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Antunes M, Sá-Correia I. The role of ion homeostasis in adaptation and tolerance to acetic acid stress in yeasts. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foae016. [PMID: 38658183 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of asymmetric ion concentrations across cellular membranes is crucial for proper yeast cellular function. Disruptions of these ionic gradients can significantly impact membrane electrochemical potential and the balance of other ions, particularly under stressful conditions such as exposure to acetic acid. This weak acid, ubiquitous to both yeast metabolism and industrial processes, is a major inhibitor of yeast cell growth in industrial settings and a key determinant of host colonization by pathogenic yeast. Acetic acid toxicity depends on medium composition, especially on the pH (H+ concentration), but also on other ions' concentrations. Regulation of ion fluxes is essential for effective yeast response and adaptation to acetic acid stress. However, the intricate interplay among ion balancing systems and stress response mechanisms still presents significant knowledge gaps. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms governing ion homeostasis, including H+, K+, Zn2+, Fe2+/3+, and acetate, in the context of acetic acid toxicity, adaptation, and tolerance. While focus is given on Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to its extensive physiological characterization, insights are also provided for biotechnologically and clinically relevant yeast species whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Antunes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Antunes M, Kale D, Sychrová H, Sá-Correia I. The Hrk1 kinase is a determinant of acetic acid tolerance in yeast by modulating H + and K + homeostasis. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:261-276. [PMID: 38053573 PMCID: PMC10695635 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.12.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid-induced stress is a common challenge in natural environments and industrial bioprocesses, significantly affecting the growth and metabolic performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The adaptive response and tolerance to this stress involves the activation of a complex network of molecular pathways. This study aims to delve deeper into these mechanisms in S. cerevisiae, particularly focusing on the role of the Hrk1 kinase. Hrk1 is a key determinant of acetic acid tolerance, belonging to the NPR/Hal family, whose members are implicated in the modulation of the activity of plasma membrane transporters that orchestrate nutrient uptake and ion homeostasis. The influence of Hrk1 on S. cerevisiae adaptation to acetic acid-induced stress was explored by employing a physiological approach based on previous phosphoproteomics analyses. The results from this study reflect the multifunctional roles of Hrk1 in maintaining proton and potassium homeostasis during different phases of acetic acid-stressed cultivation. Hrk1 is shown to play a role in the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, maintaining pH homeostasis, and in the modulation of plasma membrane potential under acetic acid stressed cultivation. Potassium (K+) supplementation of the growth medium, particularly when provided at limiting concentrations, led to a notable improvement in acetic acid stress tolerance of the hrk1Δ strain. Moreover, abrogation of this kinase expression is shown to confer a physiological advantage to growth under K+ limitation also in the absence of acetic acid stress. The involvement of the alkali metal cation/H+ exchanger Nha1, another proposed molecular target of Hrk1, in improving yeast growth under K+ limitation or acetic acid stress, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Antunes
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deepika Kale
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Johnson DL, Kumar R, Kakhniashvili D, Pfeffer LM, Laribee RN. Ccr4-Not ubiquitin ligase signaling regulates ribosomal protein homeostasis and inhibits 40S ribosomal autophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555095. [PMID: 37693548 PMCID: PMC10491097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The Ccr4-Not complex containing the Not4 ubiquitin ligase regulates gene transcription and mRNA decay, yet it also has poorly defined roles in translation, proteostasis, and endolysosomal-dependent nutrient signaling. To define how Ccr4-Not mediated ubiquitin signaling regulates these additional processes, we performed quantitative proteomics in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the Not4 ubiquitin ligase, and also in cells overexpressing either wild-type or functionally inactive ligase. Herein, we provide evidence that both increased and decreased Ccr4-Not ubiquitin signaling disrupts ribosomal protein (RP) homeostasis independently of reduced RP mRNA changes or reductions in known Not4 ribosomal substrates. Surprisingly, we also find that both Not4-mediated ubiquitin signaling, and the Ccr4 subunit, actively inhibit 40S ribosomal autophagy. This 40S autophagy is independent of canonical Atg7-dependent macroautophagy, thus indicating microautophagy activation is responsible. Furthermore, the Not4 ligase genetically interacts with endolysosomal pathway effectors to control both RP expression and 40S autophagy efficiency. Overall, we demonstrate that balanced Ccr4-Not ligase activity maintains RP homeostasis, and that Ccr4-Not ubiquitin signaling interacts with the endolysosomal pathway to both regulate RP expression and inhibit 40S ribosomal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Core and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - David Kakhniashvili
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M. Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - R. Nicholas Laribee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
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4
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Rombolá-Caldentey B, Mendoza I, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Structure-Guided Identification of Critical Residues in the Vacuolar Cation/Proton Antiporter NHX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2778. [PMID: 37570932 PMCID: PMC10421325 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cation/Proton Antiporters (CPA) acting in all biological membranes regulate the volume and pH of cells and of intracellular organelles. A key issue with these proteins is their structure-function relationships since they present intrinsic regulatory features that rely on structural determinants, including pH sensitivity and the stoichiometry of ion exchange. Crystal structures are only available for prokaryotic CPA, whereas the eukaryotic ones have been modeled using the former as templates. Here, we present an updated and improved structural model of the tonoplast-localized K+, Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1 of Arabidopsis as a representative of the vacuolar NHX family that is essential for the accumulation of K+ into plant vacuoles. Conserved residues that were judged as functionally important were mutated, and the resulting protein variants were tested for activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicate that residue N184 in the ND-motif characteristic of CPA1 could be replaced by the DD-motif of CPA2 family members with minimal consequences for their activity. Attempts to alter the electroneutrality of AtNHX1 by different combinations of amino acid replacements at N184, R353 and R390 residues resulted in inactive or partly active proteins with a differential ability to control the vacuolar pH of the yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, cicCartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (I.M.); (F.J.Q.)
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5
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Kwok ACM, Chan WS, Wong JTY. Dinoflagellate Amphiesmal Dynamics: Cell Wall Deposition with Ecdysis and Cellular Growth. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020070. [PMID: 36827111 PMCID: PMC9959387 DOI: 10.3390/md21020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a major aquatic protist group with amphiesma, multiple cortical membranous "cell wall" layers that contain large circum-cortical alveolar sacs (AVs). AVs undergo extensive remodeling during cell- and life-cycle transitions, including ecdysal cysts (ECs) and resting cysts that are important in some harmful algal bloom initiation-termination. AVs are large cortical vesicular compartments, within which are elaborate cellulosic thecal plates (CTPs), in thecate species, and the pellicular layer (PL). AV-CTPs provide cellular mechanical protection and are targets of vesicular transport that are replaced during EC-swarmer cell transition, or with increased deposition during the cellular growth cycle. AV-PL exhibits dynamical-replacement with vesicular trafficking that are orchestrated with amphiesmal chlortetracycline-labeled Ca2+ stores signaling, integrating cellular growth with different modes of cell division cycle/progression. We reviewed the dynamics of amphiesma during different cell division cycle modes and life cycle stages, and its multifaceted regulations, focusing on the regulatory and functional readouts, including the coral-zooxanthellae interactions.
