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Micalet A, Upadhyay A, Javanmardi Y, de Brito CG, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. Patient-specific colorectal-cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate tumor microenvironment mechanics. iScience 2024; 27:110060. [PMID: 38883829 PMCID: PMC11179580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a major role in reorganizing the physical tumor micro-environment and changing tissue stiffness. Herein, using an engineered three-dimensional (3D) model that mimics the tumor's native biomechanical environment, we characterized the changes in matrix stiffness caused by six patient-specific colorectal CAF populations. After 21 days of culture, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to precisely measure the local changes in tissue stiffness. Each CAF population exhibited heterogeneity in remodeling capabilities, with some patient-derived cells stiffening the matrix and others softening it. Tissue stiffening was mainly attributed to active contraction of the matrix by the cells, whereas the softening was due to enzymatic activity of matrix-cleaving proteins. This measured heterogeneity was lost when the CAFs were cocultured with colorectal cancer cells, as all samples significantly soften the tissue. The interplay between cancer cells and CAFs was critical as it altered any heterogeneity exhibited by CAFs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anuja Upadhyay
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London W2 6LD, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
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2
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Ra’oh NA, Man RC, Fauzi MB, Ghafar NA, Buyong MR, Hwei NM, Halim WHWA. Recent Approaches to the Modification of Collagen Biomatrix as a Corneal Biomatrix and Its Cellular Interaction. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071766. [PMID: 37050380 PMCID: PMC10097332 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, numerous modifications and advancements have been made to design the optimal corneal biomatrix for corneal epithelial cell (CECs) or limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) carriers. However, researchers have yet to discover the ideal optimization strategies for corneal biomatrix design and its effects on cultured CECs or LESCs. This review discusses and summarizes recent optimization strategies for developing an ideal collagen biomatrix and its interactions with CECs and LESCs. Using PRISMA guidelines, articles published from June 2012 to June 2022 were systematically searched using Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, and EBSCOhost databases. The literature search identified 444 potential relevant published articles, with 29 relevant articles selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria following screening and appraising processes. Physicochemical and biocompatibility (in vitro and in vivo) characterization methods are highlighted, which are inconsistent throughout various studies. Despite the variability in the methodology approach, it is postulated that the modification of the collagen biomatrix improves its mechanical and biocompatibility properties toward CECs and LESCs. All findings are discussed in this review, which provides a general view of recent trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amalia Ra’oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rohaina Che Man
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Pape J, Micalet A, Alsheikh W, Ezbakh N, Virjee RI, Al Hosni R, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. Biophysical Parameters Can Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Phenotypic and Genotypic Changes in HT-29 Cells: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3956. [PMID: 36835368 PMCID: PMC9962772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer is the process described where cancer epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties which can lead to enhanced invasiveness. Three-dimensional cancer models often lack the relevant and biomimetic microenvironment parameters appropriate to the native tumour microenvironment thought to drive EMT. In this study, HT-29 epithelial colorectal cells were cultivated in different oxygen and collagen concentrations to investigate how these biophysical parameters influenced invasion patterns and EMT. Colorectal HT-29 cells were grown in physiological hypoxia (5% O2) and normoxia (21% O2) in 2D, 3D soft (60 Pa), and 3D stiff (4 kPa) collagen matrices. Physiological hypoxia was sufficient to trigger expression of markers of EMT in the HT-29 cells in 2D by day 7. This is in contrast to a control breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, which expresses a mesenchymal phenotype regardless of the oxygen concentration. In 3D, HT-29 cells invaded more extensively in a stiff matrix environment with corresponding increases in the invasive genes MMP2 and RAE1. This demonstrates that the physiological environment can directly impact HT-29 cells in terms of EMT marker expression and invasion, compared to an established cell line, MDA-MB-231, which has already undergone EMT. This study highlights the importance of the biophysical microenvironment to cancer epithelial cells and how these factors can direct cell behaviour. In particular, that stiffness of the 3D matrix drives greater invasion in HT-29 cells regardless of hypoxia. It is also pertinent that some cell lines (already having undergone EMT) are not as sensitive to the biophysical features of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pape
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Auxtine Micalet
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wissal Alsheikh
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Nadia Ezbakh
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Rania-Iman Virjee
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Rawiya Al Hosni
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
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Doyle ME, Dalgarno K, Masoero E, Ferreira AM. Advances in biomimetic collagen mineralisation and future approaches to bone tissue engineering. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23527. [PMID: 36444710 PMCID: PMC10078151 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With an ageing world population and ~20% of adults in Europe being affected by bone diseases, there is an urgent need to develop advanced regenerative approaches and biomaterials capable to facilitate tissue regeneration while providing an adequate microenvironment for cells to thrive. As the main components of bone are collagen and apatite mineral, scientists in the tissue engineering field have attempted in combining these materials by using different biomimetic approaches to favour bone repair. Still, an ideal bone analogue capable of mimicking the distinct properties (i.e., mechanical properties, degradation rate, porosity, etc.) of cancellous bone is to be developed. This review seeks to sum up the current understanding of bone tissue mineralisation and structure while providing a critical outlook on the existing biomimetic strategies of mineralising collagen for bone tissue engineering applications, highlighting where gaps in knowledge exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenny Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Exploring the Concept of In Vivo Guided Tissue Engineering by a Single-Stage Surgical Procedure in a Rodent Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012703. [PMID: 36293558 PMCID: PMC9604108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe malformations with a lack of native tissues, treatment options are limited. We aimed at expanding tissue in vivo using the body as a bioreactor and developing a sustainable single-staged procedure for autologous tissue reconstruction in malformation surgery. Autologous micro-epithelium from skin was integrated with plastically compressed collagen and a degradable knitted fabric mesh. Sixty-three scaffolds were implanted in nine rats for histological and mechanical analyses, up to 4 weeks after transplantation. Tissue integration, cell expansion, proliferation, inflammation, strength, and elasticity were evaluated over time in vivo and validated in vitro in a bladder wound healing model. After 5 days in vivo, we observed keratinocyte proliferation on top of the transplant, remodeling of the collagen, and neovascularization within the transplant. At 4 weeks, all transplants were fully integrated with the surrounding tissue. Tensile strength and elasticity were retained during the whole study period. In the in vitro models, a multilayered epithelium covered the defect after 4 weeks. Autologous micro-epithelial transplants allowed for cell expansion and reorganization in vivo without conventional pre-operative in vitro cell propagation. The method was easy to perform and did not require handling outside the operating theater.
