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Ribeiro TP, Martins-de-Sa D, Macedo LLP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Ruffo GC, Sousa JPA, Rósario Santana JMD, Oliveira-Neto OB, Moura SM, Silva MCM, Morgante CV, Oliveira NG, Basso MF, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Cotton plants overexpressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry23Aa and Cry37Aa binary-like toxins exhibit high resistance to the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112079. [PMID: 38588981 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The cotton boll weevil (CBW, Anthonomus grandis) stands as one of the most significant threats to cotton crops (Gossypium hirsutum). Despite substantial efforts, the development of a commercially viable transgenic cotton event for effective open-field control of CBW has remained elusive. This study describes a detailed characterization of the insecticidal toxins Cry23Aa and Cry37Aa against CBW. Our findings reveal that CBW larvae fed on artificial diets supplemented exclusively with Cry23Aa decreased larval survival by roughly by 69%, while supplementation with Cry37Aa alone displayed no statistical difference compared to the control. However, the combined provision of both toxins in the artificial diet led to mortality rates approaching 100% among CBW larvae (LC50 equal to 0.26 PPM). Additionally, we engineered transgenic cotton plants by introducing cry23Aa and cry37Aa genes under control of the flower bud-specific pGhFS4 and pGhFS1 promoters, respectively. Seven transgenic cotton events expressing high levels of Cry23Aa and Cry37Aa toxins in flower buds were selected for greenhouse bioassays, and the mortality rate of CBW larvae feeding on their T0 and T1 generations ranged from 75% to 100%. Our in silico analyses unveiled that Cry23Aa displays all the hallmark characteristics of β-pore-forming toxins (β-PFTs) that bind to sugar moieties in glycoproteins. Intriguingly, we also discovered a distinctive zinc-binding site within Cry23Aa, which appears to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Finally, we discuss the major structural features of Cry23Aa that likely play a role in the toxin's mechanism of action. In view of the low LC50 for CBW larvae and the significant accumulation of these toxins in the flower buds of both T0 and T1 plants, we anticipate that through successive generations of these transgenic lines, cotton plants engineered to overexpress cry23Aa and cry37Aa hold promise for effectively managing CBW infestations in cotton crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Pires Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Diogo Martins-de-Sa
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Genesilico Biotech, Brasília, DF 71503-508, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima Pepino Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Caseca Ruffo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966-700, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Abreu Sousa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Julia Moura do Rósario Santana
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Osmundo Brilhante Oliveira-Neto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Euroamerican University Center, Unieuro, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Menezes Moura
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Embrapa Semi-Arid, Pretrolina, PE 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson Geraldo Oliveira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernando Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966-700, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil.
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2
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Li M, Du Y, Zhang X, Zhou W. Research advances of MAL family members in tumorigenesis and tumor progression (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:57. [PMID: 38362940 PMCID: PMC10884788 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) family is a novel gene family first identified and characterized in 2002. This family is comprised of seven members, including MAL, MAL2, plasmolipin, MALL, myeloid differentiation‑associated marker (MYADM), MYADML2 and CMTM8, which are located on different chromosomes. In addition to exhibiting extensive activity during transcytosis, the MAL family plays a vital role in the neurological, digestive, respiratory, genitourinary and other physiological systems. Furthermore, the intimate association between MAL and the pathogenesis, progression and metastasis of malignancies, attributable to several mechanisms such as DNA methylation has also been elucidated. In the present review, an overview of the structural and functional properties of the MAL family and the latest research findings regarding the relationship between several MAL members and various cancers is provided. Furthermore, the potential clinical and scientific significance of MAL is discussed and directions for future research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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3
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Peng YJ, Zhang H, Wang G, Feng MG, Ying SH. MARVEL family proteins contribute to vegetative growth, development, and virulence of the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108076. [PMID: 38382734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is one of the most extensively studied entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and is widely used as a biocontrol agent against various insect pests. Proteins containing the MARVEL domain are conserved in eukaryotes, typically with four transmembrane structures. In this study, we identified the five MARVEL domain proteins in B. bassiana. Five MARVEL domain proteins were localized to cytomembrane and vacuoles in B. bassiana, but had different roles in maintaining the lipid-droplet homeostasis. These proteins were required for fungal virulence, but differentially contributed to fungal utilization of nutrients, stress tolerance, and development under aerial and submerged conditions. Notably, BbMARVEL2 was essential for conidial surface morphology. Additionally, these five MARVEL domain proteins contributed to fungal interaction with the host immune defense. This study provides new mechanistic insights into the life cycle of B. bassiana as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jin Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Markitantova Y, Fokin A, Boguslavsky D, Simirskii V, Kulikov A. Molecular Signatures Integral to Natural Reprogramming in the Pigment Epithelium Cells after Retinal Detachment in Pleurodeles waltl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16940. [PMID: 38069262 PMCID: PMC10707686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into retinal cells (transdifferentiation) lies in the bases of retinal regeneration in several Urodela. The identification of the key genes involved in this process helps with looking for approaches to the prevention and treatment of RPE-related degenerative diseases of the human retina. The purpose of our study was to examine the transcriptome changes at initial stages of RPE cell reprogramming in adult newt Pleurodeles waltl. RPE was isolated from the eye samples of day 0, 4, and 7 after experimental surgical detachment of the neural retina and was used for a de novo transcriptome assembly through the RNA-Seq method. A total of 1019 transcripts corresponding to the differently expressed genes have been revealed in silico: the 83 increased the expression at an early stage, and 168 increased the expression at a late stage of RPE reprogramming. We have identified up-regulation of classical early response genes, chaperones and co-chaperones, genes involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis, suppressors of oncogenes, and EMT-related genes. We revealed the growth in the proportion of down-regulated ribosomal and translation-associated genes. Our findings contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism of RPE reprogramming in Urodela.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir Simirskii
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.); (A.K.)
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Shetty SV, Mazzucco MR, Winokur P, Haigh SV, Rumah KR, Fischetti VA, Vartanian T, Linden JR. Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Binds to and Kills Primary Human Lymphocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:423. [PMID: 37505692 PMCID: PMC10467094 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is the third most lethal bacterial toxin and has been suggested to be an environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis, an immune-mediated disease of the human central nervous system. However, ETX cytotoxicity on primary human cells has not been investigated. In this article, we demonstrate that ETX preferentially binds to and kills human lymphocytes expressing increased levels of the myelin and lymphocyte protein MAL. Using flow cytometry, ETX binding was determined to be time and dose dependent and was highest for CD4+ cells, followed by CD8+ and then CD19+ cells. Similar results were seen with ETX-induced cytotoxicity. To determine if ETX preference for CD4+ cells was related to MAL expression, MAL gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. CD4+ cells had the highest amount of Mal gene expression followed by CD8+ and CD19+ cells. These data indicate that primary human cells are susceptible to ETX and support the hypothesis that MAL is a main receptor for ETX. Interestingly, ETX bindings to human lymphocytes suggest that ETX may influence immune response in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V. Shetty
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Michael R. Mazzucco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Paige Winokur
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuro-Endocrinology Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sylvia V. Haigh
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Kareem Rashid Rumah
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Jennifer R. Linden
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
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6
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Shi L, Li H, Huang X, Shu Z, Li J, Wang L, Yan H, Wang L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed biological basis of sows from estrus to lactation. iScience 2022; 26:105825. [PMID: 36636351 PMCID: PMC9830223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy development of sows is important for the genetic improvement of pig breeding traits, and also provides resources for biomedical research on human pregnancy diseases. However, the transcriptome and metabolome across multiple developmental stages of sow pregnancy were still lacking. In this study, we obtained 84 distinct RNA sequencing and 42 metabolome datasets of pig blood across six development stages from estrus to lactation. We confirmed the initial sequence and exonic structural features, stage-specific molecules, expression or accumulation pattern of molecules, the regulatory mechanism of transcriptome and metabolome, and important pregnancy-related metabolites both in pigs and humans. In conclusion, we proposed the key differences among the stages of sows from estrus to lactation in RNAs and metabolites and put forward key markers. These data results were expected to provide essential resources for pig breeding and biomedical research on human pregnancy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ze Shu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author
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Missense mutation of MAL causes a rare leukodystrophy similar to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:860-864. [PMID: 35217805 PMCID: PMC9259702 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a heterogenous group of genetic disorders, characterised by abnormal development of cerebral white matter. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is caused by mutations in PLP1, encoding major myelin-resident protein required for myelin sheath assembly. We report a missense variant p.(Ala109Asp) in MAL as causative for a rare, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy similar to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. MAL encodes a membrane proteolipid that directly interacts with PLP1, ensuring correct distribution during myelin assembly. In contrast to wild-type MAL, mutant MAL was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum but was released following treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate. Proximity-dependent identification of wild-type MAL interactants implicated post-Golgi vesicle-mediated protein transport and protein localisation to membranes, whereas mutant MAL interactants suggested unfolded protein responses. Our results suggest that mislocalisation of MAL affects PLP1 distribution, consistent with known pathomechanisms for hypomyelinating leukodystrophies.
