1
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Kulkarni H, Dagar N, Gaikwad AB. Targeting polo-like kinase 1 to treat kidney diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4099. [PMID: 39016459 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Globally, ∼850 million individuals suffer from some form of kidney disease. This staggering figure underscores the importance of continued research and innovation in the field of nephrology to develop effective treatments and improve overall global kidney health. In current research, the polo-like kinase (Plk) family has emerged as a group of highly conserved enzyme kinases vital for proper cell cycle regulation. Plks are defined by their N-terminal kinase domain and C-terminal polo-box domain, which regulate their catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and substrate recognition. Among the Plk family members, Plk1 has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in regulating multiple mitotic processes, particularly in the kidneys. It is a crucial serine-threonine (Ser-Thr) kinase involved in cell division and genomic stability. In this review, we delve into the types and functions of Plks, focusing on Plk1's significance in processes such as cell proliferation, spindle assembly, and DNA damage repair. The review also underscores Plk1's vital contributions to maintaining kidney homeostasis, elucidating its involvement in nuclear envelope breakdown, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activation, and the regulation of mRNA translation machinery. Furthermore, the review discusses how Plk1 contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases, emphasizing its overexpression in conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and so forth. It also highlights the importance of exploring Plk1 modulators as targeted therapies for kidney diseases in future. This review will help in understanding the role of Plk1 in kidney disease development, paving the way for the discovery and development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage kidney diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Chrupcala ML, Moseley JB. PP2A-B56 regulates Mid1 protein levels for proper cytokinesis in fission yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601230. [PMID: 38979265 PMCID: PMC11230426 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates many steps in the cell division process including cytokinesis. In the fission yeast S. pombe, the anillin-like protein Mid1 sets the cell division plane and is regulated by phosphorylation. Multiple protein kinases act on Mid1, but no protein phosphatases have been shown to regulate Mid1. Here, we discovered that the conserved protein phosphatase PP2A-B56 is required for proper cytokinesis by promoting Mid1 protein levels. We find that par1Δ cells lacking the primary B56 subunit divide asymmetrically due to the assembly of misplaced cytokinetic rings that slide toward cell tips. These par1Δ mutants have reduced whole-cell levels of Mid1 protein, leading to reduced Mid1 at the cytokinetic ring. Restoring proper Mid1 expression suppresses par1Δ cytokinesis defects. This work identifies a new PP2A-B56 pathway regulating cytokinesis through Mid1, with implications for control of cytokinesis in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L. Chrupcala
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
| | - James B. Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
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3
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Bothe U, Günther J, Nubbemeyer R, Siebeneicher H, Ring S, Bömer U, Peters M, Rausch A, Denner K, Himmel H, Sutter A, Terebesi I, Lange M, Wengner AM, Guimond N, Thaler T, Platzek J, Eberspächer U, Schäfer M, Steuber H, Zollner TM, Steinmeyer A, Schmidt N. Discovery of IRAK4 Inhibitors BAY1834845 (Zabedosertib) and BAY1830839. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1225-1242. [PMID: 38228402 PMCID: PMC10823478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays a critical role in innate inflammatory processes. Here, we describe the discovery of two clinical candidate IRAK4 inhibitors, BAY1834845 (zabedosertib) and BAY1830839, starting from a high-throughput screening hit derived from Bayer's compound library. By exploiting binding site features distinct to IRAK4 using an in-house docking model, liabilities of the original hit could surprisingly be overcome to confer both candidates with a unique combination of good potency and selectivity. Favorable DMPK profiles and activity in animal inflammation models led to the selection of these two compounds for clinical development in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Bothe
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Günther
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Sven Ring
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michaele Peters
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Denner
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Himmel
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Sutter
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ildiko Terebesi
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Antje M. Wengner
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Guimond
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Thaler
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Platzek
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspächer
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas M. Zollner
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steinmeyer
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Schmidt
- Bayer AG, Research &
Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Sharma A, Sharma D, Saini N, Sharma SV, Thakur VK, Goyal RK, Sharma PC. Recent advances in synthetic strategies and SAR of thiazolidin-4-one containing molecules in cancer therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:847-889. [PMID: 37204562 PMCID: PMC10584807 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases accountable for millions of demises globally. The inadequate effectiveness of the existing chemotherapy and its harmful effects has resulted in the necessity of developing innovative anticancer agents. Thiazolidin-4-one scaffold is among the most important chemical skeletons that illustrate anticancer activity. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been the subject of extensive research and current scientific literature reveals that these compounds have shown significant anticancer activities. This manuscript is an earnest attempt to review novel thiazolidin-4-one derivatives demonstrating considerable potential as anticancer agents along with a brief discussion of medicinal chemistry-related aspects of these compounds and structural activity relationship studies in order to develop possible multi-target enzyme inhibitors. Most recently, various synthetic strategies have been developed by researchers to get various thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. In this review, the authors highlight the various synthetic, green, and nanomaterial-based synthesis routes of thiazolidin-4-ones as well as their role in anticancer activity by inhibition of various enzymes and cell lines. The detailed description of the existing modern standards in the field presented in this article may be interesting and beneficial to the scientists for further exploration of these heterocyclic compounds as possible anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- DIPSAR, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Swami Devi Dayal College of Pharmacy, Barwala, 134118, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Swami Devi Dayal College of Pharmacy, Barwala, 134118, India
| | - Sunil V Sharma
- School of Chemistry, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, 16 9ST, KYScotland, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- SPS, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
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5
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Olawale F, Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO. Virtual screening of natural compounds as selective inhibitors of polo-like kinase-1 at C-terminal polo box and N-terminal catalytic domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13606-13624. [PMID: 34669551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1991476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The over-expression of Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is associated with cancer prognosis due to its pivotal role in cell proliferation. The N-terminal catalytic domain (NCD) and C-terminal polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1 are critical for the activity of the protein. Drugs that inhibit PLK1 by targeting these domains are on clinical trials, but so far, none has been approved by FDA. Thus, this study targets the two domains of PLK1 to identify compounds with inhibitory potential. Four validated e-pharmacophore models from NCD (PDB ID: 2OU7 and 4J52) and PBD (PDB ID: 5NEI and 5NN2) were used to screen over 26,000 natural compounds from NPASS database. Hits were identified after the well-fitted compounds were subjected to molecular docking study and ADME prediction. The pIC50 and electronic behaviour of the identified hits selectively targeting NCD and PBD of PLK1 were predicted via an externally validated QSAR model and quantum mechanics. The results showed that CAA180504, CAA197326, CAA74619, CAA328856 modulating PLK1 at NCD, and CBB130581, CBB230713, CBB206123, CBB12656 and CBB267117 modulating PLK1 at PBD had better molecular docking scores, pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties than NCD (volasertib) and PBD (purpurogallin) reference inhibitors. The compounds all had satisfactory inhibitory (pIC50) values which range from 6.187 to 7.157. The electronic behaviours of understudied compounds using HOMO/LUMO and global descriptive parameters revealed the atomic portion of the compounds prone to donating and accepting electrons. In conclusion, the hit compounds identified from the library of natural compounds are worthy of further experimental validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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6
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Minor Kinases with Major Roles in Cytokinesis Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223639. [PMID: 36429067 PMCID: PMC9688779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal organisms, its accurate regulation is a fundamental task for normal development and for preventing aneuploidy. Cytokinesis failures produce genetically unstable tetraploid cells and ultimately result in chromosome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. In animal cells, the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring drive cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic intercellular bridge, which is severed during abscission, the final event of cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a crucial process to orchestrate the spatio-temporal regulation of the different stages of cytokinesis. Several kinases have been described in the literature, such as cyclin-dependent kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and Aurora B, regulating both furrow ingression and/or abscission. However, others exist, with well-established roles in cell-cycle progression but whose specific role in cytokinesis has been poorly investigated, leading to considering these kinases as "minor" actors in this process. Yet, they deserve additional attention, as they might disclose unexpected routes of cell division regulation. Here, we summarize the role of multifunctional kinases in cytokinesis with a special focus on those with a still scarcely defined function during cell cleavage. Moreover, we discuss their implication in cancer.