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6
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Al Hosni R, Bozec L, Roberts SJ, Cheema U. Reprogramming bone progenitor identity and potency through control of collagen density and oxygen tension. iScience 2022; 25:104059. [PMID: 35345460 PMCID: PMC8957015 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biophysical microenvironment of the cell is being increasingly used to control cell signaling and to direct cell function. Herein, engineered 3D tuneable biomimetic scaffolds are used to control the cell microenvironment of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (AMSC), which exhibit a collagen density-specific profile for early and late stage bone cell lineage status. Cell potency was enhanced when AMSCs were cultured within low collagen density environments in hypoxic conditions. A transitional culture containing varied collagen densities in hypoxic conditions directed differential cell fate responses. The early skeletal progenitor identity (PDPN+CD146−CD73+CD164+) was rescued in the cells which migrated into low collagen density gels, with cells continuously exposed to the high collagen density gels displaying a transitioned bone-cartilage-stromal phenotype (PDPN+CD146+CD73−CD164-). This study uncovers the significant contributions of the physical and physiological cell environment and highlights a chemically independent methodology for reprogramming and isolating skeletal progenitor cells from an adipose-derived cell population. Fabrication of a 3D transitional culture to control adipose-derived MSC (AMSC) fate AMSC potency is enhanced in low collagen density gels under hypoxic conditions Early skeletal progenitor identity of AMSCs is enriched in a low collagen density gel Bone-cartilage-stromal identity of AMSCs is enriched in a high collagen density gel
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7
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Formisano N, Putten C, Grant R, Sahin G, Truckenmüller RK, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA, Giselbrecht S. Mechanical Properties of Bioengineered Corneal Stroma. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100972. [PMID: 34369098 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the majority of patients with severe corneal injury or disease, corneal transplantation is the only suitable treatment option. Unfortunately, the demand for donor corneas greatly exceeds the availability. To overcome shortage issues, a myriad of bioengineered constructs have been developed as mimetics of the corneal stroma over the last few decades. Despite the sheer number of bioengineered stromas developed , these implants fail clinical trials exhibiting poor tissue integration and adverse effects in vivo. Such shortcomings can partially be ascribed to poor biomechanical performance. In this review, existing approaches for bioengineering corneal stromal constructs and their mechanical properties are described. The information collected in this review can be used to critically analyze the biomechanical properties of future stromal constructs, which are often overlooked, but can determine the failure or success of corresponding implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nello Formisano
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Cas Putten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon Grant
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Gozde Sahin
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
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8
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Micalet A, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. 3D In Vitro Models for Investigating the Role of Stiffness in Cancer Invasion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34081437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumorigenesis is attributed to the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment through both biochemical cues and physical stimuli. Increased matrix deposition and realignment of the collagen fibers are detected by cancer cells, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which in turn stimulates cell motility and invasiveness. METHODS This review provides an overview of current research on the role of the physical microenvironment in cancer invasion. This was achieved by using a systematic approach and providing meta-analyses. Particular focus was placed on in vitro three-dimensional models of epithelial cancers. We investigated questions such as the effect of matrix stiffening, activation of stromal cells, and identified potential advances in mechano-based therapies. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that 64% of studies report cancer invasion promotion as stiffness increases, while 36% report the opposite. Experimental approaches and data interpretations were varied, each affecting the invasion of cancer differently. Examples are the experimental timeframes used (24 h to 21 days), the type of polymer used (24 types), and choice of cell line (33 cell lines). The stiffness of the 3D matrices varied from 0.5 to 300 kPa and 19% of these matrices' stiffness were outside commonly accepted physiological range. 100% of the studies outside biological stiffness range (above 20 kPa) report that stiffness does not promote cancer invasion. CONCLUSIONS Taking this analysis into account, we inform on the type of experimental approaches that could be the most relevant and provide what would be a standardized protocol and reporting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
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9
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Salvatore L, Gallo N, Natali ML, Terzi A, Sannino A, Madaghiele M. Mimicking the Hierarchical Organization of Natural Collagen: Toward the Development of Ideal Scaffolding Material for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:644595. [PMID: 33987173 PMCID: PMC8112590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.644595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials found in living organisms, many of which are proteins, feature a complex hierarchical organization. Type I collagen, a fibrous structural protein ubiquitous in the mammalian body, provides a striking example of such a hierarchical material, with peculiar architectural features ranging from the amino acid sequence at the nanoscale (primary structure) up to the assembly of fibrils (quaternary structure) and fibers, with lengths of the order of microns. Collagen plays a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues and organs, such as bone, skin, tendons, blood vessels, and cartilage. Thus, "artificial" collagen-based fibrous assemblies, endowed with appropriate structural properties, represent ideal substrates for the development of devices for tissue engineering applications. In recent years, with the ultimate goal of developing three-dimensional scaffolds with optimal bioactivity able to promote both regeneration and functional recovery of a damaged tissue, numerous studies focused on the capability to finely modulate the scaffold architecture at the microscale and the nanoscale in order to closely mimic the hierarchical features of the extracellular matrix and, in particular, the natural patterning of collagen. All of these studies clearly show that the accurate characterization of the collagen structure at the submolecular and supramolecular levels is pivotal to the understanding of the relationships between the nanostructural/microstructural properties of the fabricated scaffold and its macroscopic performance. Several studies also demonstrate that the selected processing, including any crosslinking and/or sterilization treatments, can strongly affect the architecture of collagen at various length scales. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent findings on the development of collagen-based scaffolds with optimized properties for tissue engineering. The optimization of the scaffolds is particularly related to the modulation of the collagen architecture, which, in turn, impacts on the achieved bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Natali
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Significance of Crosslinking Approaches in the Development of Next Generation Hydrogels for Corneal Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030319. [PMID: 33671011 PMCID: PMC7997321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical conditions such as trachoma, keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy can damage the cornea, leading to visual deterioration and blindness and necessitating a cornea transplant. Due to the shortage of donor corneas, hydrogels have been investigated as potential corneal replacements. A key factor that influences the physical and biochemical properties of these hydrogels is how they are crosslinked. In this paper, an overview is provided of different crosslinking techniques and crosslinking chemical additives that have been applied to hydrogels for the purposes of corneal tissue engineering, drug delivery or corneal repair. Factors that influence the success of a crosslinker are considered that include material composition, dosage, fabrication method, immunogenicity and toxicity. Different crosslinking techniques that have been used to develop injectable hydrogels for corneal regeneration are summarized. The limitations and future prospects of crosslinking strategies for use in corneal tissue engineering are discussed. It is demonstrated that the choice of crosslinking technique has a significant influence on the biocompatibility, mechanical properties and chemical structure of hydrogels that may be suitable for corneal tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
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A Tenon's capsule/bulbar conjunctiva interface biomimetic to model fibrosis and local drug delivery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241569. [PMID: 33141875 PMCID: PMC7608904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma filtration surgery is one of the most effective methods for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma. The surgery efficiently reduces intra-ocular pressure but the most common cause of failure is scarring at the incision site. This occurs in the conjunctiva/Tenon’s capsule layer overlying the scleral coat of the eye. Currently used antimetabolite treatments to prevent post-surgical scarring are non-selective and are associated with potentially blinding side effects. Developing new treatments to target scarring requires both a better understanding of wound healing and scarring in the conjunctiva, and new means of delivering anti-scarring drugs locally and sustainably. By combining plastic compression of collagen gels with a soft collagen-based layer, we have developed a physiologically relevant model of the sub-epithelial bulbar conjunctiva/Tenon’s capsule interface, which allows a more holistic approach to the understanding of subconjunctival tissue behaviour and local drug delivery. The biomimetic tissue hosts both primary human conjunctival fibroblasts and an immune component in the form of macrophages, morphologically and structurally mimicking the mechanical proprieties and contraction kinetics of ex vivo porcine conjunctiva. We show that our model is suitable for the screening of drugs targeting scarring and/or inflammation, and amenable to the study of local drug delivery devices that can be inserted in between the two layers of the biomimetic. We propose that this multicellular-bilayer engineered tissue will be useful to study complex biological aspects of scarring and fibrosis, including the role of inflammation, with potentially significant implications for the management of scarring following glaucoma filtration surgery and other anterior ocular segment scarring conditions. Crucially, it uniquely allows the evaluation of new means of local drug delivery within a physiologically relevant tissue mimetic, mimicking intraoperative drug delivery in vivo.