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8
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Geng Z, Li J, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Hu Q, Wang X, Zuo L, Song X, Zhang X, Ge S, Hu J. MAL protein suppresses the metastasis and invasion of GC cells by interfering with the phosphorylation of STAT3. J Transl Med 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35093120 PMCID: PMC8800308 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is accompanied by low diagnosis and survival rates. The molecular mechanism of GC must be elucidated to improve treatment strategies. Recent research has shown that the expression of myelin and lymphocyte (MAL) protein is reduced in a variety of adenocarcinomas and has the function of suppressing tumor growth. However, the mechanism by which MAL regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC remains unclear. Here, we showed that MAL expression was downregulated in specimens from patients with GC and was negatively correlated with the clinical stage. Gain- and loss-of function assays showed that interference with MAL significantly increased tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion and the EMT. Overexpression of MAL significantly inhibited the malignant behavior of GC cells. Moreover, MAL suppressed the malignant behavior of GC cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that MAL suppresses the malignant behavior of GC cells via the STAT3/EMT axis. This study also provides insights into the pathophysiological process of GC and a reference for diagnosis and treatment.
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Li D, Zhang J, Wu L, Yang X, Chen Z, Yuan J. Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein (MAL): A Novel Biomarker for Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7311-7323. [PMID: 34584457 PMCID: PMC8464314 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s317319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) plays an essential role in esophageal cancer, classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer. However, its role in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) has not been explored. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the role of MAL in UCEC. Patients and Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using Limma package in R based on TCGA-UCEC data. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis was performed to explore the prognostic value of MAL. Function enrichment analyses were performed using GSVA. Further, roles of MAL in UCEC were validated using clinical cohort, which included 120 tumor and adjacent tissues. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyze the samples. Chi-square tests were performed to explore the associations between MAL expressions and clinicopathological features. Results The findings showed that overexpression level of MAL in tumor was correlated with worse survival (p = 0.000424). MAL exhibited predictive power for survival time of UCEC patients (3 years: AUC = 0.635; 5 years: AUC = 0.635). Notably, high expression level of MAL was correlated with advanced stage of UCEC. MAL overexpression was significant in UCEC with microsatellite instability (MSI). Enrichment analysis showed that MAL was enriched mainly in MYC targets, epithelial mesenchymal transition and KRAS signaling. Furthermore, MAL was associated with infiltration of immune cells in the tumor micro-environment and immune checkpoint. Analysis showed a positive association between MAL and T cell (CD4+ memory resting). Correlation analysis showed that MAL was significantly positively correlated with several immune checkpoint, including CD274 (R = 0.3389, p = 0.0081), LAG3 (R = 0.2913, p = 0.0229), PDCD1LG2 (R = 0.5345, p < 0.0001). The prognosis value of MAL was confirmed through the experiment. Conclusion The findings of the current study indicated that MAL is an effective prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for UCEC patients. These results indicated that MAL functions as a diagnosis and therapeutic marker in UCEC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangjing Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Speciality, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Rubio-Ramos A, Labat-de-Hoz L, Correas I, Alonso MA. The MAL Protein, an Integral Component of Specialized Membranes, in Normal Cells and Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1065. [PMID: 33946345 PMCID: PMC8145151 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAL gene encodes a 17-kDa protein containing four putative transmembrane segments whose expression is restricted to human T cells, polarized epithelial cells and myelin-forming cells. The MAL protein has two unusual biochemical features. First, it has lipid-like properties that qualify it as a member of the group of proteolipid proteins. Second, it partitions selectively into detergent-insoluble membranes, which are known to be enriched in condensed cell membranes, consistent with MAL being distributed in highly ordered membranes in the cell. Since its original description more than thirty years ago, a large body of evidence has accumulated supporting a role of MAL in specialized membranes in all the cell types in which it is expressed. Here, we review the structure, expression and biochemical characteristics of MAL, and discuss the association of MAL with raft membranes and the function of MAL in polarized epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and myelin-forming cells. The evidence that MAL is a putative receptor of the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens, the expression of MAL in lymphomas, the hypermethylation of the MAL gene and subsequent loss of MAL expression in carcinomas are also presented. We propose a model of MAL as the organizer of specialized condensed membranes to make them functional, discuss the role of MAL as a tumor suppressor in carcinomas, consider its potential use as a cancer biomarker, and summarize the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
| | - Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
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11
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Leitner J, Mahasongkram K, Schatzlmaier P, Pfisterer K, Leksa V, Pata S, Kasinrerk W, Stockinger H, Steinberger P. Differentiation and activation of human CD4 T cells is associated with a gradual loss of myelin and lymphocyte protein. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:848-863. [PMID: 33345332 PMCID: PMC8248321 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Upon generation of monoclonal antibodies to the T cell antigen receptor/CD3 (TCR/CD3) complex, we isolated mAb MT3, whose reactivity correlates inversely with the production of IFN‐γ by human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Using eukaryotic expression cloning, we identified the MT3 antigen as myelin‐and‐lymphocyte (MAL) protein. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrates high surface expression of MAL on all naïve CD4+ T cells whereas MAL expression is diminished on central memory‐ and almost lost on effector memory T cells. MAL– T cells proliferate strongly in response to stimulation with CD3/CD28 antibodies, corroborating that MAL+ T cells are naïve and MAL– T cells memory subtypes. Further, resting MAL– T cells harbor a larger pool of Ser59‐ and Tyr394‐ double phosphorylated lymphocyte‐specific kinase (Lck), which is rapidly increased upon in vitro restimulation. Previously, lack of MAL was reported to prevent transport of Lck, the key protein tyrosine kinase of TCR/CD3 signaling to the cell membrane, and to result in strongly impaired human T cell activation. Here, we show that knocking out MAL did not significantly affect Lck membrane localization and immune synapse recruitment, or transcriptional T cell activation. Collectively, our results indicate that loss of MAL is associated with activation‐induced differentiation of human T cells but not with impaired membrane localization of Lck or TCR signaling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Philipp Schatzlmaier
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Centre, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Centre, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Shulgin AA, Lebedev TD, Prassolov VS, Spirin PV. Plasmolipin and Its Role in Cell Processes. Mol Biol 2021; 55:773-785. [PMID: 34955555 PMCID: PMC8682038 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the origin and development of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases are an important area of modern biomedicine. A crucial task is to identify new molecular markers that are associated with rearrangements of intracellular signaling and can be used for prognosis and the development of effective treatment approaches. The proteolipid plasmolipin (PLLP) is a possible marker. PLLP is a main component of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in the development and normal function of the nervous system. PLLP is involved in intracellular transport, lipid raft formation, and Notch signaling. PLLP is presumably involved in various disorders, such as cancer, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLLP and its homologs were identified as possible virus entry receptors. The review summarizes the data on the PLLP structure, normal functions, and role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Shulgin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia ,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - T. D. Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. S. Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - P. V. Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Malik U, Zafar S, Younas N, Zerr I, Javed A. Unveiling the Physical and Functional Niches of FAM26F by Analyzing Its Subcellular Localization and Novel Interacting Partners. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22008-22020. [PMID: 32923759 PMCID: PMC7482079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of a protein's subcellular localization and interacting partners are crucial for elucidating its cellular function and associated regulatory networks. Although FAM26F (family with sequence similarity 26, member F) has been recognized as a vital player in various infections, stimulation studies, cancer, and immune pathogenesis, the precise location and function of FAM26F are not well understood. The current study is the first to focus on functional characterization of FAM26F by analyzing its subcellular localization and identifying its novel interacting partners using advanced proteome approaches. The immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy results revealed FAM26F to be largely localized within the Golgi apparatus of the cell. However, its minor presence in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pointed toward the probable retrograde transfer of FAM26F from Golgi to ER during adverse conditions. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation and MS/MS results demonstrated a total of 85 proteins, 44 of which significantly copurified with FAM26F. Interestingly, out of these 44 MS/MS identified proteins, almost 52% were involved in innate immunity, 38.6% in neutrophil degranulation, and remaining 10% were either involved in phosphorylation, degradation, or regulation of apoptosis. Further characterization through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that majority of these proteins was involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis of cell. Consequently, the validation of selected proteins uncovered the key interaction of FAM26F with Thioredoxin, which essentially paved the way for depicting its mechanism of action under stress or disease conditions. It is proposed that activation and inhibition of the cellular immune response is essentially dependent on whether FAM26F or Thioredoxin considerably interact with CD30R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Malik