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7
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Huang X, Jiang L, Lu S, Yuan M, Lin H, Li B, Wen Z, Zhong Y. Overexpression of ERCC6L correlates with poor prognosis and confers malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:131. [PMID: 35656882 PMCID: PMC9204608 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross‑complementation group 6 like (ERCC6L) has been reported to be upregulated in a variety of malignant tumors and plays a critical oncogenic role. However, the role and molecular mechanism of ERCC6L in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear, and were therefore investigated in the present study. Clinical data of patients with LUAD were obtained and bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the expression characteristics, prognostic value, and biological function of ERCC6L. In addition, cell function experiments were performed to detect the effect of ERCC6L silencing on the biological behavior of LUAD cells. The results revealed that ERCC6L expression was significantly higher in LUAD tissues vs. normal lung tissues and closely associated with nodal invasion, advanced clinical stage and survival in LUAD. Overexpression of ERCC6L was an independent prognostic biomarker of overall survival, progression‑free interval, and disease‑specific survival in patients with LUAD. DNA amplification and low methylation levels of ERCC6L suggested regulation at both the genetic and epigenetic levels. The most significant positive genes co‑expressed with ERCC6L were mainly enriched in the cell cycle signaling pathway. The major functions of ERCC6L in LUAD cells were positively correlated with the cell cycle, DNA damage, DNA repair, proliferation, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knockdown of ERCC6L inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of A549 and PC9 cells. It also promoted cell apoptosis, and led to cell cycle arrest in the S phase. ERCC6L may regulate the EMT process through the Wnt/β‑catenin and Wnt/Notch 3 signaling pathways, thus regulating the tumorigenesis and progression of LUAD. The overexpression of ERCC6L may be a biological indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD. ERCC6L may be a novel molecular target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Huang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530004, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530004, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Yuan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Baijun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoke Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yonglong Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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8
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Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Male Meiotic Cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040695. [PMID: 35203341 PMCID: PMC8870657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila dividing spermatocytes offer a highly suitable cell system in which to investigate the coordinated reorganization of microtubule and actin cytoskeleton systems during cell division of animal cells. Like male germ cells of mammals, Drosophila spermatogonia and spermatocytes undergo cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis, but abscission does not take place. Thus, clusters of primary and secondary spermatocytes undergo meiotic divisions in synchrony, resulting in cysts of 32 secondary spermatocytes and then 64 spermatids connected by specialized structures called ring canals. The meiotic spindles in Drosophila males are substantially larger than the spindles of mammalian somatic cells and exhibit prominent central spindles and contractile rings during cytokinesis. These characteristics make male meiotic cells particularly amenable to immunofluorescence and live imaging analysis of the spindle microtubules and the actomyosin apparatus during meiotic divisions. Moreover, because the spindle assembly checkpoint is not robust in spermatocytes, Drosophila male meiosis allows investigating of whether gene products required for chromosome segregation play additional roles during cytokinesis. Here, we will review how the research studies on Drosophila male meiotic cells have contributed to our knowledge of the conserved molecular pathways that regulate spindle microtubules and cytokinesis with important implications for the comprehension of cancer and other diseases.
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9
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Yu JE, Kim S, Hwang J, Hong JT, Hwang J, Soung N, Cha‐Molstad H, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Lee KH. Phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by polo-like kinase 1 drives the completion of cytokinesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51503. [PMID: 34585824 PMCID: PMC8647012 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein and participates in numerous processes required for embryonic development, cell proliferation, and homeostasis through various molecular interactions and signaling pathways. To date, however, there is no direct evidence that β-catenin contributes to cytokinesis. Here, we identify a novel p-S60 epitope on β-catenin generated by Plk1 kinase activity, which can be found at the actomyosin contractile ring of early telophase cells and at the midbody of late telophase cells. Depletion of β-catenin leads to cytokinesis-defective phenotypes, which eventually result in apoptotic cell death. In addition, phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 is essential for the recruitment of Ect2 to the midbody, activation of RhoA, and interaction between β-catenin, Plk1, and Ect2. Time-lapse image analysis confirmed the importance of β-catenin phospho-Ser60 in furrow ingression and the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, we propose that phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 in cooperation with Ect2 is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. These findings may provide fundamental knowledge for the research of cytokinesis failure-derived human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Sun‐Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Jeong‐Ah Hwang
- Department of PhysiologyResearch Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Nak‐Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha‐Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Biomolecular ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
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10
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Chanboonyasitt P, Chan YW. Regulation of mitotic chromosome architecture and resolution of ultrafine anaphase bridges by PICH. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2077-2090. [PMID: 34530686 PMCID: PMC8565832 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1970877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure genome stability, chromosomes need to undergo proper condensation into two linked sister chromatids from prophase to prometaphase, followed by equal segregation at anaphase. Emerging evidence has shown that persistent DNA entanglements connecting the sister chromatids lead to the formation of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs). If UFBs are not resolved soon after anaphase, they can induce chromosome missegregation. PICH (PLK1-interacting checkpoint helicase) is a DNA translocase that localizes on chromosome arms, centromeres and UFBs. It plays multiple essential roles in mitotic chromosome organization and segregation. PICH also recruits other associated proteins to UFBs, and together they mediate UFB resolution. Here, the proposed mechanism behind PICH's functions in chromosome organization and UFB resolution will be discussed. We summarize the regulation of PICH action at chromosome arms and centromeres, how PICH recognizes UFBs and recruits other UFB-associated factors, and finally how PICH promotes UFB resolution together with other DNA processing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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11
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Schneid S, Wolff F, Buchner K, Bertram N, Baygün S, Barbosa P, Mangal S, Zanin E. The BRCT domains of ECT2 have distinct functions during cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108805. [PMID: 33657383 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell division, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ECT2 activates RhoA in a narrow zone at the cell equator in anaphase. ECT2 consists of three BRCT domains (BRCT0, 1, and 2), a catalytic GEF, and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. How the conserved BRCT domains spatially and temporally control ECT2 activity remains unclear. We reveal that each BRCT domain makes distinct contributions to the ECT2 function. We find that BRCT0 contributes to, and BRCT1 is essential for, ECT2 activation in anaphase. BRCT2 integrates two functions: GEF inhibition and RACGAP1 binding, which together limit ECT2 activity to a narrow zone at the cell equator. BRCT2-dependent control of active RhoA zone dimension functions in addition to the inhibitory signal of the astral microtubules. Our analysis provides detailed mechanistic insights into how ECT2 activity is regulated and how that regulation ensures, together with other signaling pathways, successful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schneid
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Friederike Wolff
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Kristina Buchner
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Nils Bertram
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Seren Baygün
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Sriyash Mangal
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Esther Zanin
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 82152, Germany.
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12
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Shakeel I, Basheer N, Hasan GM, Afzal M, Hassan MI. Polo-like Kinase 1 as an emerging drug target: structure, function and therapeutic implications. J Drug Target 2021; 29:168-184. [PMID: 32886539 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1818760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a conserved mitotic serine-threonine protein kinase, functions as a regulatory protein, and is involved in the progression of the mitotic cycle. It plays important roles in the regulation of cell division, maintenance of genome stability, in spindle assembly, mitosis, and DNA-damage response. PLK1 is consist of a N-terminal serine-threonine kinase domain, and a C-terminal Polo-box domain (regulatory site). The expression of PLK1 is controlled by transcription repressor in the G1 stage and transcription activators in the G2 stage of the cell cycle. Overexpression of PLK1 results in undermining of checkpoints causes excessive cellular division resulting in abnormal cell growth, leading to the development of cancer. Blocking the expression of PLK1 by an antibody, RNA interference, or kinase inhibitors, causes a subsequent reduction in the proliferation of tumour cells and induction of apoptosis in tumour cells without affecting the healthy cells, suggesting an attractive target for drug development. In this review, we discuss detailed information on expression, gene and protein structures, role in different diseases, and progress in the design and development of PLK1 inhibitors. We have performed an in-depth analysis of the PLK1 inhibitors and their therapeutic implications with special focus to the cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Neha Basheer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Republic Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ciliary Genes in Renal Cystic Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040907. [PMID: 32276433 PMCID: PMC7226761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles, protruding from the apical cell surface and anchoring to the cytoskeleton. Primary (nonmotile) cilia of the kidney act as mechanosensors of nephron cells, responding to fluid movements by triggering signal transduction. The impaired functioning of primary cilia leads to formation of cysts which in turn contribute to development of diverse renal diseases, including kidney ciliopathies and renal cancer. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of ciliary genes in kidney ciliopathies and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Special focus is given on the impact of mutations and altered expression of ciliary genes (e.g., encoding polycystins, nephrocystins, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins, ALS1, Oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 (OFD1) and others) in polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis, as well as rare genetic disorders, including syndromes of Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Bardet-Biedl, Senior-Loken, Alström, Orofaciodigital syndrome type I and cranioectodermal dysplasia. We also show that RCC and classic kidney ciliopathies share commonly disturbed genes affecting cilia function, including VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor), PKD1 (polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting) and PKD2 (polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel). Finally, we discuss the significance of ciliary genes as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in ciliopathies and cancer.