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Krziminski C, Kammann S, Hansmann J, Edenhofer F, Dandekar G, Walles H, Leistner M. Development of a bioreactor system for pre-endothelialized cardiac patch generation with enhanced viscoelastic properties by combined collagen I compression and stromal cell culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1749-1762. [PMID: 32893470 DOI: 10.1002/term.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of terminal heart failure still poses a significant clinical problem. Cardiac tissue engineering could offer autologous solutions for the replacement of nonfunctional myocardial tissue. So far, soft matrix construction and missing large-scale prevascularization prevented the application of sizeable cardiac repair patches. We developed a novel bioreactor system for semi-automatic compression of a collagen I hydrogel applying 16 times higher pressure than in previous studies. Resistance towards compression stress was investigated for multiple cardiac-related cell types. For scaffold prevascuarization, a tubular cavity was imprinted during the compaction process. Primary cardiac-derived endothelial cells (ECs) were isolated from human left atrial appendages (HLAAs) and characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunocytology. EC were then seeded into the preformed channel with dermal fibroblasts as interstitial cell component of the fully cellularized patch. After 8 days of constant perfusion culture within the same bioreactor, scaffold dynamic modulus and cell viability were analyzed. Endothelial proliferation and vessel maturation were examined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Our design allowed for scaffold production and dynamic culture in a one-stop-shop model. Enhanced compression and cell-mediated matrix remodeling induced a significant increase in scaffold stiffness while ensuring excellent cell survival. For the first time, we could isolate HLAA-derived EC with proliferative potential. ECs within the central channel proliferated during flow culture, continuously expressing endothelial markers (CD31) and displaying basal membrane synthesis (collagen IV, ultrastructural analysis). After 7 days of culture, a complete endothelial monolayer could be observed. Covering cells aligned themselves in flow direction and developed mature cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Krziminski
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kammann
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT), Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Faculty Electrical Engineering, University for Applied Sciences Wuerzburg-Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany.,Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Research Center Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Dandekar
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Research Center Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Leistner
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Research Center Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Muangsanit P, Day A, Dimiou S, Ataç AF, Kayal C, Park H, Nazhat SN, Phillips JB. Rapidly formed stable and aligned dense collagen gels seeded with Schwann cells support peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:046036. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abaa9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Smolar J, Nardo DD, Reichmann E, Gobet R, Eberli D, Horst M. Detrusor bioengineering using a cell-enriched compressed collagen hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3045-3055. [PMID: 32420687 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gold standard for bladder regeneration in end-stage bladder disease is the use of intestinal tissue, which is however associated with significant long-term complications. Our study aims to bioengineer functional detrusor muscle combining bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) and SMC-like adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) in compressed collagen (CC) hydrogels and to investigate biocompatibility and tissue regeneration of such detrusor-equivalents in a rat detrusorectomy model. METHODS Compressed collagen hydrogels seeded with 1 × 106 or 4 × 106 SMC alone or in combination with pADSC in a 1:1 ratio were investigated. Morphology, phenotype, and viability as well as proteomic secretome analysis were assessed in the 1:1 co-cultures and the respective monocultures. The hydrogels were implanted into rat bladders after partial detrusorectomy. Bladders were harvested 8 weeks after transplantation, and assessed for tissue morphology, detrusor regeneration, neo-vascularization and -innervation. RESULTS Co-cultured cells exhibited native SMC morphology, high viability and proliferated to form microtissues in vitro. The pro-angiogenic factors angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and -D were increased in the secretome of the pADSC samples. After 8 weeks of in vivo, the regenerated bladder wall showed a multilayered structure containing all bladder wall components. The overall performance of the bladder wall regeneration of CC seeded with 4 × 106 cells was significantly better than with 1 × 106 cells and the combination SMC:pADCS performed slightly better than SMC alone. CONCLUSION Compressed collagen possesses an adequate regenerative potential to promote regeneration of bladder wall tissue in vivo. Seeded with a combination of pADSC and SMC this may well be the first step towards a functional bladder reconstruction especially in patients suffering of end-stage bladder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smolar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele De Nardo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Department of Surgery, Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Ionescu AM, Chato-Astrain J, Cardona JDLC, Campos F, Pérez MM, Alaminos M, Garzón I. Evaluation of the optical and biomechanical properties of bioengineered human skin generated with fibrin-agarose biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-16. [PMID: 32383372 PMCID: PMC7203517 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.5.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent generation of bioengineered human skin allowed the efficient treatment of patients with severe skin defects. However, the optical and biomechanical properties of these models are not known. AIM Three models of bioengineered human skin based on fibrin-agarose biomaterials (acellular, dermal skin substitutes, and complete dermoepidermal skin substitutes) were generated and analyzed. APPROACH Optical and biomechanical properties of these artificial human skin substitutes were investigated using the inverse adding-doubling method and tensile tests, respectively. RESULTS The analysis of the optical properties revealed that the model that most resembled the optical behavior of the native human skin in terms of absorption and scattering properties was the dermoepidermal human skin substitutes after 7 to 14 days in culture. The time-course evaluation of the biomechanical parameters showed that the dermoepidermal substitutes displayed significant higher values than acellular and dermal skin substitutes for all parameters analyzed and did not differ from the control skin for traction deformation, stress, and strain at fracture break. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the crucial role of the cells from a physical point of view, confirming that a bioengineered dermoepidermal human skin substitute based on fibrin-agarose biomaterials is able to fulfill the minimal requirements for skin transplants for future clinical use at early stages of in vitro development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Ionescu
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Chato-Astrain
- University of Granada, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tissue Engineering Group, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de la Cruz Cardona
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- University of Granada, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tissue Engineering Group, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria M. Pérez
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tissue Engineering Group, Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tissue Engineering Group, Granada, Spain
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17
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Dash BC, Setia O, Gorecka J, Peyvandi H, Duan K, Lopes L, Nie J, Berthiaume F, Dardik A, Hsia HC. A Dense Fibrillar Collagen Scaffold Differentially Modulates Secretory Function of iPSC-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Promote Wound Healing. Cells 2020; 9:E966. [PMID: 32295218 PMCID: PMC7226960 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate vascular smooth muscle cells (hiPSC-VSMCs) in abundance is a promising strategy for vascular regeneration. While hiPSC-VSMCs have already been utilized for tissue-engineered vascular grafts and disease modeling, there is a lack of investigations exploring their therapeutic secretory factors. The objective of this manuscript was to understand how the biophysical property of a collagen-based scaffold dictates changes in the secretory function of hiPSC-VSMCs while developing hiPSC-VSMC-based therapy for durable regenerative wound healing. We investigated the effect of collagen fibrillar density (CFD) on hiPSC-VSMC's paracrine secretion and cytokines via the construction of varying density of collagen scaffolds. Our study demonstrated that CFD is a key scaffold property that modulates the secretory function of hiPSC-VSMCs. This study lays the foundation for developing collagen-based scaffold materials for the delivery of hiPSC-VSMCs to promote regenerative healing through guiding paracrine signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biraja C. Dash
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (H.P.); (K.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Ocean Setia
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (O.S.); (J.G.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Jolanta Gorecka
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (O.S.); (J.G.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Hassan Peyvandi
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (H.P.); (K.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Kaiti Duan
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (H.P.); (K.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Lara Lopes
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (O.S.); (J.G.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - James Nie
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (H.P.); (K.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (O.S.); (J.G.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Henry C. Hsia
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (H.P.); (K.D.); (J.N.)
