1
|
Martins L, Amorim WW, Gregnani MF, de Carvalho Araújo R, Qadri F, Bader M, Pesquero JB. Kinin receptors regulate skeletal muscle regeneration: differential effects for B1 and B2 receptors. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1583-1601. [PMID: 37464053 PMCID: PMC10499706 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN After traumatic skeletal muscle injury, muscle healing is often incomplete and produces extensive fibrosis. Bradykinin (BK) reduces fibrosis in renal and cardiac damage models through the B2 receptor. The B1 receptor expression is induced by damage, and blocking of the kallikrein-kinin system seems to affect the progression of muscular dystrophy. We hypothesized that both kinin B1 and B2 receptors could play a differential role after traumatic muscle injury, and the lack of the B1 receptor could produce more cellular and molecular substrates for myogenesis and fewer substrates for fibrosis, leading to better muscle healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, tibialis anterior muscles of kinin receptor knockout animals were subjected to traumatic injury. Myogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and muscle functioning were evaluated. RESULTS Injured B1KO mice showed a faster healing progression of the injured area with a larger amount of central nucleated fiber post-injury when compared to control mice. In addition, they exhibited higher neovasculogenic capacity, maintaining optimal tissue perfusion for the post-injury phase; had higher amounts of myogenic markers with less inflammatory infiltrate and tissue destruction. This was followed by higher amounts of SMAD7 and lower amounts of p-SMAD2/3, which resulted in less fibrosis. In contrast, B2KO and B1B2KO mice showed more severe tissue destruction and excessive fibrosis. B1KO animals had better results in post-injury functional tests compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that injured skeletal muscle tissues have a better repair capacity with less fibrosis in the presence of B2 receptor and absence of B1 receptor, including better performances in functional tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martins
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAN), 3a Tylna St., 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 4th Floor, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Wallace Amorim
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araújo
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 6th Floor, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park Y, Gaddy M, Hyun M, Jones ME, Aslam HM, Lee MH. Genetic and Chemical Controls of Sperm Fate and Spermatocyte Dedifferentiation via PUF-8 and MPK-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030434. [PMID: 36766775 PMCID: PMC9913519 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the nematode C. elegans germline as a model system, we previously reported that PUF-8 (a PUF RNA-binding protein) and LIP-1 (a dual-specificity phosphatase) repress sperm fate at 20 °C and the dedifferentiation of spermatocytes into mitotic cells (termed "spermatocyte dedifferentiation") at 25 °C. Thus, double mutants lacking both PUF-8 and LIP-1 produce excess sperm at 20 °C, and their spermatocytes return to mitotically dividing cells via dedifferentiation at 25 °C, resulting in germline tumors. To gain insight into the molecular competence for spermatocyte dedifferentiation, we compared the germline phenotypes of three mutant strains that produce excess sperm-fem-3(q20gf), puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf), and puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15). Spermatocyte dedifferentiation was not observed in fem-3(q20gf) mutants, but it was more severe in puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) than in puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutants. These results suggest that MPK-1 (the C. elegans ERK1/2 MAPK ortholog) activation in the absence of PUF-8 is required to promote spermatocyte dedifferentiation. This idea was confirmed using Resveratrol (RSV), a potential activator of MPK-1 and ERK1/2 in C. elegans and human cells, respectively. Notably, spermatocyte dedifferentiation was significantly enhanced by RSV treatment in the absence of PUF-8, and its effect was blocked by mpk-1 RNAi. We, therefore, conclude that PUF-8 and MPK-1 are essential regulators for spermatocyte dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis. Since these regulators are broadly conserved, we suggest that similar regulatory circuitry may control cellular dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis in other organisms, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngyong Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Matthew Gaddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariah E. Jones
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Hafiz M. Aslam
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Myon Hee Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Besser RR, Bowles AC, Alassaf A, Carbonero D, Maciel R, Saporta M, Agarwal A. A Chemically Defined Common Medium for Culture of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Spinal Spheroids. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:605-619. [PMID: 33281990 PMCID: PMC7704992 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multicellular platforms and linked multi organ on chip devices are powerful tools for drug discovery, and basic mechanistic studies. Often, a critical constraint is defining a culture medium optimal for all cells present in the system. In this study, we focused on the key cells of the neuromuscular junction i.e., skeletal muscle and motor neurons. METHODS Formulation of a chemically defined medium for the co-culture of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived spinal spheroids (SpS) was optimized. C2C12 cells in 10 experimental media conditions and 2 topographies were evaluated over a 14-day maturation period to determine the ideal medium formulation for skeletal muscle tissue development. RESULTS During early maturation, overexpression of genes for myogenesis and myopathy was observed for several media conditions, corresponding to muscle delamination and death. Together, we identified 3 media formulations that allowed for more controlled differentiation, healthier muscle tissue, and long-term culture duration. This evidence was then used to select media formulations to culture SpS and subsequently assessed axonal growth. As axonal growth in SpS cultures was comparable in all selected media conditions, our data suggest that the neuronal basal medium with no added supplements is the ideal medium formulation for both cell types. CONCLUSIONS Optimization using both topographical cues and culture media formulations provides a comprehensive analyses of culture conditions that are vital to future applications for in vitro NMJ models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Besser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Annie C. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carbonero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Renata Maciel
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bellei B, Picardo M. Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100981. [PMID: 31733332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although senescence was originally described as an in vitro acquired cellular characteristic, it was recently recognized that senescence is physiologically and pathologically involved in aging and age-related diseases in vivo. The definition of cellular senescence has expanded to include the growth arrest caused by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage, inadequate mitochondria function, activated oncogene or tumor suppressor genes and oxidative stress. While senescence in normal aging involves various tissues over time and contributes to a decline in tissue function even with healthy aging, disease-induced premature senescence may be restricted to one or a few organs triggering a prolonged and more intense rate of accumulation of senescent cells than in normal aging. Organ-specific high senescence rate could lead to chronic diseases, especially in post-mitotic rich tissue. Recently, two opposite acquired pathological conditions related to skin pigmentation were described to be associated with premature senescence: vitiligo and melasma. In both cases, it was demonstrated that pathological dysfunctions are not restricted to melanocytes, the cell type responsible for melanin production and transport to surrounding keratinocytes. Similar to physiological melanogenesis, dermal and epidermal cells contribute directly and indirectly to deregulate skin pigmentation as a result of complex intercellular communication. Thus, despite senescence usually being reported as a uniform phenotype sharing the expression of characteristic markers, skin senescence involving mainly the dermal compartment and its paracrine function could be associated with the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions and with the exacerbated activity of melanocytes in the hyperpigmentation spots of melasma. This suggests that the difference may arise in melanocyte intrinsic differences and/or in highly defined microenvironment peculiarities poorly explored at the current state of the art. A similar dualistic phenotype has been attributed to intratumoral stromal cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts presenting a senescent-like phenotype which influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. Here, we present a framework dissecting senescent-related molecular alterations shared by vitiligo and melasma patients and we also discuss disease-specific differences representing new challenges for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates cardioprotection and the proliferative activity in the adult zebrafish heart. