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Oeler KJ, Blackmon RL, Kreda SM, Robinson T, Ghelardini M, Chapman BS, Tracy J, Hill DB, Oldenburg AL. In situ pulmonary mucus hydration assay using rotational and translational diffusion of gold nanorods with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:046004. [PMID: 38690122 PMCID: PMC11060333 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.4.046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance Assessing the nanostructure of polymer solutions and biofluids is broadly useful for understanding drug delivery and disease progression and for monitoring therapy. Aim Our objective is to quantify bronchial mucus solids concentration (wt. %) during hypertonic saline (HTS) treatment in vitro via nanostructurally constrained diffusion of gold nanorods (GNRs) monitored by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Approach Using PS-OCT, we quantified GNR translational (D T ) and rotational (D R ) diffusion coefficients within polyethylene oxide solutions (0 to 3 wt. %) and human bronchial epithelial cell (hBEC) mucus (0 to 6.4 wt. %). Interpolation of D T and D R data is used to develop an assay to quantify mucus concentration. The assay is demonstrated on the mucus layer of an air-liquid interface hBEC culture during HTS treatment. Results In polymer solutions and mucus, D T and D R monotonically decrease with increasing concentration. D R is more sensitive than D T to changes above 1.5 wt. % of mucus and exhibits less intrasample variability. Mucus on HTS-treated hBEC cultures exhibits dynamic mixing from cilia. A region of hard-packed mucus is revealed by D R measurements. Conclusions The extended dynamic range afforded by simultaneous measurement of D T and D R of GNRs using PS-OCT enables resolving concentration of the bronchial mucus layer over a range from healthy to disease in depth and time during HTS treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J. Oeler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Richard L. Blackmon
- Elon University, Department of Engineering, Elon, North Carolina, United States
| | - Silvia M. Kreda
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Taylor Robinson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Melanie Ghelardini
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Brian S. Chapman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph Tracy
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - David B. Hill
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Amy L. Oldenburg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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2
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Tkemaladze T, Kvaratskhelia E, Ghughunishvili M, Rtskhiladze I, Zaalishvili Z, Nakaidze N, Lentze MJ, Abzianidze E, Skrahina V, Rolfs A. Additional evidence on the phenotype produced by combination of CFTR 1677delTA alleles and their relevance in causing CFTR-related disease. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231177163. [PMID: 37274939 PMCID: PMC10233568 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231177163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most common, life-threatening, autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, which encodes a chloride ion channel expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. There are more than 2000 variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene reported worldwide. Some of these variants cause classic cystic fibrosis, while others are labeled as variants of unknown significance or variants of varying clinical consequences alleles and associated with atypical disease or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related disorders. Although these alleles do not directly cause cystic fibrosis, they may predispose compound heterozygous patients to certain clinical phenotypes. Specifically, 1677delTA has been reported as a pathogenic allele in homozygous state or in combination with other cystic fibrosis-causing alleles. However, the L997F allele is considered to be benign or causative of non-classic cystic fibrosis or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related disorders in combination with other pathogenic alleles. In this case series, we describe three cases with 1677delTA and L997F genotype, and speculate that a co-concurrence of these two alleles in trans does not cause classic cystic fibrosis symptoms; however, because the late-onset of cystic fibrosis is possible in the presence of rare alleles, such as L997F, longer follow-up of these patients and identification of a greater number of adults with 1677delTA/L997F genotype are necessary to make final conclusion about the nature of this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinatin Tkemaladze
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Givi Zhvania
Pediatric Academic Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Kvaratskhelia
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Bakhutashvili Institute of Medical
Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Ghughunishvili
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Givi Zhvania
Pediatric Academic Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Zurab Zaalishvili
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nata Nakaidze
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael J Lentze
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s
Hospital Medical Center, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elene Abzianidze
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Volha Skrahina
- Centogene GmbH, Rostock, Germany
- Arcensus GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Centogene GmbH, Rostock, Germany
- Arcensus GmbH, Rostock, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Rostock,
Rostock, Germany
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3
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Januska MN, Walsh MJ. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals New Basic and Translational Insights in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:131-139. [PMID: 36194688 PMCID: PMC9986558 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0038tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, with the majority of morbidity and mortality extending from lung disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been leveraged in the lung and elsewhere in the body to articulate discrete cell populations, describing cell types, states, and lineages as well as their roles in health and disease. In this translational review, we provide an overview of the current applications of scRNA-seq to the study of the normal and CF lungs, allowing the beginning of a new cellular and molecular narrative of CF lung disease, and we highlight some of the future opportunities to further leverage scRNA-seq and complementary single-cell technologies in the study of CF as we bridge from scientific understanding to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Januska
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Martin J. Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
- Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, New York, New York
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4
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Stanke F, Pallenberg ST, Tamm S, Hedtfeld S, Eichhorn EM, Minso R, Hansen G, Welte T, Sauer-Heilborn A, Ringshausen FC, Junge S, Tümmler B, Dittrich AM. Changes in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression prior to and during elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114584. [PMID: 36778025 PMCID: PMC9911415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Defects in expression, maturation or function of the epithelial membrane glycoprotein CFTR are causative for the progressive disease cystic fibrosis. Recently, molecular therapeutics that improve CFTR maturation and functional defects have been approved. We aimed to verify whether we could detect an improvement of CFTR protein expression and maturation by triple therapy with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA). Methods: Rectal suction biopsies of 21 p.Phe508del homozygous or compound heterozygous CF patients obtained pre- and during treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA were analyzed by CFTR Western blot that was optimized to distinguish CFTR glycoisoforms. Findings: CFTR western immunoblot analysis revealed that-compared to baseline-the levels of CFTR protein increased by at least twofold in eight out of 12 patients upon treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA compared to baseline (p < 0.02). However, polydispersity of the mutant CFTR protein was lower than that of the fully glycosylated wild type CFTR Golgi isoform, indicating an incompletely glycosylated p.Phe508el CFTR protein isoform C* in patients with CF which persists after ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment. Interpretation: Treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA increased protein expression by facilitating the posttranslational processing of mutant CFTR but apparently did not succeed in generating the polydisperse spectrum of N-linked oligosaccharides that is characteristic for the wild type CFTR band C glycoisoform. Our results caution that the lower amounts or immature glycosylation of the C* glycoisoform observed in patients' biomaterial might not translate to fully restored function of mutant CFTR necessary for long-term provision of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Stanke
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,*Correspondence: Frauke Stanke,
| | - Sophia T. Pallenberg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Tamm
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Hedtfeld
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ella M. Eichhorn
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Minso
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Felix C. Ringshausen
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle Junge
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Sui H, Xu X, Su Y, Gong Z, Yao M, Liu X, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Bai T, Wang J, Zhang J, Xu C, Luo M. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: Challenges and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015926. [PMID: 36304167 PMCID: PMC9592762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in a single gene encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF effects multiple organs, and lung disease is the primary cause of mortality. The median age at death from CF is in the early forties. CF was one of the first diseases to be considered for gene therapy, and efforts focused on treating CF lung disease began shortly after the CFTR gene was identified in 1989. However, despite the quickly established proof-of-concept for CFTR gene transfer in vitro and in clinical trials in 1990s, to date, 36 CF gene therapy clinical trials involving ∼600 patients with CF have yet to achieve their desired outcomes. The long journey to pursue gene therapy as a cure for CF encountered more difficulties than originally anticipated, but immense progress has been made in the past decade in the developments of next generation airway transduction viral vectors and CF animal models that reproduced human CF disease phenotypes. In this review, we look back at the history for the lessons learned from previous clinical trials and summarize the recent advances in the research for CF gene therapy, including the emerging CRISPR-based gene editing strategies. We also discuss the airway transduction vectors, large animal CF models, the complexity of CF pathogenesis and heterogeneity of CFTR expression in airway epithelium, which are the major challenges to the implementation of a successful CF gene therapy, and highlight the future opportunities and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqing Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minhua Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyao Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianhao Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Junzuo Wang
- The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Changlong Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People’s Hospital, Nanning, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
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6
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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7
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Mucins and CFTR: Their Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810232. [PMID: 36142171 PMCID: PMC9499620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a critical defense mechanism for the lungs governed by regionally coordinated epithelial cellular activities, including mucin secretion, cilia beating, and transepithelial ion transport. Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, is characterized by failed mucociliary clearance due to abnormal mucus biophysical properties. In recent years, with the development of highly effective modulator therapies, the quality of life of a significant number of people living with CF has greatly improved; however, further understanding the cellular biology relevant to CFTR and airway mucus biochemical interactions are necessary to develop novel therapies aimed at restoring CFTR gene expression in the lungs. In this article, we discuss recent advances of transcriptome analysis at single-cell levels that revealed a heretofore unanticipated close relationship between secretory MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins and CFTR in the lungs. In addition, we review recent findings on airway mucus biochemical and biophysical properties, focusing on how mucin secretion and CFTR-mediated ion transport are integrated to maintain airway mucus homeostasis in health and how CFTR dysfunction and restoration of function affect mucus properties.