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18
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Kayal C, Moeendarbary E, Shipley RJ, Phillips JB. Mechanical Response of Neural Cells to Physiologically Relevant Stiffness Gradients. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901036. [PMID: 31793251 PMCID: PMC8407326 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of the mechanical environment on neurite behavior is crucial in the development of peripheral nerve repair solutions, and could help tissue engineers to direct and guide regeneration. In this study, a new protocol to fabricate physiologically relevant hydrogel substrates with controlled mechanical cues is proposed. These hydrogels allow the analysis of the relative effects of both the absolute stiffness value and the local stiffness gradient on neural cell behavior, particularly for low stiffness values (1-2 kPa). NG108-15 neural cell behavior is studied using well-characterized collagen gradient substrates with stiffness values ranging from 1 to 10 kPa and gradient slopes of either 0.84 or 7.9 kPa mm-1 . It is found that cell orientation is influenced by specific combinations of stiffness value and stiffness gradient. The results highlight the importance of considering the type of hydrogel as well as both the absolute value of the stiffness and the steepness of its gradient, thus introducing a new framework for the development of tissue engineered scaffolds and the study of substrate stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kayal
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA
| | - Rebecca J. Shipley
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - James B. Phillips
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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19
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Sohutskay DO, Puls TJ, Voytik-Harbin SL. Collagen Self-assembly: Biophysics and Biosignaling for Advanced Tissue Generation. MULTI-SCALE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX MECHANICS AND MECHANOBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20182-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Kabak EC, Fernández-Pérez J, Ahearne M. Development and Validation of a 3D In Vitro Model to Study the Chemotactic Behavior of Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2145:185-196. [PMID: 32542608 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0599-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in crucial biological phenomena including immune response, cancer metastasis, and wound healing. Although many chemotaxis assays have been developed to better understand these multicomplex biological mechanisms, most of them have serious limitations mainly due to the poor representation of native three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Here, we describe a method to develop and validate a novel 3D in vitro chemotaxis model to study the migration of corneal fibroblasts through a stromal equivalent. A hydrogel was used that contained gelatin microspheres loaded with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the inner section and corneal fibroblasts in the outer section. The cell migration toward the chemical stimuli over time can be monitored via confocal microscopy. The development of this in vitro model can be used for both qualitative and quantitative examinations of chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Ceren Kabak
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Biotechnology Unit, Nobel Pharmaceuticals A.S, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Brüningk SC, Rivens I, Mouratidis P, Ter Haar G. Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Hyperthermia in Vitro: An Experimental Arrangement for Treating Cells under Tissue-Mimicking Conditions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3290-3297. [PMID: 31500898 PMCID: PMC6878221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental arrangement that allows in vitro exposure of cells to focused ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia (43°C-55°C) in a tissue-mimicking phantom with biological, acoustic and thermal properties comparable to those of human soft tissue is described. Cells were embedded in a compressed collagen gel, which was sandwiched between 6-mm-thick slices of biocompatible, acoustically absorbing and thermally tissue mimicking poly(vinyl alcohol) cryo-gel. To illustrate the system's potential, cells were exposed using a 1.66-MHz focused ultrasound beam (spatial-peak temporal-average intensities (ISPTA) = 900-1400 W/cm2) that traced out a circular trajectory (5-8 mm in diameter). Real-time temperature monitoring allowed cells to be exposed reproducibly to a pre-determined thermal dose. An experimental planning tool that estimates the thermal dose distribution throughout the sample and allows spatial correlation with cell position has been developed. Treatment response was evaluated qualitatively using microscopy and cell viability testing. This experimental arrangement has significant potential for future, biologically relevant, in vitro focused ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Brüningk
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian Rivens
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Mouratidis
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Physical and mechanical properties of RAFT-stabilised collagen gels for tissue engineering applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 99:216-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Pavlou M, Shah M, Gikas P, Briggs T, Roberts S, Cheema U. Osteomimetic matrix components alter cell migration and drug response in a 3D tumour-engineered osteosarcoma model. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:247-257. [PMID: 31302294 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma management continues to lack the appropriate prognostic tools to assign personalised treatment. This leaves non-responders to standard care vulnerable to recurring disease and pulmonary metastases. Developing 3D in vitro disease models to serve as a test bed for personalised treatment is a promising approach to address this issue. This study describes the generation of 3D osteosarcoma models termed "tumouroids", which are geometrically compartmentalised to reproduce the bone cancer mass and its surrounding. Although the tumour microenvironment impacts osteosarcoma in many ways, this model focussed on interrogating the influence of a biomimetic matrix on tumour cell behaviour. The 3D matrix was supplemented with the bone-marrow proteins laminin, fibronectin and NuOss® bone granules. This led to increased invasion of osteosarcoma cell aggregates from within the bone-like matrix into the surrounding acellular bone marrow-like ECM. The presence of bone granules also yielded an atypical molecular profile of osteosarcoma cells, suggesting malignant metabolic reprogramming. Changes include decreased MMP-9 (p < 0.05) and increased PTEN (p < 0.05), MCP-1 (p < 0.01) and MCT-4 (p < 0.05) gene expression. This complex 3D biomimetic composition also changed cellular responses to doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic agent used to treat osteosarcoma, and reproduced key issues of in vivo treatment like drug penetrance and doxorubicin-induced bone toxicity. This work highlights the importance of a biomimetic matrix in 3D osteosarcoma models for both basic and translational research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the generation of 3D osteosarcoma models termed "tumouroids", which are geometrically compartmentalised to reproduce the bone cancer mass and its environment. Utilising this novel model, specific parameters of osteosarcoma growth and invasion were investigated. Osteosarcoma cell lines proliferate at a slower rate, exhibit malignant metabolic reprogramming, and respond to drug intervention at lower concentrations of doxorubicin hydrochloride in matrix-complex compared to basic tumouroids. As such, this study provides evidence that the tumour microenvironment impacts osteosarcoma in many ways. The osteosarcoma tumouroid described herein may form the basis of a personalised-medicine strategy, which will allow the testing of drug effectiveness similar to that used for antibiotic selection for pathogenic bacteria.
