1
|
Yimiti M, Fei X, Yang H, Yang X, Li S, Tuoheniyazi H, Liu D, Ma J, Xie J, Zheng J, Song Z, Li Q, Xu D, Zhao Y, Gu Z. HDAC6 inhibitor promotes reactive oxygen species-meditated clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in macrophage. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13866. [PMID: 38719209 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pneumonia has become an increasingly important public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are critical in the host immune defence against pathogen infection. In this study, we found that S. aureus infection induces the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, by using a S. aureus pneumonia mouse model, we showed that the HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, demonstrates a protective effect in S. aureus pneumonia, decreasing the mortality and destruction of lung architecture, reducing the bacterial burden in the lungs and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Mechanistic studies in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated that the HDAC6 inhibitors, tubastatin A and tubacin, reduced the intracellular bacterial load by promoting bacterial clearance rather than regulating phagocytosis. Finally, N-acetyl-L- cysteine, a widely used reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, antagonized ROS production and significantly inhibited tubastatin A-induced S. aureus clearance. These findings demonstrate that HDAC6 inhibitors promote the bactericidal activity of macrophages by inducing ROS, an important host factor for S. aureus clearance and production. Our study identified HDAC6 as a suitable epigenetic modification target for preventing S. aureus infection, and tubastatin A as a useful compound in treating S. aureus pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maimaitiaili Yimiti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Fei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huxidanmu Tuoheniyazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junrui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Xie
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- Blood Transfusion Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin-Hainan Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Hainan Boao Research Hospital), Qionghai, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, García-Luis J, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The ZIKV NS5 Protein Aberrantly Alters the Tubulin Cytoskeleton, Induces the Accumulation of Autophagic p62 and Affects IFN Production: HDAC6 Has Emerged as an Anti-NS5/ZIKV Factor. Cells 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38607037 PMCID: PMC11011779 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and pathogenesis are linked to the disruption of neurogenesis, congenital Zika syndrome and microcephaly by affecting neural progenitor cells. Nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest product encoded by ZIKV-RNA and is important for replication and immune evasion. Here, we studied the potential effects of NS5 on microtubules (MTs) and autophagy flux, together with the interplay of NS5 with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Fluorescence microscopy, biochemical cell-fractionation combined with the use of HDAC6 mutants, chemical inhibitors and RNA interference indicated that NS5 accumulates in nuclear structures and strongly promotes the acetylation of MTs that aberrantly reorganize in nested structures. Similarly, NS5 accumulates the p62 protein, an autophagic-flux marker. Therefore, NS5 alters events that are under the control of the autophagic tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. HDAC6 appears to degrade NS5 by autophagy in a deacetylase- and BUZ domain-dependent manner and to control the cytoplasmic expression of NS5. Moreover, NS5 inhibits RNA-mediated RIG-I interferon (IFN) production, resulting in greater activity when autophagy is inhibited (i.e., effect correlated with NS5 stability). Therefore, it is conceivable that NS5 contributes to cell toxicity and pathogenesis, evading the IFN-immune response by overcoming HDAC6 functions. HDAC6 has emerged as an anti-ZIKV factor by targeting NS5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Department of Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peterson JJ, Lewis CA, Burgos SD, Manickam A, Xu Y, Rowley AA, Clutton G, Richardson B, Zou F, Simon JM, Margolis DM, Goonetilleke N, Browne EP. A histone deacetylase network regulates epigenetic reprogramming and viral silencing in HIV-infected cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1617-1633.e9. [PMID: 38134881 PMCID: PMC10754471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A long-lived latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells persists with antiretroviral therapy and prevents cure. We report that the emergence of latently infected primary CD4 T cells requires the activity of histone deacetylase enzymes HDAC1/2 and HDAC3. Data from targeted HDAC molecules, an HDAC3-directed PROTAC, and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout experiments converge on a model where either HDAC1/2 or HDAC3 targeting can prevent latency, whereas all three enzymes must be targeted to achieve latency reversal. Furthermore, HDACi treatment targets features of memory T cells that are linked to proviral latency and persistence. Latency prevention is associated with increased H3K9ac at the proviral LTR promoter region and decreased H3K9me3, suggesting that this epigenetic switch is a key proviral silencing mechanism that depends on HDAC activity. These findings support further mechanistic work on latency initiation and eventual clinical studies of HDAC inhibitors to interfere with latency initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson J Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Catherine A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel D Burgos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ashokkumar Manickam
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Allison A Rowley
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Genevieve Clutton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Edward P Browne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang J, Liu Y, Yin H, Xie S, Zhang L, Dong X, Ni H, Bu W, Ma H, Liu P, Zhu H, Guo R, Sun L, Wu Y, Qin J, Sun B, Li D, Luo HR, Liu M, Xuan C, Zhou J. HDAC6 deacetylates IDH1 to promote the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56009. [PMID: 37642636 PMCID: PMC10561360 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are cells mainly present in the bone marrow and capable of forming mature blood cells. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the homeostasis of HSPCs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate an important role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating this process. Our data show that the percentage of HSPCs in Hdac6 knockout mice is lower than in wild-type mice due to decreased HSPC proliferation. HDAC6 interacts with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and deacetylates IDH1 at lysine 233. The deacetylation of IDH1 inhibits its catalytic activity and thereby decreases the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) target genes, changing gene expression patterns to promote the proliferation of HSPCs. These findings uncover a role for HDAC6 and IDH1 in regulating the homeostasis of HSPCs and may have implications for the treatment of hematological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Songbo Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xifeng Dong
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Weiwen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Rongxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Baofa Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital Boston, Dana‐Farber/Harvard Cancer CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue HomeostasisHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjinChina
| | - Chenghao Xuan
- The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, García-Luis J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13104. [PMID: 37685911 PMCID: PMC10487602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 has evolved a plethora of strategies to overcome the cytoskeletal barrier (i.e., actin and intermediate filaments (AFs and IFs) and microtubules (MTs)) to achieve the viral cycle. HIV-1 modifies cytoskeletal organization and dynamics by acting on associated adaptors and molecular motors to productively fuse, enter, and infect cells and then traffic to the cell surface, where virions assemble and are released to spread infection. The HIV-1 envelope (Env) initiates the cycle by binding to and signaling through its main cell surface receptors (CD4/CCR5/CXCR4) to shape the cytoskeleton for fusion pore formation, which permits viral core entry. Then, the HIV-1 capsid is transported to the nucleus associated with cytoskeleton tracks under the control of specific adaptors/molecular motors, as well as HIV-1 accessory proteins. Furthermore, HIV-1 drives the late stages of the viral cycle by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics to assure viral Pr55Gag expression and transport to the cell surface, where it assembles and buds to mature infectious virions. In this review, we therefore analyze how HIV-1 generates a cell-permissive state to infection by regulating the cytoskeleton and associated factors. Likewise, we discuss the relevance of this knowledge to understand HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in patients and to develop therapeutic strategies to battle HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