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Zhang C, Feng Y, Balutowski A, Miner GE, Rivera-Kohr DA, Hrabak MR, Sullivan KD, Guo A, Calderin JD, Fratti RA. The interdependent transport of yeast vacuole Ca 2+ and H + and the role of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102672. [PMID: 36334632 PMCID: PMC9706634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast vacuoles are acidified by the v-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that is comprised of the membrane embedded VO complex and the soluble cytoplasmic V1 complex. The assembly of the V1-VO holoenzyme on the vacuole is stabilized in part through interactions between the VO a-subunit ortholog Vph1 and the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). PI(3,5)P2 also affects vacuolar Ca2+ release through the channel Yvc1 and uptake through the Ca2+ pump Pmc1. Here, we asked if H+ and Ca2+ transport activities were connected through PI(3,5)P2. We found that overproduction of PI(3,5)P2 by the hyperactive fab1T2250A mutant augmented vacuole acidification, whereas the kinase-inactive fab1EEE mutant attenuated the formation of a H+ gradient. Separately, we tested the effects of excess Ca2+ on vacuole acidification. Adding micromolar Ca2+ blocked vacuole acidification, whereas chelating Ca2+ accelerated acidification. The effect of adding Ca2+ on acidification was eliminated when the Ca2+/H+ antiporter Vcx1 was absent, indicating that the vacuolar H+ gradient can collapse during Ca2+ stress through Vcx1 activity. This, however, was independent of PI(3,5)P2, suggesting that PI(3,5)P2 plays a role in submicromolar Ca2+ flux but not under Ca2+ shock. To see if the link between Ca2+ and H+ transport was bidirectional, we examined Ca2+ transport when vacuole acidification was inhibited. We found that Ca2+ transport was inhibited by halting V-ATPase activity with Bafilomycin or neutralizing vacuolar pH with chloroquine. Together, these data show that Ca2+ transport and V-ATPase efficacy are connected but not necessarily through PI(3,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yilin Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Balutowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory E Miner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - David A Rivera-Kohr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael R Hrabak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine D Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Annie Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge D Calderin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Rutilio A Fratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Center for Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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7
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Stasic AJ, Moreno SNJ, Carruthers VB, Dou Z. The Toxoplasma plant-like vacuolar compartment (PLVAC). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12951. [PMID: 36218001 PMCID: PMC10576567 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and is an important cause of congenital disease and infection in immunocompromised patients. T. gondii shares several characteristics with plants including a nonphotosynthetic plastid termed apicoplast and a multivesicular organelle that was named the plant-like vacuole (PLV) or vacuolar compartment (VAC). The name plant-like vacuole was selected based on its resemblance in composition and function to plant vacuoles. The name VAC represents its general vacuolar characteristics. We will refer to the organelle as PLVAC in this review. New findings in recent years have revealed that the PLVAC represents the lysosomal compartment of T. gondii which has adapted peculiarities to fulfill specific Toxoplasma needs. In this review, we discuss the composition and functions of the PLVAC highlighting its roles in ion storage and homeostasis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stasic
- Department of Microbiology, Heartland FPG, Carmel, Indiana, USA
| | - Silvia N J Moreno
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhicheng Dou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, Clemson, USA
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8
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Zhang C, Balutowski A, Feng Y, Calderin JD, Fratti RA. High throughput analysis of vacuolar acidification. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114927. [PMID: 36167157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into membrane-bound organelles, allowing each organelle to maintain the specialized conditions needed for their specific functions. One of the features that change between organelles is lumenal pH. In the endocytic and secretory pathways, lumenal pH is controlled by isoforms and concentration of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). In the endolysosomal pathway, copies of complete V-ATPase complexes accumulate as membranes mature from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes. Thus, each compartment becomes more acidic as maturation proceeds. Lysosome acidification is essential for the breakdown of macromolecules delivered from endosomes as well as cargo from different autophagic pathways, and dysregulation of this process is linked to various diseases. Thus, it is important to understand the regulation of the V-ATPase. Here we describe a high-throughput method for screening inhibitors/activators of V-ATPase activity using Acridine Orange (AO) as a fluorescent reporter for acidified yeast vacuolar lysosomes. Through this method, the acidification of purified vacuoles can be measured in real-time in half-volume 96-well plates or a larger 384-well format. This not only reduces the cost of expensive low abundance reagents, but it drastically reduces the time needed to measure individual conditions in large volume cuvettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adam Balutowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yilin Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jorge D Calderin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rutilio A Fratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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9
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The genome-wide identification and adaptive evolution of slc9 genes in Leuciscus waleckii under extremely alkaline conditions. Gene 2022; 840:146769. [PMID: 35907566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 9 (slc9) genes, especially slc9a isoform coding proteins contribute to electroneutral countertransport of H+ for Na+ across the plasmalemmal and organellar membranes, intracellular pH and cellular volume regulation as well as the electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid volume homeostasis at the systemic level. These functional properties determine a potential basis for organisms to challenge stressful conditions. However, these well-done researches have been reported more in mammals. Thus, in this study, a total of eleven slc9 genes were identified from the latest version genome of L. waleckii, a cyprinid fish that could tolerate extremely alkaline environments (pH 9.6). The evolutionary footprint of slc9 genes was uncovered via the analysis of copy numbers, gene structure, motif composition, chromosome location and phylogenetic relationship. More importantly, there were two SNPs located on 5' UTR and three non-synonymous mutations in the coding region of the slc9a3.2 gene by comparing freshwater with alkaline water populations attached to resequencing technology. Slc9a3.2 gene was a statistically significant low expression in gill tissue with extremely alkaline pressure. Generally, slc9 gene family in L. waleckii was highly conserved. Several important SNPs with high Fst values were identified where non-synonymous mutations occurred between freshwater and alkaline water populations, and they may play an important role in specific functional differentiation. Slc9 genes had clear tissue expression preferences and were involved in abiotic stress response, indicating their roles in physiological function and strong self-regulating capacity. Our insight into the genetic variations that take place in the individual genes under extreme conditions could provide a feasible example for studying specific molecular mechanisms based on genomic data with increasing environmental stress.
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10
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Conan P, Léon A, Gourdel M, Rollet C, Chaïr L, Caroff N, Le Goux N, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Sinane M, Gentile L, Maillebouis L, Loaëc N, Martin J, Vilaire M, Corcos L, Mignen O, Croyal M, Voisset C, Bihel F, Friocourt G. Identification of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives That Decrease Cystathionine Beta Synthase (CBS) Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126769. [PMID: 35743210 PMCID: PMC9223588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CBS encodes a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the condensation of homocysteine and serine to form cystathionine. Due to its implication in some cancers and in the cognitive pathophysiology of Down syndrome, the identification of pharmacological inhibitors of this enzyme is urgently required. However, thus far, attempts to identify such molecules have only led to the identification of compounds with low potency and limited selectivity. We consequently developed an original, yeast-based screening method that identified three FDA-approved drugs of the 8-hydroxyquinoline family: clioquinol, chloroxine and nitroxoline. These molecules reduce CBS enzymatic activity in different cellular models, proving that the molecular mechanisms involved in yeast phenotypic rescue are conserved in mammalian cells. A combination of genetic and chemical biology approaches also revealed the importance of copper and zinc intracellular levels in the regulation of CBS enzymatic activity—copper promoting CBS activity and zinc inhibiting its activity. Taken together, these results indicate that our effective screening approach identified three new potent CBS inhibitors and provides new findings for the regulation of CBS activity, which is crucial to develop new therapies for CBS-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Conan
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Alice Léon
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, L’Institut Du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Rollet
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Loubna Chaïr
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Noéline Caroff
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- Inserm U1227, Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunothérapies, Université de Brest, 29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Catherine Le Jossic-Corcos
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Maha Sinane
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Lucile Gentile
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Louise Maillebouis
- CRB-Biojel, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Marie Vilaire
- CRB-Biojel, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Laurent Corcos
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Inserm U1227, Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunothérapies, Université de Brest, 29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, L’Institut Du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT, UMR7200, IMS MEDALIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Gaëlle Friocourt
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-98-01-83-87
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11
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Gao AYL, Lourdin-De Filippis E, Orlowski J, McKinney RA. Roles of Endomembrane Alkali Cation/Proton Exchangers in Synaptic Function and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892196. [PMID: 35547574 PMCID: PMC9081726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomembrane alkali cation (Na+, K+)/proton (H+) exchangers (eNHEs) are increasingly associated with neurological disorders. These eNHEs play integral roles in regulating the luminal pH, processing, and trafficking of cargo along the secretory (Golgi and post-Golgi vesicles) and endocytic (early, recycling, and late endosomes) pathways, essential regulatory processes vital for neuronal development and plasticity. Given the complex morphology and compartmentalization of multipolar neurons, the contribution of eNHEs in maintaining optimal pH homeostasis and cargo trafficking is especially significant during periods of structural and functional development and remodeling. While the importance of eNHEs has been demonstrated in a variety of non-neuronal cell types, their involvement in neuronal function is less well understood. In this review, we will discuss their emerging roles in excitatory synaptic function, particularly as it pertains to cellular learning and remodeling. We will also explore their connections to neurodevelopmental conditions, including intellectual disability, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y L Gao
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - John Orlowski
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Ruiz-Castilla FJ, Ruiz Pérez FS, Ramos-Moreno L, Ramos J. Candida albicans Potassium Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094884. [PMID: 35563275 PMCID: PMC9105532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium is basic for life. All living organisms require high amounts of intracellular potassium, which fulfils multiple functions. To reach efficient potassium homeostasis, eukaryotic cells have developed a complex and tightly regulated system of transporters present both in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of internal organelles that allow correct intracellular potassium content and distribution. We review the information available on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. While some of the plasma membrane potassium transporters are relatively well known and experimental data about their nature, function or regulation have been published, in the case of most of the transporters present in intracellular membranes, their existence and even function have just been deduced because of their homology with those present in other yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we analyse the possible links between pathogenicity and potassium homeostasis. We comment on the possibility of using some of these transporters as tentative targets in the search for new antifungal drugs.