- Department
of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences
(ASAB), National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department
of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department
of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, School of Mechanical &
Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National
University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12
Campus, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department
of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department
of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department
of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences
(ASAB), National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Occludin protects secretory cells from ER stress by facilitating SNARE-dependent apical protein exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4758-4769. [PMID: 32051248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909731117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are fundamental features of both epithelium and endothelium and are indispensable for vertebrate organ formation and homeostasis. However, mice lacking Occludin (Ocln) develop relatively normally to term. Here we show that Ocln is essential for mammary gland physiology, as mutant mice fail to produce milk. Surprisingly, Ocln null mammary glands showed intact TJ function and normal epithelial morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and tissue polarity, suggesting that Ocln is not required for these processes. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified milk-producing cells (MPCs) and found they were progressively more prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as protein production increased exponentially during late pregnancy and lactation. Importantly, Ocln loss in MPCs resulted in greatly heightened ER stress; this in turn led to increased apoptosis and acute shutdown of protein expression, ultimately leading to lactation failure in the mutant mice. We show that the increased ER stress was caused by a secretory failure of milk proteins in Ocln null cells. Consistent with an essential role in protein secretion, Occludin was seen to reside on secretory vesicles and to be bound to SNARE proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Ocln protects MPCs from ER stress by facilitating SNARE-dependent protein secretion and raise the possibility that other TJ components may participate in functions similar to Ocln.
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15
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Peng SY, Zou MZ, Zhang CX, Ma JB, Zeng X, Xiao W. Fabrication of rapid-biodegradable nano-vectors for endosomal-triggered drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Kleyman TR, Eaton DC. Regulating ENaC's gate. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C150-C162. [PMID: 31721612 PMCID: PMC6985836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00418.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) are members of a family of cation channels that function as sensors of the extracellular environment. ENaCs are activated by specific proteases in the biosynthetic pathway and at the cell surface and remove embedded inhibitory tracts, which allows channels to transition to higher open-probability states. Resolved structures of ENaC and an acid-sensing ion channel revealed highly organized extracellular regions. Within the periphery of ENaC subunits are unique domains formed by antiparallel β-strands containing the inhibitory tracts and protease cleavage sites. ENaCs are inhibited by Na+ binding to specific extracellular site(s), which promotes channel transition to a lower open-probability state. Specific inositol phospholipids and channel modification by Cys-palmitoylation enhance channel open probability. How these regulatory factors interact in a concerted manner to influence channel open probability is an important question that has not been resolved. These various factors are reviewed, and the impact of specific factors on human disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, and Departments of Cell Biology and of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Lara-Lemus R. On The Role of Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein (MAL) In Cancer: A Puzzle With Two Faces. J Cancer 2019; 10:2312-2318. [PMID: 31258734 PMCID: PMC6584422 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) is an integral membrane protein constituent of lipid rafts, and it is implicated in apical transport of proteins in polarized epithelial cells. However, beyond the involvement of MAL in apical sorting and as its function as a raft stabilizer, it is still not totally clear how MAL participates in cell proliferating processes. More controversial and interesting is the fact that MAL has been implicated in carcinogenesis in two opposite ways. First, this protein is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and some kinds of lymphomas where it seems to favor cancer progression. Conversely, it has been reported that downregulation of the MAL gene by promoter hypermethylation is a hallmark of several adenocarcinomas. So far, there is not enough experimental evidence to help us understand this phenomenon, and no MAL mutations or MAL isoforms have been associated with these opposite functions. This review provides an updated summary of the structure and functions of MAL, and we will discuss the possible mechanisms underlying its roles as a tumor suppressor and a tumor progression factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lara-Lemus
- Department of Research in Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”. Mexico City, 14080. Mexico
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18
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Cong Y, Ji L, Gao Y, Liu F, Cheng D, Hu Z, Qiao Z, Wang H. Microenvironment‐Induced In Situ Self‐Assembly of Polymer–Peptide Conjugates That Attack Solid Tumors Deeply. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4632-4637. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Ji
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yu‐Juan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fu‐Hua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong‐Bing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Center for Neuroscience Research School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Province China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
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19
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Cong Y, Ji L, Gao Y, Liu F, Cheng D, Hu Z, Qiao Z, Wang H. Microenvironment‐Induced In Situ Self‐Assembly of Polymer–Peptide Conjugates That Attack Solid Tumors Deeply. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Ji
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yu‐Juan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fu‐Hua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong‐Bing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Center for Neuroscience Research School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Province China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
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20
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Azuma Y, Imai H, Kawaguchi Y, Nakase I, Kimura H, Futaki S. Modular Redesign of a Cationic Lytic Peptide To Promote the Endosomal Escape of Biomacromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12771-12774. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Azuma
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Haruka Imai
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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21
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Azuma Y, Imai H, Kawaguchi Y, Nakase I, Kimura H, Futaki S. Modular Redesign of a Cationic Lytic Peptide To Promote the Endosomal Escape of Biomacromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Azuma
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Haruka Imai
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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22