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14
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Xu N, Chen SH, Lin TT, Cai H, Ke ZB, Dong RN, Huang P, Li XD, Chen YH, Zheng QS. Development and validation of hub genes for lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4402-4414. [PMID: 32130760 PMCID: PMC7176841 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important independent risk factors that can negatively affect the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the exact mechanisms have not been well studied. This study aims to better understand the underlying mechanism of lymph node metastasis in PCa by bioinformatics analysis. We analysed a total of 367 PCa cases from the cancer genome atlas database and performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore some modules related to lymph node metastasis. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted for functional annotation, and a protein-protein interaction network was built. Samples from the International Cancer Genomics Consortium database were used as a validation set. The turquoise module showed the most relevance with lymph node metastasis. Functional annotation showed that biological processes and pathways were mainly related to activation of the processes of cell cycle and mitosis. Four hub genes were selected: CKAP2L, CDCA8, ERCC6L and ARPC1A. Further validation showed that the four hub genes well-distinguished tumour and normal tissues, and they were good biomarkers for lymph node metastasis of PCa. In conclusion, the identified hub genes facilitate our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanism for lymph node metastasis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hai Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ke
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Nan Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye-Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Huggins DJ, Hardwick BS, Sharma P, Emery A, Laraia L, Zhang F, Narvaez AJ, Roberts-Thomson M, Crooks AT, Boyle RG, Boyce R, Walker DW, Mateu N, McKenzie GJ, Spring DR, Venkitaraman AR. Development of a Novel Cell-Permeable Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor for the Polo-box Domain of Polo-like Kinase 1. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:822-831. [PMID: 31956833 PMCID: PMC6964520 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitosis and a recognized drug target for cancer therapy. Inhibiting the polo-box domain of PLK1 offers potential advantages of increased selectivity and subsequently reduced toxicity compared with targeting the kinase domain. However, many if not all existing polo-box domain inhibitors have been shown to be unsuitable for further development. In this paper, we describe a novel compound series, which inhibits the protein-protein interactions of PLK1 via the polo-box domain. We combine high throughput screening with molecular modeling and computer-aided design, synthetic chemistry, and cell biology to address some of the common problems with protein-protein interaction inhibitors, such as solubility and potency. We use molecular modeling to improve the solubility of a hit series with initially poor physicochemical properties, enabling biophysical and biochemical characterization. We isolate and characterize enantiomers to improve potency and demonstrate on-target activity in both cell-free and cell-based assays, entirely consistent with the proposed binding model. The resulting compound series represents a promising starting point for further progression along the drug discovery pipeline and a new tool compound to study kinase-independent PLK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Huggins
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
- TCM
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Bryn S. Hardwick
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Emery
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Ana J. Narvaez
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith Roberts-Thomson
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex T. Crooks
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Boyle
- Sentinel
Oncology Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0EY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Boyce
- Sentinel
Oncology Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0EY, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Walker
- Sentinel
Oncology Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0EY, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Mateu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Grahame J. McKenzie
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Spring
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Ashok R. Venkitaraman
- Medical
Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Holder J, Poser E, Barr FA. Getting out of mitosis: spatial and temporal control of mitotic exit and cytokinesis by PP1 and PP2A. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2908-2924. [PMID: 31494926 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we will review the evidence showing that mitotic exit is initiated by regulated proteolysis and then driven by the PPP family of phosphoserine/threonine phosphatases. Rapid APC/CCDC20 and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cyclin B and securin initiates sister chromatid separation, the first step of mitotic exit. Because proteolysis of Aurora and Polo family kinases dependent on APC/CCDH1 is relatively slow, this creates a new regulatory state, anaphase, different to G2 and M-phase. We will discuss how the CDK1-counteracting phosphatases PP1 and PP2A-B55, together with Aurora and Polo kinases, contribute to the temporal regulation and order of events in the different stages of mitotic exit from anaphase to cytokinesis. For PP2A-B55, these timing properties are created by the ENSA-dependent inhibitory pathway and differential recognition of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Finally, we will discuss how Aurora B and PP2A-B56 are needed for the spatial regulation of anaphase spindle formation and how APC/C-dependent destruction of PLK1 acts as a timer for abscission, the final event of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Poser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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17
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Addis Jones O, Tiwari A, Olukoga T, Herbert A, Chan KL. PLK1 facilitates chromosome biorientation by suppressing centromere disintegration driven by BLM-mediated unwinding and spindle pulling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2861. [PMID: 31253795 PMCID: PMC6599003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromeres provide a pivotal function for faithful chromosome segregation. They serve as a foundation for the assembly of the kinetochore complex and spindle connection, which is essential for chromosome biorientation. Cells lacking Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity suffer severe chromosome alignment defects, which is believed primarily due to unstable kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Here, we reveal a previously undescribed mechanism named 'centromere disintegration' that drives chromosome misalignment in PLK1-inactivated cells. We find that PLK1 inhibition does not necessarily compromise metaphase establishment, but instead its maintenance. We demonstrate that this is caused by unlawful unwinding of DNA by BLM helicase at a specific centromere domain underneath kinetochores. Under bipolar spindle pulling, the distorted centromeres are promptly decompacted into DNA threadlike molecules, leading to centromere rupture and whole-chromosome arm splitting. Consequently, chromosome alignment collapses. Our study unveils an unexpected role of PLK1 as a chromosome guardian to maintain centromere integrity for chromosome biorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Addis Jones
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 7BG, UK
| | - Ankana Tiwari
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 7BG, UK
| | - Tomisin Olukoga
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 7BG, UK
| | - Alex Herbert
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 7BG, UK
| | - Kok-Lung Chan
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 7BG, UK.
