Fan Y, Moon JJ. Particulate delivery systems for vaccination against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27038091 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioterrorism agents that can be easily transmitted with high mortality rates and cause debilitating diseases pose major threats to national security and public health. The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa and ongoing Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, now spreading throughout Latin America, are case examples of emerging infectious pathogens that have incited widespread fear and economic and social disruption on a global scale. Prophylactic vaccines would provide effective countermeasures against infectious pathogens and biological warfare agents. However, traditional approaches relying on attenuated or inactivated vaccines have been hampered by their unacceptable levels of reactogenicity and safety issues, whereas subunit antigen-based vaccines suffer from suboptimal immunogenicity and efficacy. In contrast, particulate vaccine delivery systems offer key advantages, including efficient and stable delivery of subunit antigens, co-delivery of adjuvant molecules to bolster immune responses, low reactogenicity due to the use of biocompatible biomaterials, and robust efficiency to elicit humoral and cellular immunity in systemic and mucosal tissues. Thus, vaccine nanoparticles and microparticles are promising platforms for clinical development of biodefense vaccines. In this review, we summarize the current status of research efforts to develop particulate vaccine delivery systems against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1403. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1403 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Martins KAO, Cooper CL, Stronsky SM, Norris SLW, Kwilas SA, Steffens JT, Benko JG, van Tongeren SA, Bavari S. Adjuvant-enhanced CD4 T Cell Responses are Critical to Durable Vaccine Immunity. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:67-78. [PMID: 26870818 PMCID: PMC4739439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based vaccines offer a safer alternative to live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines but have limited immunogenicity. The identification of adjuvants that augment immunogenicity, specifically in a manner that is durable and antigen-specific, is therefore critical for advanced development. In this study, we use the filovirus virus-like particle (VLP) as a model protein-based vaccine in order to evaluate the impact of four candidate vaccine adjuvants on enhancing long term protection from Ebola virus challenge. Adjuvants tested include poly-ICLC (Hiltonol), MPLA, CpG 2395, and alhydrogel. We compared and contrasted antibody responses, neutralizing antibody responses, effector T cell responses, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell frequencies with each adjuvant's impact on durable protection. We demonstrate that in this system, the most effective adjuvant elicits a Th1-skewed antibody response and strong CD4 T cell responses, including an increase in Tfh frequency. Using immune-deficient animals and adoptive transfer of serum and cells from vaccinated animals into naïve animals, we further demonstrate that serum and CD4 T cells play a critical role in conferring protection within effective vaccination regimens. These studies inform on the requirements of long term immune protection, which can potentially be used to guide screening of clinical-grade adjuvants for vaccine clinical development. Adjuvants can prolong the protection afforded by protein-based vaccines and impact adaptive immune responses Enhanced CD4 T cell responses, helper and effector, correlate with duration of protection Durable protection from ma-EBOV is associated with Tfh frequency, Th1 antibody titers, and effector CD4 T cells
Protein-based vaccines are extremely safe, but they sometimes require the addition of adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. In this study, we compared the impact of multiple adjuvants on immunogenicity, focusing on the duration of vaccine-mediated protection in mice. We then looked at how each adjuvant impacted the immune response in order to identify correlates of that long lasting immunity. The most effective adjuvant/vaccine combinations elicited multifunctional CD4 T cell responses and a Th1-skewed antibody response. By transferring antigen-experienced CD4 T cells and serum into naïve animals, we demonstrated that both CD4 T cells and serum were critical for durable vaccine-mediated protection.
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Key Words
- Adjuvant
- BME, beta mercaptoethanol
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DSCF, Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner
- Durable protection
- ELISA, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- Ebola virus
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GP, glycoprotein
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IM, intramuscular
- IP, intraperitoneal
- IQR, interquartile range
- Immune correlates
- LN, lymph node
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- NAb, neutralizing antibody
- Ns, not significant
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- Pfu, plaque forming unit
- PsVNA, pseudovirion neutralization assay
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- USAMRIID, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
- VLP, virus-like particle
- Vaccine
- ma-EBOV, mouse-adapted Ebola virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A O Martins
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina M Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L W Norris
- Research Support Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Benko
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sean A van Tongeren
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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20
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Bounds CE, Kwilas SA, Kuehne AI, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Dye JM, Hooper JW, Dupuy LC, Ellefsen B, Hannaman D, Wu H, Jiao JA, Sullivan EJ, Schmaljohn CS. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced through DNA Vaccination of Transchromosomal Cattle Provide Mice with Post-Exposure Protection against Lethal Zaire and Sudan Ebolaviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137786. [PMID: 26422247 PMCID: PMC4589376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination of transchromosomal bovines (TcBs) with DNA vaccines expressing the codon-optimized (co) glycoprotein (GP) genes of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) produce fully human polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that recognize both viruses and demonstrate robust neutralizing activity. Each TcB was vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation (IM-EP) a total of four times and at each administration received 10 mg of the EBOV-GPco DNA vaccine and 10 mg of the SUDV-GPco DNA vaccine at two sites on the left and right sides, respectively. After two vaccinations, robust antibody responses (titers > 1000) were detected by ELISA against whole irradiated EBOV or SUDV and recombinant EBOV-GP or SUDV-GP (rGP) antigens, with higher titers observed for the rGP antigens. Strong, virus neutralizing antibody responses (titers >1000) were detected after three vaccinations when measured by vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA). Maximal neutralizing antibody responses were identified by traditional plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) after four vaccinations. Neutralizing activity of human immunoglobulins (IgG) purified from TcB plasma collected after three vaccinations and injected intraperitoneally (IP) into mice at a 100 mg/kg dose was detected in the serum by PsVNA up to 14 days after administration. Passive transfer by IP injection of the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) to groups of BALB/c mice one day after IP challenge with mouse adapted (ma) EBOV resulted in 80% protection while all mice treated with non-specific pAbs succumbed. Similarly, interferon receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR -/-) mice receiving the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) by IP injection one day after IP challenge with wild type SUDV resulted in 89% survival. These results are the first to demonstrate that filovirus GP DNA vaccines administered to TcBs by IM-EP can elicit neutralizing antibodies that provide post-exposure protection. Additionally, these data describe production of fully human IgG in a large animal system, a system which is capable of producing large quantities of a clinical grade therapeutic product.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/genetics
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Sudan
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E. Bounds
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Brannan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lesley C. Dupuy
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Ellefsen
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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