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8
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Kreda SM. Oligonucleotide-based therapies for cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102271. [PMID: 35988291 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the clinically successful era of CFTR modulators and Theratyping, 10-20% of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) may develop disease due to CFTR mutations that remain undruggable. These individuals produce low levels of CFTR mRNA and/or not enough protein to be rescued with modulator drugs. Alternative therapeutic approaches to correct the CFTR defect at the mRNA level using nucleic acid technologies are currently feasible; e.g., oligonucleotides platforms, which are being rapidly developed to correct genetic disorders. Drug-like properties, great specificity, and predictable off-target effects by design make oligonucleotides a valuable approach with fewer clinical and ethical challenges than genomic editing strategies. Together with personalized and precision medicine approaches, oligonucleotides are ideal therapeutics to target CF-causing mutations that affect only a few individuals resilient to modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Kreda
- Marsico Lung Institute / Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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9
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Differential CFTR-Interactome Proximity Labeling Procedures Identify Enrichment in Multiple SLC Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168937. [PMID: 36012204 PMCID: PMC9408702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins interacting with CFTR and its mutants have been intensively studied using different experimental approaches. These studies provided information on the cellular processes leading to proper protein folding, routing to the plasma membrane, recycling, activation and degradation. Recently, new approaches have been developed based on the proximity labeling of protein partners or proteins in close vicinity and their subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. In this study, we evaluated TurboID- and APEX2-based proximity labeling of WT CFTR and compared the obtained data to those reported in databases. The CFTR-WT interactome was then compared to that of two CFTR (G551D and W1282X) mutants and the structurally unrelated potassium channel KCNK3. The two proximity labeling approaches identified both known and additional CFTR protein partners, including multiple SLC transporters. Proximity labeling approaches provided a more comprehensive picture of the CFTR interactome and improved our knowledge of the CFTR environment.
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10
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Saint-Criq V, Guequén A, Philp AR, Villanueva S, Apablaza T, Fernández-Moncada I, Mansilla A, Delpiano L, Ruminot I, Carrasco C, Gray MA, Flores CA. Inhibition of the sodium-dependent HCO 3- transporter SLC4A4, produces a cystic fibrosis-like airway disease phenotype. eLife 2022; 11:e75871. [PMID: 35635440 PMCID: PMC9173743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate secretion is a fundamental process involved in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Disruption of bicarbonate entry into airway lumen, as has been observed in cystic fibrosis, produces several defects in lung function due to thick mucus accumulation. Bicarbonate is critical for correct mucin deployment and there is increasing interest in understanding its role in airway physiology, particularly in the initiation of lung disease in children affected by cystic fibrosis, in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. The current model of anion secretion in mammalian airways consists of CFTR and TMEM16A as apical anion exit channels, with limited capacity for bicarbonate transport compared to chloride. However, both channels can couple to SLC26A4 anion exchanger to maximise bicarbonate secretion. Nevertheless, current models lack any details about the identity of the basolateral protein(s) responsible for bicarbonate uptake into airway epithelial cells. We report herein that the electrogenic, sodium-dependent, bicarbonate cotransporter, SLC4A4, is expressed in the basolateral membrane of human and mouse airways, and that it's pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing reduces bicarbonate secretion. In fully differentiated primary human airway cells cultures, SLC4A4 inhibition induced an acidification of the airways surface liquid and markedly reduced the capacity of cells to recover from an acid load. Studies in the Slc4a4-null mice revealed a previously unreported lung phenotype, characterized by mucus accumulation and reduced mucociliary clearance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the reduction of SLC4A4 function induced a CF-like phenotype, even when chloride secretion remained intact, highlighting the important role SLC4A4 plays in bicarbonate secretion and mammalian airway function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Anita Guequén
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Amber R Philp
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | | | - Tábata Apablaza
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | | | - Agustín Mansilla
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Livia Delpiano
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Iván Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad San SebastiánValdiviaChile
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Subdepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Base de ValdiviaValdiviaChile
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Carlos A Flores
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad San SebastiánValdiviaChile
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11
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Cabrini G, Rimessi A, Borgatti M, Pinton P, Gambari R. Overview of CF lung pathophysiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102214. [PMID: 35453033 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients. The introduction of CFTR modulators, novel drugs directly intervening to rescue the function of CFTR protein, opens a new era of experimental research. The review summarizes the most recent advancements to understand the characteristics of the infective and inflammatory pathology of CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Brusa I, Sondo E, Falchi F, Pedemonte N, Roberti M, Cavalli A. Proteostasis Regulators in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5212-5243. [PMID: 35377645 PMCID: PMC9014417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) leads to misfolding and premature degradation of the mutant protein. These defects can be targeted with pharmacological agents named potentiators and correctors. During the past years, several efforts have been devoted to develop and approve new effective molecules. However, their clinical use remains limited, as they fail to fully restore F508del-CFTR biological function. Indeed, the search for CFTR correctors with different and additive mechanisms has recently increased. Among them, drugs that modulate the CFTR proteostasis environment are particularly attractive to enhance therapy effectiveness further. This Perspective focuses on reviewing the recent progress in discovering CFTR proteostasis regulators, mainly describing the design, chemical structure, and structure-activity relationships. The opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this emerging and promising field of research are discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Brusa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
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13
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Balázs A, Millar-Büchner P, Mülleder M, Farztdinov V, Szyrwiel L, Addante A, Kuppe A, Rubil T, Drescher M, Seidel K, Stricker S, Eils R, Lehmann I, Sawitzki B, Röhmel J, Ralser M, Mall MA. Age-Related Differences in Structure and Function of Nasal Epithelial Cultures From Healthy Children and Elderly People. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822437. [PMID: 35296085 PMCID: PMC8918506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium represents the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, allergens, and irritants and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of acute and chronic airways diseases. Despite age-dependent clinical phenotypes triggered by these noxious stimuli, little is known about how aging affects the structure and function of the airway epithelium that is crucial for lung homeostasis and host defense. The aim of this study was therefore to determine age-related differences in structural and functional properties of primary nasal epithelial cultures from healthy children and non-smoking elderly people. To achieve this goal, highly differentiated nasal epithelial cultures were established from nasal brushes at air–liquid interface and used to study epithelial cell type composition, mucin (MUC5AC and MUC5B) expression, and ion transport properties. Furthermore, we determined age-dependent molecular signatures using global proteomic analysis. We found lower numeric densities of ciliated cells and higher levels of MUC5AC expression in cultures from children vs. elderly people. Bioelectric studies showed no differences in basal ion transport properties, ENaC-mediated sodium absorption, or CFTR-mediated chloride transport, but detected decreased calcium-activated TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretory responses in cultures from children vs. elderly people. Proteome analysis identified distinct age-dependent molecular signatures associated with ciliation and mucin biosynthesis, as well as other pathways implicated in aging. Our data identified intrinsic, age-related differences in structure and function of the nasal epithelium and provide a basis for further studies on the role of these findings in age-dependent airways disease phenotypes observed with a spectrum of respiratory infections and other noxious stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anita Balázs, ; Marcus A. Mall,
| | - Pamela Millar-Büchner
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Farztdinov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukasz Szyrwiel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aditi Kuppe
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tihomir Rubil
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marika Drescher
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Chariteí - Universitaätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anita Balázs, ; Marcus A. Mall,
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14