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Dorca-Arévalo J, Blanch M, Pradas M, Blasi J. Epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens induces cytotoxicity in FRT thyroid epithelial cells. Anaerobe 2018; 53:43-49. [PMID: 29895394 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx) is produced by Clostridium perfringens and induces enterotoxemia in ruminants. Etx crosses the blood-brain barrier, binds to myelin structures, and kills oligodendrocytes, inducing central nervous system demyelination. In addition, Etx has a cytotoxic effect on distal and collecting kidney tubules. There are few cell lines sensitive to Etx. At present, the most sensitive in vitro model for Etx is the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, where Etx oligomerizes and forms a pore with consequent ion efflux and cell death. Although the Etx receptor has not yet been fully clarified, it is known that caveolin 1 and 2 potentiate Etx cytotoxicity and oligomerization, and more recently, the myelin and lymphocyte (MAL) protein has been implicated in Etx binding and activity. Here, we studied the effect of Etx on Fischer rat thyroid cells (FRT) and observed similar effects as those seen in MDCK cells. Etx incubated with FRT cells showed binding to the plasma membrane, and western blotting assays revealed oligomeric complex formation. Moreover, cytotoxic assays on FRT cells after Etx incubation indicated cell death at a similar level as in MDCK cells. In addition, a luminescent ATP detection assay revealed ATP depletion in FRT cells after Etx exposure. Previous studies have reported that FRT cells do not express caveolins and do not form caveolae but express MAL protein in glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Our results indicate that caveolins are not directly implicated in Etx cytotoxicity, supporting the notion that the MAL protein is involved in Etx action. In addition, a cell line of thyroid origin is described for the first time as a good model to study Etx action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dorca-Arévalo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marta Blanch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marina Pradas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Juan Blasi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
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23
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Cheng DB, Qi GB, Wang JQ, Cong Y, Liu FH, Yu H, Qiao ZY, Wang H. In Situ Monitoring Intracellular Structural Change of Nanovehicles through Photoacoustic Signals Based on Phenylboronate-Linked RGD-Dextran/Purpurin 18 Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1249-1258. [PMID: 28269979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have been studied extensively, and their structural changes in cells are important for the controlled intracellular drug release. The present work reported RGD-dextran/purpurin 18 conjugates with pH-responsive phenylboronate as spacer for monitoring the structural change of nanovehicles through ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) signal. Phenylboronic acid modified purpurin 18 (NPBA-P18) could attach onto the RGD-decorated dextran (RGD-Dex), and the resulting RGD-Dex/NPBA-P18 (RDNP) conjugates with different molar ratios of RGD-Dex and NPBA-P18 were prepared. When the moles of NPBA-P18 were equivalent to more than triple of RGD-Dex, the single-stranded RDNP conjugates could self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution due to the fairly strong hydrophobicity of NPBA-P18. The pH-responsive aggregations of NPBA-P18 were investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra, as well as transmission electron microscope. Based on distinct PA signals between monomeric and aggregated state, ratiometric PA signal of I750/I710 could be presented to trace the structural change progress. Compared with RDNP single chains, the nanoparticles exhibited effective cellular internalization through endocytosis pathway. Furthermore, the nanoparticles could form well-ordered aggregates responding to intracellular acidic environment, and the resulting structural change was also monitored by ratiometric PA signal. Therefore, the noninvasive PA approach could provide a deep insight into monitoring the intracellular structural change process of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jing-Qi Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fu-Hua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing, 100190, China
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Bijlard M, de Jonge JC, Klunder B, Nomden A, Hoekstra D, Baron W. MAL Is a Regulator of the Recruitment of Myelin Protein PLP to Membrane Microdomains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155317. [PMID: 27171274 PMCID: PMC4865042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In oligodendrocytes (OLGs), an indirect, transcytotic pathway is mediating transport of de novo synthesized PLP, a major myelin specific protein, from the apical-like plasma membrane to the specialized basolateral-like myelin membrane to prevent its premature compaction. MAL is a well-known regulator of polarized trafficking in epithelial cells, and given its presence in OLGs it was therefore of interest to investigate whether MAL played a similar role in PLP transport in OLGs, taking into account its timely expression in these cells. Our data revealed that premature expression of mCherry-MAL in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells interfered with terminal OLG differentiation, although myelin membrane formation per se was not impaired. In fact, also PLP transport to myelin membranes via the cell body plasma membrane was unaffected. However, the typical shift of PLP from TX-100-insoluble membrane domains to CHAPS-resistant, but TX-100-soluble membrane domains, seen in the absence of MAL expression, is substantially reduced upon expression of the MAL protein. Interestingly, not only in vitro, but also in developing brain a strongly diminished shift from TX-100 resistant to TX-100 soluble domains was observed. Consistently, the MAL-expression mediated annihilation of the typical membrane microdomain shift of PLP is also reflected by a loss of the characteristic surface expression profile of conformation-sensitive anti-PLP antibodies. Hence, these findings suggest that MAL is not involved in vesicular PLP trafficking to either the plasma membrane and/or the myelin membrane as such. Rather, we propose that MAL may regulate PLP’s distribution into distinct membrane microdomains that allow for lateral diffusion of PLP, directly from the plasma membrane to the myelin membrane once the myelin sheath has been assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Bijlard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny C. de Jonge
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Klunder
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Nomden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Wankel B, Ouyang J, Guo X, Hadjiolova K, Miller J, Liao Y, Tham DKL, Romih R, Andrade LR, Gumper I, Simon JP, Sachdeva R, Tolmachova T, Seabra MC, Fukuda M, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Hong WJ, Sabatini DD, Wu XR, Kong X, Kreibich G, Rindler MJ, Sun TT. Sequential and compartmentalized action of Rabs, SNAREs, and MAL in the apical delivery of fusiform vesicles in urothelial umbrella cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1621-34. [PMID: 27009205 PMCID: PMC4865319 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As major urothelial differentiation products, uroplakins are targeted to the apical surface of umbrella cells. Via the sequential actions of Rabs 11, 8, and 27b and their effectors, uroplakin vesicles are transported to a subapical zone above a K20 network and fuse, via a SNARE-mediated and MAL-facilitated step, with the urothelial apical membrane. Uroplakins (UPs) are major differentiation products of urothelial umbrella cells and play important roles in forming the permeability barrier and in the expansion/stabilization of the apical membrane. Further, UPIa serves as a uropathogenic Escherichia coli receptor. Although it is understood that UPs are delivered to the apical membrane via fusiform vesicles (FVs), the mechanisms that regulate this exocytic pathway remain poorly understood. Immunomicroscopy of normal and mutant mouse urothelia show that the UP-delivering FVs contained Rab8/11 and Rab27b/Slac2-a, which mediate apical transport along actin filaments. Subsequently a Rab27b/Slp2-a complex mediated FV–membrane anchorage before SNARE-mediated and MAL-facilitated apical fusion. We also show that keratin 20 (K20), which forms a chicken-wire network ∼200 nm below the apical membrane and has hole sizes allowing FV passage, defines a subapical compartment containing FVs primed and strategically located for fusion. Finally, we show that Rab8/11 and Rab27b function in the same pathway, Rab27b knockout leads to uroplakin and Slp2-a destabilization, and Rab27b works upstream from MAL. These data support a unifying model in which UP cargoes are targeted for apical insertion via sequential interactions with Rabs and their effectors, SNAREs and MAL, and in which K20 plays a key role in regulating vesicular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret Wankel
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Jiangyong Ouyang
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Xuemei Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Krassimira Hadjiolova
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Daniel Kai Long Tham
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iwona Gumper
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Jean-Pierre Simon
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Rakhee Sachdeva
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Tanya Tolmachova
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wan Jin Hong
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138673
| | - David D Sabatini
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Xiangpeng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Gert Kreibich
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Michael J Rindler