- Analysis Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qu M, Zhang H, Cheng P, Wubshet AK, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Histone deacetylase 6's function in viral infection, innate immunity, and disease: latest advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216548. [PMID: 37638049 PMCID: PMC10450946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the family of histone-deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) stands out. The cytoplasmic class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is essential for many cellular functions. It plays a crucial and debatable regulatory role in innate antiviral immunity. This review summarises the current state of our understanding of HDAC6's structure and function in light of the three mechanisms by which it controls DNA and RNA virus infection: cytoskeleton regulation, host innate immune response, and autophagy degradation of host or viral proteins. In addition, we summed up how HDAC6 inhibitors are used to treat a wide range of diseases, and how its upstream signaling plays a role in the antiviral mechanism. Together, the findings of this review highlight HDAC6's importance as a new therapeutic target in antiviral immunity, innate immune response, and some diseases, all of which offer promising new avenues for the development of drugs targeting the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Duan P, Qiu R, Fang L, Fang P, Xiao S. HDAC6 Degrades nsp8 of Porcine Deltacoronavirus through Deacetylation and Ubiquitination to Inhibit Viral Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0037523. [PMID: 37133375 PMCID: PMC10231189 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00375-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that has the potential to infect humans. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique type IIb cytoplasmic deacetylase with both deacetylase activity and ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, which mediates a variety of cellular processes by deacetylating histone and nonhistone substrates. In this study, we found that ectopic expression of HDAC6 significantly inhibited PDCoV replication, while the reverse effects could be observed after treatment with an HDAC6-specific inhibitor (tubacin) or knockdown of HDAC6 expression by specific small interfering RNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HDAC6 interacted with viral nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) in the context of PDCoV infection, resulting in its proteasomal degradation, which was dependent on the deacetylation activity of HDAC6. We further identified the key amino acid residues lysine 46 (K46) and K58 of nsp8 as acetylation and ubiquitination sites, respectively, which were required for HDAC6-mediated degradation. Through a PDCoV reverse genetics system, we confirmed that recombinant PDCoV with a mutation at either K46 or K58 exhibited resistance to the antiviral activity of HDAC6, thereby exhibiting higher replication compared with wild-type PDCoV. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the function of HDAC6 in regulating PDCoV infection and provide new strategies for the development of anti-PDCoV drugs. IMPORTANCE As an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with zoonotic potential, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has sparked tremendous attention. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a critical deacetylase with both deacetylase activity and ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and is extensively involved in many important physiological processes. However, little is known about the role of HDAC6 in the infection and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Our present study demonstrates that HDAC6 targets PDCoV-encoded nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) for proteasomal degradation through the deacetylation at the lysine 46 (K46) and the ubiquitination at K58, suppressing viral replication. Recombinant PDCoV with a mutation at K46 and/or K58 of nsp8 displayed resistance to the antiviral activity of HDAC6. Our work provides significant insights into the role of HDAC6 in regulating PDCoV infection, opening avenues for the development of novel anti-PDCoV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Runhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Estévez-Herrera J, García-Luis J, Trujillo-González R, Valenzuela-Fernández A. TDP-43 Controls HIV-1 Viral Production and Virus Infectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087658. [PMID: 37108826 PMCID: PMC10142003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) is known to stabilize the anti-HIV-1 factor, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). TDP-43 has been reported to determine cell permissivity to HIV-1 fusion and infection acting on tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. Here, we studied the functional involvement of TDP-43 in the late stages of the HIV-1 viral cycle. The overexpression of TDP-43, in virus-producing cells, stabilized HDAC6 (i.e., mRNA and protein) and triggered the autophagic clearance of HIV-1 Pr55Gag and Vif proteins. These events inhibited viral particle production and impaired virion infectiveness, observing a reduction in the amount of Pr55Gag and Vif proteins incorporated into virions. A nuclear localization signal (NLS)-TDP-43 mutant was not able to control HIV-1 viral production and infection. Likewise, specific TDP-43-knockdown reduced HDAC6 expression (i.e., mRNA and protein) and increased the expression level of HIV-1 Vif and Pr55Gag proteins and α-tubulin acetylation. Thus, TDP-43 silencing favored virion production and enhanced virus infectious capacity, thereby increasing the amount of Vif and Pr55Gag proteins incorporated into virions. Noteworthy, there was a direct relationship between the content of Vif and Pr55Gag proteins in virions and their infection capacity. Therefore, for TDP-43, the TDP-43/HDAC6 axis could be considered a key factor to control HIV-1 viral production and virus infectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Analysis Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38296 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio "Inmunología Celular y Viral", Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carmona B, Marinho HS, Matos CL, Nolasco S, Soares H. Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications: The Elusive Roles of Acetylation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040561. [PMID: 37106761 PMCID: PMC10136095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers found in all eukaryotes, are involved in cytoplasm spatial organization, intracellular transport, cell polarity, migration and division, and in cilia biology. MTs functional diversity depends on the differential expression of distinct tubulin isotypes and is amplified by a vast number of different post-translational modifications (PTMs). The addition/removal of PTMs to α- or β-tubulins is catalyzed by specific enzymes and allows combinatory patterns largely enriching the distinct biochemical and biophysical properties of MTs, creating a code read by distinct proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which allow cellular responses. This review is focused on tubulin-acetylation, whose cellular roles continue to generate debate. We travel through the experimental data pointing to α-tubulin Lys40 acetylation role as being a MT stabilizer and a typical PTM of long lived MTs, to the most recent data, suggesting that Lys40 acetylation enhances MT flexibility and alters the mechanical properties of MTs, preventing MTs from mechanical aging characterized by structural damage. Additionally, we discuss the regulation of tubulin acetyltransferases/desacetylases and their impacts on cell physiology. Finally, we analyze how changes in MT acetylation levels have been found to be a general response to stress and how they are associated with several human pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lopes Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu W, Yan P, Zhou Z, Yao J, Pan H, Jiang L, Bo Z, Ni B, Sun M, Gao S, Huan C. HDAC6 Triggers the ATM-Dependent DNA Damage Response To Promote PRV Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0213222. [PMID: 36951571 PMCID: PMC10101138 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02132-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection is modulated by various cellular host factors. In this study, we investigated the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in this process. We determined HDAC6 expression in vitro and performed gene knockout, pharmacological inhibition analyses, immunofluorescence assays, and statistical analyses. We found that the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HDAC6 significantly decreased PRV replication, whereas its overexpression promoted PRV replication. Additionally, we demonstrated that PRV infection can induce the phosphorylation of histone H2AX and lead to DNA damage response (DDR), and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor KU55933 inhibits DDR and PRV infection. Mechanistically, the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin and HDAC6 knockout can decrease DDR. The results of this study suggested that HDAC6 may be a crucial factor in PRV-induced ATM-dependent DDR to promote PRV replication. IMPORTANCE Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae. PRV infection in swine can lead to high morbidity and mortality of swine, causing huge economic losses. In particular, PRV variants can cause severe damage to the nervous and respiratory systems of humans, revealing that PRV may be a potential zoonotic pathogen. Vaccines for PRV have been developed that can delay or reduce the epidemic, but they currently cannot eliminate this disease completely. Therefore, studies should investigate new targets for the prevention and control of PRV infection. In this study, we demonstrated that HDAC6 can induce ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent DNA damage response to foster PRV replication, indicating that HDAC6 is a therapeutic target for PRV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Yao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haochun Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ni
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changchao Huan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Contribution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092172. [PMID: 36140273 PMCID: PMC9495913 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) Regulates Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection by Acting on HDAC6. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116180. [PMID: 35682862 PMCID: PMC9181786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) influences the processing of diverse transcripts, including that of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Here, we assessed TDP-43 activity in terms of regulating CD4+ T-cell permissivity to HIV-1 infection. We observed that overexpression of wt-TDP-43 increased both mRNA and protein levels of HDAC6, resulting in impaired HIV-1 infection independently of the viral envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) tropism. Consistently, using an HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-to-cell fusion model, the overexpression of TDP-43 levels negatively affected viral Env fusion capacity. Silencing of endogenous TDP-43 significantly decreased HDAC6 levels and increased the fusogenic and infection activities of the HIV-1 Env. Using pseudovirus bearing primary viral Envs from HIV-1 individuals, overexpression of wt-TDP-43 strongly reduced the infection activity of Envs from viremic non-progressors (VNP) and rapid progressors (RP) patients down to the levels of the inefficient HIV-1 Envs observed in long-term non-progressor elite controllers (LTNP-EC). On the contrary, silencing endogenous TDP-43 significantly favored the infectivity of primary Envs from VNP and RP individuals, and notably increased the infection of those from LTNP-EC. Taken together, our results indicate that TDP-43 shapes cell permissivity to HIV-1 infection, affecting viral Env fusion and infection capacities by altering the HDAC6 levels and associated tubulin-deacetylase anti-HIV-1 activity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pérez-Yanes S, Pernas M, Marfil S, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Ortiz R, Urrea V, Rovirosa C, Estévez-Herrera J, Olivares I, Casado C, Lopez-Galindez C, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The Characteristics of the HIV-1 Env Glycoprotein Are Linked With Viral Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:763039. [PMID: 35401460 PMCID: PMC8988142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.763039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and clinical progression is incomplete due to the variable contribution of host, immune, and viral factors. The involvement of viral factors has been investigated in extreme clinical phenotypes from rapid progressors to long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). Among HIV-1 proteins, the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) has been concentrated on in many studies for its important role in the immune response and in the first steps of viral replication. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of 41 Envs from 24 patients with different clinical progression rates and viral loads (VLs), LTNP-Elite Controllers (LTNP-ECs); Viremic LTNPs (vLTNPs), and non-controller individuals contemporary to LTNPs or recent, named Old and Modern progressors. We studied the Env expression, the fusion and cell-to-cell transfer capacities, as well as viral infectivity. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Envs were also performed. In every functional characteristic, the Envs from subjects with viral control (LTNP-ECs and vLTNPs) showed significant lower performance compared to those from the progressor individuals (Old and Modern). Regarding sequence analysis, the variable loops of the gp120 subunit of the Env (i.e., V2, V4, and mainly V5) of the progressor individuals showed longer and more glycosylated sequences than controller subjects. Therefore, HIV-1 Envs from virus of patients presenting viremic control and the non-progressor clinical phenotype showed poor viral functions and shorter sequences, whereas functional Envs were associated with virus of patients lacking virological control and with progressor clinical phenotypes. These correlations support the role of Env genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in the in vivo HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Pernas
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Urrea
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Rovirosa
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isabel Olivares
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Casado
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Concepción Casado,
| | - Cecilio Lopez-Galindez
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cecilio Lopez-Galindez,
| | - Julià Blanco
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
- Julià Blanco,
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morales-Tarré O, Alonso-Bastida R, Arcos-Encarnación B, Pérez-Martínez L, Encarnación-Guevara S. Protein lysine acetylation and its role in different human pathologies: a proteomic approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:949-975. [PMID: 34791964 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) regulated through the action of specific types of enzymes: lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (HDACs), in addition to bromodomains, which are a group of conserved domains which identify acetylated lysine residues, several of the players in the process of protein acetylation, including enzymes and bromodomain-containing proteins, have been related to the progression of several diseases. The combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and immunoprecipitation to enrich acetylated peptides has contributed in recent years to expand the knowledge about this PTM described initially in histones and nuclear proteins, and is currently reported in more than 5000 human proteins, that are regulated by this PTM. AREAS COVERED This review presents an overview of the main participant elements, the scenario in the development of protein lysine acetylation, and its role in different human pathologies. EXPERT OPINION Acetylation targets are practically all cellular processes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes organisms. Consequently, this modification has been linked to many pathologies like cancer, viral infection, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and nervous system-associated diseases, to mention a few relevant examples. Accordingly, some intermediate mediators in the acetylation process have been projected as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Morales-Tarré
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Alonso-Bastida
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Bolivar Arcos-Encarnación
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular Y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular Y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Post-translational modifications and stabilization of microtubules regulate transport of viral factors during infections. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1735-1748. [PMID: 34436545 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) constitute a source of diversity for microtubule (MT) functions, in addition to the different isotypes of α and β-tubulin acting as building blocks of MTs. Also, MT-associated proteins (MAPs) confer different characteristics to MTs. The combination of all these factors regulates the stability of these structures that act as rails to transport organelles within the cell, facilitating the association of motor complexes. All these functions are involved in crucial cellular processes in most cell types, ranging from spindle formation in mitosis to the defense against incoming cellular threats during phagocytosis mediated by immune cells. The regulation of MT dynamics through tubulin PTMs has evolved to depend on many different factors that act in a complex orchestrated manner. These tightly regulated processes are particularly relevant during the induction of effective immune responses against pathogens. Viruses have proved not only to hijack MTs and MAPs in order to favor an efficient infection, but also to induce certain PTMs that improve their cellular spread and lead to secondary consequences of viral processes. In this review, we offer a perspective on relevant MT-related elements exploited by viruses.
Collapse
|
16
|
P300-mediated NEDD4 acetylation drives ebolavirus VP40 egress by enhancing NEDD4 ligase activity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009616. [PMID: 34111220 PMCID: PMC8191996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The final stage of Ebola virus (EBOV) replication is budding from host cells, where the matrix protein VP40 is essential for driving this process. Many post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination are involved in VP40 egress, but acetylation has not been studied yet. Here, we characterize NEDD4 is acetylated at a conserved Lys667 mediated by the acetyltransferase P300 which drives VP40 egress process. Importantly, P300-mediated NEDD4 acetylation promotes NEDD4-VP40 interaction which enhances NEDD4 E3 ligase activity and is essential for the activation of VP40 ubiquitination and subsequent egress. Finally, we find that Zaire ebolavirus production is dramatically reduced in P300 knockout cell lines, suggesting that P300-mediated NEDD4 acetylation may have a physiological effect on Ebola virus life cycle. Thus, our study identifies an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism that governs VP40 ubiquitination and provides insights into how acetylation controls EBOV VP40 egress. Ebola virus (EBOV) is one of the deadliest pathogens, causing fatal hemorrhagic fever diseases in humans and primates. In this study, we find that P300-mediated NEDD4 acetylation facilitates EBOV egress. Acetylation promotes NEDD4-VP40 interactions which enhances NEDD4 E3 ligase activity and is essential for the activation of VP40 ubiquitination and subsequent egress. This study implies that inhibitory effect of acetylation can be regarded as an attractive candidate of drug target for the treatment of Ebola virus disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Yanes S, Estévez-Herrera J, Márquez-Arce D, Cabrera C, Espert L, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661446. [PMID: 33995324 PMCID: PMC8113651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is still a global threat despite the notable efforts made by the scientific and health communities to understand viral infection, to design new drugs or to improve existing ones, as well as to develop advanced therapies and vaccine designs for functional cure and viral eradication. The identification and analysis of HIV-1 positive individuals that naturally control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment has provided clues about cellular processes that could interact with viral proteins and RNA and define subsequent viral replication and clinical progression. This is the case of autophagy, a degradative process that not only maintains cell homeostasis by recycling misfolded/old cellular elements to obtain nutrients, but is also relevant in the innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, such as HIV-1. Several studies suggest that early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as virus binding to CD4 or membrane fusion, allow the virus to modulate autophagy pathways preparing cells to be permissive for viral infection. Confirming this interplay, strategies based on autophagy modulation are able to inhibit early steps of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, autophagy dysregulation in late steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle may promote autophagic cell-death of CD4+ T cells or control of HIV-1 latency, likely contributing to disease progression and HIV persistence in infected individuals. In this scenario, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/autophagy interplay may contribute to the development of new strategies to control HIV-1 replication. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and the early events of HIV-1 infection, and how autophagy modulation could impair or benefit HIV-1 infection and persistence, impacting viral pathogenesis, immune control of viral replication, and clinical progression of HIV-1 infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel Márquez-Arce
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucile Espert
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julià Blanco