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Liu L, Yamamoto A, Yamaguchi M, Taniguchi I, Nomura N, Nakakuki M, Kozawa Y, Fukuyasu T, Higuchi M, Niwa E, Tamada T, Ishiguro H. Bicarbonate transport of airway surface epithelia in luminally perfused mice bronchioles. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:4. [PMID: 35196991 PMCID: PMC10717372 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HCO3- secretion in distal airways is critical for airway mucosal defense. HCO3-/H+ transport across the apical membrane of airway surface epithelial cells was studied by measuring intracellular pH in luminally microperfused freshly dissected mice bronchioles. Functional studies demonstrated that CFTR, ENaC, Cl--HCO3- exchange, Na+-H+ exchange, and Na+-HCO3- cotransport are involved in apical HCO3-/H+ transport. RT-PCR of isolated bronchioles detected fragments from Cftr, α, β, γ subunits of ENaC, Ae2, Ae3, NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NDCBE, NBCn2, Nhe1, Nhe2, Nhe4, Nhe5, Slc26a4, Slc26a6, and Slc26a9. We assume that continuous decline of intracellular pH following alkaline load demonstrates time course of HCO3- secretion into the lumen which is perfused with a HCO3--free solution. Forskolin-stimulated HCO3- secretion was substantially inhibited by luminal application of CFTRinh-172 (5 μM), H2DIDS (200 μM), and amiloride (1 μM). In bronchioles from a cystic fibrosis mouse model, basal and acetylcholine-stimulated HCO3- secretion was substantially impaired, but forskolin transiently accelerated HCO3- secretion of which the magnitude was comparable to wild-type bronchioles. In conclusion, we have characterized apical HCO3-/H+ transport in native bronchioles. We have demonstrated that cAMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated pathways are involved in HCO3- secretion and that apical HCO3- secretion is largely mediated by CFTR and H2DIDS-sensitive Cl--HCO3- exchanger, most likely Slc26a9. The impairment of HCO3- secretion in bronchioles from a cystic fibrosis mouse model may be related to the pathogenesis of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itsuka Taniguchi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Nomura
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakakuki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Kozawa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukuyasu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuko Higuchi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Erina Niwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness, and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho E5-2 (130), Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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15
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Shah VS, Chivukula RR, Lin B, Waghray A, Rajagopal J. Cystic Fibrosis and the Cells of the Airway Epithelium: What Are Ionocytes and What Do They Do? ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:23-46. [PMID: 34437820 PMCID: PMC10837786 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defects in an anion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, a new airway epithelial cell type has been discovered and dubbed the pulmonary ionocyte. Unexpectedly, these ionocytes express higher levels of CFTR than any other airway epithelial cell type. However, ionocytes are not the sole CFTR-expressing airway epithelial cells, and CF-associated disease genes are in fact expressed in multiple airway epithelial cell types. The experimental depletion of ionocytes perturbs epithelial physiology in the mouse trachea, but the role of these rare cells in the pathogenesis of human CF remains mysterious. Ionocytes have been described in diverse tissues(kidney and inner ear) and species (frog and fish). We draw on these prior studies to suggest potential roles of airway ionocytes in health and disease. A complete understanding of ionocytes in the mammalian airway will ultimately depend on cell type-specific genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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16
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Sato Y, Mustafina KR, Luo Y, Martini C, Thomas DY, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Nonspecific binding of common anti-CFTR antibodies in ciliated cells of human airway epithelium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23256. [PMID: 34853321 PMCID: PMC8636639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel is highly expressed at the apical pole of ciliated cells in human bronchial epithelium (HBE), however recent studies have detected little CFTR mRNA in those cells. To understand this discrepancy we immunostained well differentiated primary HBE cells using CFTR antibodies. We confirmed apical immunofluorescence in ciliated cells and quantified the covariance of the fluorescence signals and that of an antibody against the ciliary marker centrin-2 using image cross-correlation spectroscopy (ICCS). Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging localized the immunofluorescence in distinct clusters at the bases of the cilia. However, similar apical fluorescence was observed when the monoclonal CFTR antibodies 596, 528 and 769 were used to immunostain ciliated cells expressing F508del-CFTR, or cells lacking CFTR due to a Class I mutation. A BLAST search using the CFTR epitope identified a similar amino acid sequence in the ciliary protein rootletin X1. Its expression level correlated with the intensity of immunostaining by CFTR antibodies and it was detected by 596 antibody after transfection into CFBE cells. These results may explain the high apparent expression of CFTR in ciliated cells and reports of anomalous apical immunofluorescence in well differentiated cells that express F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kamila R Mustafina
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yishan Luo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carolina Martini
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. .,Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada.
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17
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Singh R, Smit RB, Wang X, Wang C, Racher H, Hansen D. Reduction of Derlin activity suppresses Notch-dependent tumours in the C. elegans germ line. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009687. [PMID: 34555015 PMCID: PMC8491880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating the balance between self-renewal (proliferation) and differentiation is key to the long-term functioning of all stem cell pools. In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, the primary signal controlling this balance is the conserved Notch signaling pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in the GLP-1/Notch receptor cause increased stem cell self-renewal, resulting in a tumour of proliferating germline stem cells. Notch gain-of-function mutations activate the receptor, even in the presence of little or no ligand, and have been associated with many human diseases, including cancers. We demonstrate that reduction in CUP-2 and DER-2 function, which are Derlin family proteins that function in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), suppresses the C. elegans germline over-proliferation phenotype associated with glp-1(gain-of-function) mutations. We further demonstrate that their reduction does not suppress other mutations that cause over-proliferation, suggesting that over-proliferation suppression due to loss of Derlin activity is specific to glp-1/Notch (gain-of-function) mutations. Reduction of CUP-2 Derlin activity reduces the expression of a read-out of GLP-1/Notch signaling, suggesting that the suppression of over-proliferation in Derlin loss-of-function mutants is due to a reduction in the activity of the mutated GLP-1/Notch(GF) receptor. Over-proliferation suppression in cup-2 mutants is only seen when the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is functioning properly, suggesting that the suppression, and reduction in GLP-1/Notch signaling levels, observed in Derlin mutants may be the result of activation of the UPR. Chemically inducing ER stress also suppress glp-1(gf) over-proliferation but not other mutations that cause over-proliferation. Therefore, ER stress and activation of the UPR may help correct for increased GLP-1/Notch signaling levels, and associated over-proliferation, in the C. elegans germline. Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that is utilized in many cell fate decisions in many organisms. In the C. elegans germline, Notch signaling is the primary signal that regulates the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Notch gain-of-function mutations cause the receptor to be active, even when a signal that is normally needed to activate the receptor is absent. In the germline of C. elegans, gain-of-function mutations in GLP-1, a Notch receptor, results in over-proliferation of the stem cells and tumour formation. Here we demonstrate that a reduction or loss of Derlin activity, which is a conserved family of proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), suppresses over-proliferation due to GLP-1/Notch gain-of-function mutations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a surveillance mechanism utilized in cells to monitor and react to proteins that are not folded properly (Unfolded Protein Response-UPR) must be functioning well in order for the loss of Derlin activity to supress over-proliferation caused by glp-1/Notch gain-of-function mutations. This suggests that activation of the UPR may be the mechanism at work for suppressing this type of over-proliferation, when Derlin activity is reduced. Therefore, decreasing Derlin activity may be a means of reducing the impact of phenotypes and diseases due to certain Notch gain-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ryan B. Smit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Chris Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hilary Racher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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A 'tad' of hope in the fight against airway disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2347-2357. [PMID: 33079166 PMCID: PMC7614538 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus tadpoles have emerged as a powerful in vivo model system to study mucociliary epithelia such as those found in the human airways. The tadpole skin has mucin-secreting cells, motile multi-ciliated cells, ionocytes (control local ionic homeostasis) and basal stem cells. This cellular architecture is very similar to the large airways of the human lungs and represents an easily accessible and experimentally tractable model system to explore the molecular details of mucociliary epithelia. Each of the cell types in the tadpole skin has a human equivalent and a conserved network of genes and signalling pathways for their differentiation has been discovered. Great insight into the function of each of the cell types has been achieved using the Xenopus model and this has enhanced our understanding of airway disease. This simple model has already had a profound impact on the field but, as molecular technologies (e.g. gene editing and live imaging) continue to develop apace, its use for understanding individual cell types and their interactions will likely increase. For example, its small size and genetic tractability make it an ideal model for live imaging of a mucociliary surface especially during environmental challenges such as infection. Further potential exists for the mimicking of human genetic mutations that directly cause airway disease and for the pre-screening of drugs against novel therapeutic targets.