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Tung-Tien Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016 Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016 Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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Zhu JY, Zeng X, Qin SY, Wan SS, Jia HZ, Zhuo RX, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Acidity-responsive gene delivery for “superfast” nuclear translocation and transfection with high efficiency. Biomaterials 2016; 83:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tewari R, Bachert C, Linstedt AD. Induced oligomerization targets Golgi proteins for degradation in lysosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4427-37. [PMID: 26446839 PMCID: PMC4666137 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization or homotypic clustering diverts Golgi membrane proteins into the canonical GGA1/clathrin-dependent Golgi-to-lysosome pathway revealing the presence of cellular quality control that could be useful for therapies designed to down-regulate specific proteins in the secretory pathway. Manganese protects cells against forms of Shiga toxin by down-regulating the cycling Golgi protein GPP130. Down-regulation occurs when Mn binding causes GPP130 to oligomerize and traffic to lysosomes. To determine how GPP130 is redirected to lysosomes, we tested the role of GGA1 and clathrin, which mediate sorting in the canonical Golgi-to-lysosome pathway. GPP130 oligomerization was induced using either Mn or a self-interacting version of the FKBP domain. Inhibition of GGA1 or clathrin specifically blocked GPP130 redistribution, suggesting recognition of the aggregated GPP130 by the GGA1/clathrin-sorting complex. Unexpectedly, however, GPP130’s cytoplasmic domain was not required, and redistribution also occurred after removal of GPP130 sequences needed for its normal cycling. Therefore, to test whether aggregate recognition might be a general phenomenon rather than one involving a specific GPP130 determinant, we induced homo-oligomerization of two unrelated Golgi-targeted constructs using the FKBP strategy. These were targeted to the cis- and trans-Golgi, respectively, using domains from mannosidase-1 and galactosyltransferase. Significantly, upon oligomerization, each redistributed to peripheral punctae and was degraded. This occurred in the absence of detectable UPR activation. These findings suggest the unexpected presence of quality control in the Golgi that recognizes aggregated Golgi proteins and targets them for degradation in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Tewari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Collin Bachert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Adam D Linstedt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Chen WH, Lei Q, Luo GF, Jia HZ, Hong S, Liu YX, Cheng YJ, Zhang XZ. Rational Design of Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles via Host-Guest Interaction for Cancer-Targeted Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17171-17180. [PMID: 26192215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A versatile gold nanoparticle-based multifunctional nanocomposite AuNP@CD-AD-DOX/RGD was constructed flexibly via host-guest interaction for targeted cancer chemotherapy. The pH-sensitive anticancer prodrug AD-Hyd-DOX and the cancer-targeted peptide AD-PEG8-GRGDS were modified on the surface of AuNP@CD simultaneously, which endowed the resultant nanocomposite with the capability to selectively eliminate cancer cells. In vitro studies indicated that the AuNP@CD-AD-DOX/RGD nanocomposite was preferentially uptaken by cancer cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, anticancer drug DOX was released rapidly upon the intracellular trigger of the acid microenvirenment of endo/lysosomes, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. As the ideal drug nanocarrier, the multifunctional gold nanoparticles with the active targeting and controllable intracellular release ability hold the great potential in cancer therapy.
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29
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Rumah KR, Ma Y, Linden JR, Oo ML, Anrather J, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Alonso MA, Fischetti VA, McClain MS, Vartanian T. The Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein MAL Is Required for Binding and Activity of Clostridium perfringens ε-Toxin. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004896. [PMID: 25993478 PMCID: PMC4439126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin (ETX) is a potent pore-forming toxin responsible for a central nervous system (CNS) disease in ruminant animals with characteristics of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and white matter injury. ETX has been proposed as a potential causative agent for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a human disease that begins with BBB breakdown and injury to myelin forming cells of the CNS. The receptor for ETX is unknown. Here we show that both binding of ETX to mammalian cells and cytotoxicity requires the tetraspan proteolipid Myelin and Lymphocyte protein (MAL). While native Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are resistant to ETX, exogenous expression of MAL in CHO cells confers both ETX binding and susceptibility to ETX-mediated cell death. Cells expressing rat MAL are ~100 times more sensitive to ETX than cells expressing similar levels of human MAL. Insertion of the FLAG sequence into the second extracellular loop of MAL abolishes ETX binding and cytotoxicity. ETX is known to bind specifically and with high affinity to intestinal epithelium, renal tubules, brain endothelial cells and myelin. We identify specific binding of ETX to these structures and additionally show binding to retinal microvasculature and the squamous epithelial cells of the sclera in wild-type mice. In contrast, there is a complete absence of ETX binding to tissues from MAL knockout (MAL-/-) mice. Furthermore, MAL-/- mice exhibit complete resistance to ETX at doses in excess of 1000 times the symptomatic dose for wild-type mice. We conclude that MAL is required for both ETX binding and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Rashid Rumah
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Linden
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Myat Lin Oo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Josef Anrather
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark S. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Zhu JY, Lei Q, Yang B, Jia HZ, Qiu WX, Wang X, Zeng X, Zhuo RX, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Efficient nuclear drug translocation and improved drug efficacy mediated by acidity-responsive boronate-linked dextran/cholesterol nanoassembly. Biomaterials 2015; 52:281-90. [PMID: 25818434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study reported a lysosome-acidity-targeting bio-responsive nanovehicle self-assembled from dextran (Dex) and phenylboronic acid modified cholesterol (Chol-PBA), aiming at the nucleus-tropic drug delivery. The prominent advantage of this assembled nanoconstruction arose from its susceptibility to acidity-labile dissociation concurrently accompanied with the fast liberation of encapsulated drugs, leading to efficient nuclear drug translocation and consequently favorable drug efficacy. By elaborately exploiting NH4Cl pretreatment to interfere with the cellular endosomal acidification progression, this study clearly evidenced at a cellular level the strong lysosomal-acidity dependency of nuclear drug uptake efficiency, which was shown to be the main factor influencing the drug efficacy. The boronate-linked nanoassembly displayed nearly no cytotoxicity and can remain structural stability under the simulated physiological conditions including 10% serum and the normal blood sugar concentration. The cellular exposure to cholesterol was found to bate the cellular uptake of nanoassembly in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a cholesterol-associated mechanism of the intracellular internalization. The in vivo antitumor assessment in xenograft mouse models revealed the significant superiority of DOX-loaded Dex/Chol-PBA nanoassembly over the controls including free DOX and the DOX-loaded non-sensitive Dex-Chol, as reflected by the more effective tumor-growth inhibition and the better systematic safety. In terms of the convenient preparation, sensitive response to lysosomal acidity and efficient nuclear drug translocation, Dex/Chol-PBA nanoassembly derived from natural materials shows promising potentials as the nanovehicle for nucleus-tropic drug delivery especially for antitumor agents. More attractively, this study offers a deeper insight into the mechanism concerning the contribution of acidity-responsive delivery to the enhanced chemotherapy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Pfisterer K, Forster F, Paster W, Supper V, Ohradanova-Repic A, Eckerstorfer P, Zwirzitz A, Donner C, Boulegue C, Schiller HB, Ondrovičová G, Acuto O, Stockinger H, Leksa V. The late endosomal transporter CD222 directs the spatial distribution and activity of Lck. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2718-32. [PMID: 25127865 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal organization of T cell signaling molecules is increasingly accepted as a crucial step in controlling T cell activation. CD222, also known as the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor, is the central component of endosomal transport pathways. In this study, we show that CD222 is a key regulator of the early T cell signaling cascade. Knockdown of CD222 hampers the effective progression of TCR-induced signaling and subsequent effector functions, which can be rescued via reconstitution of CD222 expression. We decipher that Lck is retained in the cytosol of CD222-deficient cells, which obstructs the recruitment of Lck to CD45 at the cell surface, resulting in an abundant inhibitory phosphorylation signature on Lck at the steady state. Hence, CD222 specifically controls the balance between active and inactive Lck in resting T cells, which guarantees operative T cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pfisterer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Florian Forster
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Supper
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Paul Eckerstorfer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Alexander Zwirzitz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Clemens Donner
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Cyril Boulegue
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; and
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Department of Molecular Medicine, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; and
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84551 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria;