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, e IUETSPC de la Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang H, Yang C, Li Y, Zhao S, Ma P, Mao B. RNF220-mediated ubiquitination promotes aggresomal accumulation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic Gli via HDAC6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:323-328. [PMID: 33895473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog acts as a key mitogen to drive cell proliferation and as a morphogen to direct cell differentiation during embryonic development and adult tissue maintenance by controlling the activities of its transcriptional effectors Glis. We previously reported that RNF220 controls the nuclear translocation and subcellular localization of Glis by promoting their K63-linked polyubiquitination, through which it fine tunes Shh/Gli gradients during ventral spinal cord patterning. RNF220 also epigenetically regulates Shh signaling by targeting epifactor EED in cerebellar development. Here, we continued to study the molecular events underlying RNF220-mediated Shh regulation in the cytoplasm. The results showed that HDAC6 is required for RNF220-induced Gli accumulation in the cytoskeletal fraction and inclusion in aggresomes. In the cytoplasm, Glis polyubiquitinated by RNF220 are prone to interact with p62 and destined for autophagy-mediated degradation. Additionally, we showed that RNF220 inhibits the processing of Gli2 and Gli3 both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our studies shed new light on Shh signaling regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic and Resources, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Chencheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic and Resources, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic and Resources, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic and Resources, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic and Resources, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prejanò M, Vidossich P, Russo N, De Vivo M, Marino T. Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of Domains CD1 and CD2 in Histone Deacetylase 6 from Quantum Calculations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Epigenetic Compound Screening Uncovers Small Molecules for Reactivation of Latent HIV-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01815-20. [PMID: 33139279 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01815-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), latent reservoirs are established that circumvent full eradication of the virus by antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are the source for viral rebound after cessation of therapy. As these reservoirs are phenotypically indistinguishable from infected cells, current strategies aim to reactivate these reservoirs, followed by pharmaceutical and immunological destruction of the cells. Here, we employed a simple and convenient cell-based reporter system, which enables sample handling under biosafety level (BSL)-1 conditions, to screen for compounds that were able to reactivate latent HIV-1. The assay showed a high dynamic signal range and reproducibility with an average Z-factor of 0.77, classifying the system as robust. The assay was used for high-throughput screening (HTS) of an epigenetic compound library in combination with titration and cell-toxicity studies and revealed several potential new latency-reversing agents (LRAs). Further validation in well-known latency model systems verified earlier studies and identified two novel compounds with very high reactivation efficiencies and low toxicity. Both drugs, namely, N-hydroxy-4-(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl)benzamide (HPOB) and 2',3'-difluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 2-butylhydrazide (SR-4370), showed comparable performances to other already known LRAs, did not activate CD4+ T cells, and did not cause changes in the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as shown by flow cytometry analyses. Both compounds may represent effective new treatment possibilities for reversal of latency in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Collapse
|
21
|
Marrero-Hernández S, Márquez-Arce D, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Estévez-Herrera J, Pérez-Yanes S, Barroso-González J, Madrid R, Machado JD, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. HIV-1 Nef Targets HDAC6 to Assure Viral Production and Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2437. [PMID: 31736889 PMCID: PMC6831784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV Nef is a central auxiliary protein in HIV infection and pathogenesis. Our results indicate that HDAC6 promotes the aggresome/autophagic degradation of the viral polyprotein Pr55Gag to inhibit HIV-1 production. Nef counteracts this antiviral activity of HDAC6 by inducing its degradation and subsequently stabilizing Pr55Gag and Vif viral proteins. Nef appears to neutralize HDAC6 by an acidic/endosomal-lysosomal processing and does not need the downregulation function, since data obtained with the non-associated cell-surface Nef-G2A mutant - the cytoplasmic location of HDAC6 - together with studies with chemical inhibitors and other Nef mutants, point to this direction. Hence, the polyproline rich region P72xxP75 (69-77 aa) and the di-Leucin motif in the Nef-ExxxLL160-165 sequence of Nef, appear to be responsible for HDAC6 clearance and, therefore, required for this novel Nef proviral function. Nef and Nef-G2A co-immunoprecipitate with HDAC6, whereas the Nef-PPAA mutant showed a reduced interaction with the anti-HIV-1 enzyme. Thus, the P72xxP75 motif appears to be responsible, directly or indirectly, for the interaction of Nef with HDAC6. Remarkably, by neutralizing HDAC6, Nef assures Pr55Gag location and aggregation at plasma membrane, as observed by TIRFM, promotes viral egress, and enhances the infectivity of viral particles. Consequently, our results suggest that HDAC6 acts as an anti-HIV-1 restriction factor, limiting viral production and infection by targeting Pr55Gag and Vif. This function is counteracted by functional HIV-1 Nef, in order to assure viral production and infection capacities. The interplay between HIV-1 Nef and cellular HDAC6 may determine viral infection and pathogenesis, representing both molecules as key targets to battling HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marrero-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Daniel Márquez-Arce
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jonathan Barroso-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- BioAssays SL, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José-David Machado
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya, UVIC-UCC, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.,Unidad Virología y Microbiología del IUETSPC, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wenzel ED, Speidell A, Flowers SA, Wu C, Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition rescues axonal transport impairments and prevents the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:674. [PMID: 31515470 PMCID: PMC6742654 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful antiretroviral drug therapy, a subset of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive individuals still display synaptodendritic simplifications and functional cognitive impairments referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). The neurological damage observed in HAND subjects can be experimentally reproduced by the HIV envelope protein gp120. However, the complete mechanism of gp120-mediated neurotoxicity is not entirely understood. Gp120 binds to neuronal microtubules and decreases the level of tubulin acetylation, suggesting that it may impair axonal transport. In this study, we utilized molecular and pharmacological approaches, in addition to microscopy, to examine the relationship between gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation, axonal transport, and neuronal loss. Using primary rat cortical neurons, we show that gp120 decreases acetylation of tubulin and increases histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic enzyme that regulates tubulin deacetylation. We also demonstrate that the selective HDAC6 inhibitors tubacin and ACY-1215, which prevented gp120-mediated deacetylation of tubulin, inhibited the ability of gp120 to promote neurite shortening and cell death. We further observed by co-immunoprecipitation and confirmed with mass spectroscopy that exposure of neurons to gp120 decreases the association between tubulin and motor proteins, a well-established consequence of tubulin deacetylation. To assess the physiological consequences of this effect, we examined the axonal transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We report that gp120 decreases the velocity of BDNF transport, which was restored to baseline levels when neurons were exposed to HDAC6 inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation causes impairment of axonal transport through alterations to the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Andrew Speidell
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Loboda AP, Soond SM, Piacentini M, Barlev NA. Lysine-specific post-translational modifications of proteins in the life cycle of viruses. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1995-2005. [PMID: 31291816 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1639305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of protein post-translational modifications (PTM) is one of the critical mechanisms of regulation of many cellular processes, which makes it an attractive target for various viruses. Since viruses cannot replicate on their own, they have developed unique abilities to alter metabolic and signaling cell pathways, including protein PTMs, to ensure faithful replication of their genomes. This review describes several ways of how lysine-specific PTMs are used by various viruses to ensure its successful invasion and replication. Covalent modifications like acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation form a complex system of reversible and often competing modifications, which adds an additional level of complexity to the system of regulation of the activity of host proteins involved in viral replication and propagation. In furthering these, we also describe the manner in which PTM pathways can also be accosted by various types of viruses to neutralize the host's cellular mechanisms for anti-viral protection and highlight key areas for future therapeutic targeting and design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Loboda
- a Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region , Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- c Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science , St-Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- a Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region , Russian Federation.,c Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science , St-Petersburg , Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins isolated from Viremic Non-Progressor individuals are fully functional and cytopathic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5544. [PMID: 30944395 PMCID: PMC6447548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, viremia is positively associated with disease progression. However, some viremic non progressors (VNPs) individuals show paradoxical high CD4+ T cell counts. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) is a major cytopathic determinant in viral replication; therefore, we have deeply characterized Env function in this rare clinical phenotype. Full-length Env clones isolated from individuals with Viral Load (VL) > 10,000 copies/mL classified as VNPs (n = 15) or rapid progressors (RPs, n = 17) were geno- and phenotypically analyzed by determining diversity, expression, CD4 binding/signaling, fusogenicity, infectivity and autophagy induction. Selected Env clones from VNPs and RPs (n = 32) showed similar expression, fusion and infection abilities. Env clones from both groups showed similar affinity for CD4 during cell-to-cell transmission and consistently induced similar levels of CD4 signaling, measured by α-tubulin acetylation. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that primary Env clones from VNP and RP induce autophagy in uninfected cells and that this feature correlated with fusogenic capacity but was unrelated to disease progression. In conclusion, our data suggest that Env clones from VNP individuals are fully functional. Therefore, the paradoxical CD4+ T cell count stability coexisting with high levels of viral replication is unrelated to Env function.