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19
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Okuda K, Dang H, Kobayashi Y, Carraro G, Nakano S, Chen G, Kato T, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Morton LC, Lee RE, Mascenik T, Yin WN, Barbosa Cardenas SM, O'Neal YK, Minnick CE, Chua M, Quinney NL, Gentzsch M, Anderson CW, Ghio A, Matsui H, Nagase T, Ostrowski LE, Grubb BR, Olsen JC, Randell SH, Stripp BR, Tata PR, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Secretory Cells Dominate Airway CFTR Expression and Function in Human Airway Superficial Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1275-1289. [PMID: 33321047 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3198oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Identification of the specific cell types expressing CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) is required for precision medicine therapies for CF. However, a full characterization of CFTR expression in normal human airway epithelia is missing. Objectives: To identify the cell types that contribute to CFTR expression and function within the proximal-distal axis of the normal human lung. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on freshly isolated human large and small airway epithelial cells. scRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and single-cell qRT-PCR were performed for validation. In vitro culture systems correlated CFTR function with cell types. Lentiviruses were used for cell type-specific transduction of wild-type CFTR in CF cells. Measurements and Main Results: scRNA-seq identified secretory cells as dominating CFTR expression in normal human large and, particularly, small airway superficial epithelia, followed by basal cells. Ionocytes expressed the highest CFTR levels but were rare, whereas the expression in ciliated cells was infrequent and low. scRNA ISH and single-cell qRT-PCR confirmed the scRNA-seq findings. CF lungs exhibited distributions of CFTR and ionocytes similar to those of normal control subjects. CFTR mediated Cl- secretion in cultures tracked secretory cell, but not ionocyte, densities. Furthermore, the nucleotide-purinergic regulatory system that controls CFTR-mediated hydration was associated with secretory cells and not with ionocytes. Lentiviral transduction of wild-type CFTR produced CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in CF airway secretory cells but not in ciliated cells. Conclusions: Secretory cells dominate CFTR expression and function in human airway superficial epithelia. CFTR therapies may need to restore CFTR function to multiple cell types, with a focus on secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Lisa C Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Carlton W Anderson
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Ghio
- Clinical Research Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- Center for Respiratory Disease, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - John C Olsen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
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20
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Barbry P, Marcet B, Caballero I. Where Is the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1214-1216. [PMID: 33428551 PMCID: PMC8456474 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202012-4434ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Barbry
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Brice Marcet
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS Sophia Antipolis, France
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21
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Dang Y, van Heusden C, Nickerson V, Chung F, Wang Y, Quinney NL, Gentzsch M, Randell SH, Moulton HM, Kole R, Ni A, Juliano RL, Kreda SM. Enhanced delivery of peptide-morpholino oligonucleotides with a small molecule to correct splicing defects in the lung. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6100-6113. [PMID: 34107015 PMCID: PMC8216463 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases offer many targets for oligonucleotide therapeutics. However, effective delivery of oligonucleotides to the lung is challenging. For example, splicing mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) affect a significant cohort of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. These individuals could potentially benefit from treatment with splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) that can modulate splicing of CFTR and restore its activity. However, previous studies in cell culture used oligonucleotide transfection methods that cannot be safely translated in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate effective correction of a splicing mutation in the lung of a mouse model using SSOs. Moreover, we also demonstrate effective correction of a CFTR splicing mutation in a pre-clinical CF patient-derived cell model. We utilized a highly effective delivery strategy for oligonucleotides by combining peptide-morpholino (PPMO) SSOs with small molecules termed OECs. PPMOs distribute broadly into the lung and other tissues while OECs potentiate the effects of oligonucleotides by releasing them from endosomal entrapment. The combined PPMO plus OEC approach proved to be effective both in CF patient cells and in vivo in the mouse lung and thus may offer a path to the development of novel therapeutics for splicing mutations in CF and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Catharina van Heusden
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Veronica Nickerson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Felicity Chung
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Nancy L Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Hong M Moulton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ryszard Kole
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4010 Genetic Medicine Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aiguo Ni
- Initos Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Silvia M Kreda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7248, USA
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22
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Harris A. Human molecular genetics and the long road to treating cystic fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R264-R273. [PMID: 34245257 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative gene in cystic fibrosis was identified in 1989, three years before the publication of the first issue of Human Molecular Genetics. CFTR was among the first genes underlying a common inherited disorder to be cloned, and hence its subsequent utilization towards a cure for CF provides a roadmap for other monogenic diseases. Over the past 30 years the advances that built upon knowledge of the gene and the CFTR protein to develop effective therapeutics have been remarkable, and yet the setbacks have also been challenging. Technological progress in other fields has often circumvented the barriers. This review focuses on key aspects of CF diagnostics and current approaches to develop new therapies for all CFTR mutations. It also highlights the major research advances that underpinned progress towards treatments, and considers the remaining obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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23
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Cystic Fibrosis Human Organs-on-a-Chip. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070747. [PMID: 34202364 PMCID: PMC8305167 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene: the gene product responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate ions through the apical membrane of most epithelial cells. Major clinical features of CF include respiratory failure, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and intestinal disease. Many CF animal models have been generated, but some models fail to fully capture the phenotypic manifestations of human CF disease. Other models that better capture the key characteristics of the human CF phenotype are cost prohibitive or require special care to maintain. Important differences have been reported between the pathophysiology seen in human CF patients and in animal models. These limitations present significant limitations to translational research. This review outlines the study of CF using patient-derived organs-on-a-chip to overcome some of these limitations. Recently developed microfluidic-based organs-on-a-chip provide a human experimental model that allows researchers to manipulate environmental factors and mimic in vivo conditions. These chips may be scaled to support pharmaceutical studies and may also be used to study organ systems and human disease. The use of these chips in CF discovery science enables researchers to avoid the barriers inherent in animal models and promote the advancement of personalized medicine.
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24
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Marquez Loza LI, Cooney AL, Dong Q, Randak CO, Rivella S, Sinn PL, McCray PB. Increased CFTR expression and function from an optimized lentiviral vector for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:94-106. [PMID: 33768133 PMCID: PMC7973238 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in cystic fibrosis (CF) treatments, a one-time treatment for this life-shortening disease remains elusive. Stable complementation of the disease-causing mutation with a normal copy of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene fulfills that goal. Integrating lentiviral vectors are well suited for this purpose, but widespread airway transduction in humans is limited by achievable titers and delivery barriers. Since airway epithelial cells are interconnected through gap junctions, small numbers of cells expressing supraphysiologic levels of CFTR could support sufficient channel function to rescue CF phenotypes. Here, we investigated promoter choice and CFTR codon optimization (coCFTR) as strategies to regulate CFTR expression. We evaluated two promoters-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and elongation factor 1-α (EF1α)-that have been safely used in clinical trials. We also compared the wild-type human CFTR sequence to three alternative coCFTR sequences generated by different algorithms. With the use of the CFTR-mediated anion current in primary human CF airway epithelia to quantify channel expression and function, we determined that EF1α produced greater currents than PGK and identified a coCFTR sequence that conferred significantly increased functional CFTR expression. Optimized promoter and CFTR sequences advance lentiviral vectors toward CF gene therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Marquez Loza
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ashley L. Cooney
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qian Dong
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christoph O. Randak
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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25
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Kerschner JL, Paranjapye A, NandyMazumdar M, Yin S, Leir SH, Harris A. OTX2 regulates CFTR expression during endoderm differentiation and occupies 3' cis-regulatory elements. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:684-700. [PMID: 33386644 PMCID: PMC11227118 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-specific and developmental mechanisms contribute to expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; however, its developmental regulation is poorly understood. Here we use human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into pseudostratified airway epithelial cells to study these mechanisms. RESULTS Changes in gene expression and open chromatin profiles were investigated by RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, and revealed that alterations in CFTR expression are associated with differences in stage-specific open chromatin. Additionally, two novel open chromatin regions, at +19.6 kb and +22.6 kb 3' to the CFTR translational stop signal, were observed in definitive endoderm (DE) cells, prior to an increase in CFTR expression in anterior foregut endoderm (AFE) cells. Chromatin studies in DE and AFE cells revealed enrichment of active enhancer marks and occupancy of OTX2 at these sites in DE cells. Loss of OTX2 in DE cells alters histone modifications across the CFTR locus and results in a 2.5-fold to 5-fold increase in CFTR expression. However, deletion of the +22.6 kb site alone does not affect CFTR expression in DE or AFE cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a network of interacting cis-regulatory elements recruit OTX2 to the locus to impact CFTR expression during early endoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Monali NandyMazumdar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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26