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13
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Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
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14
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Paine KM, Ecclestone GB, MacDonald C. Fur4-mediated uracil-scavenging to screen for surface protein regulators. Traffic 2021; 22:397-408. [PMID: 34498791 PMCID: PMC8650575 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface membrane proteins perform diverse and critical functions and are spatially and temporally regulated by membrane trafficking pathways. Although perturbations in these pathways underlie many pathologies, our understanding of these pathways at a mechanistic level remains incomplete. Using yeast as a model, we have developed an assay that reports on the surface activity of the uracil permease Fur4 in uracil auxotroph strains grown in the presence of limited uracil. This assay was used to screen a library of haploid deletion strains and identified mutants with both diminished and enhanced comparative growth in restricted uracil media. Factors identified, including various multisubunit complexes, were enriched for membrane trafficking and transcriptional functions, in addition to various uncharacterized genes. Bioinformatic analysis of expression profiles from many strains lacking transcription factors required for efficient uracil-scavenging validated particular hits from the screen, in addition to implicating essential genes not tested in the screen. Finally, we performed a secondary mating factor secretion screen to functionally categorize factors implicated in uracil-scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Paine
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Gabrielle B Ecclestone
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Chris MacDonald
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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15
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Teixeira V, Martins TS, Prinz WA, Costa V. Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Cytosolic pH Regulate a Transcriptional Circuit for Lipid Droplet Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9017. [PMID: 34445723 PMCID: PMC8396576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that fulfill essential roles in response to metabolic cues. The identification of several neutral lipid synthesizing and regulatory protein complexes have propelled significant advance on the mechanisms of LD biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, our understanding of signaling networks, especially transcriptional mechanisms, regulating membrane biogenesis is very limited. Here, we show that the nutrient-sensing Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) regulates LD formation at a transcriptional level, by targeting DGA1 expression, in a Sit4-, Mks1-, and Sfp1-dependent manner. We show that cytosolic pH (pHc), co-regulated by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 and the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), acts as a second messenger, upstream of protein kinase A (PKA), to adjust the localization and activity of the major transcription factor repressor Opi1, which in turn controls the metabolic switch between phospholipid metabolism and lipid storage. Together, this work delineates hitherto unknown molecular mechanisms that couple nutrient availability and pHc to LD formation through a transcriptional circuit regulated by major signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Yeast Signalling Networks, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (V.C.)
- Yeast Signalling Networks, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Telma S. Martins
- Yeast Signalling Networks, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (V.C.)
- Yeast Signalling Networks, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - William A. Prinz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Vítor Costa
- Yeast Signalling Networks, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (V.C.)
- Yeast Signalling Networks, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Zhang C, van Leeuwen W, Blotenburg M, Aguilera-Gomez A, Brussee S, Grond R, Kampinga HH, Rabouille C. Activation of salt Inducible Kinases, IRE1 and PERK leads to Sec bodies formation in Drosophila S2 cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272062. [PMID: 34350957 PMCID: PMC8445602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase separation of the non-membrane bound Sec bodies occurs in Drosophila S2 cells by coalescence of components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites under the stress of amino acid starvation. Here, we address which signaling pathways cause Sec body formation and find that two pathways are critical. The first is the activation of the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs; SIK2 and SIK3) by Na+ stress, which, when it is strong, is sufficient. The second is activation of IRE1 and PERK (also known as PEK in flies) downstream of ER stress induced by the absence of amino acids, which needs to be combined with moderate salt stress to induce Sec body formation. SIK, and IRE1 and PERK activation appear to potentiate each other through the stimulation of the unfolded protein response, a key parameter in Sec body formation. This work shows the role of SIKs in phase transition and re-enforces the role of IRE1 and PERK as a metabolic sensor for the level of circulating amino acids and salt. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: In S2 cells, the phase-separated Sec bodies form upon the combined activation of salt-inducible kinases, IRE1 and PERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Zhang
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sem Brussee
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Grond
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences in Cells and Systems, UMC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences in Cells and Systems, UMC Groningen, The Netherlands.,Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Moro S, Moscoso-Romero E, Poddar A, Mulet JM, Perez P, Chen Q, Valdivieso MH. Exomer Is Part of a Hub Where Polarized Secretion and Ionic Stress Connect. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708354. [PMID: 34349749 PMCID: PMC8326576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane and membranous organelles contribute to the physiology of the Eukaryotic cell by participating in vesicle trafficking and the maintenance of ion homeostasis. Exomer is a protein complex that facilitates vesicle transport from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, and its absence leads to the retention of a set of selected cargoes in this organelle. However, this retention does not explain all phenotypes observed in exomer mutants. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe exomer is composed of Cfr1 and Bch1, and cfr1Δ and bch1Δ were sensitive to high concentrations of potassium salts but not sorbitol, which showed sensitivity to ionic but not osmotic stress. Additionally, the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase was higher in exomer mutants than in the wild-type, pointing to membrane hyperpolarization, which caused an increase in intracellular K+ content and mild sensitivity to Na+, Ca2+, and the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Moreover, in response to K+ shock, the intracellular Ca2+ level of cfr1Δ cells increased significantly more than in the wild-type, likely due to the larger Ca2+ spikes in the mutant. Microscopy analyses showed a defective endosomal morphology in the mutants. This was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular pools of the K+ exporting P-type ATPase Cta3 and the plasma membrane Transient Receptor Potential (TRP)-like Ca2+ channel Pkd2, which were partially diverted from the trans-Golgi network to the prevacuolar endosome. Despite this, most Cta3 and Pkd2 were delivered to the plasma membrane at the cell growing sites, showing that their transport from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface occurred in the absence of exomer. Nevertheless, shortly after gene expression in the presence of KCl, the polarized distribution of Cta3 and Pkd2 in the plasma membrane was disturbed in the mutants. Finally, the use of fluorescent probes suggested that the distribution and dynamics of association of some lipids to the plasma membrane in the presence of KCl were altered in the mutants. Thus, exomer participation in the response to K+ stress was multifaceted. These results supported the notion that exomer plays a general role in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network and in polarized secretion, which is not always related to a function as a selective cargo adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Moro
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esteban Moscoso-Romero
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Abhishek Poddar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Perez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - M-Henar Valdivieso
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Lizarraga SB, Ma L, Maguire AM, van Dyck LI, Wu Q, Ouyang Q, Kavanaugh BC, Nagda D, Livi LL, Pescosolido MF, Schmidt M, Alabi S, Cowen MH, Brito-Vargas P, Hoffman-Kim D, Gamsiz Uzun ED, Schlessinger A, Jones RN, Morrow EM. Human neurons from Christianson syndrome iPSCs reveal mutation-specific responses to rescue strategies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/580/eaaw0682. [PMID: 33568516 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Christianson syndrome (CS), an X-linked neurological disorder characterized by postnatal attenuation of brain growth (postnatal microcephaly), is caused by mutations in SLC9A6, the gene encoding endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6). To hasten treatment development, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from patients with CS representing a mutational spectrum, as well as biologically related and isogenic control lines. We demonstrated that pathogenic mutations lead to loss of protein function by a variety of mechanisms: The majority of mutations caused loss of mRNA due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; however, a recurrent, missense mutation (the G383D mutation) had both loss-of-function and dominant-negative activities. Regardless of mutation, all patient-derived neurons demonstrated reduced neurite growth and arborization, likely underlying diminished postnatal brain growth in patients. Phenotype rescue strategies showed mutation-specific responses: A gene transfer strategy was effective in nonsense mutations, but not in the G383D mutation, wherein residual protein appeared to interfere with rescue. In contrast, application of exogenous trophic factors (BDNF or IGF-1) rescued arborization phenotypes across all mutations. These results may guide treatment development in CS, including gene therapy strategies wherein our data suggest that response to treatment may be dictated by the class of mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Lizarraga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Abbie M Maguire
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Laura I van Dyck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brian C Kavanaugh
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Developmental Disorders Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI 02915, USA
| | - Dipal Nagda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Liane L Livi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Matthew F Pescosolido
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Developmental Disorders Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI 02915, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Developmental Disorders Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI 02915, USA
| | - Shanique Alabi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mara H Cowen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Paul Brito-Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Diane Hoffman-Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ece D Gamsiz Uzun
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard N Jones
- Quantitative Sciences Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. .,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Developmental Disorders Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI 02915, USA
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19