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24
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Sardelli L, Pacheco DP, Zorzetto L, Rinoldi C, Święszkowski W, Petrini P. Engineering biological gradients. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019829023. [PMID: 30803308 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019829023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological gradients profoundly influence many cellular activities, such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation, which are the key to biological processes, such as inflammation, remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Thus, engineered structures containing bioinspired gradients can not only support a better understanding of these phenomena, but also guide and improve the current limits of regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the challenges behind the engineering of devices containing chemical-physical and biomolecular gradients, classifying them according to gradient-making methods and the finalities of the systems. Different manufacturing processes can generate gradients in either in-vitro systems or scaffolds, which are suitable tools for the study of cellular behavior and for regenerative medicine; within these, rapid prototyping techniques may have a huge impact on the controlled production of gradients. The parallel need to develop characterization techniques is addressed, underlining advantages and weaknesses in the analysis of both chemical and physical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sardelli
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D P Pacheco
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Zorzetto
- 2 Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Rinoldi
- 3 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - W Święszkowski
- 3 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - P Petrini
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Udeze CP, Jones ER, Riley GP, Morrissey D, Screen HRC. An in vitro investigation into the effects of 10 Hz cyclic loading on tenocyte metabolism. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1511-1520. [PMID: 31102473 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a prevalent, highly debilitating condition, with poorly defined etiology. A wide range of clinical treatments has been proposed, with systematic reviews largely supporting shock wave therapy or eccentric exercise. Characterizing these treatments have demonstrated both generate perturbations within tendon at a frequency of approximately 8-12 Hz. Consequently, it is hypothesized that loading in this frequency range initiates increased anabolic tenocyte behavior, promoting tendon repair. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 Hz perturbations on tenocyte metabolism, comparing gene expression in response to a 10 Hz and 1 Hz loading profile. Tenocytes from healthy and tendinopathic human tendons were seeded into 3D collagen gels and subjected to 15 minutes cyclic strain at 10 Hz or 1 Hz. Tenocytes from healthy tendon showed increased expression of all analyzed genes in response to loading, with significantly increased expression of inflammatory and degradative genes with 10 Hz, relative to 1 Hz loading. By contrast, whilst the response of tenocytes from tendinopathy tendon also increased with 10 Hz loading, the overall response profile was more varied and less intense, possibly indicative of an altered healing response. Through inhibition of the pathway, IL1 was shown to be involved in the degradative and catabolic response of cells to high-frequency loading, abrogating the loading response. This study has demonstrated for the first time that loading at a frequency of 10 Hz may enhance the metabolic response of tenocytes by initiating an immediate degradatory and inflammatory cell response through the IL1 pathway, perhaps as an initial stage of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chineye P Udeze
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Dylan Morrissey
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Physiotherapy Department, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Hazel R C Screen
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Redha O, Strange A, Maeva A, Sambrook R, Mordan N, McDonald A, Bozec L. Impact of Carbamide Peroxide Whitening Agent on Dentinal Collagen. J Dent Res 2019; 98:443-449. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518822826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamide peroxide (CP) is widely used as a tooth-whitening agent in self-administered tooth-bleaching products. In this study, the effects of 5% and 10% CP on dentinal collagen structure and chemical properties were evaluated in vitro. Thirty-five intact teeth were exposed to 2 whitening protocols (2 or 4 h daily) with either 5% or 10% CP gel for 1 wk. Shade changes before and after the whitening protocol were captured colorimetrically using a spectroshade. Collagen scaffold models and demineralized dentine disc samples were prepared and exposed to CP droplets (5% or 10%). Structural changes were investigated using electron microscopy. Finally, mineralized dentine disc samples were prepared postbleaching to assess chemical changes resulting from CP exposure in dentinal collagen using Raman spectroscopy. Results showed a difference in tooth shade when exposed to 5% and 10% CP whitening protocols, with a significantly ( P ≤ 0.01) greater change reported for the 10% CP/4-h group. Imaging of the collagen scaffold model following exposure to CP showed a gelatinization process indicating that the free radical by-products from CP are able to disrupt the quaternary structure of noncrosslinked collagen. The most significant damage on the collagen scaffold was seen for the 10% CP exposure for 4 h. Imaging of the demineralized discs displayed the same glassy amorphous layer appearance as found in the collagen scaffold. Raman spectra of the mineralized dentine discs showed a significant decrease ( P ≤ 0.01) in the integrated area of amide I and amide III values in the 4 test groups following CP application. Amide I was more affected as both the exposure time and concentration of CP increased. Despite the claimed safety of whitening agents, this in vitro study concludes that even low concentrations of CP result in a deleterious change in dentinal collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Redha
- Division of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. Strange
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. Maeva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Sambrook
- Division of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N. Mordan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. McDonald
- Division of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - L. Bozec
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Mohee L, Offeddu G, Husmann A, Oyen M, Cameron R. Investigation of the intrinsic permeability of ice-templated collagen scaffolds as a function of their structural and mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:189-198. [PMID: 30366136 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen scaffolds are widely used in a range of tissue engineering applications, both in vitro and in vivo, where their permeability to fluid flow greatly affects their mechanical and biological functionality. This paper reports new insights into the interrelationships between permeability, scaffold structure, fluid pressure and deformation in collagen scaffolds, focussing in particular on the degree of closure and the alignment of the pores. Isotropic and aligned scaffolds of different occlusivity were produced by ice templating, and were characterised in terms of their structure and mechanical properties. Permeability studies were conducted using two experimental set-ups to cover a wide range of applied fluid pressures. The permeability was found to be constant at low pressures for a given scaffold with more open structures and aligned structures being more permeable. The deformation of scaffolds under high pressure led to a decrease in permeability. The aligned structures were more responsive to deformation than their isotropic equivalents with their permeability falling more quickly at low strain. For isotropic samples, a broad (1 - ɛ)2 dependence for permeability was observed with the constant of proportionality varying with collagen fraction as the starting structures became more occluded. Aligned scaffolds did not follow the same behaviour, with the pores apparently closing more quickly in response to early deformation. These results highlight the importance of scaffold structure in determining permeability to interstitial fluid, and provide an understanding of scaffold behaviour within the complex mechanical environment of the body. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen scaffolds are widely used in tissue engineering applications, for instance to contribute with wound healing. Their permeability to fluid flow, such as water and blood, is important to ensure they perform efficiently when inside the body. The present study reports new insights into the relationships between permeability, scaffold structure, fluid pressure and deformation in collagen scaffolds. It presents in particular the experimental setups used to measure these properties and the result of comparisons between collagen scaffolds with different structures: aligned and isotropic (non-aligned). It indicates quantitative differences in terms of permeability, and the effects of compression on such permeability. The results contribute to the development and understanding of collagen scaffolds and their applications.
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Hadi LM, Yaghini E, Stamati K, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. Therapeutic enhancement of a cytotoxic agent using photochemical internalisation in 3D compressed collagen constructs of ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:80-92. [PMID: 30267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for enhancing delivery of drugs to their intracellular target sites of action. In this study we investigated the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxic agent on spheroid and non-spheroid compressed collagen 3D constructs of ovarian cancer versus conventional 2D culture. The therapeutic responses of two human carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) were compared using a range of assays including optical imaging. The treatment was shown to be effective in non-spheroid constructs of both cell lines causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability measured at 48 or 96 h post-illumination. In the larger spheroid constructs, PCI was still effective but required higher saporin and photosensitiser doses. Moreover, in contrast to the 2D and non-spheroid experiments, where comparable efficacy was found for the two cell lines, HEY spheroid constructs were found to be more susceptible to PCI and a lower dose of saporin could be used. PCI treatment was observed to induce death principally by apoptosis in the 3D constructs compared to the mostly necrotic cell death caused by PDT. At low oxygen levels (1%) both PDT and PCI were significantly less effective in the constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of new drugs or delivery systems for cancer therapy prior to conducting in vivo studies often relies on the use of conventional 2D cell culture, however 3D cancer constructs can provide more physiologically relevant information owing to their 3D architecture and the presence of an extracellular matrix. This study investigates the efficacy of Photochemical Internalisation mediated drug delivery in 3D constructs. In 3D cultures, both oxygen and drug delivery to the cells are limited by diffusion through the extracellular matrix unlike 2D models, and in our model we have used compressed collagen constructs where the density of collagen mimics physiological values. These 3D constructs are therefore well suited to studying drug delivery using PCI. Our study highlights the potential of these constructs for identifying differences in therapeutic response to PCI of two ovarian carcinoma lines.