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Zajac M, Dreano E, Edwards A, Planelles G, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Airway Surface Liquid pH Regulation in Airway Epithelium Current Understandings and Gaps in Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3384. [PMID: 33806154 PMCID: PMC8037888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the mechanisms of acid and base secretion in airways has progressed recently. The aim of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation and their implication in lung diseases. Normal ASL is slightly acidic relative to the interstitium, and defects in ASL pH regulation are associated with various respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. Basolateral bicarbonate (HCO3-) entry occurs via the electrogenic, coupled transport of sodium (Na+) and HCO3-, and, together with carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity, provides HCO3- for apical secretion. The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport. Proton (H+) secretion into ASL is crucial to maintain its relative acidity compared to the blood. This is enabled by H+ apical secretion, mainly involving H+/K+ ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase that carry H+ against the electrochemical potential gradient. Paracellular HCO3- transport, the direction of which depends on the ASL pH value, acts as an ASL protective buffering mechanism. How the transepithelial transport of H+ and HCO3- is coordinated to tightly regulate ASL pH remains poorly understood, and should be the focus of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elise Dreano
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Gabrielle Planelles
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire de Physiologie rénale et Tubulopathies, CNRS ERL 8228, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
- Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, BT2 Belfast, Ireland
- European Respiratory Network Lung, 75006 Paris, France
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27
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Maule G, Ensinck M, Bulcaen M, Carlon MS. Rewriting CFTR to cure cystic fibrosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:185-224. [PMID: 34175042 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive monogenic disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Although F508del is the most frequent mutation, there are in total 360 confirmed disease-causing CFTR mutations, impairing CFTR production, function and stability. Currently, the only causal treatments available are CFTR correctors and potentiators that directly target the mutant protein. While these pharmacological advances and better symptomatic care have improved life expectancy of people with CF, none of these treatments provides a cure. The discovery and development of programmable nucleases, in particular CRISPR nucleases and derived systems, rekindled the field of CF gene therapy, offering the possibility of a permanent correction of the CFTR gene. In this review we will discuss different strategies to restore CFTR function via gene editing correction of CFTR mutations or enhanced CFTR expression, and address how best to deliver these treatments to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maule
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Trento, Italy
| | - Marjolein Ensinck
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Mattijs Bulcaen
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marianne S Carlon
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
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28
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Xu J, Livraghi-Butrico A, Hou X, Rajagopalan C, Zhang J, Song J, Jiang H, Wei HG, Wang H, Bouhamdan M, Ruan J, Yang D, Qiu Y, Xie Y, Barrett R, McClellan S, Mou H, Wu Q, Chen X, Rogers TD, Wilkinson KJ, Gilmore RC, Esther CR, Zaman K, Liang X, Sobolic M, Hazlett L, Zhang K, Frizzell RA, Gentzsch M, O'Neal WK, Grubb BR, Chen YE, Boucher RC, Sun F. Phenotypes of CF rabbits generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the CFTR gene. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139813. [PMID: 33232302 PMCID: PMC7821608 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing animal models of cystic fibrosis (CF) have provided key insights into CF pathogenesis but have been limited by short lifespans, absence of key phenotypes, and/or high maintenance costs. Here, we report the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of CF rabbits, a model with a relatively long lifespan and affordable maintenance and care costs. CF rabbits supplemented solely with oral osmotic laxative had a median survival of approximately 40 days and died of gastrointestinal disease, but therapeutic regimens directed toward restoring gastrointestinal transit extended median survival to approximately 80 days. Surrogate markers of exocrine pancreas disorders were found in CF rabbits with declining health. CFTR expression patterns in WT rabbit airways mimicked humans, with widespread distribution in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia, as well as proximal and distal lower airways. CF rabbits exhibited human CF–like abnormalities in the bioelectric properties of the nasal and tracheal epithelia. No spontaneous respiratory disease was detected in young CF rabbits. However, abnormal phenotypes were observed in surviving 1-year-old CF rabbits as compared with WT littermates, and these were especially evident in the nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium. The CF rabbit model may serve as a useful tool for understanding gut and lung CF pathogenesis and for the practical development of CF therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | | | - Jinxue Ruan
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yining Qiu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and
| | - Youming Xie
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | - Ronald Barrett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon McClellan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Troy D Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen J Wilkinson
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles R Esther
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Khalequz Zaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Research University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Linda Hazlett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvnia, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara R Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Kanner SA, Shuja Z, Choudhury P, Jain A, Colecraft HM. Targeted deubiquitination rescues distinct trafficking-deficient ion channelopathies. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1245-1253. [PMID: 33169015 PMCID: PMC9335257 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired protein stability/trafficking underlies diverse ion channelopathies and represents an unexploited unifying principle to develop common treatments for otherwise dissimilar diseases. Ubiquitination limits ion channel surface density, but targeting this pathway for basic study or therapy is challenging because of its prevalent role in proteostasis. We developed engineered deubiquitinases (enDUBs) that enable ubiquitin chain removal selectively from target proteins to rescue functional expression of disparate mutant ion channels underlying Long QT syndrome (LQT1) and cystic fibrosis (CF). In a LQT1 cardiomyocyte model, enDUB treatment restored delayed rectifier K+ currents and normalized action potential duration. CF-targeted enDUBs synergistically rescued common (F508del) and pharmacotherapy-resistant (N1303K) CF mutations when combined with the FDA-approved drugs, Orkambi and Trikafta. Altogether, targeted deubiquitination via enDUBs provides a powerful protein stabilization method that not only corrects diverse diseases caused by impaired ion channel trafficking, but also introduces a new tool for deconstructing the ubiquitin code in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Kanner
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zunaira Shuja
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Papiya Choudhury
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Henry M Colecraft
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Leir SH, Yin S, Kerschner JL, Cosme W, Harris A. An atlas of human proximal epididymis reveals cell-specific functions and distinct roles for CFTR. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000744. [PMID: 32855272 PMCID: PMC7471510 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa released from the testis are unable to fertilize an egg without a coordinated process of maturation in the lumen of the epididymis. Relatively little is known about the molecular events that integrate this critical progression along the male genital ducts in man. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing to construct an atlas of the human proximal epididymis. We find that the CFTR, which is pivotal in normal epididymis fluid transport, is most abundant in surface epithelial cells in the efferent ducts and in rare clear cells in the caput epididymis, suggesting region-specific functional properties. We reveal transcriptional signatures for multiple cell clusters, which identify the individual roles of principal, apical, narrow, basal, clear, halo, and stromal cells in the epididymis. A marked cell type-specific distribution of function is seen along the duct with local specialization of individual cell types integrating processes of sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wilmel Cosme
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Zarei K, Stroik MR, Gansemer ND, Thurman AL, Ostedgaard LS, Ernst SE, Thornell IM, Powers LS, Pezzulo AA, Meyerholz DK, Stoltz DA. Early pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis gallbladder disease in a porcine model. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1388-1399. [PMID: 32719544 PMCID: PMC7578062 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary disease causes significant morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet this problem remains understudied. We previously found that newborn CF pigs have microgallbladders with significant luminal obstruction in the absence of infection and consistent inflammation. In this study, we sought to better understand the early pathogenesis of CF pig gallbladder disease. We hypothesized that loss of CFTR would impair gallbladder epithelium anion/liquid secretion and increase mucin production. CFTR was expressed apically in non-CF pig gallbladder epithelium but was absent in CF. CF pig gallbladders lacked cAMP-stimulated anion transport. Using a novel gallbladder epithelial organoid model, we found that Cl- or HCO3- was sufficient for non-CF organoid swelling. This response was absent for non-CF organoids in Cl-/HCO3--free conditions and in CF. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed a single epithelial cell type in non-CF gallbladders that coexpressed CFTR, MUC5AC, and MUC5B. Despite CF gallbladders having increased luminal MUC5AC and MUC5B accumulation, there was no significant difference in the epithelial expression of gel-forming mucins between non-CF and CF pig gallbladders. In conclusion, these data suggest that loss of CFTR-mediated anion transport and fluid secretion contribute to microgallbladder development and luminal mucus accumulation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zarei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mallory R Stroik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nick D Gansemer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrew L Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lynda S Ostedgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sarah E Ernst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Linda S Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alejandro A Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Scudieri P, Musante I, Venturini A, Guidone D, Genovese M, Cresta F, Caci E, Palleschi A, Poeta M, Santamaria F, Ciciriello F, Lucidi V, Galietta LJV. Ionocytes and CFTR Chloride Channel Expression in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092090. [PMID: 32933106 PMCID: PMC7565890 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium contains ionocytes, a rare cell type with high expression of Forkhead Box I1 (FOXI1) transcription factor and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel that is defective in cystic fibrosis (CF). Our aim was to verify if ionocyte development is altered in CF and to investigate the relationship between ionocytes and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion. We collected nasal cells by brushing to determine ionocyte abundance. Nasal and bronchial cells were also expanded in vitro and reprogrammed to differentiated epithelia for morphological and functional studies. We found a relatively high (~3%) ionocyte abundance in ex vivo nasal samples, with no difference between CF and control individuals. In bronchi, ionocytes instead appeared very rarely as previously reported, thus suggesting a possible proximal-distal gradient in human airways. The difference between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells was maintained in culture, which suggests an epigenetic control of ionocyte development. In the differentiation phase of the culture procedure, we used two media that resulted in a different pattern of CFTR expression: confined to ionocytes or more broadly expressed. CFTR function was similar in both conditions, thus indicating that chloride secretion equally occurs irrespective of CFTR expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scudieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy; (P.S.); (I.M.)
- Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy; (P.S.); (I.M.)
- Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (A.V.); (D.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Guidone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (A.V.); (D.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (A.V.); (D.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Federico Cresta
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Caci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marco Poeta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabiana Ciciriello
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincenzina Lucidi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Roma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Luis J. V. Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (A.V.); (D.G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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King NE, Suzuki S, Barillà C, Hawkins FJ, Randell SH, Reynolds SD, Stripp BR, Davis BR. Correction of Airway Stem Cells: Genome Editing Approaches for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:956-972. [PMID: 32741223 PMCID: PMC7495916 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Although CF affects multiple organs, the primary cause of mortality is respiratory failure resulting from poor clearance of hyperviscous secretions and subsequent airway infection. Recently developed CFTR modulators provide significant therapeutic benefit to the majority of CF individuals. However, treatments directed at the underlying cause are needed for the ∼7% of CF patients who are not expected to be responsive to these modulators. Genome editing can restore the native CFTR genetic sequence and function to mutant cells, representing an approach to establish durable physiologic CFTR correction. Although editing the CFTR gene in various airway cell types may transiently restore CFTR activity, effort is focused on editing airway basal stem/progenitor cells, since their correction would allow appropriate and durable expression of CFTR in stem cell-derived epithelial cell types. Substantial progress has been made to directly correct airway basal cells in vitro, theoretically enabling transplantation of autologous corrected cells to regenerate an airway with CFTR functional cells. Another approach to create autologous, gene-edited airway basal cells is derivation of CF donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, correction of the CFTR gene, and subsequent directed differentiation to airway basal cells. Further work is needed to translate these advances by developing effective transplantation methods. Alternatively, gene editing in vivo may enable CFTR correction. However, this approach will require robust delivery methods ensuring that basal cells are efficiently targeted and corrected. Recent advances in gene editing-based therapies provide hope that the genetic underpinning of CF can be durably corrected in airway epithelial stem cells, thereby preventing or treating lung disease in all people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. King
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristina Barillà
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Finn J. Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan D. Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bradbury NA. Cystic Fibrosis and Genotype-Dependent Therapy: Is There a Need for a Sex-Specific Therapy? GENDER AND THE GENOME 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289720937025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulation (CFTR) anion channel. Loss of CFTR protein and/or function disrupts chloride, bicarbonate, and fluid transport and also impacts epithelial sodium transport. Such altered ion and fluid transport produces mucus obstruction, inflammation, pulmonary infection, and damage to multiple organs. Although an autosomal disease, it is apparent that gender differences in life expectancy and quality of life do exist. Conventionally established therapies have treated the downstream sequelae of CFTR dysfunction and have led to a steady increase in life expectancy. Physicians now have access to medications that treat the basic defect in CF, in the form of CFTR modulators. These drugs target the trafficking and/or function of CFTR to improve clinical outcomes for patients. This review summarizes the science behind CFTR modulators and shows how these drugs have dramatically changed how patients with CF are treated. Surprisingly, although the drug target(s) are identical in males and females, CF females seem to display a greater improvement than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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35
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Clunes LA, McMillan-Castanares N, Mehta N, Mesadieu A, Rodriguez J, Maj M, Clunes MT. Epithelial vectorial ion transport in cystic fibrosis: Dysfunction, measurement, and pharmacotherapy to target the primary deficit. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120933807. [PMID: 32637102 PMCID: PMC7323271 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120933807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis patients display multi-organ system dysfunction (e.g. pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung) with pathogenesis linked to a failure of Cl- secretion from the epithelial surfaces of these organs. If unmanaged, organ dysfunction starts early and patients experience chronic respiratory infection with reduced lung function and a failure to thrive due to gastrointestinal malabsorption. Early mortality is typically caused by respiratory failure. In the past 40 years of newborn screening and improved disease management have driven the median survival up from the mid-teens to 43-53, with most of that improvement coming from earlier and more aggressive management of the symptoms. In the last decade, promising pharmacotherapies have been developed for the correction of the underlying epithelial dysfunction, namely, Cl- secretion. A new generation of systemic drugs target the mutated Cl- channels in cystic fibrosis patients and allow trafficking of the immature mutated protein to the cell membrane (correctors), restore function to the channel once in situ (potentiators), or increase protein levels in the cells (amplifiers). Restoration of channel function prior to symptom development has the potential to significantly change the trajectory of disease progression and their evidence suggests that a modest restoration of Cl- secretion may delay disease progression by decades. In this article, we review epithelial vectorial ion and fluid transport, its quantification and measurement as a marker for cystic fibrosis ion transport dysfunction, and highlight some of the recent therapies targeted at the dysfunctional ion transport of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Clunes
- Department of Pharmacology, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | | | - Neil Mehta
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Afia Mesadieu
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Jorge Rodriguez
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Mary Maj
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Mark T Clunes
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
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36
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Houston CJ, Taggart CC, Downey DG. The role of inflammation in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:889-903. [PMID: 32544353 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1778469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic Fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations are critical events in the lives of people with CF that have deleterious effects on lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. There are significant unmet needs in the management of exacerbations. We review here the associated inflammatory changes that underlie these events and are of interest for the development of biomarkers of exacerbation. AREAS COVERED Inflammatory responses in CF are abnormal and contribute to a sustained proinflammatory lung microenvironment, abundant in proinflammatory mediators and deficient in counter-regulatory mediators that terminate and resolve inflammation. There is increasing interest in these inflammatory pathways to discover novel biomarkers for pulmonary exacerbation management. In this review, we explore the inflammatory changes occurring during intravenous antibiotic therapy for exacerbation and how they may be applied as biomarkers to guide exacerbation therapy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database in February 2020. EXPERT OPINION Heterogeneity in inflammatory responses to treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation, a disease process with complex pathophysiology, limits the clinical utility of individual biomarkers. Biomarker panels may be a more successful strategy to capture informative changes within the CF population to improve pulmonary exacerbation management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Houston
- Airway Innate Immunity Group (Aiir), Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Group (Aiir), Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland
| | - Damian G Downey
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland.,Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust , Belfast, UK
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37
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Tang Y, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. Viral Vectors, Animal Models, and Cellular Targets for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:524-537. [PMID: 32138545 PMCID: PMC7232698 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades since clinical trials tested the first use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, gene therapy for this disorder has undergone a tremendous resurgence. Fueling this enthusiasm has been an enhanced understanding of rAAV transduction biology and cellular processes that limit transduction of airway epithelia, the development of new rAAV serotypes and other vector systems with high-level tropism for airway epithelial cells, an improved understanding of CF lung pathogenesis and the cellular targets for gene therapy, and the development of new animal models that reproduce the human CF disease phenotype. These advances have created a preclinical path for both assessing the efficacy of gene therapies in the CF lung and interrogating the target cell types in the lung required for complementation of the CF disease state. Lessons learned from early gene therapy attempts with rAAV in the CF lung have guided thinking for the testing of next-generation vector systems. Although unknown questions still remain regarding the cellular targets in the lung that are required or sufficient to complement CF lung disease, the field is now well positioned to tackle these challenges. This review will highlight the role that next-generation CF animal models are playing in the preclinical development of gene therapies for CF lung disease and the knowledge gaps in disease pathophysiology that these models are attempting to fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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38
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Luan X, Tam JS, Jagadeeshan S, Grishchenko N, Hassan N, Gioino P, Shipley AM, Machen TE, Ianowski JP. Airway submucosal glands from cystic fibrosis swine suffer from abnormal ion transport across the serous acini, collecting duct, and ciliated duct. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L931-L942. [PMID: 32130033 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00219.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human airway is protected by an efficient innate defense mechanism that requires healthy secretion of airway surface liquid (ASL) to clear pathogens from the lungs. Most of the ASL in the upper airway is secreted by submucosal glands. In cystic fibrosis (CF), the function of airway submucosal glands is abnormal, and these abnormalities are attributed to anomalies in ion transport across the epithelia lining the different sections of the glands that function coordinately to produce the ASL. However, the ion transport properties of most of the anatomical regions of the gland have never been measured, and there is controversy regarding which segments express CFTR. This makes it difficult to determine the glandular abnormalities that may contribute to CF lung disease. Using a noninvasive, extracellular self-referencing ion-selective electrode technique, we characterized ion transport properties in all four segments of submucosal glands from wild-type and CFTR-/- swine. In wild-type airways, the serous acini, mucus tubules, and collecting ducts secrete Cl- and Na+ into the lumen in response to carbachol and forskolin stimulation. The ciliated duct also transports Cl- and Na+ but in the opposite direction, i.e., reabsorption from the ASL, which may contribute to lowering Na+ and Cl- activities in the secreted fluid. In CFTR-/- airways, the serous acini, collecting ducts, and ciliated ducts fail to transport ions after forskolin stimulation, resulting in the production of smaller volumes of ASL with normal Cl-, Na+, and K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Luan
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Julian S Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Santosh Jagadeeshan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nikolay Grishchenko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Noman Hassan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paula Gioino
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Terry E Machen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Barbry P, Cavard A, Chanson M, Jaffe AB, Plasschaert LW. Regeneration of airway epithelial cells to study rare cell states in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S42-S46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Paranjapye A, Ruffin M, Harris A, Corvol H. Genetic variation in CFTR and modifier loci may modulate cystic fibrosis disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S10-S14. [PMID: 31734115 PMCID: PMC7036019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), genetic variants within and outside the CFTR locus contribute to the variability of the disease severity. CFTR transcription is tightly regulated by cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control the three-dimensional structure of the locus, chromatin accessibility and transcription factor recruitment. Variants within these CREs may contribute to the pathophysiology and to the phenotypic heterogeneity by altering CFTR transcript abundance. In addition to the CREs, variants outside the CFTR locus, namely "modifiers genes", may also be associated with the clinical variability. This review addresses variants at the CFTR locus itself and CFTR CREs, together with the outcomes of the latest modifier gene studies with respect to the different CF phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France.