Collapse
|
25
|
HDAC6 Restricts Influenza A Virus by Deacetylation of the RNA Polymerase PA Subunit. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01896-18. [PMID: 30518648 PMCID: PMC6364008 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01896-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to threaten global public health due to drug resistance and the emergence of frequently mutated strains. Thus, it is critical to find new strategies to control IAV infection. Here, we discover one host protein, HDAC6, that can inhibit viral RNA polymerase activity by deacetylating PA and thus suppresses virus RNA replication and transcription. Previously, it was reported that IAV can utilize the HDAC6-dependent aggresome formation mechanism to promote virus uncoating, but HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of α-tubulin inhibits viral protein trafficking at late stages of the virus life cycle. These findings together will contribute to a better understanding of the role of HDAC6 in regulating IAV infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDAC6 at various periods of viral infection may illuminate novel strategies for developing antiviral drugs. The life cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) is modulated by various cellular host factors. Although previous studies indicated that IAV infection is controlled by HDAC6, the deacetylase involved in the regulation of PA remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC6 acts as a negative regulator of IAV infection by destabilizing PA. HDAC6 binds to and deacetylates PA, thereby promoting the proteasomal degradation of PA. Based on mass spectrometric analysis, Lys(664) of PA can be deacetylated by HDAC6, and the residue is crucial for PA protein stability. The deacetylase activity of HDAC6 is required for anti-IAV activity, because IAV infection was enhanced due to elevated IAV RNA polymerase activity upon HDAC6 depletion and an HDAC6 deacetylase dead mutant (HDAC6-DM; H216A, H611A). Finally, we also demonstrate that overexpression of HDAC6 suppresses IAV RNA polymerase activity, but HDAC6-DM does not. Taken together, our findings provide initial evidence that HDAC6 plays a negative role in IAV RNA polymerase activity by deacetylating PA and thus restricts IAV RNA transcription and replication. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to threaten global public health due to drug resistance and the emergence of frequently mutated strains. Thus, it is critical to find new strategies to control IAV infection. Here, we discover one host protein, HDAC6, that can inhibit viral RNA polymerase activity by deacetylating PA and thus suppresses virus RNA replication and transcription. Previously, it was reported that IAV can utilize the HDAC6-dependent aggresome formation mechanism to promote virus uncoating, but HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of α-tubulin inhibits viral protein trafficking at late stages of the virus life cycle. These findings together will contribute to a better understanding of the role of HDAC6 in regulating IAV infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDAC6 at various periods of viral infection may illuminate novel strategies for developing antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ran J, Zhou J. Targeted inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 in inflammatory diseases. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:405-412. [PMID: 30666796 PMCID: PMC6397899 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic modification of gene expression represents a promising new approach under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification, play a crucial role in a number of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and contact hypersensitivity. Consistent with this role, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In particular, selective inhibitors of HDAC6, a cytoplasmic member of the HDAC family that contains two deacetylase domains, are under investigation as a potential treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases due to their ability to regulate inflammatory cells and cytokines. Here, we review recent findings highlighting the critical roles of HDAC6 in a variety of inflammatory diseases, and discuss the therapeutic potential of HDAC6 inhibitors in these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee JS, Ismail AM, Lee JY, Zhou X, Materne EC, Chodosh J, Rajaiya J. Impact of dynamin 2 on adenovirus nuclear entry. Virology 2019; 529:43-56. [PMID: 30660774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The large GTPase dynamin 2 controls both endosomal fission and microtubule acetylation. Here we report that dynamin 2 alters microtubules and regulates the trafficking of human adenovirus type 37. Dynamin 2 knockdown by siRNA in infected cells resulted in accumulation of acetylated tubulin, repositioning of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) closer to cell nuclei, increased virus in the cytosol (with a compensatory decrease in endosomal virus), reduced proinflammatory cytokine induction, and increased binding of virus to the nucleoporin, Nup358. These events led to increased viral DNA nuclear entry and viral replication. Overexpression of dynamin 2 generated opposite effects. Therefore, dynamin 2 inhibits adenovirus replication and promotes innate immune responses by the infected cell. MTOC transposition in dynamin 2 knockdown promotes a closer association with nuclear pore complexes to facilitate viral DNA delivery. Dynamin 2 plays a key role in adenoviral trafficking and influences host responses to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Lee
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashrafali M Ismail
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emma C Materne
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Howe Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang L, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zhang L, Song W. Zinc binding groups for histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:714-721. [PMID: 29616828 PMCID: PMC6009916 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1417274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc binding groups (ZBGs) play a crucial role in targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) to the active site of histone deacetylases (HDACs), thus determining the potency of HDACIs. Due to the high affinity to the zinc ion, hydroxamic acid is the most commonly used ZBG in the structure of HDACs. An alternative ZBG is benzamide group, which features excellent inhibitory selectivity for class I HDACs. Various ZBGs have been designed and tested to improve the activity and selectivity of HDACIs, and to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of current HDACIs. Herein, different kinds of ZBGs are reviewed and their features have been discussed for further design of HDACIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sirtuin 2 Isoform 1 Enhances Hepatitis B Virus RNA Transcription and DNA Synthesis through the AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00955-18. [PMID: 30111572 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00955-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is overexpressed in many hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and can deacetylate many proteins, including tubulins and AKT, prior to AKT activation. Here, we found that endogenous Sirt2 was upregulated in wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV WT)-replicating cells, leading to tubulin deacetylation; however, this was not the case in HBV replication-deficient-mutant-transfected cells and 1.3-mer HBV WT-transfected and reverse transcriptase inhibitor (entecavir or lamivudine)-treated cells, but all HBV proteins were expressed. In HBV WT-replicating cells, upregulation of Sirt2 induced AKT activation, which consequently downregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and increased β-catenin levels; however, downregulation of Sirt2 in HBV-nonreplicating cells impaired AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of Sirt2 isoform 1 stimulated HBV transcription and consequently HBV DNA synthesis, which in turn activated AKT and consequently increased β-catenin levels, possibly through physical interactions with Sirt2 and AKT. Knockdown of Sirt2 by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), inhibition by 2-cyano-3-[5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]-N-5-quinolinyl-2-propenamide (AGK2), or dominant negative mutant expression inhibited HBV replication, reduced AKT activation, and decreased β-catenin levels. Through HBV infection, we demonstrated that Sirt2 knockdown inhibited HBV replication from transcription. Although HBx itself activates AKT and upregulates β-catenin, Sirt2-mediated signaling and upregulated HBV replication were HBx independent. Since constitutively active AKT inhibits HBV replication, the results suggest that upregulated Sirt2 and activated AKT may balance HBV replication to prolong viral replication, eventually leading to the development of HCC. Also, the results indicate that Sirt2 inhibition may be a new therapeutic option for controlling HBV infection and preventing HCC.IMPORTANCE Even though Sirt2, a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is overexpressed in many HCCs, and overexpressed Sirt2 promotes hepatic fibrosis and associates positively with vascular invasion by primary HCCs through AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, the relationship between Sirt2, HBV, HBx, and/or HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is unclear. Here, we show that HBV DNA replication, not HBV expression, correlates positively with Sirt2 upregulation and AKT activation. We demonstrate that overexpression of Sirt2 further increases HBV replication, increases AKT activation, downregulates GSK-3β, and increases β-catenin levels. Conversely, inhibiting Sirt2 decreases HBV replication, reduces AKT activation, and decreases β-catenin levels. Although HBx activates AKT to upregulate β-catenin, Sirt2-mediated effects were not dependent on HBx. The results also indicate that a Sirt2 inhibitor may control HBV infection and prevent the development of hepatic fibrosis and HCC.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen L, Keppler OT, Schölz C. Post-translational Modification-Based Regulation of HIV Replication. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2131. [PMID: 30254620 PMCID: PMC6141784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relies heavily on the host cellular machinery for production of viral progeny. To exploit cellular proteins for replication and to overcome host factors with antiviral activity, HIV has evolved a set of regulatory and accessory proteins to shape an optimized environment for its replication and to facilitate evasion from the immune system. Several cellular pathways are hijacked by the virus to modulate critical steps during the viral life cycle. Thereby, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of viral and cellular proteins gain increasingly attention as modifying enzymes regulate virtually every step of the viral replication cycle. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HIV-host interactions influenced by PTMs with a special focus on acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation of proteins linked to cellular signaling and viral replication. Insights into these interactions are surmised to aid development of new intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schölz