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18
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Xie Y, Yu J, Wang F, Li M, Qiu X, Liu Y, Qi J. ERCC6L promotes cell growth and invasion in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:237-246. [PMID: 31289493 PMCID: PMC6540252 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross-complementation group 6 like (ERCC6L), a recently discovered DNA helicase, has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in a variety of human cancer types. However, the precise role of ERCC6L in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of ERCC6L in the development and progression of CRC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of ERCC6L in 30 matched pairs of CRC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The function of ERCC6L in cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, invasion and colony formation was examined in CRC cell lines. ERCC6L was revealed to be highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls (P<0.05). The expression level of ERCC6L was significantly associated with tumor size (P<0.05), but not with other clinical features, including age, gender, differentiation and clinical stage. It was identified that reducing ERCC6L expression using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony-forming ability of CRC cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that ERCC6L knockdown in CRC cells inhibited cell cycle progression and increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase without affecting apoptosis. Furthermore, ERCC6L knockdown markedly decreased the number of invading CRC cells compared with control cells. These results suggest that ERCC6L promotes the growth and invasion of CRC cells, and ERCC6L may be a potential new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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19
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Adriaans IE, Basant A, Ponsioen B, Glotzer M, Lens SM. PLK1 plays dual roles in centralspindlin regulation during cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1250-1264. [PMID: 30728176 PMCID: PMC6446842 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis begins upon anaphase onset. An early step involves local activation of the small GTPase RhoA, which triggers assembly of an actomyosin-based contractile ring at the equatorial cortex. Here, we delineated the contributions of PLK1 and Aurora B to RhoA activation and cytokinesis initiation in human cells. Knock-down of PRC1, which disrupts the spindle midzone, revealed the existence of two pathways that can initiate cleavage furrow ingression. One pathway depends on a well-organized spindle midzone and PLK1, while the other depends on Aurora B activity and centralspindlin at the equatorial cortex and can operate independently of PLK1. We further show that PLK1 inhibition sequesters centralspindlin onto the spindle midzone, making it unavailable for Aurora B at the equatorial cortex. We propose that PLK1 activity promotes the release of centralspindlin from the spindle midzone through inhibition of PRC1, allowing centralspindlin to function as a regulator of spindle midzone formation and as an activator of RhoA at the equatorial cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E. Adriaans
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Angika Basant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Glotzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susanne M.A. Lens
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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20
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Moura M, Conde C. Phosphatases in Mitosis: Roles and Regulation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E55. [PMID: 30736436 PMCID: PMC6406801 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis requires extensive rearrangement of cellular architecture and of subcellular structures so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to spindle microtubules and segregate towards opposite poles. This process originates two new daughter nuclei with equal genetic content and relies on highly-dynamic and tightly regulated phosphorylation of numerous cell cycle proteins. A burst in protein phosphorylation orchestrated by several conserved kinases occurs as cells go into and progress through mitosis. The opposing dephosphorylation events are catalyzed by a small set of protein phosphatases, whose importance for the accuracy of mitosis is becoming increasingly appreciated. This review will focus on the established and emerging roles of mitotic phosphatases, describe their structural and biochemical properties, and discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation of phosphatase activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Moura
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Conde
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Sepulveda G, Antkowiak M, Brust-Mascher I, Mahe K, Ou T, Castro NM, Christensen LN, Cheung L, Jiang X, Yoon D, Huang B, Jao LE. Co-translational protein targeting facilitates centrosomal recruitment of PCNT during centrosome maturation in vertebrates. eLife 2018; 7:34959. [PMID: 29708497 PMCID: PMC5976437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, centrosomes guide the formation of the bipolar spindle that segregates chromosomes during mitosis. At mitosis onset, centrosomes maximize microtubule-organizing activity by rapidly expanding the pericentriolar material (PCM). This process is in part driven by the large PCM protein pericentrin (PCNT), as its level increases at the PCM and helps recruit additional PCM components. However, the mechanism underlying the timely centrosomal enrichment of PCNT remains unclear. Here, we show that PCNT is delivered co-translationally to centrosomes during early mitosis by cytoplasmic dynein, as evidenced by centrosomal enrichment of PCNT mRNA, its translation near centrosomes, and requirement of intact polysomes for PCNT mRNA localization. Additionally, the microtubule minus-end regulator, ASPM, is also targeted co-translationally to mitotic spindle poles. Together, these findings suggest that co-translational targeting of cytoplasmic proteins to specific subcellular destinations may be a generalized protein targeting mechanism. Before a cell divides, it creates a copy of its genetic material (DNA) and evenly distributes it between the new ‘daughter’ cells with the help of a complex called the mitotic spindle. This complex is made of long cable-like protein chains called microtubules. To ensure that each daughter cell receives an equal amount of DNA, structures known as centrosomes organize the microtubules during the division process. Centrosomes have two rigid cores, called centrioles, which are surrounded by a matrix of proteins called the pericentriolar material. It is from this material that the microtubules are organized. The pericentriolar material is a dynamic structure and changes its size by assembling and disassembling its protein components. The larger the pericentriolar material, the more microtubules can form. Before a cell divides, it rapidly expands in a process called centrosome maturation. A protein called pericentrin initiates the maturation by helping to recruit other proteins to the centrosome. Pericentrin molecules are large, and it takes the cell between 10 and 20 minutes to make each one. Nevertheless, the cell can produce and deliver large quantities of pericentrin to the centrosome in a matter of minutes. We do not yet know how this happens. To investigate this further, Sepulveda, Antkowiak, Brust-Mascher et al. used advanced microscopy to study zebrafish embryos and human cells grown in the laboratory. The results showed that cells build and transport pericentrin at the same time. Cells use messenger RNA molecules as templates to build proteins. These feed into protein factories called ribosomes, which assemble the building blocks in the correct order. Rather than waiting for the pericentrin production to finish, the cell moves the active factories to the centrosome with the help of a molecular motor called dynein. By the time the pericentrin molecules are completely made by ribosomes, they are already at the centrosome, ready to help with the recruitment of other proteins during centrosome maturation. These findings improve our understanding of centrosome maturation. The next step is to find out how the cell coordinates this process with the recruitment of other proteins to the centrosome. It is also possible that the cell uses similar processes to deliver other proteins to different parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Mark Antkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Karan Mahe
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Tingyoung Ou
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Noemi M Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Lana N Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Lee Cheung
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Xueer Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Daniel Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Li-En Jao
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
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22
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Kaminskyy D, Kryshchyshyn A, Lesyk R. 5-Ene-4-thiazolidinones - An efficient tool in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:542-594. [PMID: 28987611 PMCID: PMC7111298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presented review is an attempt to summarize a huge volume of data on 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones being a widely studied class of small molecules used in modern organic and medicinal chemistry. The manuscript covers approaches to the synthesis of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives: modification of the C5 position of the basic core; synthesis of the target compounds in the one-pot or multistage reactions or transformation of other related heterocycles. The most prominent pharmacological profiles of 5-ene derivatives of different 4-thiazolidinone subtypes belonging to hit-, lead-compounds, drug-candidates and drugs as well as the most studied targets have been discussed. Currently target compounds (especially 5-en-rhodanines) are assigned as frequent hitters or pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) within high-throughput screening campaigns. Nevertheless, the crucial impact of the presence/nature of C5 substituent (namely 5-ene) on the pharmacological effects of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones was confirmed by the numerous listed findings from the original articles. The main directions for active 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones optimization have been shown: i) complication of the fragment in the C5 position; ii) introduction of the substituents in the N3 position (especially fragments with carboxylic group or its derivatives); iii) annealing in complex heterocyclic systems; iv) combination with other pharmacologically attractive fragments within hybrid pharmacophore approach. Moreover, the utilization of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones in the synthesis of complex compounds with potent pharmacological application is described. The chemical transformations cover mainly the reactions which involve the exocyclic double bond in C5 position of the main core and correspond to the abovementioned direction of the 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine.