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84551 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Zhou G, Liang FX, Romih R, Wang Z, Liao Y, Ghiso J, Luque-Garcia JL, Neubert TA, Kreibich G, Alonso MA, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Sun TT. MAL facilitates the incorporation of exocytic uroplakin-delivering vesicles into the apical membrane of urothelial umbrella cells. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1354-66. [PMID: 22323295 PMCID: PMC3315800 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MAL, suggested to play a key role in the apical sorting of membrane proteins, is not involved in the apical sorting of uroplakins. Instead, it plays an important role in facilitating the incorporation of the uroplakin-delivering exocytic vesicles into the apical surface of terminally differentiated urothelial umbrella cells. The apical surface of mammalian bladder urothelium is covered by large (500–1000 nm) two-dimensional (2D) crystals of hexagonally packed 16-nm uroplakin particles (urothelial plaques), which play a role in permeability barrier function and uropathogenic bacterial binding. How the uroplakin proteins are delivered to the luminal surface is unknown. We show here that myelin-and-lymphocyte protein (MAL), a 17-kDa tetraspan protein suggested to be important for the apical sorting of membrane proteins, is coexpressed with uroplakins in differentiated urothelial cell layers. MAL depletion in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells did not affect, however, the apical sorting of uroplakins, but it decreased the rate by which uroplakins were inserted into the apical surface. Moreover, MAL knockout in vivo led to the accumulation of fusiform vesicles in mouse urothelial superficial umbrella cells, whereas MAL transgenic overexpression in vivo led to enhanced exocytosis and compensatory endocytosis, resulting in the accumulation of the uroplakin-degrading multivesicular bodies. Finally, although MAL and uroplakins cofloat in detergent-resistant raft fractions, they are associated with distinct plaque and hinge membrane subdomains, respectively. These data suggest a model in which 1) MAL does not play a role in the apical sorting of uroplakins; 2) the propensity of uroplakins to polymerize forming 16-nm particles and later large 2D crystals that behave as detergent-resistant (giant) rafts may drive their apical targeting; 3) the exclusion of MAL from the expanding 2D crystals of uroplakins explains the selective association of MAL with the hinge areas in the uroplakin-delivering fusiform vesicles, as well as at the apical surface; and 4) the hinge-associated MAL may play a role in facilitating the incorporation of the exocytic uroplakin vesicles into the corresponding hinge areas of the urothelial apical surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Surma MA, Klose C, Simons K. Lipid-dependent protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:1059-67. [PMID: 22230596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the trans-Golgi network serves as a sorting station for post-Golgi traffic. In addition to coat- and adaptor-mediated mechanisms, studies in mammalian epithelial cells and yeast have provided evidence for lipid-dependent protein sorting as a major delivery mechanism for cargo sorting to the cell surface. The mechanism for lipid-mediated sorting is the generation of raft platforms of sphingolipids, sterols and specific sets of cargo proteins by phase segregation in the TGN. Here, we review the evidence for such lipid-raft-based sorting at the TGN, as well as their involvement in the formation of TGN-to-PM transport carriers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Surma
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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34
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MAL, but not MAL2, expression promotes the formation of cholesterol-dependent membrane domains that recruit apical proteins. Biochem J 2011; 439:497-504. [PMID: 21732912 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have been aimed at understanding the mechanisms regulating apical protein sorting in polarized epithelial cells. In particular, we have been investigating how lipid rafts serve to sort apical proteins in the biosynthetic pathway. The recent findings that lipid domains are too small or transient to host apically destined cargo have led to newer versions of the hypothesis that invoke proteins required for lipid domain coalescence and stabilization. MAL (myelin and lymphocyte protein) and its highly conserved family member, MAL2, have emerged as possible regulators of this process in the direct and indirect apical trafficking pathways respectively. To test this possibility, we took a biochemical approach. We determined that MAL, but not MAL2, self-associates, forms higher-order cholesterol-dependent complexes with apical proteins and promotes the formation of detergent-resistant membranes that recruit apical proteins. Such biochemical properties are consistent with a role for MAL in raft coalescence and stabilization. These findings also support a model whereby hydrophobic mismatch between the long membrane-spanning helices of MAL and the short-acyl-chain phospholipids in the Golgi drive formation of lipid domains rich in raft components that are characterized by a thicker hydrophobic core to alleviate mismatch.
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Ramabhadran V, Korobova F, Rahme GJ, Higgs HN. Splice variant-specific cellular function of the formin INF2 in maintenance of Golgi architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4822-33. [PMID: 21998196 PMCID: PMC3237625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-05-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INF2 is a unique formin that can both polymerize and depolymerize actin. One INF2 splice variant localizes in an actin-dependent, web-like network in cytoplasm, whereas a second isoform is ER bound. Suppression of the first isoform causes Golgi dispersion. These findings denote isoform-specific cellular functions for INF2. INF2 is a unique formin that can both polymerize and depolymerize actin filaments. Mutations in INF2 cause the kidney disease focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. INF2 can be expressed as two C-terminal splice variants: CAAX and non-CAAX. The CAAX isoform contains a C-terminal prenyl group and is tightly bound to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The localization pattern and cellular function of the non-CAAX isoform have not been studied. Here we find that the two isoforms are expressed in a cell type–dependent manner, with CAAX predominant in 3T3 fibroblasts and non-CAAX predominant in U2OS, HeLa, and Jurkat cells. Although INF2-CAAX is ER localized in an actin-independent manner, INF2–non-CAAX localizes in an actin-dependent meshwork pattern distinct from ER. INF2–non-CAAX is loosely attached to this meshwork, being extracted by brief digitonin treatment. Suppression of INF2–non-CAAX causes fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. This effect is counteracted by treatment with the actin monomer–sequestering drug latrunculin B. We also find discrete patches of actin filaments in the peri-Golgi region, and these patches are reduced upon INF2 suppression. Our results suggest that the non-CAAX isoform of INF2 serves a distinct cellular function from that of the CAAX isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ramabhadran
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Antón OM, Andrés-Delgado L, Reglero-Real N, Batista A, Alonso MA. MAL protein controls protein sorting at the supramolecular activation cluster of human T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6345-56. [PMID: 21508261 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cell membrane receptors and signaling molecules assemble at the immunological synapse (IS) in a supramolecular activation cluster (SMAC), organized into two differentiated subdomains: the central SMAC (cSMAC), with the TCR, Lck, and linker for activation of T cells (LAT), and the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC), with adhesion molecules. The mechanism of protein sorting to the SMAC subdomains is still unknown. MAL forms part of the machinery for protein targeting to the plasma membrane by specialized mechanisms involving condensed membranes or rafts. In this article, we report our investigation of the dynamics of MAL during the formation of the IS and its role in SMAC assembly in the Jurkat T cell line and human primary T cells. We observed that under normal conditions, a pool of MAL rapidly accumulates at the cSMAC, where it colocalized with condensed membranes, as visualized with the membrane fluorescent probe Laurdan. Mislocalization of MAL to the pSMAC greatly reduced membrane condensation at the cSMAC and redistributed machinery involved in docking microtubules or transport vesicles from the cSMAC to the pSMAC. As a consequence of these alterations, the raft-associated molecules Lck and LAT, but not the TCR, were missorted to the pSMAC. MAL, therefore, regulates membrane order and the distribution of microtubule and transport vesicle docking machinery at the IS and, by doing so, ensures correct protein sorting of Lck and LAT to the cSMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Antón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Fortian A, González E, Castaño D, Falcon-Perez JM, Millet O. Intracellular rescue of the uroporphyrinogen III synthase activity in enzymes carrying the hotspot mutation C73R. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13127-33. [PMID: 21343304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.205849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A single mutation (C73R) in the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROIIIS) is responsible for more than one-third of all of the reported cases of the rare autosomal disease congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). CEP patients carrying this hotspot mutation develop a severe phenotype of the disease, including reduced life expectancy. Here, we have investigated the molecular basis for the functional deficit in the mutant enzyme both in vitro and in cellular systems. We show that a Cys in position 73 is not essential for the catalytic activity of the enzyme but its mutation to Arg speeds up the process of irreversible unfolding and aggregation. In the mammalian cell milieu, the mutant protein levels decrease to below the detection limit, whereas wild type UROIIIS can be detected easily. The disparate response is not produced by differences at the level of transcription, and the results with cultured cells and in vitro are consistent with a model where the protein becomes very unstable upon mutation and triggers a degradation mechanism via the proteasome. Mutant protein levels can be restored upon cell treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The intracellularly recovered C73R-UROIIIS protein shows enzymatic activity, paving the way for a new line of therapeutic intervention in CEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arola Fortian
- Structural Biology Unit, Centro de Investigacion Cooperativa en Biociencias, Derio, Vizcaya 48160, Spain.