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Walsh D, Naghavi MH. Exploitation of Cytoskeletal Networks during Early Viral Infection. Trends Microbiol 2018; 27:39-50. [PMID: 30033343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Being dependent upon host transport systems to navigate the cytoplasm, viruses have evolved various strategies to manipulate cytoskeletal functions. Generally, viruses use the actin cytoskeleton to control entry and short-range transport at the cell periphery and exploit microtubules (MTs) for longer-range cytosolic transport, in some cases to reach the nucleus. While earlier studies established the fundamental importance of these networks to successful infection, the mechanistic details and true extent to which viruses usurp highly specialized host cytoskeletal regulators and motor adaptors is only beginning to emerge. This review outlines our current understanding of how cytoskeletal regulation contributes specifically to the early stages of viral infection, with a primary focus on retroviruses and herpesviruses as examples of recent advances in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dynamic localization of α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 through the cell cycle in human fibroblastic KD cells. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:217-226. [PMID: 29869029 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of α-tubulin is a well-studied posttranscriptional modification, which is mostly catalyzed by α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase (ATAT1). ATAT1 possibly affects various cellular functions related with microtubules, such as intracellular transport, cell motility, cilia formation, and neuronal signaling. Here, we analyzed the subcellular localization of immunolabeled ATAT1 in human fibroblast KD cells through the cell cycle using confocal laser scanning microscopy. ATAT1 dramatically changed its localization through the cell cycle, depending on the mitotic phase. In interphase, immunolabeled ATAT1 was observed in centrioles, nuclei, and basal bodies if the cells projected primary cilia. ATAT1 was intensely detected as clusters in the nuclei in the G1-G2 phase. In telophase, ATAT1 colocalized with chromatids and spindle poles, and ultimately migrated to the daughter nucleus, newly synthesized centrioles, and midbody. The nucleolus is a core region of ribosomal RNA transcription, and the midbody is associated with severing and depolymerizing of microtubules in the stembody. The specific distributions of ATAT1 through the cell cycle suggest multiple functions of ATAT1, which could include acetylation of microtubules, RNA transcription activity, severing microtubules, and completion of cytokinesis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Casado C, Marrero-Hernández S, Márquez-Arce D, Pernas M, Marfil S, Borràs-Grañana F, Olivares I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Valera MS, de Armas-Rillo L, Lemey P, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A, Lopez-Galíndez C. Viral Characteristics Associated with the Clinical Nonprogressor Phenotype Are Inherited by Viruses from a Cluster of HIV-1 Elite Controllers. mBio 2018; 9:e02338-17. [PMID: 29636433 PMCID: PMC5893881 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02338-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A small group of HIV-1-infected individuals, called long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), and in particular a subgroup of LTNPs, elite controllers (LTNP-ECs), display permanent control of viral replication and lack of clinical progression. This control is the result of a complex interaction of host, immune, and viral factors. We identified, by phylogenetic analysis, a cluster of LTNP-ECs infected with very similar low-replication HIV-1 viruses, suggesting the contribution of common viral features to the clinical LTNP-EC phenotype. HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates signaling and promotes HIV-1 fusion, entry, and infection, being a key factor of viral fitness in vitro, cytopathicity, and infection progression in vivo Therefore, we isolated full-length env genes from viruses of these patients and from chronically infected control individuals. Functional characterization of the initial events of the viral infection showed that Envs from the LTNP-ECs were ineffective in the binding to CD4 and in the key triggering of actin/tubulin-cytoskeleton modifications compared to Envs from chronic patients. The viral properties of the cluster viruses result in a defective viral fusion, entry, and infection, and these properties were inherited by every virus of the cluster. Therefore, inefficient HIV-1 Env functions and signaling defects may contribute to the low viral replication capacity and transmissibility of the cluster viruses, suggesting a direct role in the LTNP-EC phenotype of these individuals. These results highlight the important role of viral characteristics in the LTNP-EC clinical phenotype. These Env viral properties were common to all the cluster viruses and thus support the heritability of the viral characteristics.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 long-term nonprogressor elite controller patients, due to their permanent control of viral replication, have been the object of numerous studies to identify the factors responsible for this clinical phenotype. In this work, we analyzed the viral characteristics of the envelopes of viruses from a phylogenetic cluster of LTNP-EC patients. These envelopes showed ineffective binding to CD4 and the subsequent signaling activity to modify actin/tubulin cytoskeletons, which result in low fusion and deficient entry and infection capacities. These Env viral characteristics could explain the nonprogressor clinical phenotype of these patients. In addition, these inefficient env viral properties were present in all viruses of the cluster, supporting the heritability of the viral phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Casado
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Marrero-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel Márquez-Arce
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Pernas
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Marfil
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ferran Borràs-Grañana
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Olivares
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Valera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura de Armas-Rillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julià Blanco
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya, UVIC, Vic, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Cecilio Lopez-Galíndez
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040166. [PMID: 29614729 PMCID: PMC5923460 DOI: 10.3390/v10040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function.
Collapse
|
35
|
HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006799. [PMID: 29281743 PMCID: PMC5760107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence on HDAC6 function underlines its role as a key protein in the innate immune response to viral infection. However, whether HDAC6 regulates innate immunity during bacterial infection remains unexplored. To assess the role of HDAC6 in the regulation of defence mechanisms against intracellular bacteria, we used the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection model. Our data show that Hdac6-/- bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) have a higher bacterial load than Hdac6+/+ cells, correlating with weaker induction of IFN-related genes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite production after bacterial infection. Hdac6-/- BMDCs have a weakened phosphorylation of MAPK signalling in response to Lm infection, suggesting altered Toll-like receptor signalling (TLR). Compared with Hdac6+/+ counterparts, Hdac6-/- GM-CSF-derived and FLT3L-derived dendritic cells show weaker pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to various TLR agonists. Moreover, HDAC6 associates with the TLR-adaptor molecule Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and the absence of HDAC6 seems to diminish the NF-κB induction after TLR stimuli. Hdac6-/- mice display low serum levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and correspondingly an increased survival to a systemic infection with Lm. The impaired bacterial clearance in the absence of HDAC6 appears to be caused by a defect in autophagy. Hence, Hdac6-/- BMDCs accumulate higher levels of the autophagy marker p62 and show defective phagosome-lysosome fusion. These data underline the important function of HDAC6 in dendritic cells not only in bacterial autophagy, but also in the proper activation of TLR signalling. These results thus demonstrate an important regulatory role for HDAC6 in the innate immune response to intracellular bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nagesh PT, Hussain M, Galvin HD, Husain M. Histone Deacetylase 2 Is a Component of Influenza A Virus-Induced Host Antiviral Response. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1315. [PMID: 28769891 PMCID: PMC5511851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cells produce variety of antiviral factors that create an antiviral state and target various stages of influenza A virus (IAV) life cycle to inhibit infection. However, IAV has evolved various strategies to antagonize those antiviral factors. Recently, we reported that a member of class I host histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC1 possesses an anti-IAV function. Herein, we provide evidence that HDAC2, another class I member and closely related to HDAC1 in structure and function, also possesses anti-IAV properties. In turn, IAV, like HDAC1, dysregulates HDAC2, mainly at the polypeptide level through proteasomal degradation to potentially minimize its antiviral effect. We found that IAV downregulated the HDAC2 polypeptide level in A549 cells in an H1N1 strain-independent manner by up to 47%, which was recovered to almost 100% level in the presence of proteasome-inhibitor MG132. A further knockdown in HDAC2 expression by up to 90% via RNA interference augmented the growth kinetics of IAV in A549 cells by more than four-fold after 24 h of infection. Furthermore, the knockdown of HDAC2 expression decreased the IAV-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription I (STAT1) and the expression of interferon-stimulated gene, viperin in infected cells by 41 and 53%, respectively. The role of HDAC2 in viperin expression was analogous to that of HDAC1, but it was not in the phosphorylation of STAT1. This indicated that, like HDAC1, HDAC2 is a component of IAV-induced host innate antiviral response and performs both redundant and non-redundant functions vis-a-vis HDAC1; however, IAV dysregulates them both in a redundant manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth T Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New YorkNY, United States
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henry D Galvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zheng K, Jiang Y, He Z, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Cellular defence or viral assist: the dilemma of HDAC6. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:322-337. [PMID: 27959772 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique cytoplasmic deacetylase that regulates various important biological processes by preventing protein aggregation and deacetylating different non-histone substrates including tubulin, heat shock protein 90, cortactin, retinoic acid inducible gene I and β-catenin. Growing evidence has indicated a dual role for HDAC6 in viral infection and pathogenesis: HDAC6 may represent a host defence mechanism against viral infection by modulating microtubule acetylation, triggering antiviral immune response and stimulating protective autophagy, or it may be hijacked by the virus to enhance proinflammatory response. In this review, we will highlight current data illustrating the complexity and importance of HDAC6 in viral pathogenesis. We will summarize the structure and functional specificity of HDAC6, and its deacetylase- and ubiquitin-dependent activity in key cellular events in response to virus infection. We will also discuss how HDAC6 exerts its direct or indirect histone modification ability in viral lytic-latency switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Inclusion Body Fusion of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Regulated by Acetylated α-Tubulin Enhances Viral Replication. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01802-16. [PMID: 27881643 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01802-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral inclusion bodies (IBs), or replication factories, are unique structures generated by viral proteins together with some cellular proteins as a platform for efficient viral replication, but little is known about the mechanism underlying IB formation and fusion. Our previous study demonstrated that the interaction between the nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), an enveloped virus with great medical impact, can form IBs. In this study, we found that small IBs can fuse with each other to form large IBs that enhance viral replication. Furthermore, we found that acetylated α-tubulin interacts with the N-P complex and colocalizes with IBs of HPIV3 but does not interact with the N-P complex of human respiratory syncytial virus or vesicular stomatitis virus and does not colocalize with IBs of human respiratory syncytial virus. Most importantly, enhancement of α-tubulin acetylation using the pharmacological inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of the deacetylase enzymes histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), or expression of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (α-TAT1) resulted in the fusion of small IBs into large IBs and effective viral replication. In contrast, suppression of acetylation of α-tubulin by overexpressing HDAC6 and SIRT2 profoundly inhibited the fusion of small IBs and viral replication. Our findings offer previously unidentified mechanistic insights into the regulation of viral IB fusion by acetylated α-tubulin, which is critical for viral replication. IMPORTANCE Inclusion bodies (IBs) are unique structures generated by viral proteins and some cellular proteins as a platform for efficient viral replication. Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a nonsegmented single-stranded RNA virus that mainly causes lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. However, no vaccines or antiviral drugs for HPIV3 are available. Therefore, understanding virus-host interactions and developing new antiviral strategies are increasingly important. Acetylation on lysine (K) 40 of α-tubulin is an evolutionarily conserved modification and plays an important role in many cellular processes, but its role in viral IB dynamics has not been fully explored. To our knowledge, our findings are the first to show that acetylated α-tubulin enhances viral replication by regulating HPIV3 IB fusion.