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:2. [PMID: 30701084 PMCID: PMC6345746 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish can regenerate their hearts after injury via proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The cell-cycle entry of zebrafish cardiac cells can also be stimulated through preconditioning by thoracotomy, a chest incision without myocardial damage. To identify effector genes of heart preconditioning, we performed transcriptome analysis of ventricles from thoracotomized zebrafish. This intervention led to enrichment of cardioprotective factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes, matrix proteins and components of LIFR/gp130 signaling. We identified that inhibition of the downstream signal transducer of the LIFR/gp130 pathway through treatment with Ruxolitinib, a specific JAK1/2 antagonist, suppressed the cellular effects of preconditioning. Activation of LIFR/gp130 signaling by a single injection of the ligand Cilliary Neurotrophic Factor, CNTF, was sufficient to trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation in the intact heart. In addition, CNTF induced other pro-regenerative processes, including expression of cardioprotective genes, activation of the epicardium, enhanced intramyocardial Collagen XII deposition and leucocyte recruitment. These effects were abrogated by the concomitant inhibition of the JAK/STAT activity. Mutation of the cntf gene suppressed the proliferative response of cardiomyocytes after thoracotomy. In the regenerating zebrafish heart, CNTF injection prior to ventricular cryoinjury improved the initiation of regeneration via reduced cell apoptosis and boosted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings reveal the molecular effectors of preconditioning and demonstrate that exogenous CNTF exerts beneficial regenerative effects by rendering the heart more resilient to injury and efficient in activation of the proliferative programs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Casey TM, Walker JF, Bhide K, Thimmapuram J, Schoonmaker JP. Global transcriptional differences in myokine and inflammatory genes in muscle of mature steer progeny are related to maternal lactation diet and muscle composition. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:884-892. [PMID: 30074426 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00060.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steer progeny suckled by cows fed a dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) diet the first 3 mo of lactation were heavier during feedlot finishing and had significantly lower marbling and larger longissimus muscles than steers suckled by cows fed a control diet (CON). These differences were profound in that progeny were managed and fed identically from weaning until finishing, and findings suggest that the suckling period established the developmental program of muscle composition. Here transcriptomes of longissimus muscle were measured by next-generation sequencing to investigate whether there were any developmental clues to the differences in marbling scores and muscle content between steers suckled by DDGS ( n = 5) vs. control (CON; n = 5) diet-fed cows during lactation. There were 809 genes differentially expressed ( P-adj<0.1) between CON and DDGS muscle. Of these 636 were upregulated and 173 downregulated in DDGS relative to CON. Overall the DDGS vs. CON muscle transcriptomic signature was promyogenic and antiadipogenic. In particular, myokines/satellite cell maintenance factors were found among upregulated (LIF, CNTF, FGFB1, EPHB1) genes. The antiadipogenic signature was typified by the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and receptors (IL1RAP, IL1RL2, IL13RA2, IL1F10), and downregulation of expression of inflammation/inflammatory cytokines and receptor (TNF, IL6R, CXCL9), which suggests a selection of differentiation pathways away from adipogenic line. The upregulation of TGFB, SPP1, and INHBA supports selection of fibroblast lineage of cells. Thus, the lactation phase of production can effect meat quality by affecting transcriptional signatures that favor myogenesis and depress inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. F. Walker
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - K. Bhide
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davies OG, Grover LM, Lewis MP, Liu Y. PDGF is a potent initiator of bone formation in a tissue engineered model of pathological ossification. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e355-e367. [PMID: 27696748 PMCID: PMC6084375 DOI: 10.1002/term.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition defined by the rapid formation of bone in soft tissues. What makes HO fascinating is first the rate at which bone is deposited, and second the fact that this bone is structurally and compositionally similar to that of a healthy adult. If the mechanisms governing HO are understood, they have the potential to be exploited for the development of potent osteoinductive therapies. With this aim, a tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle was used model to better understand the role of inflammation on this debilitating phenomenon. It was shown that myoblasts could be divided into two distinct populations: myogenic cells and undifferentiated ‘reserve’ cells. Gene expression analysis of myogenic and osteoregulatory markers confirmed that ‘reserve’ cells were primed for osteogenic differentiation but had a reduced capacity for myogenesis. Osteogenic differentiation was significantly enhanced in the presence of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and correlated with conversion to a Sca‐1+/CD73+ phenotype. Alizarin red staining showed that PDGF‐BB promoted significantly more mineral deposition than BMP2. Finally, it was shown that PDGF‐induced mineralization was blocked in the presence of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 1. In conclusion, the present study identified that PDGF‐BB is a potent osteoinductive factor in a model of tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle, and that the osteogenic capacity of this protein was modulated in the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These findings reveal a possible mechanism by which HO develops following trauma. Importantly, these findings have implications for the induction and control of bone formation for regenerative medicine. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen G Davies
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Shi L, Liang T, Wang B, Wu W, Su G, Wei J, Li P, Huang R. MiR-696 Regulates C2C12 Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting CNTFRα. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:413-425. [PMID: 28529450 PMCID: PMC5436562 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-696 (miR-696) has been previously known as an exercise related miRNA, which has a profound role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle. However, its role in skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-696 expressed highly in skeletal muscle and reduced during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. MiR-696 overexpression repressed C2C12 myoblast proliferation and myofiber formation, while knockdown of endogenous miR-696 expression showed opposite results. During myogenesis, we observed an inversed expression pattern between miR-696 and CNTFRα in vitro, and demonstrated that miR-696 could specifically target CNTFRα and repress the expression of CNTFRα. Additionally, we further found that knockdown of CNTFRα suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Taking all things together, we propose a novel insight that miR-696 down-regulates C2C12 cell myogenesis by inhibiting CNTFRα expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - BinBin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - WangJun Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guosheng Su