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Wu L, Wu M, Liu H, Gao Y, Chen F, Xiang Y. Identification and characterisation of monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) in Phyllostachys edulis and the functional analysis of PheNHX2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:205-221. [PMID: 34004558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs), types of transmembrane transporters, play important roles in resistance to salt stress. In this study, 37 CPA genes from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) were identified and characterised. The expression profiles of 10 CPA1 genes (PheNHXs) of moso bamboo were detected by qRT-PCR, which showed that they were specifically expressed in six tissues. In addition, the expression of 10 PheNHXs in leaves and roots changed significantly under 150/200 mM NaCl and 100 μM ABA treatments. In particular, the expression of PheNHX2 in leaves and roots was significantly upregulated under NaCl treatment, thus, we cloned PheNHX2 and analysed its function. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that PheNHX2 was located on the vacuolar membrane. Overexpression of PheNHX2 reduced seed germination and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, as well as severely affecting cellular Na+ and K+ content, which in turn reduced the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Measurements of physiological indicators, including chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities and relative electrical conductivity, all supported this conclusion. Under salt stress, PheNHX2 also inhibited the expression of some stress-related and ion transport-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overall, these results indicate that overexpression of PheNHX2 reduces the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. This investigation establishes a foundation for subsequent functional studies of moso bamboo CPA genes, and it provides a deeper understanding of PheNHX2 regulation in relation to the salt tolerance of moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Huanlong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yameng Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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20
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Nassiri Toosi Z, Su X, Austin R, Choudhury S, Li W, Pang YT, Gumbart JC, Torres MP. Combinatorial phosphorylation modulates the structure and function of the G protein γ subunit in yeast. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/688/eabd2464. [PMID: 34158397 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins are often targets of combinatorial posttranslational modifications, which serve to regulate protein structure and function. Emerging evidence suggests that the N-terminal tails of G protein γ subunits, which are essential components of heterotrimeric G proteins, are intrinsically disordered, phosphorylation-dependent determinants of G protein signaling. Here, we found that the yeast Gγ subunit Ste18 underwent combinatorial, multisite phosphorylation events within its N-terminal IDR. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and osmotic stress induced phosphorylation at Ser7, whereas glucose and acid stress induced phosphorylation at Ser3, which was a quantitative indicator of intracellular pH. Each site was phosphorylated by a distinct set of kinases, and phosphorylation of one site affected phosphorylation of the other, as determined through exposure to serial stimuli and through phosphosite mutagenesis. Last, we showed that phosphorylation resulted in changes in IDR structure and that different combinations of phosphorylation events modulated the activation rate and amplitude of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3. These data place Gγ subunits among intrinsically disordered proteins that undergo combinatorial posttranslational modifications that govern signaling pathway output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nassiri Toosi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xinya Su
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ruth Austin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shilpa Choudhury
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Southeast Center for Mathematics and Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yui Tik Pang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - James C Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Matthew P Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. .,Southeast Center for Mathematics and Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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21
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Eigenfeld M, Kerpes R, Becker T. Understanding the Impact of Industrial Stress Conditions on Replicative Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:665490. [PMID: 37744109 PMCID: PMC10512339 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.665490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, aging is widely understood as the decline of physiological function and the decreasing ability to adapt to environmental changes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an important model organism for the investigation of these processes. Yeast is used in industrial processes (beer and wine production), and several stress conditions can influence its intracellular aging processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on applied stress conditions, such as osmotic pressure, primary metabolites (e.g., ethanol), low pH, oxidative stress, heat on aging indicators, age-related physiological changes, and yeast longevity. There is clear evidence that yeast cells are exposed to many stressors influencing viability and vitality, leading to an age-related shift in age distribution. Currently, there is a lack of rapid, non-invasive methods allowing the investigation of aspects of yeast aging in real time on a single-cell basis using the high-throughput approach. Methods such as micromanipulation, centrifugal elutriator, or biotinylation do not provide real-time information on age distributions in industrial processes. In contrast, innovative approaches, such as non-invasive fluorescence coupled flow cytometry intended for high-throughput measurements, could be promising for determining the replicative age of yeast cells in fermentation and its impact on industrial stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kerpes
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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22
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Fernández de Ullivarri M, Bulacios GA, Navarro SA, Lanza L, Mendoza LM, Chalón MC. The killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 exerts a broad anti-Candida activity through the production of killer toxins and volatile compounds. Med Mycol 2021; 58:1102-1113. [PMID: 32196549 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a group of opportunistic infections caused by yeast of the genus Candida. The appearance of drug resistance and the adverse effects of current antifungal therapies require the search for new, more efficient therapeutic alternatives. Killer yeasts have aroused as suitable candidates for mining new antifungal compounds. Killer strains secrete antimicrobial proteins named killer toxins, with promissory antifungal activity. Here we found that the killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) inhibited six pathogenic strains and one collection strain of Candida spp. The inhibition is mainly mediated by secreted killer toxins and, to a lesser extent, by volatile compounds such as acetic acid and ethyl acetate. A new large killer toxin (>180 kDa) was purified, which exerted 70-74% of the total CFS anti-Candida activity, and the previously described glucanase KTCf20 was inhibitory in a lesser extent as well. In addition, we demonstrated that Cf20 possesses the genes encoding for the β-1,3-glucanases WaExg1 and WaExg2, proteins with extensively studied antifungal activity, particularly WaExg2. Finally, the 10-fold concentrated CFS exerted a high candidacidal effect at 37°C, completely inhibiting the fungal growth, although the nonconcentrated CFS (RCF 1) had very limited fungistatic activity at this temperature. In conclusion, W. anomalus Cf20 produces different low and high molecular weight compounds with anti-Candida activity that could be used to design new therapies for candidiasis and as a source for novel antimicrobial compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández de Ullivarri
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Bulacios
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Silvia A Navarro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Lucía Lanza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Lucia M Mendoza
- Centro de referencia para lactobacilos (CERELA, CONICET), Chacabuco 145, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Chalón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
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23
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Mioka T, Guo T, Wang S, Tsuji T, Kishimoto T, Fujimoto T, Tanaka K. Characterization of micron-scale protein-depleted plasma membrane domains in phosphatidylserine-deficient yeast cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:261783. [PMID: 34000034 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane phase separation to form micron-scale domains of lipids and proteins occurs in artificial membranes; however, a similar large-scale phase separation has not been reported in the plasma membrane of the living cells. We show here that a stable micron-scale protein-depleted region is generated in the plasma membrane of yeast mutants lacking phosphatidylserine at high temperatures. We named this region the 'void zone'. Transmembrane proteins and certain peripheral membrane proteins and phospholipids are excluded from the void zone. The void zone is rich in ergosterol, and requires ergosterol and sphingolipids for its formation. Such properties are also found in the cholesterol-enriched domains of phase-separated artificial membranes, but the void zone is a novel membrane domain that requires energy and various cellular functions for its formation. The formation of the void zone indicates that the plasma membrane in living cells has the potential to undergo phase separation with certain lipid compositions. We also found that void zones were frequently in contact with vacuoles, in which a membrane domain was also formed at the contact site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Mioka
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tian Guo
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuma Tsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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24
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Liu L, Jiang T, Zhou J, Mei Y, Li J, Tan J, Wei L, Li J, Peng Y, Chen C, Liu NN, Wang H. Repurposing the FDA-approved anticancer agent ponatinib as a fluconazole potentiator by suppression of multidrug efflux and Pma1 expression in a broad spectrum of yeast species. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:482-498. [PMID: 33955652 PMCID: PMC8867973 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have emerged as a major global threat to human health because of the increasing incidence and mortality rates every year. The emergence of drug resistance and limited arsenal of antifungal agents further aggravates the current situation resulting in a growing challenge in medical mycology. Here, we identified that ponatinib, an FDA‐approved antitumour drug, significantly enhanced the activity of the azole fluconazole, the most widely used antifungal drug. Further detailed investigation of ponatinib revealed that its combination with fluconazole displayed broad‐spectrum synergistic interactions against a variety of human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Mechanistic insights into the mode of action unravelled that ponatinib reduced the efflux of fluconazole via Pdr5 and suppressed the expression of the proton pump, Pma1. Taken together, our study identifies ponatinib as a novel antifungal that enhances drug activity of fluconazole against diverse fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yikun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingcong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Luqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,The Nanjing Unicorn Academy of Innovation, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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25