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Kobayashi S, Nakase I, Kawabata N, Yu HH, Pujals S, Imanishi M, Giralt E, Futaki S. Cytosolic targeting of macromolecules using a pH-dependent fusogenic peptide in combination with cationic liposomes. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:953-9. [PMID: 19388672 DOI: 10.1021/bc800530v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
pH-Sensitive peptides and polymers have been employed as additives to enhance the cytosolic delivery of drugs and genes by facilitating their endosomal escape. However, little attention has been paid to the intracellular fate of these peptides and polymers. In this study, we explored the possibility of utilizing GALA, a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide, as a cytosol-targeting vehicle. In combination with cationic liposomes, Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000), the feasibility of this approach for the cytosolic targeting of proteins and nanoparticles was exemplified through the delivery of avidin (68 kDa) and streptavidin-coated quantum dots (15-20 nm) in serum-containing medium. The use of cationic liposomes is critical to enhance the cell-surface adhesion of the GALA conjugates and eventual endosomal uptake. Circular dichroism studies suggest that the GALA can be liberated from cationic liposomes at a reducing pH to form a helical structure and this may eventually lead to disruption of the endosomal membrane to achieve an efficient leakage of the GALA conjugates into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kobayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Weisz OA, Rodriguez-Boulan E. Apical trafficking in epithelial cells: signals, clusters and motors. J Cell Sci 2010; 122:4253-66. [PMID: 19923269 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.032615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early days of epithelial cell biology, researchers working with kidney and/or intestinal epithelial cell lines and with hepatocytes described the biosynthetic and recycling routes followed by apical and basolateral plasma membrane (PM) proteins. They identified the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosomes as the compartments that carried out apical-basolateral sorting. They described complex apical sorting signals that promoted association with lipid rafts, and simpler basolateral sorting signals resembling clathrin-coated-pit endocytic motifs. They also noticed that different epithelial cell types routed their apical PM proteins very differently, using either a vectorial (direct) route or a transcytotic (indirect) route. Although these original observations have generally held up, recent studies have revealed interesting complexities in the routes taken by apically destined proteins and have extended our understanding of the machinery required to sustain these elaborate sorting pathways. Here, we critically review the current status of apical trafficking mechanisms and discuss a model in which clustering is required to recruit apical trafficking machineries. Uncovering the mechanisms responsible for polarized trafficking and their epithelial-specific variations will help understand how epithelial functional diversity is generated and the pathogenesis of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora A Weisz
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Dukhovny A, Goldstein Magal L, Hirschberg K. The MAL proteolipid restricts detergent-mediated membrane pore expansion and percolation. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 23:245-57. [PMID: 16785208 DOI: 10.1080/09687860600601445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Differential solubilization of membrane components by cold 1% Triton X-100 extraction is common practice in cell biology and membrane research, used to define components of, or localization within membrane domains called lipid rafts. In this study, extraction of biological membranes was continuously monitored in single cells by confocal microscopy. The distributions of fluorescently-tagged proteins that label raft and non-raft membranes, cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins were continuously monitored upon addition of the detergent. Membranes containing the non-raft membrane protein VSVG-GFP were immediately extracted from the plasma membrane, whereas raft-membrane proteins were predominantly resistant to the detergent. The morphological characteristics of differential membrane solubilization consisted of the formation of pores that expand and percolate as the detergent-mediated solubilization proceeds. Pore expansion and percolation was much slower and more restricted in non-polarized MDCK cells than in COS-7 cells. Heterologous overexpression in COS-7 cells of the fluorescently-tagged human MAL, a tetra-spanning, lipid-raft-associated protein, significantly slowed and limited membrane pore expansion and percolation. Extensive percolation resulting in large holes in the membrane was observed for the raft-associated, GPI-GFP-labeled membranes in COS-7 cells. Quantitative analysis carried out using pixel intensity variance as an indicator of membrane pore expansion demonstrated that the MAL protein is capable of modifying the plasma membrane, thereby increasing its resistance to detergent-induced pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dukhovny
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Overmeer RM, Henken FE, Bierkens M, Wilting SM, Timmerman I, Meijer CJLM, Snijders PJF, Steenbergen RDM. Repression of MAL tumour suppressor activity by promoter methylation during cervical carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2009; 219:327-36. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Magal LG, Yaffe Y, Shepshelovich J, Aranda JF, de Marco MDC, Gaus K, Alonso MA, Hirschberg K. Clustering and lateral concentration of raft lipids by the MAL protein. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:3751-62. [PMID: 19553470 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MAL, a compact hydrophobic, four-transmembrane-domain apical protein that copurifies with detergent-resistant membranes is obligatory for the machinery that sorts glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and others to the apical membrane in epithelia. The mechanism of MAL function in lipid-raft-mediated apical sorting is unknown. We report that MAL clusters formed by two independent procedures-spontaneous clustering of MAL tagged with the tandem dimer DiHcRED (DiHcRED-MAL) in the plasma membrane of COS7 cells and antibody-mediated cross-linking of FLAG-tagged MAL-laterally concentrate markers of sphingolipid rafts and exclude a fluorescent analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine. Site-directed mutagenesis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis demonstrate that MAL forms oligomers via xx intramembrane protein-protein binding motifs. Furthermore, results from membrane modulation by using exogenously added cholesterol or ceramides support the hypothesis that MAL-mediated association with raft lipids is driven at least in part by positive hydrophobic mismatch between the lengths of the transmembrane helices of MAL and membrane lipids. These data place MAL as a key component in the organization of membrane domains that could potentially serve as membrane sorting platforms.