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julong Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hunt LC, White J. The Role of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Growth, Injury and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:45-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Maguire G, Friedman P. Systems biology approach to developing S 2RM-based “systems therapeutics” and naturally induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:745-756. [PMID: 26029345 PMCID: PMC4444614 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree to, and the mechanisms through, which stem cells are able to build, maintain, and heal the body have only recently begun to be understood. Much of the stem cell’s power resides in the release of a multitude of molecules, called stem cell released molecules (SRM). A fundamentally new type of therapeutic, namely “systems therapeutic”, can be realized by reverse engineering the mechanisms of the SRM processes. Recent data demonstrates that the composition of the SRM is different for each type of stem cell, as well as for different states of each cell type. Although systems biology has been successfully used to analyze multiple pathways, the approach is often used to develop a small molecule interacting at only one pathway in the system. A new model is emerging in biology where systems biology is used to develop a new technology acting at multiple pathways called “systems therapeutics”. A natural set of healing pathways in the human that uses SRM is instructive and of practical use in developing systems therapeutics. Endogenous SRM processes in the human body use a combination of SRM from two or more stem cell types, designated as S2RM, doing so under various state dependent conditions for each cell type. Here we describe our approach in using state-dependent SRM from two or more stem cell types, S2RM technology, to develop a new class of therapeutics called “systems therapeutics.” Given the ubiquitous and powerful nature of innate S2RM-based healing in the human body, this “systems therapeutic” approach using S2RM technology will be important for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, antimicrobials, wound care products and procedures, and a number of other therapeutics for many indications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Datla US, Scovill NC, Brokamp AJ, Kim E, Asch AS, Lee MH. Role of PUF-8/PUF protein in stem cell control, sperm-oocyte decision and cell fate reprogramming. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1306-11. [PMID: 24638209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pumilio and FBF (PUF) proteins are conserved stem cell regulators that maintain germline stem cells (GSCs) in worms and flies. Moreover, they are also present in vertebrate stem cells. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has multiple PUF proteins with specialized roles. Among them, PUF-8 protein controls multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, sperm-oocyte decision, and cell fate reprogramming, depending on the genetic context in the C. elegans germline. In this review, we describe the possible mechanisms of how PUF-8 protein systematically controls multiple cellular processes in the C. elegans germline. Since PUF proteins are evolutionarily conserved, we suggest that a similar mechanism may be involved in controlling stem cell regulation and differentiation in other organisms, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Sree Datla
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shoshani O, Zipori D. Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:371-7. [PMID: 25038585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade of intensive investigation of the possible plasticity of mammalian cells has eventually substantiated that mammalian species are endowed with a remarkable capacity to change mature cell fates. We review below the evidence for the occurrence of processes such as dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation within mammalian tissues in vivo, and in cells removed from their protective microenvironment and seeded in culture under conditions poorly resembling their physiological state in situ. Overall, these studies point to one major conclusion: stressful conditions, whether due to in vivo tissue damage or otherwise to isolation of cells from their in vivo restrictive niches, lead to extreme fate changes. Some examples of dedifferentiation are discussed in detail showing that rare cells within the population tend to turn back into less mature ones due to severe cell damage. It is proposed that cell stress, mechanistically sensed by isolation from neighboring cells, leads to dedifferentiation, in an attempt to build a new stem cell reservoir for subsequent regeneration of the damaged tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Shoshani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dov Zipori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Q, Li W, Chen T, He Y, Deng W, Luo H, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine protease Rv3668c can manipulate the host-pathogen interaction via Erk-NF-κB axis-mediated cytokine differential expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:686-98. [PMID: 24684623 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a serious global public health concern. About one-third of the global population has been latently infected with this pathogen. MTB proteases are important virulence factors and involve in subverting the host immunity. MTB protease Rv3668c was implicated in drug action and dormancy by Gene Expression Omnibus data. To define the role of Rv3668c in pathogen-host interaction, we constructed recombinant strain Mycobacterium smegmatis-Rv3668c (Ms-Rv3668c). The resultant strains were used to challenge the human macrophage cell line U937. The cytokine levels and the survival of recombinants and macrophages were monitored. The results showed that recombinant Ms-Rv3668c specifically upregulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and downregulated the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by U937 cells, consistent with the upregulated transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β. Rv3668c recombinants demonstrated prolonged survival within the U937 cells and accelerated the death of the host cells. Inhibitor experiments showed that the ERK-NF-κB axis was involved in the Rv3668c-triggered TNF-α and IL-1β changes. These results provided evidence for the engagement of Rv3668c in the interaction between Mycobacterium and host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Zhao
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular responses. As skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells play an indispensible role in this process. The self-renewing proliferation of satellite cells not only maintains the stem cell population but also provides numerous myogenic cells, which proliferate, differentiate, fuse, and lead to new myofiber formation and reconstitution of a functional contractile apparatus. The complex behavior of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration is tightly regulated through the dynamic interplay between intrinsic factors within satellite cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche/microenvironment. For the last half century, the advance of molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology. Here, we review some recent advances, with focuses on functions of satellite cells and their niche during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hiatt K, Lewis D, Shew M, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Halum S. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes skeletal muscle progenitor cell (MPC) viability via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:963-8. [PMID: 23147834 DOI: 10.1002/term.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are currently being investigated as cellular vectors to deliver neurotrophic factor (NF) for the promotion of re-innervation after axonal injury. Ideally NF delivery in such a model would enhance axonal regeneration while simultaneously promoting MPC viability. To date, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the few NFs known to promote both re-innervation and MPC viability. We herein identify ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as a factor that promotes MPC viability in culture, and demonstrate CNTF to impart greater viability effects on MPCs than IGF-1. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition via LY294002 results in abrogation of CNTF-mediated viability, suggesting that the CNTF-mediated MPC viability benefit occurs via the PI3-Akt pathway. Finally, we employ a genetic model, establishing MPC cultures from mice deficient in class IA PI-3 K (p85α(-/-) ) mice, and demonstrate that the viability benefit imparted by CNTF is completely abrogated in PI-3 K-deficient MPCs compared to wild-type controls. In summary, our investigations define CNTF as a promoter of MPC viability beyond IGF-1, and reveal that the CNTF-mediated MPC viability effects occur via the PI3-Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hiatt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu YP, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Yeh CT, Wu ATH, Lee YC, Lai TC, Lee CH, Hsiao YW, Lu J, Shen CN, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Cisplatin selects for multidrug-resistant CD133+ cells in lung adenocarcinoma by activating Notch signaling. Cancer Res 2012; 73:406-16. [PMID: 23135908 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but recurrence occurs in most patients. Recent evidence suggests that CD133(+) cells are the cause of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the correlation between chemotherapy and regulation of CD133(+) cells has not been investigated methodically. In this study, we revealed that CD133(+) lung cancer cells labeled by a human CD133 promoter-driven GFP reporter exhibited drug resistance and stem cell characteristics. Treatment of H460 and H661 cell lines with low-dose cisplatin (IC(20)) was sufficient to enrich CD133(+) cells, to induce DNA damage responses, and to upregulate ABCG2 and ABCB1 expression, which therefore increased the cross-resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. This cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells was mediated through Notch signaling as judged by increased levels of cleaved Notch1 (NICD1). Pretreatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), or Notch1 short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) remarkably reduced the cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells and increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Ectopic expression of NICD1 reversed the action of DAPT on drug sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD133(+) cells were significantly increased in the relapsed tumors in three of six patients with lung cancer who have received cisplatin treatment. A similar effect was observed in animal experiments as cisplatin treatment increased Notch1 cleavage and the ratio of CD133(+) cells in engrafted tumors. Intratumoral injection of DAPT with cisplatin treatment significantly reduced CD133(+) cell number. Together, our results showed that cisplatin induces the enrichment of CD133(+) cells, leading to multidrug resistance by the activation of Notch signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng X, Zhang L, Sun L, Zhang D, Zhao H, Jia J, Wang W. Recovery from rat sciatic nerve injury in vivo through the use of differentiated MDSCs in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:193-196. [PMID: 23251266 PMCID: PMC3523948 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) whose differentiation into neuron-like cells was induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and Salvia (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in vitro were used to repair rat sciatic nerve injuries in vivo, in order to investigate their multifunctional characteristics as pluripotent stem cells. The sciatic nerve in the right side of the lower limb was exposed under the anesthetized condition of 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 ml/100 g) injection into the abdominal cavity. The tissue which was 0.5 cm above the sciatic nerve bifurcation was broken using a hemostat. After induction, MDSCs were transferred in sodium hyaluronate gel and were placed into the damaged area. An untreated control group was also included in this study. The surgical area was sutured after washing with gentamycin sulfate solution. Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was calculated, electrophysiological tests were performed and the recovery rate of gastrocnemius muscle wet weight was also calculated. Four weeks post-surgery, the SFI and the recovery rate of gastrocnemius muscle wet weight in the MDSC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). MDSCs whose differentiation is induced by CNTF and Salvia play an active role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin S, Xu L, Hu S, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xu J. Optimal time-point for neural stem cell transplantation to delay denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2012; 47:194-201. [PMID: 23042154 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment to delay denervated skeletal muscle atrophy; however, the optimal time-point between peripheral nerve injury and NSC transplantation needs to be determined. METHODS Improvement in rat gastrocnemius muscle function was evaluated after NSCs were transplanted into sectioned distal tibial nerves. We also assessed survival and differentiation. ANOVA was used to compare the mean value of the number of neuron-like cells, cross-sectional area amelioration, the amount of activated fibers, and latency and amplitude of the gastrocnemius compound muscle action potential. RESULTS The group in which the NSCs were transplanted 1 week after tibial nerve transection had the largest number of neuron-like cells, maximum cross-sectional area amelioration, and maximum amount of activated gastrocnemius fibers compared with all other groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The optimal time-point for NSC transplantation for delaying denervated skeletal muscle atrophy is 1 week after severing the nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cha DS, Datla US, Hollis SE, Kimble J, Lee MH. The Ras-ERK MAPK regulatory network controls dedifferentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans germline. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1847-55. [PMID: 22820175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
How a committed cell can be reverted to an undifferentiated state is a central question in stem cell biology. This process, called dedifferentiation, is likely to be important for replacing stem cells as they age or get damaged. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding this fundamental process, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the aberrant activation of Ras-ERK MAPK signaling promotes cellular dedifferentiation in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. To activate signaling, we removed two negative regulators, the PUF-8 RNA-binding protein and LIP-1 dual specificity phosphatase. The removal of both of these two regulators caused secondary spermatocytes to dedifferentiate and begin mitotic divisions. Interestingly, reduction of Ras-ERK MAPK signaling, either by mutation or chemical inhibition, blocked the initiation of dedifferentiation. By RNAi screening, we identified RSKN-1/P90(RSK) as a downstream effector of MPK-1/ERK that is critical for dedifferentiation: rskn-1 RNAi suppressed spermatocyte dedifferentiation and instead induced meiotic divisions. These regulators are broadly conserved, suggesting that similar molecular circuitry may control cellular dedifferentiation in other organisms, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Seok Cha
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo ZX, Luo DZ, Jia J, Wang XM. Dopaminergic neuronal conversion from adult rat skeletal muscle-derived stem cells in vitro. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1982-92. [PMID: 22723079 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-derived stem cells reside in the skeletal muscle tissues and are known for their multipotency to differentiate toward the mesodermal lineage. Recent studies have demonstrated their capacity of neuroectodermal differentiation, including neurons and astrocytes. In this study, we investigated the possibility of dopaminergic neuronal conversion from adult rat skeletal muscle-derived stem cells. Using a neurosphere protocol, muscle-derived stem cells form neurosphere-like cell clusters after cultivation as a suspension, displaying an obvious expression of nestin and a remarkable down-regulation of myogenic associated factors desmin, MyoD, Myf5 and myogenin. Subsequently, these neurosphere-like cell clusters were further directed to dopaminergic differentiation through two major induction steps, patterning to midbrain progenitors with sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor 8, followed by the differentiation to dopaminergic neurons with neurotrophic factors (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and chemicals (ascorbic acid, forskolin). After the differentiation, these cells expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, dopamine D1 receptor and synapse-associated protein synapsin I. Several genes, Nurr1, Lmx1b, and En1, which are critically related with the development of dopaminergic neurons, were also significantly up-regulated. The present results indicate that adult skeletal muscle-derived stem cells could provide a promising cell source for autologous transplantation for neurodegenerative diseases in the future, especially the Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Education Ministry, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, 10# Youanmen, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang C, Chen P, Fei Y, Liu B, Ma K, Fu X, Zhao Z, Sun T, Sheng Z. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for dedifferentiation of aged epidermal cells in vivo and in vitro. Aging Cell 2012; 11:14-23. [PMID: 21967252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged epidermal cells have the capacity to dedifferentiate into stem cell-like cells. However, the signals that regulate the dedifferentiation of aged epidermal cells remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Wnt/β-catenin is critical for aged epidermal cell dedifferentiation in vivo and in vitro. Some aged epidermal cells in human ultrathin epidermal sheets lacking basal stem cells transplanted onto wounds dedifferentiated into stem cell-like cells that were positive for CK19 and β1 integrin but negative for CK10. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated during this process. There was increased expression of Wnt-1, Wnt-4, Wnt-7a, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, blocked dedifferentiation in vivo. Then, the activator, a highly specific glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibitor, of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was added to the culture medium of aged epidermal cells. Surprisingly, we found that the activator induced higher expression of CK19, β1 integrin, Oct4, and Nanog proteins. The induced aged epidermal cells exhibited high colony-forming efficiency, long-term proliferative potential and could regenerate a skin equivalent (as do epidermal stem cells). These results suggested that activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway induced the dedifferentiation of aged epidermal cells, which suggest a new approach to generate epidermal stem cell-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pestana PRD, Fernandes KPS, Vallio CS, Rocha DAM, Martins MD, Bussadori SK, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Natação e aspectos morfológicos do músculo esquelético em processo de reparo após criolesão. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502011000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a influência da natação sobre as alterações morfológicas do músculo esquelético em processo de reparo após criolesão. Foram usados 45 ratos divididos em cinco grupos: controle (n=5); sham (n=5), adaptação (n=5), criolesionados e tratados com natação sacrificados após 7, 14 e 21 dias (n=15); criolesionados e sem tratamento aquático sacrificados após 7, 14 e 21 dias (n=15). As sessões de natação foram realizadas 6 vezes por semana com 90 min de duração cada. Ao término do protocolo os animais foram sacrificados e a análise morfológica da área da lesão foi realizada. A análise morfológica semiquantitativa demonstrou que os músculos do grupo controle apresentaram aspecto histológico normal. O grupo sham apresentou edema, mionecrose e infiltrado inflamatório em grau 1. Nos grupos 7, 14 e 21 dias, não existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas 4 etapas de remodelamento tecidual avaliadas (infiltrado inflamatório, edema, necrose e fibras musculares imaturas) entre os grupos lesionados quando comparados aos grupos com lesão e tratamento aquático. Em conclusão, foi possível verificar que a natação não causou alterações morfológicas durante o reparo do músculo esquelético após criolesão.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The limitation in successfully acquiring large populations of stem cell has impeded their application. A new method based on the dedifferentiation of adult somatic cells to generate induced multipotent stem cells would allow us to obtain a large amount of autologous stem cells for regenerative medicine. The current work was proposed to induce a sub-population of cells with characteristics of muscle stem cells from myoblasts through conditional treatment of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1) . Our results show that a lower concentration of TGF-β(1) is able to promote C2C12 myoblasts to express stem cell markers as well as to repress myogenic proteins, which involves a mechanism of dedifferentiation. Moreover, TGF-β(1) treatment promoted the proliferation-arrested C2C12 myoblasts to re-enter the S-phase. We also investigated the multi-differentiation potentials of the dedifferentiated cells. TGF-β(1) pre-treated C2C12 myoblasts were implanted into mice to repair dystrophic skeletal muscle or injured bone. In addition to the C2C12 myoblasts, similar effects of TGF-β(1) were also observed in the primary myoblasts of mice. Our results suggest that TGF-β(1) is effective as a molecular trigger for the dedifferentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts and could be used to generate a large pool of progenitor cells that collectively behave as multipotent stem cell-like cells for regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Suaudeau
- Pontifical Academy for Life, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kajstura J, Rota M, Hall SR, Hosoda T, D'Amario D, Sanada F, Zheng H, Ogórek B, Rondon-Clavo C, Ferreira-Martins J, Matsuda A, Arranto C, Goichberg P, Giordano G, Haley KJ, Bardelli S, Rayatzadeh H, Liu X, Quaini F, Liao R, Leri A, Perrella MA, Loscalzo J, Anversa P. Evidence for human lung stem cells. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1795-806. [PMID: 21561345 PMCID: PMC3197695 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although progenitor cells have been described in distinct anatomical regions of the lung, description of resident stem cells has remained elusive. METHODS Surgical lung-tissue specimens were studied in situ to identify and characterize human lung stem cells. We defined their phenotype and functional properties in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Human lungs contain undifferentiated human lung stem cells nested in niches in the distal airways. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent in vitro. After injection into damaged mouse lung in vivo, human lung stem cells form human bronchioles, alveoli, and pulmonary vessels integrated structurally and functionally with the damaged organ. The formation of a chimeric lung was confirmed by detection of human transcripts for epithelial and vascular genes. In addition, the self-renewal and long-term proliferation of human lung stem cells was shown in serial-transplantation assays. CONCLUSIONS Human lungs contain identifiable stem cells. In animal models, these cells participate in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. They have the undemonstrated potential to promote tissue restoration in patients with lung disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kajstura
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zipori D. À la recherche d’une définition moléculaire plus que descriptive pour les cellules souches. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:303-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2011273303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
28
|
Mu X, Peng H, Pan H, Huard J, Li Y. Study of muscle cell dedifferentiation after skeletal muscle injury of mice with a Cre-Lox system. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16699. [PMID: 21304901 PMCID: PMC3033395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dedifferentiation of muscle cells in the tissue of mammals has yet to be observed. One of the challenges facing the study of skeletal muscle cell dedifferentiation is the availability of a reliable model that can confidentially distinguish differentiated cell populations of myotubes and non-fused mononuclear cells, including stem cells that can coexist within the population of cells being studied. Methodology/Principal Findings In the current study, we created a Cre/Lox-β-galactosidase system, which can specifically tag differentiated multinuclear myotubes and myotube-generated mononuclear cells based on the activation of the marker gene, β-galactosidase. By using this system in an adult mouse model, we found that β-galactosidase positive mononuclear cells were generated from β-galactosidase positive multinuclear myofibers upon muscle injury. We also demonstrated that these mononuclear cells can develop into a variety of different muscle cell lineages, i.e., myoblasts, satellite cells, and muscle derived stem cells. Conclusions/Significance These novel findings demonstrated, for the first time, that cellular dedifferentiation of skeletal muscle cells actually occurs in mammalian skeletal muscle following traumatic injury in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hairong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haiying Pan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yong Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tripathi AK, Ramani UV, Ahir VB, Rank DN, Joshi CG. A modified enrichment protocol for adult caprine skeletal muscle stem cell. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:483-8. [PMID: 20865326 PMCID: PMC2995141 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish an adequate model to study the proliferation and differentiation of adult caprine skeletal muscle in response to bioactive compounds, a pool of satellite cells (SC) was derived from the rectus abdominis muscle of adult goat. Skeletal muscle contains a population of adult stem cells, named as satellite cells that reside beneath the basal lamina of skeletal muscle fiber and other populations of cells. These SC are multipotent stem cells, since cells cultured in the presence of specific cell lineage inducing cocktails can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal lineage, such as osteocytes and adipocytes. In the present study, we have developed a modified protocol for isolating satellite cells (>90%) and examined their myogenic and contractile properties in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajai K Tripathi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang C, Fu X, Chen P, Bao X, Li F, Sun X, Lei Y, Cai S, Sun T, Sheng Z. Dedifferentiation derived cells exhibit phenotypic and functional characteristics of epidermal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:1135-45. [PMID: 19426155 PMCID: PMC3822750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated epidermal cells can dedifferentiate into stem cells or stem cell-like cells in vivo. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of dedifferentiation-derived cells. Epidermal sheets eliminated of basal stem cells were transplanted onto the skin wounds in 47 nude athymic (BALB/c-nu/nu) mice. After 5 days, cells negative for CK10 but positive for CK19 and β1-integrin emerged at the wound-neighbouring side of the epidermal sheets. Furthermore, the percentages of CK19 and β1-integrin+ cells detected by flow cytometric analysis were increased after grafting (P < 0.01) and CK10+ cells in grafted sheets decreased (P < 0.01). Then we isolated these cells on the basis of rapid adhesion to type IV collagen and found that there were 4.56% adhering cells (dedifferentiation-derived cells) in the grafting group within 10 min. The in vitro phenotypic assays showed that the expressions of CK19, β1-integrin, Oct4 and Nanog in dedifferentiation-derived cells were remarkably higher than those in the control group (differentiated epidermal cells) (P < 0.01). In addition, the results of the functional investigation of dedifferentiation-derived cells demonstrated: (1) the numbers of colonies consisting of 5–10 cells and greater than 10 cells were increased 5.9-fold and 6.7-fold, respectively, as compared with that in the control (P < 0.01); (2) more cells were in S phase and G2/M phase of the cell cycle (proliferation index values were 21.02% in control group, 45.08% in group of dedifferentiation); (3) the total days of culture (28 days versus 130 days), the passage number of cells (3 passages versus 20 passages) and assumptive total cell output (1 × 105 cells versus 1 × 1012 cells) were all significantly increased and (4) dedifferentiation-derived cells, as well as epidermal stem cells, were capable of regenerating a skin equivalent, but differentiated epidermal cells could not. These results suggested that the characteristics of dedifferentiation-derived cells cultured in vitro were similar to epidermal stem cells. This study may also offer a new approach to yield epidermal stem cells for wound repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Burns Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lecourt S, Marolleau JP, Fromigué O, Vauchez K, Andriamanalijaona R, Ternaux B, Lacassagne MN, Robert I, Boumédiene K, Chéreau F, Marie P, Larghéro J, Fiszman M, Vilquin JT. Characterization of distinct mesenchymal-like cell populations from human skeletal muscle in situ and in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2513-26. [PMID: 20430024 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle is an essential source of various cellular progenitors with potential therapeutic perspectives. We first used extracellular markers to identify in situ the main cell types located in a satellite position or in the endomysium of the skeletal muscle. Immunohistology revealed labeling of cells by markers of mesenchymal (CD13, CD29, CD44, CD47, CD49, CD62, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD15 in this study), myogenic (CD56), angiogenic (CD31, CD34, CD106, CD146), hematopoietic (CD10, CD15, CD34) lineages. We then analysed cell phenotypes and fates in short- and long-term cultures of dissociated muscle biopsies in a proliferation medium favouring the expansion of myogenic cells. While CD56(+) cells grew rapidly, a population of CD15(+) cells emerged, partly from CD56(+) cells, and became individualized. Both populations expressed mesenchymal markers similar to that harboured by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In differentiation media, both CD56(+) and CD15(+) cells shared osteogenic and chondrogenic abilities, while CD56(+) cells presented a myogenic capacity and CD15(+) cells presented an adipogenic capacity. An important proportion of cells expressed the CD34 antigen in situ and immediately after muscle dissociation. However, CD34 antigen did not persist in culture and this initial population gave rise to adipogenic cells. These results underline the diversity of human muscle cells, and the shared or restricted commitment abilities of the main lineages under defined conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lecourt
- UPMC/AIM UMR S 974, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
A defined long-term in vitro tissue engineered model of neuromuscular junctions. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4880-8. [PMID: 20346499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation, occurring between motoneurons and skeletal muscle, is a complex multistep process involving a variety of signaling molecules and pathways. In vitro motoneuron-muscle co-cultures are powerful tools to study the role of different growth factors, hormones and cellular structures involved in NMJ formation. In this study, a serum-free culture system utilizing defined temporal growth factor application and a non-biological substrate resulted in the formation of robust NMJs. The system resulted in long-term survival of the co-culture and selective expression of neonatal myosin heavy chain, a marker of myotube maturation. NMJ formation was verified by colocalization of dense clusters of acetylcholine receptors visualized using alpha-bungarotoxin and synaptophysin containing vesicles present in motoneuron axonal terminals. This model will find applications in basic NMJ research and tissue engineering applications such as bio-hybrid device development for limb prosthesis and regenerative medicine as well as for high-throughput drug and toxin screening applications.
Collapse
|
33
|
The hemopoietic stem cell niche versus the microenvironment of the multiple myeloma-tumor initiating cell. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 3:15-28. [PMID: 21209772 PMCID: PMC2970809 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-009-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma cells are reminiscent of hemopoietic stem cells in their strict dependence upon the bone marrow microenvironment. However, from all other points of view, multiple myeloma cells differ markedly from stem cells. The cells possess a mature phenotype and secrete antibodies, and have thus made the whole journey to maturity, while maintaining a tumor phenotype. Not much credence was given to the possibility that the bulk of plasma-like multiple myeloma tumor cells is generated from tumor-initiating cells. Although interleukin-6 is a major contributor to the formation of the tumor’s microenvironment in multiple myeloma, it is not a major factor within hemopoietic stem cell niches. The bone marrow niche for myeloma cells includes the activity of inflammatory cytokines released through osteoclastogenesis. These permit maintenance of myeloma cells within the bone marrow. In contrast, osteoclastogenesis constitutes a signal that drives hemopoietic stem cells away from their bone marrow niches. The properties of the bone marrow microenvironment, which supports myeloma cell maintenance and proliferation, is therefore markedly different from the characteristics of the hemopoietic stem cell niche. Thus, multiple myeloma presents an example of a hemopoietic tumor microenvironment that does not resemble the corresponding stem cell renewal niche.