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41
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Secor PR, Burgener EB, Kinnersley M, Jennings LK, Roman-Cruz V, Popescu M, Van Belleghem JD, Haddock N, Copeland C, Michaels LA, de Vries CR, Chen Q, Pourtois J, Wheeler TJ, Milla CE, Bollyky PL. Pf Bacteriophage and Their Impact on Pseudomonas Virulence, Mammalian Immunity, and Chronic Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:244. [PMID: 32153575 PMCID: PMC7047154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pf bacteriophage are temperate phages that infect the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other settings. Pf and other temperate phages have evolved complex, mutualistic relationships with their bacterial hosts that impact both bacterial phenotypes and chronic infection. We and others have reported that Pf phages are a virulence factor that promote the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections in animal models and are associated with worse skin and lung infections in humans. Here we review the biology of Pf phage and what is known about its contributions to pathogenesis and clinical disease. First, we review the structure, genetics, and epidemiology of Pf phage. Next, we address the diverse and surprising ways that Pf phages contribute to P. aeruginosa phenotypes including effects on biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and motility. Then, we cover data indicating that Pf phages suppress mammalian immunity at sites of bacterial infection. Finally, we discuss recent literature implicating Pf in chronic P. aeruginosa infections in CF and other settings. Together, these reports suggest that Pf bacteriophage have direct effects on P. aeruginosa infections and that temperate phages are an exciting frontier in microbiology, immunology, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Burgener
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - M. Kinnersley
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Laura K. Jennings
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Valery Roman-Cruz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Medeea Popescu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonas D. Van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Naomi Haddock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Conner Copeland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lia A. Michaels
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Christiaan R. de Vries
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julie Pourtois
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Travis J. Wheeler
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Carlos E. Milla
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Kim D, Huang J, Billet A, Abu-Arish A, Goepp J, Matthes E, Tewfik MA, Frenkiel S, Hanrahan JW. Pendrin Mediates Bicarbonate Secretion and Enhances Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function in Airway Surface Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:705-716. [PMID: 30742493 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0158oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate facilitates mucin unpacking and bacterial killing; however, its transport mechanisms in the airways are not well understood. cAMP stimulates anion efflux through the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR; ABCC7) anion channel, and this is defective in CF. The anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) also mediates HCO3- efflux and is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we examined pendrin and CFTR expression and their contributions to HCO3- secretion by human nasal and bronchial epithelia. In native tissue, both proteins were most abundant at the apical pole of ciliated surface cells with little expression in submucosal glands. In well-differentiated primary nasal and bronchial cell cultures, IL-4 dramatically increased pendrin mRNA levels and apical immunostaining. Exposure to low-Cl- apical solution caused intracellular alkalinization (ΔpHi) that was enhanced fourfold by IL-4 pretreatment. ΔpHi was unaffected by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) or CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172, but was reduced by adenoviral shRNA targeting pendrin. Forskolin increased ΔpHi, and this stimulation was prevented by CFTRinh-172, implicating CFTR, yet forskolin only increased ΔpHi after pendrin expression had been induced by IL-4. The dependence of ΔpHi on pendrin suggests there is minimal electrical coupling between Cl- and HCO3- fluxes and that CFTR activation increases anion exchange-mediated HCO3- influx. Conversely, inducing pendrin expression increased forskolin-stimulated, CFTRinh-172-sensitive current by approximately twofold in epithelial and nonepithelial cells. We conclude that pendrin mediates most HCO3- secretion across airway surface epithelium during inflammation and enhances electrogenic Cl- secretion via CFTR, as described for other SLC26A transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusik Kim
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Junwei Huang
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Arnaud Billet
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Asmahan Abu-Arish
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Julie Goepp
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Marc A Tewfik
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | - Saul Frenkiel
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | - John W Hanrahan
- 1 Department of Physiology and.,2 Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and.,4 Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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43
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Forteza R, Ahsan MK, Cartón-García F, Arango D, Ameen NA, Salas PJ. Glucocorticoids and myosin5b loss of function induce heightened PKA signaling in addition to membrane traffic defects. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:3076-3089. [PMID: 31664880 PMCID: PMC6938243 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the nonconventional myosin Vb (Myo5b) result in microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) and massive secretory diarrhea that often begins at birth. Myo5b mutations disrupt the apical recycling endosome (ARE) and membrane traffic, resulting in reduced surface expression of apical membrane proteins. ARE disruption also results in constitutive phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 gain of function. In MVID, decreased surface expression of apical anion channels involved in Cl- extrusion, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), should reduce fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen. But the opposite phenotype is observed. To explain this contradiction and the onset of diarrhea, we hypothesized that signaling effects downstream from Myo5b loss of function synergize with higher levels of glucocorticoids to activate PKA and CFTR. Data from intestinal cell lines, human MVID, and Myo5b KO mouse intestine revealed changes in the subcellular redistribution of PKA activity to the apical pole, increased CFTR phosphorylation, and establishment of apical cAMP gradients in Myo5b-defective cells exposed to physiological levels of glucocorticoids. These cells also displayed net secretory fluid fluxes and transepithelial currents mainly from PKA-dependent Cl- secretion. We conclude that Myo5b defects result in PKA stimulation that activates residual channels on the surface when intestinal epithelia are exposed to glucocorticoids at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Forteza
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - M Kaimul Ahsan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Fernando Cartón-García
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadia A Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Pedro J Salas
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
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44
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Graeber SY, Dopfer C, Naehrlich L, Gyulumyan L, Scheuermann H, Hirtz S, Wege S, Mairbäurl H, Dorda M, Hyde R, Bagheri-Hanson A, Rueckes-Nilges C, Fischer S, Mall MA, Tümmler B. Effects of Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor Therapy on Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function in Phe508del Homozygous Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1433-1442. [PMID: 29327948 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201710-1983oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The combination of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) corrector lumacaftor with the potentiator ivacaftor has been approved for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. The phase 3 trials examined clinical outcomes but did not evaluate CFTR function in patients. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of lumacaftor-ivacaftor on biomarkers of CFTR function in Phe508del homozygous patients with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and older. METHODS This prospective observational study assessed clinical outcomes including FEV1% predicted and body mass index, and CFTR biomarkers including sweat chloride concentration, nasal potential difference, and intestinal current measurement before and 8-16 weeks after initiation of lumacaftor-ivacaftor. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 53 patients were enrolled in the study, and 52 patients had baseline and follow-up measurements. After initiation of lumacaftor-ivacaftor sweat chloride concentrations were reduced by 17.8 mmol/L (interquartile range [IQR], -25.9 to -6.1; P < 0.001), nasal potential difference showed partial rescue of CFTR function in nasal epithelia to a level of 10.2% (IQR, 0.0-26.1; P < 0.011), and intestinal current measurement showed functional improvement in rectal epithelia to a level of 17.7% of normal (IQR, 10.8-29.0; P < 0.001). All patients improved in at least one CFTR biomarker, but no correlations were found between CFTR biomarker responses and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Lumacaftor-ivacaftor results in partial rescue of Phe508del CFTR function to levels comparable to the lower range of CFTR activity found in patients with residual function mutations. Functional improvement was detected even in the absence of short-term improvement of FEV1% predicted and body mass index. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02807415).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Y Graeber
- 1 Department of Translational Pulmonology.,2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, and.,3 Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,4 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Dopfer
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and.,6 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Naehrlich
- 7 Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,8 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lena Gyulumyan
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and
| | | | | | - Sabine Wege
- 9 Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- 3 Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,9 Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and.,10 Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Dorda
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and.,6 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hyde
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and.,6 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Rueckes-Nilges
- 7 Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,8 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and.,6 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- 1 Department of Translational Pulmonology.,2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, and.,3 Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,4 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- 5 Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and.,6 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Alginate/Chitosan Particle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Pulmonary Applications. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080379. [PMID: 31382357 PMCID: PMC6722511 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex, potentially life-threatening disease that is most effectively treated through the administration of antibiotics (e.g., colistimethate sodium). Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most significant events in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis, and tobramycin is the treatment of choice for those patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection who are deteriorating despite regular administration of colistimethate sodium. Effective treatment can be challenging due to the accumulation of thickened mucus in the pulmonary environment, and here we describe the results of our investigation into the development of alginate/chitosan particles prepared via precipitation for such environments. Tobramycin loading and release from the alginate/chitosan particles was investigated, with evidence of both uptake and release of sufficient tobramycin to inhibit P. aeruginosa in vitro. Functionalisation of the alginate/chitosan particles with secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was shown to help inhibit the inflammatory response associated with lung infections (via inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity) and enhance their interaction with cystic fibrosis mucus (assayed via reduction of the depth of particle penetration into the mucus) in vitro, which have prospects to enhance their efficacy in vivo.