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Wang S, Li Y, Han F, Hu J, Yue L, Yu Y, Zhang Y, He J, Zheng H, Shi S, Fu X, Wu H. Identification and characterization of MARVELD1, a novel nuclear protein that is down-regulated in multiple cancers and silenced by DNA methylation. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:77-86. [PMID: 19364627 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MARVELD1 (MARVEL domain-containing 1) is a member of MARVEL domain-containing proteins and located on human chromosome 10q24.2. MARVELD1 has no significant similarity with other members of MARVEL domain family at amino acid level. Gene expression arrays demonstrated that MARVELD1 is widely expressed in normal human tissues and is down-regulated in primary multiple tumors derived from ovary, vulva, uterus, cervix, breast, testis, kidney, bladder and liver. The down-regulation of MARVELD1 was further identified by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining in primary breast cancer. In addition, we identified the reduced expression of MARVELD1 is owing to DNA methylation and could be reversed by pharmacologic demethylation. Finally, our results showed that MARVELD1 protein is located in nucleus instead of cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Abstract
T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein, MAL, has been described as a tumour-suppressor gene with diagnostic value in colorectal and oesophageal cancers, and can be inactivated by promoter hypermethylation. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of MAL promoter hypermethylation and the association with mRNA expression in gastric cancers and to correlate methylation status to clinicopathological data. Bisulphite-treated DNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of 202 gastric adenocarcinomas and 22 normal gastric mucosae was subjected to real-time methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). Two regions within the MAL promoter (M1 and M2) were analysed. In addition, 17 frozen gastric carcinomas and two gastric cancer cell lines were analysed both by Q-MSP and real-time RT–PCR. Methylation of M1 and M2 occurred in 71 and 80% of the gastric cancers, respectively, but not in normal gastric mucosa tissue. Hypermethylation of M2, but not M1, correlated with significantly better disease-free survival in a univariate (P=0.03) and multivariate analysis (P=0.03) and with downregulation of expression (P=0.01). These results indicate that MAL has a putative tumour-suppressor gene function in gastric cancer, and detection of promoter hypermethylation may be useful as a prognostic marker.
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Kashiwagi H, Yamazaki K, Takekuma Y, Ganapathy V, Sugawara M. Regulatory mechanisms of SNAT2, an amino acid transporter, in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells by insulin, osmotic shock and amino acid deprivation. Amino Acids 2008; 36:219-30. [PMID: 18330498 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the activity of system A is upregulated by insulin, osmotic shock and amino acid deprivation. However, the mechanisms are not clear. We carried out studies using L6 rat skeletal muscle cells to clarify the mechanisms of upregulation of system A activity by insulin, osmotic shock and amino acid deprivation. The upregulation was found to be due to an increase in Vmax, not Km. Chloroquine and wortmannin inhibited the upregulation induced by insulin stimulation and amino acid deprivation but not that induced by osmotic shock. On the other hand, cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited the upregulation by each stimulation. Moreover, PD98059 and SP600125 inhibited only amino acid deprivation-induced upregulation and SB202190 inhibited only insulin-induced upregulation. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms of upregulation of system A activity by insulin, osmotic shock and amino acid deprivation are different in L6 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed an increase in system A at the protein and mRNA levels with each stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ramnarayanan SP, Cheng CA, Bastaki M, Tuma PL. Exogenous MAL reroutes selected hepatic apical proteins into the direct pathway in WIF-B cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2707-15. [PMID: 17494867 PMCID: PMC1924826 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike simple epithelial cells that directly target newly synthesized glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and single transmembrane domain (TMD) proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the apical membrane, hepatocytes use an indirect pathway: proteins are delivered to the basolateral domain and then selectively internalized and transcytosed to the apical plasma membrane. Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) and MAL2 have been identified as regulators of direct and indirect apical delivery, respectively. Hepatocytes lack endogenous MAL consistent with the absence of direct apical targeting. Does MAL expression reroute hepatic apical residents into the direct pathway? We found that MAL expression in WIF-B cells induced the formation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipid-enriched Golgi domains that contained GPI-anchored and single TMD apical proteins; polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA-R), polytopic apical, and basolateral resident distributions were excluded. Basolateral delivery of newly synthesized apical residents was decreased in MAL-expressing cells concomitant with increased apical delivery; pIgA-R and basolateral resident delivery was unchanged. These data suggest that MAL rerouted selected hepatic apical proteins into the direct pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina A. Cheng
- *Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064; and
| | - Maria Bastaki
- Graduate Environmental Studies Unit, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505
| | - Pamela L. Tuma
- *Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064; and
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Hsi ED, Sup SJ, Alemany C, Tso E, Skacel M, Elson P, Alonso MA, Pohlman B. MAL Is Expressed in a Subset of Hodgkin Lymphoma and Identifies a Population of Patients With Poor Prognosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/98klhrdam5cmdhe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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de Marco MC, Puertollano R, Martínez-Menárguez JA, Alonso MA. Dynamics of MAL2 During Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Protein Transcytotic Transport to the Apical Surface of Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. Traffic 2005; 7:61-73. [PMID: 16445687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to the apical surface takes place by transcytosis in hepatocytes and also probably in epithelial Madin-Darby canine cells. The integral protein MAL2 was demonstrated to be essential for basolateral-to-apical transcytosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells. Reduction of endogenous MAL2 levels impedes cargo delivery to the apical membrane, but, paradoxically, cargo does not accumulate in the subapical compartment where MAL2 predominantly resides but in distant endosome elements. To understand how transcytosis can be apparently mediated at a distance, we have analyzed the dynamics of machinery and cargo by live-cell imaging of MAL2 and transcytosing CD59, a GPI-anchored protein, in HepG2 cells. MAL2 was revealed as being a highly dynamic protein. Soon after basolateral endocytosis of CD59, a fraction of MAL2 redistributed into peripheral vesicular clusters that concentrated CD59 and that were accessible to transferrin (Tf) receptor, a basolateral recycling protein. Following Tf receptor segregation, the clusters fused in a MAL2(+)globular structure and moved toward the apical surface for CD59 delivery. All these processes were impaired in cells with reduced MAL2 content. Other GPI-anchored proteins examined behave similarly. As MAL2 is expressed by many types of epithelia, the sorting events described herein are probably of quite general utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de Marco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Dannaeus K, Bessonova M, Jönsson JI. Characterization of the mouse myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) gene: promoter analysis and protein localization. Mol Biol Rep 2005; 32:149-57. [PMID: 16172915 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-005-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation is a complex process involving many genes inducing functional changes and characteristics of different cell lineages. To understand this process, it is important to identify genes involved in lineage commitment and maturation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Recently we isolated the novel gene MYADM which is strongly up-regulated as multipotent progenitor cells differentiate towards myeloid cells. Because it is not expressed in lymphocytes, understanding the transcriptional control of MYADM could further explain differences in gene expression between myeloid and lymphoid cells. To identify regulatory elements controlling its restricted expression, we have analyzed the 5'-flanking region of the MYADM gene. The proximal promoter was found to lack both TATA and CCAAT boxes, but contained several potential binding sites for both ubiquitous and myeloid-specific transcription factors. Maximal promoter activity was contained within 800 bp from the tentative transcription initiation site, which was reduced as portions of the 5'-end were deleted, and completely abolished when the transcription initiation site was deleted. This promoter sequence had higher activity in myeloid cells compared to B cells, and activity was enhanced during myeloid differentiation, suggesting that we have identified the MYADM core promoter. Computer predictions had suggested MYADM to encode a protein with multiple transmembrane domains. By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy we demonstrate that the protein is localized to the nuclear envelope and to intracytoplasmic membranes, indicating that MYADM constitutes an integral membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dannaeus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Lucero HA, Robbins PW. Lipid rafts-protein association and the regulation of protein activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 426:208-24. [PMID: 15158671 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains enriched in saturated phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. They have a varied but distinct protein composition and have been implicated in diverse cellular processes including polarized traffic, signal transduction, endo- and exo-cytoses, entrance of obligate intracellular pathogens, and generation of pathological forms of proteins associated with Alzheimer's and prion diseases. Raft proteins can be permanently or temporarily associated to lipid rafts. Here, we review recent advances on the biochemical and cell biological characterization of rafts, and on the emerging concept of the temporary residency of proteins in rafts as a regulatory mechanism of their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A Lucero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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