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Combes G, Alharbi I, Braga LG, Elowe S. Playing polo during mitosis: PLK1 takes the lead. Oncogene 2017; 36:4819-4827. [PMID: 28436952 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), the prototypical member of the polo-like family of serine/threonine kinases, is a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes. Many layers of regulation have evolved to target PLK1 to different subcellular structures and to its various mitotic substrates in line with its numerous functions during mitosis. Collective work is starting to illuminate an important set of substrates for PLK1: the mitotic kinases that together ensure the fidelity of the cell division process. Amongst these, recent developments argue that PLK1 regulates the activity of the histone kinases Aurora B and Haspin to define centromere identity, of MPS1 to initiate spindle checkpoint signaling, and of BUB1 and its pseudokinase paralog BUBR1 to coordinate spindle checkpoint activation and inactivation. Here, we review the recent work describing the regulation of these kinases by PLK1. We highlight common themes throughout and argue that a major mitotic function of PLK1 is as a master regulator of these key kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Combes
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - I Alharbi
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - L G Braga
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Elowe
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Nogawa T, Ogita N, Futamura Y, Negishi S, Watanabe N, Osada H. Trachyspic acid 19-butyl ester, a new inhibitor of Plk1 polo box domain-dependent recognition from uncharacterized fungus RKGS-F2684. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:705-707. [PMID: 28096547 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigenori Negishi
- Alcohol Research and Institute, OENON Holdings, Inc, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Research Unit, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Liu Z, Sun Q, Wang X. PLK1, A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Transl Oncol 2016; 10:22-32. [PMID: 27888710 PMCID: PMC5124362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays an important role in the initiation, maintenance, and completion of mitosis. Dysfunction of PLK1 may promote cancerous transformation and drive its progression. PLK1 overexpression has been found in a variety of human cancers and was associated with poor prognoses in cancers. Many studies have showed that inhibition of PLK1 could lead to death of cancer cells by interfering with multiple stages of mitosis. Thus, PLK1 is expected to be a potential target for cancer therapy. In this article, we examined PLK1’s structural characteristics, its regulatory roles in cell mitosis, PLK1 expression, and its association with survival prognoses of cancer patients in a wide variety of cancer types, PLK1 interaction networks, and PLK1 inhibitors under investigation. Finally, we discussed the key issues in the development of PLK1-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingrong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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26
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Liberio MS, Sadowski MC, Davis RA, Rockstroh A, Vasireddy R, Lehman ML, Nelson CC. The ascidian natural product eusynstyelamide B is a novel topoisomerase II poison that induces DNA damage and growth arrest in prostate and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43944-63. [PMID: 26733491 PMCID: PMC4791278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an anti-cancer natural product drug discovery program, we recently identified eusynstyelamide B (EB), which displayed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of EB in cancer cell lines of the prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MDA-MB-231). EB inhibited cell growth (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced a G2 cell cycle arrest, as shown by a significant increase in the G2/M cell population in the absence of elevated levels of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3. In contrast to MDA-MB-231 cells, EB did not induce cell death in LNCaP cells when treated for up to 10 days. Transcript profiling and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that EB activated DNA damage pathways in LNCaP cells. Consistent with this, CHK2 phosphorylation was increased, p21CIP1/WAF1 was up-regulated and CDC2 expression strongly reduced by EB. Importantly, EB caused DNA double-strand breaks, yet did not directly interact with DNA. Analysis of topoisomerase II-mediated decatenation discovered that EB is a novel topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Liberio
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raj Vasireddy
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Van den Bossche J, Lardon F, Deschoolmeester V, De Pauw I, Vermorken JB, Specenier P, Pauwels P, Peeters M, Wouters A. Spotlight on Volasertib: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of a Promising Plk1 Inhibitor. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:749-86. [PMID: 27140825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Considering the important side effects of conventional microtubule targeting agents, more and more research focuses on regulatory proteins for the development of mitosis-specific agents. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of several cell cycle events, has arisen as an intriguing target in this research field. The observed overexpression of Plk1 in a broad range of human malignancies has given rise to the development of several potent and specific small molecule inhibitors targeting the kinase. In this review, we focus on volasertib (BI6727), the lead agent in category of Plk1 inhibitors at the moment. Numerous preclinical experiments have demonstrated that BI6727 is highly active across a variety of carcinoma cell lines, and the inhibitor has been reported to induce tumor regression in several xenograft models. Moreover, volasertib has shown clinical efficacy in multiple tumor types. As a result, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently awarded volasertib the Breakthrough Therapy status after significant benefit was observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with the Plk1 inhibitor. Here, we discuss both preclinical and clinical data available for volasertib administered as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies in a broad range of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van den Bossche
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V Deschoolmeester
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - I De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J B Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - P Specenier
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - P Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - A Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Senkiv J, Finiuk N, Kaminskyy D, Havrylyuk D, Wojtyra M, Kril I, Gzella A, Stoika R, Lesyk R. 5-Ene-4-thiazolidinones induce apoptosis in mammalian leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Spindle Assembly Checkpoint as a Potential Target in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 16:1-8. [PMID: 27435760 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and existing targeted therapy is a major obstacle to its successful treatment. New targets that offer alternative clinical options are therefore urgently needed. Recently, perturbation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the surveillance mechanism that maintains anaphase inhibition until all chromosomes reach the metaphase plate, has been regarded as a promising target to fight cancer cells, either alone or in combination regimens. Consistent with this strategy, many cancers, including CRC, exhibit altered expression of SAC genes. In this article, we review our current knowledge on SAC activity status in CRC, and on current anti-CRC strategies and future therapeutic perspectives on the basis of SAC targeting experiments in vitro and in animal models.
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30
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Baran V, Brzakova A, Rehak P, Kovarikova V, Solc P. PLK1 regulates spindle formation kinetics and APC/C activation in mouse zygote. ZYGOTE 2016; 24:338-45. [PMID: 26174739 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is involved in essential events of cell cycle including mitosis in which it participates in centrosomal microtubule nucleation, spindle bipolarity establishment and cytokinesis. Although PLK1 function has been studied in cycling cancer cells, only limited data are known about its role in the first mitosis of mammalian zygotes. During the 1-cell stage of mouse embryo development, the acentriolar spindle is formed and the shift from acentriolar to centrosomal spindle formation progresses gradually throughout the preimplantation stage, thus providing a unique possibility to study acentriolar spindle formation. We have shown previously that PLK1 activity is not essential for entry into first mitosis, but is required for correct spindle formation and anaphase onset in 1-cell mouse embryos. In the present study, we extend this knowledge by employing quantitative confocal live cell imaging to determine spindle formation kinetics in the absence of PLK1 activity and answer the question whether metaphase arrest at PLK1-inhibited embryos is associated with low anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity and consequently high securin level. We have shown that inhibition of PLK1 activity induces a delay in onset of acentriolar spindle formation during first mitosis. Although these PLK1-inhibited 1-cell embryos were finally able to form a bipolar spindle, not all chromosomes were aligned at the metaphase equator. PLK1-inhibited embryos were arrested in metaphase without any sign of APC/C activation with high securin levels. Our results document that PLK1 controls the onset of spindle assembly and spindle formation, and is essential for APC/C activation before anaphase onset in mouse zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Baran
- Institute of Animal Physiology,Slovak Academy of Sciences,Soltesovej 4,040 01 Kosice,Slovakia
| | - Adela Brzakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Libechov,Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Rehak
- Institute of Animal Physiology,Slovak Academy of Sciences,Kosice,Slovakia
| | | | - Petr Solc
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Libechov,Czech Republic
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31
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Kumar S, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Chakraborty C, Kim J. PLK-1: Angel or devil for cell cycle progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1865:190-203. [PMID: 26899266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PLK-1 is a key player in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Cell cycle progression is precisely controlled by cell cycle regulatory kinases. PLK-1 is a mitotic kinase that actively regulates the G2/M transition, mitosis, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. During cell cycle progression, PLK-1 controls various events related to the cell cycle maturation, directly and/or indirectly. On the contrary, aberrant expression of PLK-1 is strongly associated with tumorigenesis and its poor prognosis. The misexpression of PLK-1 causes the abnormalities including aneuploidy, mitotic defects, leading to tumorigenesis through inhibiting the p53 and pRB genes. Therefore, we reviewed the role of PLK-1 in the cell cycle progression and in the tumorigenesis either as a cell cycle regulator or on an attractive anti-cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India.