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46
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Widdicombe JH. Early studies on the surface epithelium of mammalian airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L486-L495. [PMID: 31313615 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00240.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article traces the beginnings of the various areas of physiological research on airway epithelium. First mentioned in 1600, it was not until 1834 that it was found to be ciliated. Goblet and basal cells were described in 1852, to be followed by ~10 other epithelial cell types (the most recent in 2018). It also contains nerve endings and resident leukocytes. Mucociliary clearance was documented in 1835, but the first studies on the ciliary beat cycle did not appear until 1890, and a definitive description was not published until 1981. It was established in 1932 that goblet cells in the cat trachea were unresponsive to cholinergic agents; but only since 1980 or so has any significant progress been made on what does cause them to degranulate. Active transfer of salts across epithelia creates local osmotic gradients that drive transepithelial water flows. Vectorial salt transport was first described for airway epithelium in 1968, and the associated volume flows were measured in 1981. Evidence that airway epithelium releases signaling molecules first appeared in 1981. Since then, scores of molecules have been identified. The pace of research in most areas increased dramatically after the development of confluent, polarized cultures of airway epithelium in the early 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Widdicombe
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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47
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Cooney AL, Singh BK, Loza LM, Thornell IM, Hippee CE, Powers LS, Ostedgaard LS, Meyerholz DK, Wohlford-Lenane C, Stoltz DA, B McCray P, Sinn PL. Widespread airway distribution and short-term phenotypic correction of cystic fibrosis pigs following aerosol delivery of piggyBac/adenovirus. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9591-9600. [PMID: 30165523 PMCID: PMC6182177 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Although CF affects multiple organ systems, chronic bacterial infections and inflammation in the lung are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in people with CF. Complementation with a functional CFTR gene repairs this defect, regardless of the disease-causing mutation. In this study, we used a gene delivery system termed piggyBac/adenovirus (Ad), which combines the delivery efficiency of an adenoviral-based vector with the persistent expression of a DNA transposon-based vector. We aerosolized piggyBac/Ad to the airways of pigs and observed widespread pulmonary distribution of vector. We quantified the regional distribution in the airways and observed transduction of large and small airway epithelial cells of non-CF pigs, with ∼30–50% of surface epithelial cells positive for GFP. We transduced multiple cell types including ciliated, non-ciliated, basal, and submucosal gland cells. In addition, we phenotypically corrected CF pigs following delivery of piggyBac/Ad expressing CFTR as measured by anion channel activity, airway surface liquid pH, and bacterial killing ability. Combining an integrating DNA transposon with adenoviral vector delivery is an efficient method for achieving functional CFTR correction from a single vector administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Cooney
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Marquez Loza
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Camilla E Hippee
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Linda S Powers
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lynda S Ostedgaard
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chris Wohlford-Lenane
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David A Stoltz
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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48
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Hisert KB, Liles WC, Manicone AM. A Flow Cytometric Method for Isolating Cystic Fibrosis Airway Macrophages from Expectorated Sputum. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:42-50. [PMID: 30742539 PMCID: PMC6604218 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0236ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research to understand the contribution of macrophages to nonresolving airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic suppurative airways diseases has been hindered by a lack of methods for isolating and studying these cells. With the development of technologies that can characterize small numbers of cells or individual cells, there is an even greater need for methodologies to isolate rare cells in heterogeneous specimens. Here, we describe a method that overcomes the technical obstacles imposed by sputum debris and apoptotic cells, and allows isolation of pure populations of macrophages from CF sputum. In addition to enhancing our ability to study human CF airway macrophages, this protocol can be adapted to study cells in sputum from other chronic suppurative lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and used for isolation of individual cells for single cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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49
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Kim D, Tseng HW, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Agonists that stimulate secretion promote the recruitment of CFTR into membrane lipid microdomains. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:834-849. [PMID: 31048413 PMCID: PMC6572005 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a tightly regulated anion channel that mediates secretion by epithelia and is mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis. CFTR forms macromolecular complexes with many proteins; however, little is known regarding its associations with membrane lipids or the regulation of its distribution and mobility at the cell surface. We report here that secretagogues (agonists that stimulate secretion) such as the peptide hormone vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and muscarinic agonist carbachol increase CFTR aggregation into cholesterol-dependent clusters, reduce CFTR lateral mobility within and between membrane microdomains, and trigger the fusion of clusters into large (3.0 µm2) ceramide-rich platforms. CFTR clusters are closely associated with motile cilia and with the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) that is constitutively bound on the cell surface. Platform induction is prevented by pretreating cells with cholesterol oxidase to disrupt lipid rafts or by exposure to the ASMase functional inhibitor amitriptyline or the membrane-impermeant reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Platforms are reversible, and their induction does not lead to an increase in apoptosis; however, blocking platform formation does prevent the increase in CFTR surface expression that normally occurs during VIP stimulation. These results demonstrate that CFTR is colocalized with motile cilia and reveal surprisingly robust regulation of CFTR distribution and lateral mobility, most likely through autocrine redox activation of extracellular ASMase. Formation of ceramide-rich platforms containing CFTR enhances transepithelial secretion and likely has other functions related to inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dusik Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hsin Wei Tseng
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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50
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Shamsuddin AKM, Quinton PM. Concurrent absorption and secretion of airway surface liquids and bicarbonate secretion in human bronchioles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L953-L960. [PMID: 30838869 PMCID: PMC6589593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00545.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although small airways account for the largest fraction of the total conducting airway surfaces, the epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport in small, native airway epithelia has not been well characterized. Investigations have been limited, no doubt, by the complex tissue architecture as well as by its inaccessibility, small dimensions, and lack of applicable assays, especially in human tissues. To better understand how the critically thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) is maintained, we applied a "capillary"-Ussing chamber (area ≈1 mm2) to measure ion transport properties of bronchioles with diameters of ~2 mm isolated from resected specimens of excised human lungs. We found that the small human airway, constitutively and concurrently, secretes and absorbs fluid as observed in porcine small airways (50). We found that the human bronchiolar epithelium is also highly anion selective and constitutively secretes bicarbonate ( HCO 3 - ), which can be enhanced pharmacologically by cAMP as well as Ca2+-mediated agonists. Concurrent secretion and absorption of surface liquid along with HCO 3 - secretion help explain how the delicate volume of the fluid lining the human small airway is physiologically buffered and maintained in a steady state that avoids desiccating or flooding the small airway with ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Shamsuddin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Paul M Quinton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California
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