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Blache U, Ehrbar M. Inspired by Nature: Hydrogels as Versatile Tools for Vascular Engineering. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:232-246. [PMID: 29984113 PMCID: PMC6032659 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Diseases related to vascular malfunction, hyper-vascularization, or lack of vascularization are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Engineered, vascularized tissues as well as angiogenic growth factor-releasing hydrogels could replace defective tissues. Further, treatments and testing of novel vascular therapeutics will benefit significantly from models that allow for the study of vascularized tissues under physiological relevant in vitro conditions. Recent Advances: Inspired by fibrin, the provisional matrix during wound healing, naturally derived and synthetic hydrogel scaffolds have been developed for vascular engineering. Today, engineers and biologists use commercially available hydrogels to pre-vascularize tissues, to control the delivery of angiogenic growth factors, and to establish vascular diseases models. Critical Issue: For clinical translation, pre-vascularized tissue constructs must be sufficiently large and stable to substitute function-relevant tissue defects and integrate with host vascular perfusion. Moreover, the continuous integration of knowhow from basic vascular biology with innovative, tailorable materials and advanced manufacturing technologies is key to achieving near-physiological tissue models and new treatments to control vascularization. Future Directions: For transplantation, engineered tissues must comprise hierarchically organized vascular trees of different caliber and function. The development of novel vascularization-promoting or -inhibiting therapeutics will benefit from physiologically relevant vessel models. In addition, tissue models representing treatment-relevant vascular tissue functions will increase the capacity to screen for therapeutic compounds and will significantly reduce the need for animals for their validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wakuda Y, Nishimoto S, Suye SI, Fujita S. Native collagen hydrogel nanofibres with anisotropic structure using core-shell electrospinning. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6248. [PMID: 29674743 PMCID: PMC5908855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen hydrogel is a popular extracellular matrix (ECM) material in regenerative medicine and has an isotropic structure. In contrast, native ECM has an anisotropic structure. Electrospinning of collagen dissolved in organic solvents is widely used for fabricating anisotropic collagen nanofibres; however, such fibres are water-soluble and require cross-linking before use as scaffolds for cell culture. Herein, electrospinning using a core-shell nozzle was employed to spin an aqueous acidic solution of collagen and encapsulate it within a shell of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Subsequently, the core collagen was gelled, and the shell PVP was washed away using a basic ethanol solution to yield anisotropic collagen hydrogel nanofibres. Immunostaining and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the obtained fibres were composed of collagen, and surface PVP was removed completely. Circular dichroism measurements confirmed that the fibres exhibited the triple helical structure characteristic of collagen. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the collagen hydrogel fibres were oriented along the fibre direction. Hence, this method is suitable for fabricating fibrous anisotropic collagen hydrogels without chemical and thermal cross-linking, and can facilitate the development of safe medical materials with anisotropy similar to that of native ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Wakuda
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimoto
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
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31
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Tsintou M, Dalamagkas K, Seifalian A. Injectable Hydrogel versus Plastically Compressed Collagen Scaffold for Central Nervous System Applications. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:3514019. [PMID: 29552037 PMCID: PMC5820565 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3514019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) repair has been a challenge, due to limited CNS tissue regenerative capacity. The emerging tools that neural engineering has to offer have opened new pathways towards the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches for CNS disorders. Collagen has been a preferable material for neural tissue engineering due to its similarity to the extracellular matrix, its biocompatibility, and antigenicity. The aim was to compare properties of a plastically compressed collagen hydrogel with the ones of a promising collagen-genipin injectable hydrogel and a collagen-only hydrogel for clinical CNS therapy applications. The focus was demonstrating the effects of genipin cross-linking versus plastic compression methodology on a collagen hydrogel and the impact of each method on clinical translatability. The results showed that injectable collagen-genipin hydrogel is better clinical translation material. Full collagen compression seemed to form extremely stiff hydrogels (up to about 2300 kPa) so, according to our findings, a compression level of up to 75% should be considered for CNS applications, being in line with CNS stiffness. Taking that into consideration, partially compressed collagen 3D hydrogel systems may be a good tunable way to mimic the natural hierarchical model of the human body, potentially facilitating neural repair application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Tsintou
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Kyriakos Dalamagkas
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre Ltd., The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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Zitnay JL, Reese SP, Tran G, Farhang N, Bowles RD, Weiss JA. Fabrication of dense anisotropic collagen scaffolds using biaxial compression. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:76-87. [PMID: 29128533 PMCID: PMC5716932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new method to manufacture dense, aligned, and porous collagen scaffolds using biaxial plastic compression of type I collagen gels. Using a novel compression apparatus that constricts like an iris diaphragm, low density collagen gels were compressed to yield a permanently densified, highly aligned collagen material. Micro-porosity scaffolds were created using hydrophilic elastomer porogens that can be selectively removed following biaxial compression, with porosity modulated by using different porogen concentrations. The resulting scaffolds exhibit collagen densities that are similar to native connective tissues (∼10% collagen by weight), pronounced collagen alignment across multiple length scales, and an interconnected network of pores, making them highly relevant for use in tissue culture, the study of physiologically relevant cell-matrix interactions, and tissue engineering applications. The scaffolds exhibited highly anisotropic material behavior, with the modulus of the scaffolds in the fiber direction over 100 times greater than the modulus in the transverse direction. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto the biaxially compressed scaffolds with minimal cell death over seven days of culture, along with cell proliferation and migration into the pore spaces. This fabrication method provides new capabilities to manufacture structurally and mechanically relevant cytocompatible scaffolds that will enable more physiologically relevant cell culture studies. Further improvement of manufacturing techniques has the potential to produce engineered scaffolds for direct replacement of dense connective tissues such as meniscus and annulus fibrosus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In vitro studies of cell-matrix interactions and the engineering of replacement materials for collagenous connective tissues require biocompatible scaffolds that replicate the high collagen density (15-25%/wt), aligned fibrillar organization, and anisotropic mechanical properties of native tissues. However, methods for creating scaffolds with these characteristics are currently lacking. We developed a new apparatus and method to create high density, aligned, and porous collagen scaffolds using a biaxial compression with porogens technique. These scaffolds have a highly directional structure and mechanical properties, with the tensile strength and modulus up to 100 times greater in the direction of alignment. We also demonstrated that the scaffolds are a suitable material for cell culture, promoting cell adhesion, viability, and an aligned cell morphology comparable to the cell morphology observed in native aligned tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Zitnay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, United States; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, United States
| | - Shawn P Reese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, United States; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, United States
| | - Garvin Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, United States
| | | | - Robert D Bowles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, United States; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, United States.
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33
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Compressed collagen constructs with optimized mechanical properties and cell interactions for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:158-166. [PMID: 29162461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we are introducing a simple, fast and reliable add-in to the technique of plastic compression to obtain collagen sheets with decreased fibrillar densities, representing improved cell-interactions and mechanical properties. Collagen hydrogels with different initial concentrations (1.64mg/mL-0.41mg/mL) were compressed around an electrospun sheet of PLGA. The scaffolds were then studied as non-seeded, or seeded with 3T3 fibroblast cells and cultured for 7days. Confocal microscopy and TEM imaging of non-seeded scaffolds showed that by decreasing the share of collagen in the hydrogel formula, collagen sheets with similar thickness but lower fibrous densities were achieved. Nanomechanical characterization of compressed collagen sheets by AFM showed that Young's modulus was inversely proportional to the final concentration of collagen. Similarly, according to SEM, MTS, and cell nuclei counting, all the scaffolds supported cell adhesion and proliferation, whilst the highest metabolic activities and proliferation were seen in the scaffolds with lowest collagen content in hydrogel formula. We conclude that by decreasing the collagen content in the formula of collagen hydrogel for plastic compression, not only a better cell environment and optimum mechanical properties are achieved, but also the application costs of this biopolymer is reduced.