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Bussey KJ, Bapat A, Linnehan C, Wandoloski M, Dastrup E, Rogers E, Gonzales P, Demeure MJ. Targeting polo-like kinase 1, a regulator of p53, in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:1. [PMID: 26754547 PMCID: PMC4709336 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer with a 5 year survival rate of 20-30 %. Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ACC including dysregulation of the G2/M transition and aberrant activity of p53 and MDM2. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) negatively modulates p53 functioning, promotes MDM2 activity through its phosphorylation, and is involved in the G2/M transition. Gene expression profiling of 44 ACC samples showed that increased expression of PLK-1 in 29 % of ACC. Consequently, we examined PLK-1's role in the modulation of the p53 signaling pathway in adrenocortical cancer. METHODS We used siRNA knock down PLK-1 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK-1 and MDM2 ACC cell lines SW-13 and H295R. We examined viability, protein expression, p53 transactivation, and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Knocking down expression of PLK-1 with siRNA or inhibition of PLK-1 by a small molecule inhibitor, BI-2536, resulted in a loss of viability of up to 70 % in the ACC cell lines H295R and SW-13. In xenograft models, BI-2536 demonstrated marked inhibition of growth of SW-13 with less inhibition of H295R. BI-2536 treatment resulted in a decrease in mutant p53 protein in SW-13 cells but had no effect on wild-type p53 protein levels in H295R cells. Additionally, inhibition of PLK-1 restored wild-type p53's transactivation and apoptotic functions in H295R cells, while these functions of mutant p53 were restored only to a smaller extent. Furthermore, inhibition of MDM2 with nutlin-3 reduced the viability of both the ACC cells and also reactivated wild-type p53's apoptotic function. Inhibition of PLK-1 sensitized the ACC cell lines to MDM2 inhibition and this dual inhibition resulted in an additive apoptotic response in H295R cells with wild-type p53. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical studies suggest that targeting p53 through PLK-1 is an attractive chemotherapy strategy warranting further investigation in adrenocortical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Bussey
- NantOmics, LLC, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, PO Box 875001, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA.
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Aditi Bapat
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Claire Linnehan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Erica Dastrup
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Erik Rogers
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Paul Gonzales
- Translational Drug Development (TD2), Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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33
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Shafique S, Bibi N, Rashid S. In silico identification of putative bifunctional Plk1 inhibitors by integrative virtual screening and structural dynamics approach. J Theor Biol 2016; 388:72-84. [PMID: 26493360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polo like kinase (Plk1) is a master regulator of cell cycle and considered as next generation antimitotic target in human. As Plk1 predominantly expresses in the dividing cells with a much higher expression in cancerous cells, it serves as a discriminative target for cancer therapeutics. Here we implied a novel and promising integrative strategy to identify "bifunctional" Plk1 inhibitors that compete simultaneously with ATP and substrate for their binding sites. We integrated structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and molecular dynamics simulations with emphasis on unique structural properties of Plk1. Through screening of 20,000 compounds, nearly ~2000 hits were enriched and subjected to SBVS against ATP and substrate binding sites of Plk1. Subsequently, on the basis of their binding abilities to Plk1 kinase and polo box domains, filtration of candidate hits resulted in the isolation of 26 compounds. By exclusion of close analogs or isomers, 10 unique compounds were selected for detailed study. A representative compound was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation assay to have deep structural insights and to gauge critical structural crunch for inhibitor binding against kinase and polo box domains. Our integrative approach may complement high-throughput screening and identify bifunctional Plk1 inhibitors that may contribute in selective targeting of Plk1 to elicit desired biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Shafique
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Bibi
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Mitotic kinetochores are signaling network hubs that regulate chromosome movements, attachment error-correction, and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Key switches in these networks are kinases and phosphatases that enable rapid responses to changing conditions. Describing the mechanisms and dynamics of their localized activation and deactivation is therefore instrumental for understanding the spatiotemporal control of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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35
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Lee KS, Burke TR, Park JE, Bang JK, Lee E. Recent Advances and New Strategies in Targeting Plk1 for Anticancer Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:858-877. [PMID: 26478211 PMCID: PMC4684765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating mitotic processes that are crucial for cellular proliferation. Overexpression of Plk1 is tightly associated with the development of particular cancers in humans, and a large body of evidence suggests that Plk1 is an attractive target for anticancer therapeutic development. Drugs targeting Plk1 can potentially be directed at two distinct sites: the N-terminal catalytic kinase domain (KD), which phosphorylates substrates, and the C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) which is essential for protein-protein interactions. In this review we summarize recent advances and new challenges in the development of Plk1 inhibitors targeting these two domains. We also discuss novel strategies for designing and developing next-generation inhibitors to effectively treat Plk1-associated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Cheongwon 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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36
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Kumar S, Kim J. PLK-1 Targeted Inhibitors and Their Potential against Tumorigenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:705745. [PMID: 26557691 PMCID: PMC4628734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/705745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic kinases are the key components of the cell cycle machinery and play vital roles in cell cycle progression. PLK-1 (Polo-like kinase-1) is a crucial mitotic protein kinase that plays an essential role in both the onset of G2/M transition and cytokinesis. The overexpression of PLK-1 is strongly correlated with a wide spectrum of human cancers and poor prognosis. The (si)RNA-mediated depletion of PLK-1 arrests tumor growth and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Therefore, PLK-1 has been selected as an attractive anticancer therapeutic drug target. Some small molecules have been discovered to target the catalytic and noncatalytic domains of PLK-1. These domains regulate the catalytic activation and subcellular localization of PLK-1. However, while PLK-1 inhibitors block tumor growth, they have been shown to cause severe adverse complications, such as toxicity, neutropenia, and bone marrow suppression during clinical trials, due to a lack of selectivity and specificity within the human kinome. To minimize these toxicities, inhibitors should be tested against all protein kinases in vivo and in vitro to enhance selectivity and specificity against targets. Here, we discuss the potency and selectivity of PLK-1-targeted inhibitors and their molecular interactions with PLK-1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Archambault V, Lépine G, Kachaner D. Understanding the Polo Kinase machine. Oncogene 2015; 34:4799-807. [PMID: 25619835 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Polo Kinase is a central regulator of cell division required for several events of mitosis and cytokinesis. In addition to a kinase domain (KD), Polo-like kinases (Plks) comprise a Polo-Box domain (PBD), which mediates protein interactions with targets and regulators of Plks. In all organisms that contain Plks, one Plk family member fulfills several essential functions in the regulation of cell division, and here we refer to this conserved protein as Polo Kinase (Plk1 in humans). The PBD and the KD are capable of both cooperation and mutual inhibition in their functions. Crystal structures of the PBD, the KD and, recently, a PBD-KD complex have helped understanding the inner workings of the Polo Kinase. In parallel, an impressive array of molecular mechanisms has been found to mediate the regulation of the protein. Moreover, the targeting of Polo Kinase in the development of anti-cancer drugs has yielded several molecules with which to chemically modulate Polo Kinase to study its biological functions. Here we review our current understanding of the protein function and regulation of Polo Kinase as a fascinating molecular device in control of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Archambault
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Lépine
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - D Kachaner
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease diagnosed mostly in patients >65 years of age. Despite its heterogeneous nature, the different types of AMLs are still managed by standard induction chemotherapy for those who can tolerate it in the beginning. For the elderly and infirm patients, however, this approach leads to unacceptably high induction mortality rate. This article reviews past and current efforts searching for low-intensiveness treatments for the elderly and infirm patients who cannot tolerate the standard induction regimen. Volasertib, currently in Phase III clinical trials in combination with cytarabine, is reviewed as a promising agent for this patient population with AML, from the viewpoints of potential compliance and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Hao
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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von Schubert C, Cubizolles F, Bracher JM, Sliedrecht T, Kops GJPL, Nigg EA. Plk1 and Mps1 Cooperatively Regulate the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Human Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 12:66-78. [PMID: 26119734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Equal mitotic chromosome segregation is critical for genome integrity and is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We have previously shown that the consensus phosphorylation motif of the essential SAC kinase Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is very similar to that of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). This prompted us to ask whether human Plk1 cooperates with Mps1 in SAC signaling. Here, we demonstrate that Plk1 promotes checkpoint signaling at kinetochores through the phosphorylation of at least two Mps1 substrates, including KNL-1 and Mps1 itself. As a result, Plk1 activity enhances Mps1 catalytic activity as well as the recruitment of the SAC components Mad1:C-Mad2 and Bub3:BubR1 to kinetochores. We conclude that Plk1 strengthens the robustness of SAC establishment at the onset of mitosis and supports SAC maintenance during prolonged mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad von Schubert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Cubizolles