Collapse
|
34
|
Das M, Rumsey JW, Bhargava N, Stancescu M, Hickman JJ. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: a maturation model promoting long-term survival of myotubes, structural development of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus and neonatal myosin heavy chain expression. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5392-402. [PMID: 19625080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of defined in vitro systems to study the developmental and physiological characteristics of a variety of cell types is increasing, due in large part to their ease of integration with tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and high-throughput screening applications. In this study, myotubes derived from fetal rat hind limbs were induced to develop several aspects of mature muscle including: sarcomere assembly, development of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus and myosin heavy chain (MHC) class switching. Utilizing immunocytochemical analysis, anisotropic and isotropic band formation (striations) within the myotubes was established, indicative of sarcomere formation. In addition, clusters of ryanodine receptors were colocalized with dihydropyridine complex proteins which signaled development of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus and transverse tubule biogenesis. The myotubes also exhibited MHC class switching from embryonic to neonatal MHC. Lastly, the myotubes survived significantly longer in culture (70-90 days) than myotubes from our previously developed system (20-25 days). These results were achieved by modifying the culture timeline as well as the development of a new medium formulation. This defined model system for skeletal muscle maturation supports the goal of developing physiologically relevant muscle constructs for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well as for high-throughput screening applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Das
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Suite 402, Research Pavilion, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang W, Fan M, Zhang L, Liu SH, Sun L, Wang CY. Compatibility of hyaluronic acid hydrogel and skeletal muscle myoblasts. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/2/025011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Vial C, Zúñiga LM, Cabello-Verrugio C, Cañón P, Fadic R, Brandan E. Skeletal muscle cells express the profibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), which induces their dedifferentiation. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:410-21. [PMID: 18064627 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders are typified by excessive connective tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that precludes normal healing processes of different tissues. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) seems to be involved in the fibrotic response. Several muscular dystrophies are characterized by a progressive weakness and wasting of the musculature, and by extensive fibrosis. However, the exact role of CTGF in skeletal muscle is unknown. Here we show that myoblasts and myotubes are able to synthesize CTGF in response to transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-beta) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). CTGF induced several ECM constituents such as fibronectin, collagen type I and alpha4, 5, 6, and beta1 integrin subunits in myoblasts and myotubes. CTGF had an important inhibitory effect on muscle differentiation evaluated by the decrease in the nuclear translocation of the early muscle regulatory factor myogenin and myosin. Remarkable, CTGF treatment of myoblasts induced their dedifferentiation, characterized by down regulating MyoD and desmin, two markers of committed myoblasts, together with a strong reorganization of cytoskeletal filaments. These results provide novel evidence for the underlying mechanisms and participation of skeletal muscle cells in the synthesis and role of CTGF inducing fibrosis, inhibiting myogenesis and dedifferentiating myoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vial
- Centro de Regulación y Patología Joaquín V. Luco, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, MIFAB, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effects of interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor on the proliferation and differentiation of adult human myoblasts. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 28:113-24. [PMID: 18240017 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-007-9247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor, a member of the interleukin-6-type cytokine superfamily, could inhibit the differentiation of myoblasts into mature myotubes at a certain concentration. In this study, another two members, interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor, together with ciliary neurotrophic factor were tested their roles in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts derived from the adult human skeletal muscles, in order to confirm that these cytokines might be a new type of regulatory factors on the myoblasts. The results showed that the effects of interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor on the proliferation and differentiation of adult human myoblasts were different. Leukemia inhibitory factor in the dose of 10 ng/ml could accelerate the cell proliferation. Leukemia inhibitory factor in the dose of 10 or 50 ng/ml and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the dose of 10 or 50 ng/ml could inhibit the myoblast differentiation. The inhibition mechanism might be that leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor inhibited the expressions of transcription factor MyoD/myf5, which could regulate the myoblast differentiation. This study will provide the experimental and theoretic foundations for the basic and clinical researches about human myoblasts.
Collapse
|
39
|
CNTF: a target therapeutic for obesity-related metabolic disease? J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:353-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
Pax7 plays critical roles in development of brain, spinal cord, neural crest, and skeletal muscle. As a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor, any direct functional role played by Pax7 during development is mediated through target gene selection. Thus, we have sought to identify genes targeted by Pax7 during embryonic development using an unbiased chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) cloning assay to isolate cis-regulatory regions bound by Pax7 in vivo. Sequencing and genomic localization of a library of chromatin-DNA fragments bound by Pax7 has identified 34 candidate Pax7 target genes, with occupancy of a selection confirmed with independent chromatin enrichment tests (ChIP-PCR). To assess the capacity of Pax7 to regulate transcription from these loci, we have cloned alternate transcripts of Pax7 (differing significantly in their DNA binding domain) into expression vectors and transfected cultured cells with these constructs, then analyzed target gene expression levels using RT-PCR. We show that Pax7 directly occupies sites within genes encoding transcription factors Gbx1 and Eya4, the neurogenic cytokine receptor ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor, the neuronal potassium channel Kcnk2, and the signal transduction kinase Camk1d in vivo and regulates the transcriptional state of these genes in cultured cells. This analysis gives us greater insight into the direct functional role played by Pax7 during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B White
- School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dennis RA, Przybyla B, Gurley C, Kortebein PM, Simpson P, Sullivan DH, Peterson CA. Aging alters gene expression of growth and remodeling factors in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise. Physiol Genomics 2007; 32:393-400. [PMID: 18073271 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00191.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare expression of genes that function in inflammation and stress, cell structure and signaling, or remodeling and growth in skeletal muscle of young (32 +/- 7 yr, n = 15) and elderly (72 +/- 5 yr, n = 16) healthy subjects before and after a bout of resistance leg exercises. A real-time RT-PCR method was used to screen 100 transcripts in v. lateralis biopsies obtained before and 72 h postexercise. The screen identified 15 candidates for differential expression due to aging and/or exercise that were measured quantitatively. The median levels of four mRNAs (insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein IGFBP5, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and the metallopeptidase MMP2) were significantly affected by aging and were greater (1.6- to 2.3-fold, P </= 0.05) in the young than elderly muscle at both time points. The median levels of three mRNAs were significantly (P </= 0.05) affected by exercise in the young. The metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 and alpha-cardiac actin mRNAs increased 2-fold and 6.5-fold, respectively, and GDF8 (myostatin) mRNA decreased by 50%. However, elderly muscle did not display any significant changes in gene expression postexercise. Thus, aging muscle shows decreased levels at rest and an impaired response to exercise for a number of mRNAs for factors potentially involved in muscle growth and remodeling. Future studies must determine the functional importance of these gene expression changes to protein synthesis, satellite cell activity, and other processes that are directly involved in the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Dennis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock GRECC, 2200 Fort Roots Dr. (Bldg. 170, 3J/157), North Little Rock, AR 72114-1706, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has the intrinsic capacity to regenerate but the reinnervation of muscles is often suboptimal and results in limited recovery of function. Injuries to nerves that innervate complex organs such as the larynx are particularly difficult to treat. The many functions of the larynx have evolved through the intricate neural regulation of highly specialized laryngeal muscles. In this review, we examine the responses of nerves and muscles to injury, focusing on changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors, and highlight differences between the skeletal limb and laryngeal muscle systems. We also describe how artificial nerve conduits have become a useful tool for delivery of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents to promote peripheral nerve repair and might eventually be useful in the treatment of laryngeal nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kingham