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Castro M, Lythe G, Smit J, Molina-París C. Fusion and fission events regulate endosome maturation and viral escape. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7845. [PMID: 33846408 PMCID: PMC8041880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomes are intracellular vesicles that mediate the communication of the cell with its extracellular environment. They are an essential part of the cell’s machinery regulating intracellular trafficking via the endocytic pathway. Many viruses, which in order to replicate require a host cell, attach themselves to the cellular membrane; an event which usually initiates uptake of a viral particle through the endocytic pathway. In this way viruses hijack endosomes for their journey towards intracellular sites of replication and avoid degradation without host detection by escaping the endosomal compartment. Recent experimental techniques have defined the role of endosomal maturation in the ability of enveloped viruses to release their genetic material into the cytoplasm. Endosome maturation depends on a family of small hydrolase enzymes (or GTPases) called Rab proteins, arranged on the cytoplasmic surface of its membrane. Here, we model endosomes as intracellular compartments described by two variables (its levels of active Rab5 and Rab7 proteins) and which can undergo coagulation (or fusion) and fragmentation (or fission). The key element in our approach is the “per-cell endosomal distribution” and its dynamical (Boltzmann) equation. The Boltzmann equation allows us to derive the dynamics of the total number of endosomes in a cell, as well as the mean and the standard deviation of its active Rab5 and Rab7 levels. We compare our mathematical results with experiments of Dengue viral escape from endosomes. The relationship between endosomal active Rab levels and pH suggests a mechanism that can account for the observed variability in viral escape times, which in turn regulate the viability of a viral intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Castro
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC) and Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jolanda Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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26
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Ma D, Guo Z, Ding Q, Zhao Z, Shen Z, Wei M, Gao C, Zhang L, Li H, Zhang S, Li J, Zhu X, Zheng HL. Chromosome-level assembly of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum genome generated through Illumina, PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1593-1607. [PMID: 33550674 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aegiceras corniculatum is a major mangrove plant species adapted to waterlogging and saline conditions, grows in the coastal intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. corniculatum by incorporating PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology. The results showed that the PacBio draft genome size is 906.63 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding anchored 885.06 Mb contigs (97.62% of draft assembly) onto 24 pseudochromosomes. The contig N50 and scaffold N50 were 7.1 Mb and 37.74 Mb, respectively. Out of 40,727 protein-coding genes predicted in the study, 89% have functional annotations in public databases. We also showed that of the 603.93 Mb repetitive sequences predicted in the assembled genome, long terminal repeat retrotransposons constitute 41.52%. The genome evolution analysis showed that the A. corniculatum genome experienced two whole-genome duplication events and shared the ancient γ whole-genome triplication event. A comparative genomic analysis revealed an incidence of expansion in 1,488 gene families associated with essential metabolism and biosynthetic pathways, including photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, phenylalanine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate metabolism, and DNA replication, which probably constitute adaptation traits that allow the A. corniculatum to survive in the intertidal zone. Also, the systematic characterization of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the AcNHX gene family conducted in this study will provide insight into the adaptation mechanism of A. corniculatum to intertidal environments. The high-quality genome reported here can provide historical insights into genomic transformations that support the survival of A. corniculatum under harsh intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiansu Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changhao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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27
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Cao B, Xia Z, Hao Z, Liu C, Long D, Fan W, Zhao A. The C-terminal tail of the plant endosomal-type NHXs plays a key role in its function and stability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110791. [PMID: 33487365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Typically, Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) possess a conserved N-terminus for cation binding and exchange and a hydrophilic C-terminus for regulating the antiporter activity. Plant endosomal-type NHXs play important roles in protein trafficking, as well as K+ and vesicle pH homeostasis, however the role of the C-terminal tail remains unclear. Here, the function of MnNHX6, an endosomal-type NHX in mulberry, was investigated using heterologous expression in yeast. Functional and localization analyses of C-terminal truncation and mutations in MnNHX6 revealed that the C-terminal conserved region was responsible for the function and stability of the protein and its hydrophobicity, which is a key domain requirement. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided direct structural evidence and yeast two-hybrid screening indicated that this functional domain was also necessary for interaction with sorting nexin 1. Our findings demonstrate that although the C-terminal tail of MnNHX6 is intrinsically disordered, the C-terminal conserved region may be an important part of the external mouth of this transporter, which controls protein function and stability by serving as an inter-molecular cork with a chain mechanism. These findings improve our understanding of the roles of the C-terminal tail of endosomal-type NHXs in plants and the ion transport mechanism of NHX-like antiporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhanzhang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Changying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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28
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Lv S, Wang L, Zhang X, Li X, Fan L, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xie H, Sawchuk MG, Scarpella E, Qiu QS. Arabidopsis NHX5 and NHX6 regulate PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153305. [PMID: 33129075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NHX5 and NHX6, endosomal Na+,K+/H+ antiporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, play a vital role in growth and development. Our previous study has shown that NHX5 and NHX6 function as H+ leak to regulate auxin-mediated growth in Arabidopsis. In this report, we investigated the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in controlling PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth in Arabidopsis. Phenotypic analyses found that NHX5 and NHX6 were critical for the function of PIN6, an auxin transporter. We further showed that PIN6 depended on NHX5 and NHX6 in regulating auxin homeostasis. NHX5 and NHX6 were colocalized with PIN6, but they did not interact physically. The conserved acidic residues that are vital for the activity of NHX5 and NHX6 were critical for PIN6 function. Together, NHX5 and NHX6 may regulate PIN6 function by their transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Megan G Sawchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Enrico Scarpella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
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29
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Karim R, Bouchra B, Fatima G, Abdelkarim FM, Laila S. Plant NHX Antiporters: From Function to Biotechnological Application, with Case Study. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 22:60-73. [PMID: 33143624 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666201103085151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively affect crops worldwide. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with the limitations imposed by salinity. Molecular mechanisms, including the upregulation of cation transporters such as the Na+/H+ antiporters, are one of the processes adopted by plants to survive in saline environments. NHX antiporters are involved in salt tolerance, development, cell expansion, growth performance and disease resistance of plants. They are integral membrane proteins belonging to the widely distributed CPA1 sub-group of monovalent cation/H+ antiporters and provide an important strategy for ionic homeostasis in plants under saline conditions. These antiporters are known to regulate the exchange of sodium and hydrogen ions across the membrane and are ubiquitous to all eukaryotic organisms. With the genomic approach, previous studies reported that a large number of proteins encoding Na+/H+ antiporter genes have been identified in many plant species and successfully introduced into desired species to create transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses. In this review, we focus on plant antiporters and all the aspects from their structure, classification, function to their in silico analysis. On the other hand, we performed a genome-wide search to identify the predicted NHX genes in Argania spinosa L. We highlighted for the first time the presence of four putative NHX (AsNHX1-4) from the Argan tree genome, whose phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification in one distinct vacuolar cluster. The essential information of the four putative NHXs, such as gene structure, subcellular localization and transmembrane domains was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeh Karim
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, B.P. 1014 RP, Morocco
| | - Belkadi Bouchra
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, B.P. 1014 RP, Morocco
| | - Gaboun Fatima
- Plant Breeding Unit, National Institute for Agronomic Research, Regional Center of Rabat, B.P. 6356-Rabat-Instituts, Morocco
| | - Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, B.P. 1014 RP, Morocco
| | - Sbabou Laila
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, B.P. 1014 RP, Morocco
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30
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Kumar R, Masthigowda MH, Kaur A, Bhusal N, Pandey A, Kumar S, Mishra C, Singh G, Singh GP. Identification and characterization of multiple abiotic stress tolerance genes in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8629-8643. [PMID: 33068231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is produced worldwide over six continents with the European Union, China, India, Russia, and the United States as major producer countries. The productivity was recorded 749 million tons by harvesting from 220-million-hectare land. It is the need of the hour to develop stress-tolerant wheat varieties to enhance the productivity by 60% to provide food security to 9.6 billion-world population by 2050. Although the genotypes have been identified for heat, drought and salt tolerance, their underlying mechanism for tolerance is poorly understood. The detailed understanding of the mechanism and identification of critical factors participating in multiple abiotic stress tolerance is essential. In the present study, the contrasting wheat genotypes were intensely characterized and assessed for the expression of different stress responsive genes under lab conditions. The expression analysis revealed that SHN1, DREB6, NHX2 and AVP1 were found to be highly induced under heat, salt and drought stresses in wheat. Thus, these genes can be used as signature genes to identify the multiple stress-tolerant varieties in the breeding program. The novel variants of these genes can be targeted through breeding or genetic engineering or genome editing strategies to develop multiple abiotic stress tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | | | - Amandeep Kaur
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nabin Bhusal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Ankita Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chandranath Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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31
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Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Viral Infections: Further Discoveries and Future Perspectives. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080844. [PMID: 32756358 PMCID: PMC7472218 DOI: 10.3390/v12080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play key roles in almost all facets of cellular physiology and have emerged as key host cell factors for a multitude of viral infections. A catalogue of ion channel-blocking drugs have been shown to possess antiviral activity, some of which are in widespread human usage for ion channel-related diseases, highlighting new potential for drug repurposing. The emergence of ion channel–virus interactions has also revealed the intriguing possibility that channelopathies may explain some commonly observed virus induced pathologies. This field is rapidly evolving and an up-to-date summary of new discoveries can inform future perspectives. We herein discuss the role of ion channels during viral lifecycles, describe the recently identified ion channel drugs that can inhibit viral infections, and highlight the potential contribution of ion channels to virus-mediated disease.