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine M Bracher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tale Sliedrecht
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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McCloy RA, Parker BL, Rogers S, Chaudhuri R, Gayevskiy V, Hoffman NJ, Ali N, Watkins DN, Daly RJ, James DE, Lorca T, Castro A, Burgess A. Global Phosphoproteomic Mapping of Early Mitotic Exit in Human Cells Identifies Novel Substrate Dephosphorylation Motifs. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2194-212. [PMID: 26055452 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is driven by the coordinated phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. For the cell to complete mitosis and divide into two identical daughter cells it must regulate dephosphorylation of these proteins in a highly ordered, temporal manner. There is currently a lack of a complete understanding of the phosphorylation changes that occur during the initial stages of mitotic exit in human cells. Therefore, we performed a large unbiased, global analysis to map the very first dephosphorylation events that occur as cells exit mitosis. We identified and quantified the modification of >16,000 phosphosites on >3300 unique proteins during early mitotic exit, providing up to eightfold greater resolution than previous studies. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001559. Only a small fraction (∼ 10%) of phosphorylation sites were dephosphorylated during early mitotic exit and these occurred on proteins involved in critical early exit events, including organization of the mitotic spindle, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and reformation of the nuclear envelope. Surprisingly this enrichment was observed across all kinase consensus motifs, indicating that it is independent of the upstream phosphorylating kinase. Therefore, dephosphorylation of these sites is likely determined by the specificity of phosphatase/s rather than the activity of kinase/s. Dephosphorylation was significantly affected by the amino acids at and surrounding the phosphorylation site, with several unique evolutionarily conserved amino acids correlating strongly with phosphorylation status. These data provide a potential mechanism for the specificity of phosphatases, and how they co-ordinate the ordered events of mitotic exit. In summary, our results provide a global overview of the phosphorylation changes that occur during the very first stages of mitotic exit, providing novel mechanistic insight into how phosphatase/s specifically regulate this critical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A McCloy
- From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- §The Charles Perkins Center, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel Rogers
- From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- §The Charles Perkins Center, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- §The Charles Perkins Center, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Naveid Ali
- From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; ¶St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; ‖Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University, Clatyon, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David E James
- §The Charles Perkins Center, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thierry Lorca
- ‡‡Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Anna Castro
- ‡‡Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ¶St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; From the ‡The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia;
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Woodruff JB, Wueseke O, Viscardi V, Mahamid J, Ochoa SD, Bunkenborg J, Widlund PO, Pozniakovsky A, Zanin E, Bahmanyar S, Zinke A, Hong SH, Decker M, Baumeister W, Andersen JS, Oegema K, Hyman AA. Centrosomes. Regulated assembly of a supramolecular centrosome scaffold in vitro. Science 2015; 348:808-12. [PMID: 25977552 PMCID: PMC5039038 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome organizes microtubule arrays within animal cells and comprises two centrioles surrounded by an amorphous protein mass called the pericentriolar material (PCM). Despite the importance of centrosomes as microtubule-organizing centers, the mechanism and regulation of PCM assembly are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PCM assembly requires the coiled-coil protein SPD-5. We found that recombinant SPD-5 could polymerize to form micrometer-sized porous networks in vitro. Network assembly was accelerated by two conserved regulators that control PCM assembly in vivo, Polo-like kinase-1 and SPD-2/Cep192. Only the assembled SPD-5 networks, and not unassembled SPD-5 protein, functioned as a scaffold for other PCM proteins. Thus, PCM size and binding capacity emerge from the regulated polymerization of one coiled-coil protein to form a porous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Wueseke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeria Viscardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Stacy D Ochoa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jakob Bunkenborg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per O Widlund
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei Pozniakovsky
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Zanin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shirin Bahmanyar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Zinke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sun Hae Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marcus Decker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Oegema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Venghateri JB, Jindal B, Panda D. The centrosome: a prospective entrant in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:957-72. [PMID: 25787715 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1018823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The centrosome plays an essential role in the cell cycle. The centrosome and its associated proteins assist in nucleating and organizing microtubules. A structural or a functional aberration in the centrosome is known to cause abnormal cell proliferation leading to tumors. Therefore, the centrosome is considered as a promising anti-cancer target. AREAS COVERED This review begins with a brief introduction to the centrosome and its role in the cell cycle. We elaborate on the centrosome-associated proteins that regulate microtubule dynamics. In addition, we discuss the centrosomal protein kinase targets such as cyclin-dependent, polo-like and aurora kinases. Inhibitors targeting these kinases are undergoing clinical trials for cancer chemotherapy. Further, we shed light on new approaches to target the centrosomal proteins for cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Insights into the functioning of the centrosomal proteins will be extremely beneficial in validating the centrosome as a target in cancer therapy. New strategies either as a single entity or in combination with current chemotherapeutic agents should be researched or exploited to reveal the promises that the centrosome holds for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubina B Venghateri
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IITB-Monash Research Academy , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
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43
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Choi M, Kim W, Cheon MG, Lee CW, Kim JE. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor BI2536 causes mitotic catastrophe following activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:591-601. [PMID: 25524551 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a critical kinase that regulates multiple steps in mitosis, is overexpressed in diverse human cancers; thus many PLK1 inhibitors have been developed as potential cancer therapeutic agents. One of these compounds, the PLK1-specific inhibitor BI2536, has been investigated as a cytotoxic drug in several cancers, including lung cancer; however, the detailed mechanism by which BI2536 induces defects in cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been determined. We found that BI2536 treatment resulted in mitotic arrest due to improper formation of the mitotic spindles and mitotic centrosomes. The unattached kinetochores in BI2536-treated NSCLC cells activated the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). The prolonged activation of the SAC led to a type of apoptotic cell death referred to as mitotic catastrophe. Finally, BI2536-treated NSCLC cells show a defect in cell proliferation. Overall, these data indicate that PLK1 inhibition via mitotic disruption represents a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Solc P, Kitajima TS, Yoshida S, Brzakova A, Kaido M, Baran V, Mayer A, Samalova P, Motlik J, Ellenberg J. Multiple requirements of PLK1 during mouse oocyte maturation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116783. [PMID: 25658810 PMCID: PMC4319955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) orchestrates multiple events of cell division. Although PLK1 function has been intensively studied in centriole-containing and rapidly cycling somatic cells, much less is known about its function in the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes, which arrest for a long period of time in prophase before meiotic resumption and lack centrioles for spindle assembly. Here, using specific small molecule inhibition combined with live mouse oocyte imaging, we comprehensively characterize meiotic PLK1's functions. We show that PLK1 becomes activated at meiotic resumption on microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) and later at kinetochores. PLK1 is required for efficient meiotic resumption by promoting nuclear envelope breakdown. PLK1 is also needed to recruit centrosomal proteins to acentriolar MTOCs to promote normal spindle formation, as well as for stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Consequently, PLK1 inhibition leads to metaphase I arrest with misaligned chromosomes activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Unlike in mitosis, the metaphase I arrest is not bypassed by the inactivation of the SAC. We show that PLK1 is required for the full activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by promoting the degradation of the APC/C inhibitor EMI1 and is therefore essential for entry into anaphase I. Moreover, our data suggest that PLK1 is required for proper chromosome segregation and the maintenance of chromosome condensation during the meiosis I-II transition, independently of the APC/C. Thus, our results define the meiotic roles of PLK1 in oocytes and reveal interesting differential requirements of PLK1 between mitosis and oocyte meiosis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Solc
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoya S. Kitajima
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Adela Brzakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Kaido
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Alexandra Mayer