- Blond McIndoe Research Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Obesity and its related cluster of pathophysiologic conditions including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are recognized as growing threats to world health. It is now estimated that 10% of the world's population is overweight or obese. As a result, new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity are clearly warranted. Recent research has focused on the role that gp130 receptor ligands may play as potential therapeutic targets in obesity. One cytokine in particular, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), acts both centrally and peripherally and mimics the biologic actions of the appetite control hormone leptin, but unlike leptin, CNTF appears to be effective in obesity and as such may have therapeutic potential. In addition, CNTF suppresses inflammatory signaling cascades associated with lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. This review examines the potential role of gp130 receptor ligands as part of a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Zhu L, Chen X, Fan M. Effects of hypoxia on proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Med Hypotheses 2007; 69:629-36. [PMID: 17395396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is an environmental and developmental signal regulator, and its role is involved in energy homeostasis, development and process of differentiation. Myoblasts persist in skeletal muscle as satellite cells, which possess capability of self-renewing and differentiation into mature myofiber. Myoblasts play a critical role in postnatal muscle regeneration after injury as well as maintaining myofibers' function. Though oxygen is vital to nearly all forms of life, studies focused on investigating the effects of oxygen level on proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts are few. Lower oxygen concentration is more close to the level of oxygen in physiological and pathological environment in vivo. So physiological environment is actually optimum condition for myogenesis. It is significant for understanding repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle to study on effects of hypoxia on myogenesis. HIF-1 signaling pathway was involved in these processes as well as other signaling pathways would be, and accordingly, deep studying and further revealing the signaling pathways involved in mechanism will provide evidences or references for looking for novel targets for stem cells therapy and drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Beltran WA, Wen R, Acland GM, Aguirre GD. Intravitreal injection of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) causes peripheral remodeling and does not prevent photoreceptor loss in canine RPGR mutant retina. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84:753-71. [PMID: 17320077 PMCID: PMC2709826 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) rescues photoreceptors in several animal models of retinal degeneration and is currently being evaluated as a potential treatment for retinitis pigmentosa in humans. This study was conducted to test whether CNTF prevents photoreceptor cell loss in XLPRA2, an early onset canine model of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa caused by a frameshift mutation in RPGR exon ORF15. Four different treatment regimens of CNTF were tested in XLPRA2 dogs. Under anesthesia, the animals received at different ages an intravitreal injection of 12 microg of CNTF in the left eye. The right eye served as a control and was injected with a similar volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Ocular examinations were performed regularly during the treatment periods. At termination, the dogs were euthanatized, eyes collected and the retinas were processed for embedding in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was evaluated on H&E sections and values in both CNTF- and PBS-treated eyes were compared. Morphologic alterations in the peripheral retina were characterized by immunohistochemistry using cell-specific markers. Cell proliferation in the retinas was examined on semi-thin plastic sections, and by BrdU pulse-labeling and Ki67 immunohistochemistry on cryosections. All CNTF-treated eyes showed early clinical signs of corneal epitheliopathy, subcapsular cataracts and uveitis. No statistically significant difference in ONL thickness was seen between the CNTF- and PBS-injected eyes. Prominent retinal remodeling that consisted in an abnormal increase in the number of rods, and in misplacement of some rods, cones, bipolar and Müller cells, was observed in the peripheral retina of CNTF-treated eyes. This was only seen when CNTF was in injected before the age at which the canine retina reaches full maturation. In XLPRA2 dogs, intravitreal injections of CNTF failed to prevent photoreceptors from undergoing cell death in the central and mid-peripheral retina. CNTF also caused ocular side-effects and morphologic alterations in the periphery that were consistent with cell dedifferentiation and proliferation. Our findings suggest that some inherited forms of retinal degeneration may not respond to CNTF's neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Beltran
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Norgren RB. Genetic modification of somatic cells for producing animal models and for cellular transplantation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 18:811-5. [PMID: 17147928 DOI: 10.1071/rd06074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in two technologies related to biomedical research: (1) manipulating the genomes of cells; and (2) inducing stem cells in culture to differentiate into potentially useful cell types. These technologies can be used to create animal models of human disease and to provide cells for transplantation to ameliorate human disease. Both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells have been studied for these purposes. Genetically modified somatic cells provide another source of cells for creating animal models and for cellular transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Norgren
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 85805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zipori D. The mesenchyme in cancer therapy as a target tumor component, effector cell modality and cytokine expression vehicle. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2006; 25:459-67. [PMID: 17001513 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-006-9012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissues and organs harbor a component of supportive mesenchymal stroma. The organ stroma is vital for normal functioning since it expresses factors instructing growth and differentiation along with molecules that restrain these processes. Similarly, the growth of tumors is strictly dependent on the tumor stroma. This review first discusses the possibility of developing tools to block the propagation of the tumor-associated stroma, that may halt tumor progression. It further describes how the tropism of mesenchymal stroma to tumor sites may be utilized to cause regression of the cancerous tissue. Mesenchyme can be genetically modified to overexpress specific regulatory molecules with known effects on specific tumors, such as interferon beta, studied in the context of melanoma and glioma and activin A, a transforming growth factor beta cytokine, examined in multiple myeloma. These studies point to the possibility that genetically modified mesenchymal cells may be used as a therapeutic modality for incurable human diseases. It is proposed that further development of methods of tumor stroma targeting, or alternatively the use of stromal mesenchyme as a cell or cell/gene therapy modalities, may yield novel clinical tools for the treatment of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dov Zipori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Midrio M. The denervated muscle: facts and hypotheses. A historical review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 98:1-21. [PMID: 16896733 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Denervation changes in skeletal muscle (atrophy; alterations of myofibrillar expression, muscle membrane electrical properties, ACh sensitivity and excitation-contraction coupling process; fibrillation), and their possible causes are reviewed. All changes can be counteracted by muscle electrostimulation, while denervation-like effects can be caused by the complete conduction block in muscle nerve. These results do not support the hypothesis that the lack of neurotrophic, non-motor factors plays a role in denervation phenomena. Instead they support the view that the lack of neuromotor discharge is the only cause of the phenomena and that neuromotor activity is an essential factor in regulating muscle properties. However, some experimental results cannot apparently be explained by the lack of neuromotor impulses, and may still suggest that neurotrophic influences exist. A hypothesis is that neurotrophic factors, too feeble to maintain a role in completely differentiated, adult muscles, can concur with neuromotor activity in the differentiation of immature, developing muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menotti Midrio
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Padua, via Marzolo 3, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Duckmanton et al. have rigorously studied myotube fragmentation, or "cellularization," triggered by microtubule-disrupting agents. They convincingly demonstrate that cellularization remains integral to myogenic dedifferentiation, but is insufficient for reentry of the mononucleate progeny into the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|