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34
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Celikkin N, Rinoldi C, Costantini M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Święszkowski W. Naturally derived proteins and glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1277-1299. [PMID: 28575966 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to mimic the complex environment where organogenesis takes place using advanced materials to recapitulate the tissue niche. Cells, three-dimensional scaffolds and signaling factors are the three main and essential components of TE. Over the years, materials and processes have become more and more sophisticated, allowing researchers to precisely tailor the final chemical, mechanical, structural and biological features of the designed scaffolds. In this review, we will pose the attention on two specific classes of naturally derived polymers: fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These materials hold great promise for advances in the field of regenerative medicine as i) they generally undergo a fast remodeling in vivo favoring neovascularization and functional cells organization and ii) they elicit a negligible immune reaction preventing severe inflammatory response, both representing critical requirements for a successful integration of engineered scaffolds with the host tissue. We will discuss the recent achievements attained in the field of regenerative medicine by using proteins and GAGs, their merits and disadvantages and the ongoing challenges to move the current concepts to practical clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehar Celikkin
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Costantini
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
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35
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Rothdiener M, Hegemann M, Uynuk-Ool T, Walters B, Papugy P, Nguyen P, Claus V, Seeger T, Stoeckle U, Boehme KA, Aicher WK, Stegemann JP, Hart ML, Kurz B, Klein G, Rolauffs B. Stretching human mesenchymal stromal cells on stiffness-customized collagen type I generates a smooth muscle marker profile without growth factor addition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35840. [PMID: 27775041 PMCID: PMC5075785 DOI: 10.1038/srep35840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using matrix elasticity and cyclic stretch have been investigated for inducing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation towards the smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage but not in combination. We hypothesized that combining lineage-specific stiffness with cyclic stretch would result in a significantly increased expression of SMC markers, compared to non-stretched controls. First, we generated dense collagen type I sheets by mechanically compressing collagen hydrogels. Atomic force microscopy revealed a nanoscale stiffness range known to support myogenic differentiation. Further characterization revealed viscoelasticity and stable biomechanical properties under cyclic stretch with >99% viable adherent human MSC. MSCs on collagen sheets demonstrated a significantly increased mRNA but not protein expression of SMC markers, compared to on culture flasks. However, cyclic stretch of MSCs on collagen sheets significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin, transgelin, and calponin versus plastic and non-stretched sheets. Thus, lineage-specific stiffness and cyclic stretch can be applied together for inducing MSC differentiation towards SMCs without the addition of recombinant growth factors or other soluble factors. This represents a novel stimulation method for modulating the phenotype of MSCs towards SMCs that could easily be incorporated into currently available methodologies to obtain a more targeted control of MSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rothdiener
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Tatiana Uynuk-Ool
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Brandan Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Piruntha Papugy
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Valentin Claus
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Seeger
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Clinic II, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stoeckle
- Clinic for Trauma and Restorative Surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karen A. Boehme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Kurz
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerd Klein
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Clinic II, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Martín-Piedra MA, Alaminos M, Fernández-Valadés-Gámez R, España-López A, Liceras-Liceras E, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Martínez-Plaza A, Sánchez-Quevedo MC, Fernández-Valadés R, Garzón I. Development of a multilayered palate substitute in rabbits: a histochemical ex vivo and in vivo analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:377-388. [PMID: 27600719 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current tissue engineering technology focuses on developing simple tissues, whereas multilayered structures comprising several tissue types have rarely been described. We developed a highly biomimetic multilayered palate substitute with bone and oral mucosa tissues using rabbit cells and biomaterials subjected to nanotechnological techniques based on plastic compression. This novel palate substitute was autologously grafted in vivo, and histological and histochemical analyses were used to evaluate biointegration, cell function, and cell differentiation in the multilayered palate substitute. The three-dimensional structure of the multilayered palate substitute was histologically similar to control tissues, but the ex vivo level of cell and tissue differentiation were low as determined by the absence of epithelial differentiation although cytokeratins 4 and 13 were expressed. In vivo grafting was associated with greater cell differentiation, epithelial stratification, and maturation, but the expression of cytokeratins 4, 13, 5, and 19 at did not reach control tissue levels. Histochemical analysis of the oral mucosa stroma and bone detected weak signals for proteoglycans, elastic and collagen fibers, mineralization deposits and osteocalcin in the multilayered palate substitute cultured ex vivo. However, in vivo grafting was able to induce cell and tissue differentiation, although the expression levels of these components were always significantly lower than those found in controls, except for collagen in the bone layer. These results suggest that generation of a full-thickness multilayered palate substitute is achievable and that tissues become partially differentiated upon in vivo grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martín-Piedra
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada and research institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - M Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada and research institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Valadés-Gámez
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - A España-López
- Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - E Liceras-Liceras
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - I Sánchez-Montesinos
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Plaza
- Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - M C Sánchez-Quevedo
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada and research institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Valadés
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada and research institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - I Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada and research institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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García-Martínez L, Campos F, Godoy-Guzmán C, Del Carmen Sánchez-Quevedo M, Garzón I, Alaminos M, Campos A, Carriel V. Encapsulation of human elastic cartilage-derived chondrocytes in nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:83-95. [PMID: 27586854 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The generation of elastic cartilage substitutes for clinical use is still a challenge. In this study, we investigated the possibility of encapsulating human elastic cartilage-derived chondrocytes (HECDC) in biodegradable nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels (NFAH). Viable HECDC from passage 2 were encapsulated in NFAH and maintained in culture conditions. Constructs were harvested for histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of development ex vivo. Histological results demonstrated that it is possible to encapsulate HECDC in NFAH, and that HECDC were able to proliferate and form cells clusters expressing S-100 and vimentin. Additionally, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of the extracellular matrix (ECM) showed that HECDC synthetized different ECM molecules (type I and II collagen, elastic fibers and proteoglycans) in the NFAH ex vivo. In conclusion, this study suggests that NFAH can be used to generate biodegradable and biologically active constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications. However, further cell differentiation, biomechanical and in vivo studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Martínez
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Godoy-Guzmán
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Unit of Histology (CIBAP), School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Del Carmen Sánchez-Quevedo
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibis. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
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Wickham A, Vagin M, Khalaf H, Bertazzo S, Hodder P, Dånmark S, Bengtsson T, Altimiras J, Aili D. Electroactive biomimetic collagen-silver nanowire composite scaffolds. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14146-55. [PMID: 27385421 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive biomaterials are widely explored as bioelectrodes and as scaffolds for neural and cardiac regeneration. Most electrodes and conductive scaffolds for tissue regeneration are based on synthetic materials that have limited biocompatibility and often display large discrepancies in mechanical properties with the surrounding tissue causing problems during tissue integration and regeneration. This work shows the development of a biomimetic nanocomposite material prepared from self-assembled collagen fibrils and silver nanowires (AgNW). Despite consisting of mostly type I collagen fibrils, the homogeneously embedded AgNWs provide these materials with a charge storage capacity of about 2.3 mC cm(-2) and a charge injection capacity of 0.3 mC cm(-2), which is on par with bioelectrodes used in the clinic. The mechanical properties of the materials are similar to soft tissues with a dynamic elastic modulus within the lower kPa range. The nanocomposites also support proliferation of embryonic cardiomyocytes while inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. The developed collagen/AgNW composites thus represent a highly attractive bioelectrode and scaffold material for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeni Wickham
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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39