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Samalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Raab M, Krämer A, Hehlgans S, Sanhaji M, Kurunci-Csacsko E, Dötsch C, Bug G, Ottmann O, Becker S, Pachl F, Kuster B, Strebhardt K. Mitotic arrest and slippage induced by pharmacological inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:140-54. [PMID: 25169932 PMCID: PMC5528686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to drugs that interfere with microtubule dynamics block cell cycle progression at mitosis by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Cells can evade mitotic arrest and proceed to interphase without chromosome segregation by a process termed mitotic slippage that involves Cyclin B1 degradation without checkpoint inactivation. Here, we explored the cellular response to small-molecule inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), an important regulator of cell division. We found that the clinical Plk1 inhibitors BI 2536 and BI 6727, both unexpectedly, induced a dose-dependent cellular drug response: While mitotic arrest was induced in cancer cell lines and primary non-transformed cells across the entire range of concentrations tested, only high concentrations seemed to promote mitotic slippage. Since this observation contrasts with the effects expected from studies reporting RNAi-mediated Plk1 depletion in cancer cells, we wondered whether both ATP-competitive inhibitors target unknown kinases that are involved in signaling from the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and might contribute to the mitotic slippage. A chemical proteomics approach used to profile the selectivity of both inhibitors revealed that SAC kinases are not targeted directly. Still, the activities of Cdk1/Cyclin B1 and Aurora B, which plays important roles in the error correction of false microtubule-kinetochore attachments and in checkpoint signaling, were shown to be downregulated at high inhibitor concentrations. Our data suggest that the inhibition of Plk1 activity below a certain threshold influences Aurora B activity via reduced phosphorylation of Fox M1 and Survivin leading to diminished levels of Aurora B protein and alteration of its subcellular localization. Within the spectrum of SAC proteins that are degraded during mitotic slippage, the degradation of Cyclin B1 and the downregulation of Aurora B activity by Plk1 inhibition seem to be critical promoters of mitotic slippage. The results indicate that careful dose-finding studies in cancer trials are necessary to limit or even prevent mitotic slippage, which could be associated with improved cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Krämer
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurunci-Csacsko
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Dötsch
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Driscoll DL, Chakravarty A, Bowman D, Shinde V, Lasky K, Shi J, Vos T, Stringer B, Amidon B, D'Amore N, Hyer ML. Plk1 inhibition causes post-mitotic DNA damage and senescence in a range of human tumor cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111060. [PMID: 25365521 PMCID: PMC4218841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plk1 is a checkpoint protein whose role spans all of mitosis and includes DNA repair, and is highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to man. Consistent with this wide array of functions for Plk1, the cellular consequences of Plk1 disruption are diverse, spanning delays in mitotic entry, mitotic spindle abnormalities, and transient mitotic arrest leading to mitotic slippage and failures in cytokinesis. In this work, we present the in vitro and in vivo consequences of Plk1 inhibition in cancer cells using potent, selective small-molecule Plk1 inhibitors and Plk1 genetic knock-down approaches. We demonstrate for the first time that cellular senescence is the predominant outcome of Plk1 inhibition in some cancer cell lines, whereas in other cancer cell lines the dominant outcome appears to be apoptosis, as has been reported in the literature. We also demonstrate strong induction of DNA double-strand breaks in all six lines examined (as assayed by γH2AX), which occurs either during mitotic arrest or mitotic-exit, and may be linked to the downstream induction of senescence. Taken together, our findings expand the view of Plk1 inhibition, demonstrating the occurrence of a non-apoptotic outcome in some settings. Our findings are also consistent with the possibility that mitotic arrest observed as a result of Plk1 inhibition is at least partially due to the presence of unrepaired double-strand breaks in mitosis. These novel findings may lead to alternative strategies for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting Plk1, in the selection of biomarkers, patient populations, combination partners and dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Driscoll
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arijit Chakravarty
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Doug Bowman
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vaishali Shinde
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kerri Lasky
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judy Shi
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tricia Vos
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bradley Stringer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ben Amidon
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalie D'Amore
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc L. Hyer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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47
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Kachaner D, Pinson X, El Kadhi KB, Normandin K, Talje L, Lavoie H, Lépine G, Carréno S, Kwok BH, Hickson GR, Archambault V. Interdomain allosteric regulation of Polo kinase by Aurora B and Map205 is required for cytokinesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:201-11. [PMID: 25332165 PMCID: PMC4210448 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aurora B phosphorylation of the Polo kinase activation loop disrupts its binding to Map205 and central spindle microtubules, allowing it to be recruited to the site of cytokinesis. Drosophila melanogaster Polo and its human orthologue Polo-like kinase 1 fulfill essential roles during cell division. Members of the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family contain an N-terminal kinase domain (KD) and a C-terminal Polo-Box domain (PBD), which mediates protein interactions. How Plks are regulated in cytokinesis is poorly understood. Here we show that phosphorylation of Polo by Aurora B is required for cytokinesis. This phosphorylation in the activation loop of the KD promotes the dissociation of Polo from the PBD-bound microtubule-associated protein Map205, which acts as an allosteric inhibitor of Polo kinase activity. This mechanism allows the release of active Polo from microtubules of the central spindle and its recruitment to the site of cytokinesis. Failure in Polo phosphorylation results in both early and late cytokinesis defects. Importantly, the antagonistic regulation of Polo by Aurora B and Map205 in cytokinesis reveals that interdomain allosteric mechanisms can play important roles in controlling the cellular functions of Plks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kachaner
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Xavier Pinson
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Khaled Ben El Kadhi
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Karine Normandin
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lama Talje
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hugo Lavoie
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lépine
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gilles R Hickson
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Vincent Archambault
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Giansanti MG, Sechi S, Frappaolo A, Belloni G, Piergentili R. Cytokinesis in Drosophila male meiosis. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 2:185-196. [PMID: 23094234 PMCID: PMC3469441 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.21711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm and the duplicated genome into two daughter cells at the end of cell division. This process must be finely regulated to maintain ploidy and prevent tumor formation. Drosophila male meiosis provides an excellent cell system for investigating cytokinesis. Mutants affecting this process can be easily identified and spermatocytes are large cells particularly suitable for cytological analysis of cytokinetic structures. Over the past decade, the powerful tools of Drosophila genetics and the unique characteristics of this cell system have led researchers to identify molecular players of the cell cleavage machinery and to address important open questions. Although spermatocyte cytokinesis is incomplete, resulting in formation of stable intercellular bridges, the molecular mechanisms are largely conserved in somatic cells. Thus, studies of Drosophila male meiosis will shed new light on the complex cell circuits regulating furrow ingression and substantially further our knowledge of cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Università Sapienza di Roma; Rome, Italy
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Craig SN, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Current assessment of polo-like kinases as anti-tumor drug targets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:773-89. [PMID: 24819909 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.918100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo-like kinase (PLK)1 is the most studied of the PLK family and is a serine/threonine kinase that plays pivotal roles in many aspects of mitosis and hence its deregulation is prevalent in various malignant tumor types. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the relevancy of PLK1 and other PLK members as oncology targets in light of known roles of these kinases and the observed phenotypic consequence of downregulating their activity, depending on how they are targeted. Furthermore, they also discuss the pathways mutated in cancer that have been shown to enhance sensitivity toward PLK1 inhibitors in the context of tumor types that possess these molecular defects. They also summarize preclinical and clinical investigations that have been undertaken for both ATP and non-ATP competitive inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION PLKs 2, 3 and 5 are primarily linked with tumor suppressor functions and as PLK1 is the most validated anticancer drug target, selective inhibitors for its activities are most likely to result in effective therapeutics with reduced side effects. In this regard, the polo box domain can be targeted to generate selective inhibitors of PLK1 while preventing inhibition of kinases outside of this family. Recent studies confirming the synthetic lethality of other molecular defects with PLK1 can be exploited to obtain tumor selective apoptosis in p53, KRAS and PTEN mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Craig
- University of South Carolina, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences , Columbia, SC, 29208 , USA +1 803 576 5684 ;
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Zitouni S, Nabais C, Jana SC, Guerrero A, Bettencourt-Dias M. Polo-like kinases: structural variations lead to multiple functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:433-52. [PMID: 24954208 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the polo-like kinase (PLK) family are crucial regulators of cell cycle progression, centriole duplication, mitosis, cytokinesis and the DNA damage response. PLKs undergo major changes in abundance, activity, localization and structure at different stages of the cell cycle. They interact with other proteins in a tightly controlled spatiotemporal manner as part of a network that coordinates key cell cycle events. Their essential roles are highlighted by the fact that alterations in PLK function are associated with cancers and other diseases. Recent knowledge gained from PLK crystal structures, evolution and interacting molecules offers important insights into the mechanisms that underlie their regulation and activity, and suggests novel functions unrelated to cell cycle control for this family of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Zitouni
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nabais
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Swadhin Chandra Jana
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Adán Guerrero
- 1] Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal. [2] Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Mor., Mexico
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