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32
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Prasad H, Rao R. Endosomal Acid-Base Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:195-231. [PMID: 32737755 PMCID: PMC7614123 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating and largely untreatable conditions that pose a significant burden to affected individuals and caregivers. Overwhelming evidence supports a crucial preclinical role for endosomal dysfunction as an upstream pathogenic hub and driver in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. We present recent advances on the role of endosomal acid-base homeostasis in neurodegeneration and discuss evidence for converging mechanisms. The strongest genetic risk factor in sporadic AD is the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4), which potentiates pre-symptomatic endosomal dysfunction and prominent amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, although how these pathways are linked mechanistically has remained unclear. There is emerging evidence that the Christianson syndrome protein NHE6 is a prominent ApoE4 effector linking endosomal function to Aβ pathologies. By functioning as a dominant leak pathway for protons, the Na+/H+ exchanger activity of NHE6 limits endosomal acidification and regulates β-secretase (BACE)-mediated Aβ production and LRP1 receptor-mediated Aβ clearance. Pathological endosomal acidification may impact both Aβ generation and clearance mechanisms and emerges as a promising therapeutic target in AD. We also offer our perspective on the complex role of endosomal acid-base homeostasis in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and its therapeutic implications for neuronal rescue and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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33
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Zhang F, Bian J, Chen X, Huang J, Smith N, Lu W, Xu Y, Lee J, Wu X. Roles for intracellular cation transporters in respiratory growth of yeast. Metallomics 2020; 11:1667-1678. [PMID: 31402362 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is involved in copper and iron metabolism in eukaryotic Golgi apparatus, but it is not clear yet whether potassium distributions in other vesicles also affect copper and iron metabolism. Here we show that respiratory growth and iron acquisition by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on potassium (K+) compartmentalization to the mitochondria, as well as the vacuole and late endosome via K+/H+ exchangers Mdm38p, Vnx1p and Nhx1p, respectively. The data indicate that NHX1 and VNX1 knock-out cells grow better than wild type cells on non-fermentable YPEG media, while MDM38 knock-out cells display a growth defect on YPEG media. The over expression of the KHA1 gene located on the Golgi apparatus partially compensates for the growth defect of the MDM38 knock-out strain. The results suggest that the vacuole and late endosome are important potassium storage vesicles and Mdm38p affects the mitochondrial function by regulating copper and iron metabolism. Our study reveals potassium compartmentalization to the subcellular vesicles is relevant for respiratory growth by improving copper utilization and promoting iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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34
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Ilie A, Boucher A, Park J, Berghuis AM, McKinney RA, Orlowski J. Assorted dysfunctions of endosomal alkali cation/proton exchanger SLC9A6 variants linked to Christianson syndrome. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7075-7095. [PMID: 32277048 PMCID: PMC7242699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic screening has identified numerous variants of the endosomal solute carrier family 9 member A6 (SLC9A6)/(Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) gene that cause Christianson syndrome, a debilitating X-linked developmental disorder associated with a range of neurological, somatic, and behavioral symptoms. Many of these variants cause complete loss of NHE6 expression, but how subtler missense substitutions or nonsense mutations that partially truncate its C-terminal cytoplasmic regulatory domain impair NHE6 activity and endosomal function are poorly understood. Here, we describe the molecular and cellular consequences of six unique mutations located in the N-terminal cytoplasmic segment (A9S), the membrane ion translocation domain (L188P and G383D), and the C-terminal regulatory domain (E547*, R568Q, and W570*) of human NHE6 that purportedly cause disease. Using a heterologous NHE6-deficient cell expression system, we show that the biochemical, catalytic, and cellular properties of the A9S and R568Q variants were largely indistinguishable from those of the WT transporter, which obscured their disease significance. By contrast, the L188P, G383D, E547*, and W570* mutants exhibited variable deficiencies in biosynthetic post-translational maturation, membrane sorting, pH homeostasis in recycling endosomes, and cargo trafficking, and they also triggered apoptosis. These findings broaden our understanding of the molecular dysfunctions of distinct NHE6 variants associated with Christianson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ilie
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Annie Boucher
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - John Orlowski
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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35
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The Role of Secretory Pathways in Candida albicans Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010026. [PMID: 32102426 PMCID: PMC7151058 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a fungus that is a commensal organism and a member of the normal human microbiota. It has the ability to transition into an opportunistic invasive pathogen. Attributes that support pathogenesis include secretion of virulence-associated proteins, hyphal formation, and biofilm formation. These processes are supported by secretion, as defined in the broad context of membrane trafficking. In this review, we examine the role of secretory pathways in Candida virulence, with a focus on the model opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans.
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36
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Yang Y, Yu Q, Song H, Ran L, Wang K, Xie L, Huang S, Niu Z, Zhang Y, Kan Z, Yan T, Song Z. Decreased NHE3 activity and trafficking in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells via the SGLT1-mediated P38 MAPK/AKt2 pathway. Virus Res 2020; 280:197901. [PMID: 32070687 PMCID: PMC7114662 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Decreased of apical of NHE3 protein expression and Na+/H+ exchange activity after TGEV infected IPEC-J2. SGLT1 can regulation the trafficking of NHE3 by p38MAPK/AKt2 singal pathway and show a corporate relationship. TGEV infection causes an increase in the expression of total SGLT1 protein. TGEV infection attenuates the translocation and exchange activity of NHE3 via the p38MAPK/AKt2 signaling pathway.
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) primarily replicates in intestinal epithelial cells and causes severe damage to host cells, resulting in diarrhea. Surface NHE3 serves as the key regulatory site controlling electroneutral Na+ absorption. In this study, our results showed that the surface NHE3 content was significantly reduced following TGEV infection, whereas the total level of protein expression was not significantly changed, and NHE3 activity gradually decreased with prolonged infection time. We then inhibited SGLT1 expression by lentiviral interference and drug inhibition, respectively. Inhibition studies showed that the level of phosphorylation of the downstream key proteins, MAPKAPK-2 and EZRIN, in the SGLT1-mediated p38MAPK/AKt2 signaling pathway was significantly increased. The surface NHE3 expression was also significantly increased, and NHE3 activity was also significantly enhanced. These results demonstrate that a TGEV infection can inhibit NHE3 translocation and attenuates sodium-hydrogen exchange activity via the SGLT1-mediated p38MAPK/AKt2 signaling pathway, affecting cellular electrolyte absorption leading to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qiuhan Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Han Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ling Ran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Luyi Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Shilei Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zheng Niu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zifei Kan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China, Chongqing 402460, China.
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37
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A new pH sensor localized in the Golgi apparatus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals unexpected roles of Vph1p and Stv1p isoforms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1881. [PMID: 32024908 PMCID: PMC7002768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gradual acidification of the secretory pathway is conserved and extremely important for eukaryotic cells, but until now there was no pH sensor available to monitor the pH of the early Golgi apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we developed a pHluorin-based sensor for in vivo measurements in the lumen of the Golgi. By using this new tool we show that the cis- and medial-Golgi pH is equal to 6.6–6.7 in wild type cells during exponential phase. As expected, V-ATPase inactivation results in a near neutral Golgi pH. We also uncover that surprisingly Vph1p isoform of the V-ATPase is prevalent to Stv1p for Golgi acidification. Additionally, we observe that during changes of the cytosolic pH, the Golgi pH is kept relatively stable, mainly thanks to the V-ATPase. Eventually, this new probe will allow to better understand the mechanisms involved in the acidification and the pH control within the secretory pathway.