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Tuan-Mu HY, Lu PC, Lee PY, Lin CC, Chen CJ, Huang LLH, Lin JH, Hu JJ. Rapid Fabrication of a Cell-Seeded Collagen Gel-Based Tubular Construct that Withstands Arterial Pressure : Rapid Fabrication of a Gel-Based Media Equivalent. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3384-3397. [PMID: 27216824 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on plastically compressed cell-seeded collagen gels, we fabricated a small-diameter tubular construct that withstands arterial pressure without prolonged culture in vitro. Specifically, to mimic the microstructure of vascular media, the cell-seeded collagen gel was uniaxially stretched prior to plastic compression to align collagen fibers and hence cells in the gel. The resulting gel sheet was then wrapped around a custom-made multi-layered braided tube to form aligned tubular constructs whereas the gel sheet prepared similarly but without uniaxial stretching formed control constructs. With the braided tube, fluid in the gel construct was further removed by vacuum suction aiming to consolidate the concentric layers of the construct. The construct was finally treated with transglutaminase. Both SEM and histology confirmed the absence of gaps in the wall of the construct. Particularly, cells in the wall of the aligned tubular construct were circumferentially aligned. The enzyme-mediated crosslinking increased burst pressure of both the constructs significantly; the extent of the increase of burst pressure for the aligned tubular construct was greater than that for the control counterpart. Increasing crosslinking left the compliance of the aligned tubular construct unchanged but reduced that of the control construct. Cells remained viable in transglutaminase-treated plastically compressed gels after 6 days in culture. This study demonstrated that by combining stretch-induced fiber alignment, plastic compression, and enzyme-mediated crosslinking, a cell-seeded collagen gel-based tubular construct with potential to be used as vascular media can be made within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yi Tuan-Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, #1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Lu
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, #1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Orthopedic Department, Showchwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lin
- Scientific Research Division, Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Scientific Research Division, Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lynn L H Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, #1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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40
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Novak T, Seelbinder B, Twitchell CM, van Donkelaar CC, Voytik-Harbin SL, Neu CP. Mechanisms and Microenvironment Investigation of Cellularized High Density Gradient Collagen Matrices via Densification. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:2617-2628. [PMID: 27346992 PMCID: PMC4917229 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201503971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissues and biomaterials are often defined by unique spatial gradients in physical properties that impart specialized function over hierarchical scales. The structure and organization of these materials forms continuous transitional gradients and discrete local microenvironments between adjacent (or within) tissues, and across matrix-cell boundaries, which can be difficult to replicate with common scaffold systems. Here, we studied the matrix densification of collagen leading to gradients in density, mechanical properties, and fibril morphology. High-density regions formed via a fluid pore pressure and flow-driven mechanism, with increased relative fibril density (10×), mechanical properties (20×, to 94.40±18.74kPa), and maximum fibril thickness (1.9×, to >1μm) compared to low-density regions, while maintaining porosity and fluid/mass transport to support viability of encapsulated cells. Similar to the organization of the articular cartilage zonal structure, we found that high-density collagen regions induced cell and nuclear alignment of primary chondrocytes. Chondrocyte gene expression was maintained in collagen matrices, and no phenotypic changes were observed as a result of densification. Densification of collagen matrices provides a unique, tunable platform for the creation of gradient systems to study complex cell-matrix interactions. These methods are easily generalized to compression and boundary condition modalities useful to mimic a broad range of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin Seelbinder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Celina M Twitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Corrinus C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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41
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Liu CY, Matsusaki M, Akashi M. Three-Dimensional Tissue Models Constructed by Cells with Nanometer- or Micrometer-Sized Films on the Surfaces. CHEM REC 2016; 16:783-96. [PMID: 26924465 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Living tissues or organ modules consist of different types of highly organized cells and extracellular matrices (ECMs) in a hierarchical manner, such as the multilayered structure of blood vessels and the radial structures of hepatic lobules. Due to animal examinations being banned in the EU since 2013 and a shortage in the demand for tissue repair or organ transplantation, the creation of artificial 3D tissues possessing specific structures and functions similar to natural tissues are key challenges in tissue engineering. To date, we have developed a simple but unique bottom-up approach, a hierarchical cell manipulation technique, with a nanometer-sized ECM matrix consisting of fibronectin (FN) and gelatin (G) on cell surfaces. About 10 nm thick FN/G ECM films on cell surfaces were coated successfully by using layer-by-layer coating methodology. Various 3D constructs with higher cell density with different types of cells were successfully constructed. In addition to the construction of tissues with higher cell densities, other tissues, such as cartilage or skin tissues, with different cell densities are also important tissue models for tissue engineering and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, we recently developed other methodologies, the collagen coating method and multiple coating method, to fabricate micrometer-sized level ECM layers on cell surfaces. Various micro- or millimeter-sized 3D constructs with lower cell densities were constructed successfully. By using these two methods, cell distances in 2D or 3D views can be controlled by different thicknesses of ECM layers on cell surfaces at the single-cell level. Both FN/G and the collagen coating method resulted in homogenous 3D tissues with a controlled layer numbers, cell type, cell location, and properties; these will be promising to achieve different goals in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Blum KM, Novak T, Watkins L, Neu CP, Wallace JM, Bart ZR, Voytik-Harbin SL. Acellular and cellular high-density, collagen-fibril constructs with suprafibrillar organization. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:711-23. [PMID: 26902645 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is used extensively for tissue engineering due to its prevalence in connective tissues and its role in defining tissue biophysical and biological signalling properties. However, traditional collagen-based materials fashioned from atelocollagen and telocollagen have lacked collagen densities, multi-scale organization, mechanical integrity, and proteolytic resistance found within tissues in vivo. Here, highly interconnected low-density matrices of D-banded fibrils were created from collagen oligomers, which exhibit fibrillar as well as suprafibrillar assembly. Confined compression then was applied to controllably reduce the interstitial fluid while maintaining fibril integrity. More specifically, low-density (3.5 mg mL(-1)) oligomer matrices were densified to create collagen-fibril constructs with average concentrations of 12.25 mg mL(-1) and 24.5 mg mL(-1). Control and densified constructs exhibited nearly linear increases in ultimate stress, Young's modulus, and compressive modulus over the ranges of 65 to 213 kPa, 400 to 1.26 MPa, and 20 to 150 kPa, respectively. Densification also increased construct resistance to collagenase degradability. Finally, this process was amenable to creating high-density cellularized tissues; all constructs maintained high cell viability (at least 97%) immediately following compression as well as after 1 day and 7 days of culture. This method, which integrates the suprafibrillar assembly capacity of oligomers and controlled fluid reduction by confined compression, supports the rational and scalable design of a broad range of collagen-fibril materials and cell-encapsulated tissue constructs for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Blum
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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43
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Liu CY, Matsusaki M, Akashi M. Control of Cell–Cell Distance and Cell Densities in Millimeter-Sized 3D Tissues Constructed by Collagen Nanofiber Coating Techniques. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:639-645. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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44
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Carriel V, Scionti G, Campos F, Roda O, Castro B, Cornelissen M, Garzón I, Alaminos M. In vitro characterization of a nanostructured fibrin agarose bio-artificial nerve substitute. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1412-1426. [PMID: 26177604 DOI: 10.1002/term.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is focused on the design of novel biocompatible substitutes to repair peripheral nerve injuries. In this paper we describe a nanostructured fibrin-agarose bioartificial nerve substitute (NFABNS), based on nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels (FAHs) with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSCs). These NFABNSs were mechanically characterized and HADMSCs behaviour was evaluated using histological and ultrastructural techniques. Mechanical characterization showed that the NFABNSs were resistant, flexible and elastic, with a high deformation capability. Histological analyses carried out in vitro during 16 days revealed that the number of HADMSCs decreased over time, with a significant increase after 16 days. HADMSCs formed cell clusters and degraded the surrounding scaffold during this time; additionally, HADMSCs showed active cell proliferation and cytoskeletal remodelling, with a progressive synthesis of extracellular matrix molecules. Finally, this study demonstrated that it is possible to generate biologically active and mechanically stable tissue-like substitutes with specific dimensions, based on the use of HADMSCs, FAHs and a nanostructure technique. However, in vivo analyses are needed to demonstrate their potential usefulness in peripheral nerve repair. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs. GRANADA, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.,Doctorate Programmes in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada Spain, Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Scionti
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs. GRANADA, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs. GRANADA, Spain
| | - Olga Roda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Begoña Castro
- Histocell, S.L., Science and Technology, Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs. GRANADA, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs. GRANADA, Spain
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45
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Lee JH, El-Fiqi A, Han CM, Kim HW. Physically-strengthened collagen bioactive nanocomposite gels for bone: A feasibility study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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