Collapse
|
39
|
Horníková L, Fraiberk M, Man P, Janovec V, Forstová J. VP1, the major capsid protein of the mouse polyomavirus, binds microtubules, promotes their acetylation and blocks the host cell cycle. FEBS J 2017; 284:301-323. [PMID: 27885808 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
VP1, the major structural protein of the mouse polyomavirus (MPyV), is the major architectural component of the viral capsid. Its pentamers are able to self-assemble into capsid-like particles and to non-specifically bind DNA. Surface loops of the protein interact with sialic acid of ganglioside receptors. Although the replication cycle of the virus, including virion morphogenesis, proceeds in the cell nucleus, a substantial fraction of the protein is detected in the cytoplasm of late-phase MPyV-infected cells. In this work, we detected VP1 mainly in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells transfected with plasmid expressing VP1. In the cytoplasm, VP1-bound microtubules, including the mitotic spindle, and the interaction of VP1 with microtubules resulted in cell cycle block at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, in the late phase of MPyV infection and in cells expressing VP1, microtubules were found to be hyperacetylated. We then sought to understand how VP1 interacts with microtubules. Dynein is not responsible for the VP1-microtubule association, as neither overexpression of p53/dynamitin nor treatment with ciliobrevin-D (an inhibitor of dynein activity) prevented binding of VP1 to microtubules. A pull-down assay for VP1-interacting proteins identified the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone, and Hsp90 was also detected in the VP1-microtubule complexes. Although Hsp90 is known to be associated with acetylated microtubules, it does not mediate the interaction between VP1 and microtubules. Our study provides insight into the role of the major structural protein in MPyV replication, indicating that VP1 is a multifunctional protein that participates in the regulation of cell cycle progression in MPyV-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Horníková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Fraiberk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Janovec
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Overexpression of Histone Deacetylase 6 Enhances Resistance to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Pigs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169317. [PMID: 28052127 PMCID: PMC5215653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically relevant viral pathogens in pigs and causes substantial losses in the pig industry worldwide each year. At present, PRRSV vaccines do not effectively prevent and control this disease. Consequently, it is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies to compensate for the inefficacy of the available vaccines. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an important member of the histone deacetylase family that is responsible for regulating many important biological processes. Studies have shown that HDAC6 has anti-viral activities during the viral life cycle. However, whether HDAC6 overexpression enhances resistance to PRRSV in pigs remains unknown. In this study, we used a somatic cell cloning method to produce transgenic (TG) pigs that constitutively overexpress porcine HDAC6. These TG pigs showed germ line transmission with continued overexpression of HDAC6. In vitro, virus-challenged porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) overexpressed HDAC6, which suppressed viral gene expression and PRRSV production. In vivo, resistance to PRRSV in TG pigs was evaluated by direct or cohabitation mediated infection with a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain. Compared with non-TG (NTG) siblings, TG pigs showed a significantly lower viral load in the lungs and an extended survival time after infection with HP-PRRSV via intramuscular injection. In the cohabitation study, NTG pigs housed with challenged NTG pigs exhibited significantly worse clinical symptoms than the other three in-contact groups. These results collectively suggest that HDAC6 overexpression enhances resistance to PRRSV infection both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest the potential involvement of HDAC6 in the response to PRRSV, which will facilitate the development of novel therapies for PRRSV.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu HM, Jiang F, Loo YM, Hsu S, Hsiang TY, Marcotrigiano J, Gale M. Regulation of Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-I) Activation by the Histone Deacetylase 6. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:195-206. [PMID: 27372014 PMCID: PMC4972567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that initiates the immune response against many RNA viruses. Upon RNA ligand binding, RIG-I undergoes a conformational change facilitating its homo-oligomerization and activation that results in its translocation from the cytosol to intracellular membranes to bind its signaling adaptor protein, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS). Here we show that RIG-I activation is regulated by reversible acetylation. Acetyl-mimetic mutants of RIG-I do not form virus-induced homo-oligomers, revealing that acetyl-lysine residues of the RIG-I repressor domain prevent assembly to active homo-oligomers. During acute infection, deacetylation of RIG-I promotes its oligomerization upon ligand binding. We identify histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) as the deacetylase that promotes RIG-I activation and innate antiviral immunity to recognize and restrict RNA virus infection. RIG-I undergoes reversible deacetylation during acute virus infection. Acetylation of RIG-I Repressor domain controls RIG-I activation by restricting dimerization. HDAC6 is the cellular deacetylase essential for RIG-I deacetylation to induce antiviral innate immunity.
RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor at the frontline of immune response against RNA virus infection. RIG-I is expressed in most cells of the body and becomes activated after sensing and binding to pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) RNA motifs within products of virus infection. The RIG-I activation process involves multiple regulatory events including PAMP binding and ATP hydrolysis, protein conformational change and intracellular redistribution, and specific post-translational modifications. Our results define reversible acetylation of RIG-I and its deacetylation by HDAC6 as key to controlling innate antiviral immune induction in response to RNA virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Minyi Liu
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Fuguo Jiang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yueh Ming Loo
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - ShuZhen Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiménez-Canino R, Lorenzo-Díaz F, Jaisser F, Farman N, Giraldez T, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Histone Deacetylase 6-Controlled Hsp90 Acetylation Significantly Alters Mineralocorticoid Receptor Subcellular Dynamics But Not its Transcriptional Activity. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2515-32. [PMID: 27100623 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that transduces the biological effects of corticosteroids. Its best-characterized role is to enhance transepithelial sodium reabsorption in response to increased aldosterone levels. In addition, MR participates in other aldosterone- or glucocorticoid-controlled processes such as cardiovascular homeostasis, adipocyte differentiation or neurogenesis, and regulation of neuronal activity in the hippocampus. Like other steroid receptors, MR forms cytosolic heterocomplexes with heat shock protein (Hsp) 90), Hsp70, and other proteins such as immunophilins. Interaction with Hsp90 is thought to maintain MR in a ligand-binding competent conformation and to regulate ligand-dependent and -independent nucleocytoplasmatic shuttling. It has previously been shown that acetylation of residue K295 in Hsp90 regulates its interaction with the androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In this work we hypothesized that Hsp90 acetylation provides a regulatory step to modulate MR cellular dynamics and activity. We used Hsp90 acetylation mimic mutant K295Q or nonacetylatable mutant K295R to examine whether MR nucleocytoplasmatic shuttling and gene transactivation are affected. Furthermore, we manipulated endogenous Hsp90 acetylation levels by controlling expression or activity of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), the enzyme responsible for deacetylation of Hsp90-K295. Our data demonstrates that HDAC6-mediated Hsp90 acetylation regulates MR cellular dynamics but it does not alter its function. This stands in contrast with the down-regulation of GR by HDAC6, suggesting that Hsp90 acetylation may play a role in balancing relative MR and GR activity when both factors are co-expressed in the same cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Jiménez-Canino
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| | - Fabián Lorenzo-Díaz
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| | - Nicolette Farman