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38
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Cagnac O, Baghour M, Jaime‐Pérez N, Aranda‐Sicilia MN, Sánchez‐Romero ME, Rodríguez‐Rosales MP, Venema K. Deletion of the N‐terminal domain of the yeast vacuolar (Na
+
,K
+
)/H
+
antiporter Vnx1p improves salt tolerance in yeast and transgenic
Arabidopsis. Yeast 2020; 37:173-185. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador Université Mohammed Premier Nador Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Kees Venema
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC Granada Spain
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39
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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40
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Bernardino RL, Carrageta DF, Sousa M, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. pH and male fertility: making sense on pH homeodynamics throughout the male reproductive tract. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3783-3800. [PMID: 31165202 PMCID: PMC11105638 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the male reproductive tract, ionic equilibrium is essential to maintain normal spermatozoa production and, hence, the reproductive potential. Among the several ions, HCO3- and H+ have a central role, mainly due to their role on pH homeostasis. In the male reproductive tract, the major players in pH regulation and homeodynamics are carbonic anhydrases (CAs), HCO3- membrane transporters (solute carrier 4-SLC4 and solute carrier 26-SLC26 family transporters), Na+-H+ exchangers (NHEs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1). CAs and these membrane transporters are widely distributed throughout the male reproductive tract, where they play essential roles in the ionic balance of tubular fluids. CAs are the enzymes responsible for the production of HCO3- which is then transported by membrane transporters to ensure the maturation, storage, and capacitation of the spermatozoa. The transport of H+ is carried out by NHEs, Hv1, and MCTs and is essential for the electrochemical balance and for the maintenance of the pH within the physiological limits along the male reproductive tract. Alterations in HCO3- production and transport of ions have been associated with some male reproductive dysfunctions. Herein, we present an up-to-date review on the distribution and role of the main intervenient on pH homeodynamics in the fluids throughout the male reproductive tract. In addition, we discuss their relevance for the establishment of the male reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Bernardino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Carrageta
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Institute for Innovation and Health Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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41
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Genome Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Gene Expression Analyses of Grapevine NHX Antiporters Suggest Their Involvement in Growth, Ripening, Seed Dormancy, and Stress Response. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:102-128. [PMID: 31286319 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant NHX antiporters are critical for cellular pH, Na+, and K+ homeostasis and salt tolerance. Even though their genomic and functional studies have been conducted in many species, the grapevine NHX family has not been described yet. Our work highlights the presence of six VvNHX genes whose phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification in two distinct groups: group I vacuolar (VvNHX1-5) and group II endosomal (VvNHX6). Several cis-acting regulatory elements related to tissue-specific expression, transcription factor binding, abiotic/biotic stresses response, and light regulation elements were identified in their promoter. Expression profile analyses of VvNHX genes showed variable transcription within organs and tissues with diverse patterns according to biochemical, environmental, and biotic treatments. All VvNHXs are involved in berry growth, except VvNHX5 that seems to be rather implicated in seed maturation. VvNHX4 would be more involved in floral development, while VvNHX2 and 3 display redundant roles. QPCR expression analyses of VvNHX1 showed its induction by NaCl and KNO3 treatments, whereas VvNHX6 was induced by ABA application and strongly repressed by PEG treatment. VvNHX1 plays a crucial role in a bunch of grape developmental steps and adaptation responses through mechanisms of phyto-hormonal signaling. Overall, VvNHX family members could be valuable candidate genes for grapevine improvement.
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42
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Abe M, Saito M, Tsukahara A, Shiokawa S, Ueno K, Shimamura H, Nagano M, Toshima JY, Toshima J. Functional complementation reveals that 9 of the 13 human V-ATPase subunits can functionally substitute for their yeast orthologs. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8273-8285. [PMID: 30952699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved proton pump responsible for acidification of intracellular organelles and potential drug target. It is a multisubunit complex comprising a cytoplasmic V1 domain responsible for ATP hydrolysis and a membrane-embedded Vo domain that contributes to proton translocation across the membrane. Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase is composed of 14 subunits, deletion of any one of which results in well-defined growth defects. As the structure of V-ATPase and the function of each subunit have been well-characterized in yeast, this organism has been recognized as a preferred model for studies of V-ATPases. In this study, to assess the functional relatedness of the yeast and human V-ATPase subunits, we investigated whether human V-ATPase subunits can complement calcium- or pH-sensitive growth, acidification of the vacuolar lumen, assembly of the V-ATPase complex, and protein sorting in yeast mutants lacking the equivalent yeast genes. These assessments revealed that 9 of the 13 human V-ATPase subunits can partially or fully complement the function of the corresponding yeast subunits. Importantly, sequence similarity was not necessarily correlated with functional complementation. We also found that besides all Vo domain subunits, the V1 F subunit is required for proper assembly of the Vo domain at the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the human H subunit fully restored the level of vacuolar acidification, but only partially rescued calcium-sensitive growth, suggesting a specific role of the H subunit in V-ATPase activity. These findings provide important insights into functional homologies between yeast and human V-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Abe
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Mayu Saito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Ayana Tsukahara
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Shuka Shiokawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Kazuma Ueno
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Hiroki Shimamura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Makoto Nagano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585
| | - Junko Y Toshima
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan.
| | - Jiro Toshima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585.
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43
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Dragwidge JM, Scholl S, Schumacher K, Gendall AR. NHX-type Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters are required for TGN/EE trafficking and endosomal ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226472. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of ion and pH homeostasis of endomembrane organelles is critical for functional protein trafficking, sorting and modification in eukaryotic cells. pH homeostasis is maintained through the activity of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) pumping protons (H+) into the endomembrane lumen, and counter-action by cation/proton exchangers such as the NHX family of Na+(K+)/H+ exchangers. In plants, V-ATPase activity at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) is important for secretory and endocytic trafficking, however the role of the endosomal antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 in endomembrane trafficking is unclear. Here we show through genetic, pharmacological, and live-cell imaging approaches that double knockout of NHX5 and NHX6 results in the impairment of endosome motility, protein recycling at the TGN/EE, but not in the secretion of integral membrane proteins. Furthermore, we report that nhx5 nhx6 mutants are partially insensitive to osmotic swelling of TGN/EE induced by the monovalent cation ionophore monensin, and to late endosomal swelling by the phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, demonstrating that NHX5 and NHX6 function to regulate the luminal cation composition of endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Richard Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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44
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Fuchs R, Stracke A, Holzmann V, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Meier-Allard N, Ebner N, Lassacher TM, Absenger-Novak M, Fröhlich E, Schittmayer M, Cano Crespo S, Palacin M, Rinner B, Birner-Gruenberger R. Prazosin induced lysosomal tubulation interferes with cytokinesis and the endocytic sorting of the tumour antigen CD98hc. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1211-1229. [PMID: 29909287 PMCID: PMC6070144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quinazoline based drug prazosin (PRZ) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells. We recently reported that PRZ enters cells via endocytosis and induces tubulation of the endolysosomal system. In a proteomics approach aimed at identifying potential membrane proteins with binding affinity to quinazolines, we detected the oncoprotein CD98hc. We confirmed shuttling of CD98hc towards lysosomes and upregulation of CD98hc expression in PRZ treated cells. Gene knockout (KO) experiments revealed that endocytosis of PRZ still occurs in the absence of CD98hc - suggesting that PRZ does not enter the cell via CD98hc but misroutes the protein towards tubular lysosomes. Lysosomal tubulation interfered with completion of cytokinesis and provoked endoreplication. CD98hc KO cells showed reduced endoreplication capacity and lower sensitivity towards PRZ induced apoptosis than wild type cells. Thus, loss of CD98hc does not affect endocytosis of PRZ and lysosomal tubulation, but the ability for endoreplication and survival of cells. Furthermore, we found that glutamine, lysomototropic agents - namely chloroquine and NH4Cl - as well as inhibition of v-ATPase, interfere with the intracellular transport of CD98hc. In summary, our study further emphasizes lysosomes as target organelles to inhibit proliferation and to induce cell death in cancer. Most importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that the intracellular trafficking of CD98hc can be modulated by small molecules. Since CD98hc is considered as a potential drug target in several types of human malignancies, our study possesses translational significance suggesting, that old drugs are able to act on a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fuchs
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anika Stracke
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria; FH JOANNEUM - University of Applied Sciences, Alte Poststraße 149, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerfried Luschin-Ebengreuth
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Ebner
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Teresa Maria Lassacher
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Absenger-Novak
- Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Cano Crespo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBERER, Parc Científic de Barcelona. Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBERER, Parc Científic de Barcelona. Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beate Rinner
- Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
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45
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Reifenrath M, Boles E. A superfolder variant of pH-sensitive pHluorin for in vivo pH measurements in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11985. [PMID: 30097598 PMCID: PMC6086885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are regulated via pH, and maintaining the pH of different organelles is crucial for cell survival. A pH-sensitive GFP variant, the so-called pHluorin, has proven to be a valuable tool to study the pH of the cytosol, mitochondria and other organelles in vivo. We found that the fluorescence intensity of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-targeted pHluorin in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was very low and barely showed pH sensitivity, probably due to misfolding in the oxidative environment of the ER. We therefore developed a superfolder variant of pHluorin which enabled us to monitor pH changes in the ER and the cytosol of S. cerevisiae in vivo. The superfolder pHluorin variant is likely to be functional in cells of different organisms as well as in additional compartments that originate from the secretory pathway like the Golgi apparatus and pre-vacuolar compartments, and therefore has a broad range of possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Reifenrath
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eckhard Boles
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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46
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Dragwidge JM, Ford BA, Ashnest JR, Das P, Gendall AR. Two Endosomal NHX-Type Na+/H+ Antiporters are Involved in Auxin-Mediated Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1660-1669. [PMID: 29788486 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the endosomal-localized Na+/H+ antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 regulate ion and pH homeostasis and are important for plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which these endosomal NHXs function in plant development is not well understood. Auxin modulates plant growth and development through the formation of concentration gradients in plant tissue to control cell division and expansion. Here, we identified a role for NHX5 and NHX6 in the establishment and maintenance of auxin gradients in embryo and root tissues. We observed developmental impairment and abnormal cell division in embryo and root tissues in the double knockout nhx5 nhx6, consistent with these tissues showing high expression of NHX5 and NHX6. Through confocal microscopy imaging with the DR5::GFP auxin reporter, we identify defects in the perception, accumulation and redistribution of auxin in nhx5 nhx6 cells. Furthermore, we find that the steady-state levels of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN2 are reduced in nhx5 nhx6 root cells. Our results demonstrate that NHX5 and NHX6 function in auxin-mediated plant development by maintaining PIN abundance at the plasma membrane, and provide new insight into the regulation of plant development by endosomal NHX antiporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Andrew Ford
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Joanne Rachel Ashnest
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Partha Das
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, India
| | - Anthony Richard Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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47
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Sze H, Chanroj S. Plant Endomembrane Dynamics: Studies of K +/H + Antiporters Provide Insights on the Effects of pH and Ion Homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:875-895. [PMID: 29691301 PMCID: PMC6053008 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants remodel their cells through the dynamic endomembrane system. Intracellular pH is important for membrane trafficking, but the determinants of pH homeostasis are poorly defined in plants. Electrogenic proton (H+) pumps depend on counter-ion fluxes to establish transmembrane pH gradients at the plasma membrane and endomembranes. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase-mediated acidification of the trans-Golgi network is crucial for secretion and membrane recycling. Pump and counter-ion fluxes are unlikely to fine-tune pH; rather, alkali cation/H+ antiporters, which can alter pH and/or cation homeostasis locally and transiently, are prime candidates. Plants have a large family of predicted cation/H+ exchangers (CHX) of obscure function, in addition to the well-studied K+(Na+)/H+ exchangers (NHX). Here, we review the regulation of cytosolic and vacuolar pH, highlighting the similarities and distinctions of NHX and CHX members. In planta, alkalinization of the trans-Golgi network or vacuole by NHXs promotes membrane trafficking, endocytosis, cell expansion, and growth. CHXs localize to endomembranes and/or the plasma membrane and contribute to male fertility, pollen tube guidance, pollen wall construction, stomatal opening, and, in soybean (Glycine max), tolerance to salt stress. Three-dimensional structural models and mutagenesis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes have allowed us to infer that AtCHX17 and AtNHX1 share a global architecture and a translocation core like bacterial Na+/H+ antiporters. Yet, the presence of distinct residues suggests that some CHXs differ from NHXs in pH sensing and electrogenicity. How H+ pumps, counter-ion fluxes, and cation/H+ antiporters are linked with signaling and membrane trafficking to remodel membranes and cell walls awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Salil Chanroj
- Department of Biotechnology, Burapha University, Chon-Buri 20131, Thailand
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48
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Kroschwald S, Munder MC, Maharana S, Franzmann TM, Richter D, Ruer M, Hyman AA, Alberti S. Different Material States of Pub1 Condensates Define Distinct Modes of Stress Adaptation and Recovery. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3327-3339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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49
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Kerner-Rossi M, Gulinello M, Walkley S, Dobrenis K. Pathobiology of Christianson syndrome: Linking disrupted endosomal-lysosomal function with intellectual disability and sensory impairments. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106867. [PMID: 29772390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Christianson syndrome (CS) is a recently described rare neurogenetic disorder presenting early in life with a broad range of neurological symptoms, including severe intellectual disability with nonverbal status, hyperactivity, epilepsy, and progressive ataxia due to cerebellar atrophy. CS is due to loss-of-function mutations in SLC9A6, encoding NHE6, a sodium-hydrogen exchanger involved in the regulation of early endosomal pH. Here we review what is currently known about the neuropathogenesis of CS, based on insights from experimental models, which to date have focused on mechanisms that affect the CNS, specifically the brain. In addition, parental reports of sensory disturbances in their children with CS, including an apparent insensitivity to pain, led us to explore sensory function and related neuropathology in Slc9a6 KO mice. We present new data showing sensory deficits in Slc9a6 KO mice, which had reduced behavioral responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli (Hargreaves and Von Frey assays, respectively) compared to wild type (WT) littermates. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system revealed intracellular accumulation of the glycosphingolipid GM2 ganglioside in KO but not WT mice. This cellular storage phenotype was most abundant in neurons of lamina I-II of the dorsal horn, a major relay site in the processing of painful stimuli. Spinal cords of KO mice also exhibited changes in astroglial and microglial populations throughout the gray matter suggestive of a neuroinflammatory process. Our findings establish the Slc9a6 KO mouse as a relevant tool for studying the sensory deficits in CS, and highlight selective vulnerabilities in relevant cell populations that may contribute to this phenotype. How NHE6 loss of function leads to such a multifaceted neurological syndrome is still undefined, and it is likely that NHE6 is involved with many cellular processes critical to normal nervous system development and function. In addition, the sensory issues exhibited by Slc9a6 KO mice, in combination with our neuropathological findings, are consistent with NHE6 loss of function impacting the entire nervous system. Sensory dysfunction in intellectually disabled individuals is challenging to assess and may impair patient safety and quality of life. Further mechanistic studies of the neurological impairments underlying CS and other genetic intellectual disability disorders must also take into account mechanisms affecting broader nervous system function in order to understand the full range of associated disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Kerner-Rossi
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; IDDRC Behavioral Core Facility, Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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50
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Hima Kumari P, Anil Kumar S, Ramesh K, Sudhakar Reddy P, Nagaraju M, Bhanu Prakash A, Shah T, Henderson A, Srivastava RK, Rajasheker G, Chitikineni A, Varshney RK, Rathnagiri P, Lakshmi Narasu M, Kavi Kishor PB. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Sodium Proton Antiporter (NHX) and Human Sodium Proton Exchanger (NHE) Homologs in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050236. [PMID: 29751546 PMCID: PMC5977176 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Na⁺ transporters play an important role during salt stress and development. The present study is aimed at genome-wide identification, in silico analysis of sodium-proton antiporter (NHX) and sodium-proton exchanger (NHE)-type transporters in Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns under varied abiotic stress conditions. In Sorghum, seven NHX and nine NHE homologs were identified. Amiloride (a known inhibitor of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity) binding motif was noticed in both types of the transporters. Chromosome 2 was found to be a hotspot region with five sodium transporters. Phylogenetic analysis inferred six ortholog and three paralog groups. To gain an insight into functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporters, real-time gene expression was performed under salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses in embryo, root, stem, and leaf tissues. Expression patterns revealed that both SbNHXs and SbNHEs are responsive either to single or multiple abiotic stresses. The predicted protein⁻protein interaction networks revealed that only SbNHX7 is involved in the calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)- CBL interacting protein kinases (CIPK) pathway. The study provides insights into the functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporter genes with tissue specific expressions in Sorghum under different abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - Katam Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - M Nagaraju
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Bhanu Prakash
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Trushar Shah
- IITA-Kenya c/o International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Ashley Henderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, KS 66067, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - G Rajasheker
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - P Rathnagiri
- Genomix CARL Pvt. Ltd. Rayalapuram Road, Pulivendula, 516 390, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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