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Department of Physiology (R.J.-C., F.L.-D., T.G., D.A.d.l.R.), Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Spain; and INSERM UMRS 1138 (N.J., N.F.), Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75006, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang L, Ogden A, Aneja R, Zhou J. Diverse roles of HDAC6 in viral infection: Implications for antiviral therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:120-5. [PMID: 27118337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic enzyme important for many biological processes, has recently emerged as a critical regulator of viral infection. HDAC6 exerts this function either directly, via orchestrating various stages of the viral life cycle, or indirectly via modulating cytokine production by host cells. The broad influence of HDAC6 on viral pathogenesis suggests that this protein may represent an antiviral target. However, the feasibility of targeting HDAC6 and the optimal strategy by which this could be accomplished cannot simply be concluded from individual studies. The primary challenge in developing HDAC6-targeted therapies is to understand how its antiviral effect can be selectively harnessed. As a springboard for future investigations, in this review we recapitulate recent findings on the diverse roles of HDAC6 in viral infection and discuss its alluring potential as a novel antiviral target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Apuri S, Sokol L. An overview of investigational Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:687-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1164140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Choi SJ, Lee HC, Kim JH, Park SY, Kim TH, Lee WK, Jang DJ, Yoon JE, Choi YI, Kim S, Ma J, Kim CJ, Yao TP, Jung JU, Lee JY, Lee JS. HDAC6 regulates cellular viral RNA sensing by deacetylation of RIG-I. EMBO J 2016; 35:429-42. [PMID: 26746851 PMCID: PMC4755110 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is a key cytosolic sensor that detects RNA viruses through its C-terminal region and activates the production of antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. While posttranslational modification has been demonstrated to regulate RIG-I signaling activity, its significance for the sensing of viral RNAs remains unclear. Here, we first show that the RIG-I C-terminal region undergoes deacetylation to regulate its viral RNA-sensing activity and that the HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of RIG-I is critical for viral RNA detection. HDAC6 transiently bound to RIG-I and removed the lysine 909 acetylation in the presence of viral RNAs, promoting RIG-I sensing of viral RNAs. Depletion of HDAC6 expression led to impaired antiviral responses against RNA viruses, but not against DNA viruses. Consequently, HDAC6 knockout mice were highly susceptible to RNA virus infections compared to wild-type mice. These findings underscore the critical role of HDAC6 in the modulation of the RIG-I-mediated antiviral sensing pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Choi
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woon-Kyu Lee
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Duk-Jae Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Yoon
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young-Il Choi
- CKD Research Institute, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seihwan Kim
- CKD Research Institute, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - JinYeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tso-Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Histone Deacetylase 6 Regulates Bladder Architecture and Host Susceptibility to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010020. [PMID: 26907353 PMCID: PMC4810141 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a non-canonical, mostly cytosolic histone deacetylase that has a variety of interacting partners and substrates. Previous work using cell-culture based assays coupled with pharmacological inhibitors and gene-silencing approaches indicated that HDAC6 promotes the actin- and microtubule-dependent invasion of host cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These facultative intracellular pathogens are the major cause of urinary tract infections. Here, we examined the involvement of HDAC6 in bladder colonization by UPEC using HDAC6 knockout mice. Though UPEC was unable to invade HDAC6(-/-) cells in culture, the bacteria had an enhanced ability to colonize the bladders of mice that lacked HDAC6. This effect was transient, and by six hours post-inoculation bacterial titers in the HDAC6(-/-) mice were reduced to levels seen in wild type control animals. Subsequent analyses revealed that the mutant mice had greater bladder volume capacity and fluid retention, along with much higher levels of acetylated a-tubulin. In addition, infiltrating neutrophils recovered from the HDAC6(-/-) bladder harbored significantly more viable bacteria than their wild type counterparts. Cumulatively, these changes may negate any inhibitory effects that the lack of HDAC6 has on UPEC entry into individual host cells, and suggest roles for HDAC6 in other urological disorders such as urinary retention.
Collapse
|
47
|
James CD, Roberts S. Viral Interactions with PDZ Domain-Containing Proteins-An Oncogenic Trait? Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010008. [PMID: 26797638 PMCID: PMC4810129 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the human viruses with oncogenic capabilities, either in their natural host or in experimental systems (hepatitis B and C, human T cell leukaemia virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus, high-risk human papillomaviruses and adenovirus type 9), encode in their limited genome the ability to target cellular proteins containing PSD95/ DLG/ZO-1 (PDZ) interaction modules. In many cases (but not always), the viruses have evolved to bind the PDZ domains using the same short linear peptide motifs found in host protein-PDZ interactions, and in some cases regulate the interactions in a similar fashion by phosphorylation. What is striking is that the diverse viruses target a common subset of PDZ proteins that are intimately involved in controlling cell polarity and the structure and function of intercellular junctions, including tight junctions. Cell polarity is fundamental to the control of cell proliferation and cell survival and disruption of polarity and the signal transduction pathways involved is a key event in tumourigenesis. This review focuses on the oncogenic viruses and the role of targeting PDZ proteins in the virus life cycle and the contribution of virus-PDZ protein interactions to virus-mediated oncogenesis. We highlight how many of the viral associations with PDZ proteins lead to deregulation of PI3K/AKT signalling, benefitting virus replication but as a consequence also contributing to oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire D James
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Present address; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, W. Baxter Perkinson Jr. Building, 521 North 11th Street, P.O. Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li L, Yang XJ. Tubulin acetylation: responsible enzymes, biological functions and human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4237-55. [PMID: 26227334 PMCID: PMC11113413 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules have important functions ranging from maintenance of cell morphology to subcellular transport, cellular signaling, cell migration, and formation of cell polarity. At the organismal level, microtubules are crucial for various biological processes, such as viral entry, inflammation, immunity, learning and memory in mammals. Microtubules are subject to various covalent modifications. One such modification is tubulin acetylation, which is associated with stable microtubules and conserved from protists to humans. In the past three decades, this reversible modification has been studied extensively. In mammals, its level is mainly governed by opposing actions of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Knockout studies of the mouse enzymes have yielded new insights into biological functions of tubulin acetylation. Abnormal levels of this modification are linked to neurological disorders, cancer, heart diseases and other pathological conditions, thereby yielding important therapeutic implications. This review summarizes related studies and concludes that tubulin acetylation is important for regulating microtubule architecture and maintaining microtubule integrity. Together with detyrosination, glutamylation and other modifications, tubulin acetylation may form a unique 'language' to regulate microtubule structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nakashima H, Kaufmann JK, Wang PY, Nguyen T, Speranza MC, Kasai K, Okemoto K, Otsuki A, Nakano I, Fernandez S, Goins WF, Grandi P, Glorioso JC, Lawler S, Cripe TP, Chiocca EA. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition enhances oncolytic viral replication in glioma. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4269-80. [PMID: 26524593 DOI: 10.1172/jci80713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viral (OV) therapy, which uses genetically engineered tumor-targeting viruses, is being increasingly used in cancer clinical trials due to the direct cytolytic effects of this treatment that appear to provoke a robust immune response against the tumor. As OVs enter tumor cells, intrinsic host defenses have the potential to hinder viral replication and spread within the tumor mass. In this report, we show that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in tumor cells appears to alter the trafficking of post-entry OVs from the nucleus toward lysosomes. In glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells, HDAC6 inhibition (HDAC6i) by either pharmacologic or genetic means substantially increased replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV). Moreover, HDAC6i increased shuttling of post-entry oHSV to the nucleus. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed that post-entry oHSVs are preferentially taken up into glioma cells through the endosomal pathway rather than via fusion at the cell surface. Together, these findings illustrate a mechanism of glioma cell defense against an incoming infection by oHSV and identify possible approaches to enhance oHSV replication and subsequent lysis of tumor cells.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fang TJ, Lin YZ, Liu CC, Lin CH, Li RN, Wu CC, Ou TT, Tsai WC, Yen JH. Methylation and gene expression of histone deacetylases 6 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 19:968-973. [PMID: 26461065 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of methylation in the histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) promoter and HDAC6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD Direct bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing was performed to detect the HDAC6 promoter methylation in 33 patients with SLE and 35 healthy controls. The HDAC6 mRNA expression was measured in 93 SLE patients and 84 healthy controls by using the method of quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the methylation rates at HDAC6-680, -660 and -658 were significantly increased in the SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0.041, 0.034 and 0.029, respectively). The SLE patients also had lower HDAC6 mRNA expression than the controls (P = 0.031). However, there was no significant difference in HDAC6 mRNA expression between patients with active and inactive SLE. CONCLUSION The SLE patients had higher methylation in the HDAC6 promoter and lower HDAC6 mRNA expression than the controls. These changes may be related to the susceptibility of SLE. However, they are not associated with the disease activity of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Fang
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Zhao Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|