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Gautam A, Lalande A, Ritter M, Freitas N, Lerolle S, Canus L, Amirache F, Lotteau V, Legros V, Cosset FL, Mathieu C, Boson B. The PACS-2 protein and trafficking motifs in CCHFV Gn and Gc cytoplasmic domains govern CCHFV assembly. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2348508. [PMID: 38661085 PMCID: PMC11159592 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2348508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus that causes high mortality in humans. This enveloped virus harbors two surface glycoproteins (GP), Gn and Gc, that are released by processing of a glycoprotein precursor complex whose maturation takes place in the ER and is completed through the secretion pathway. Here, we characterized the trafficking network exploited by CCHFV GPs during viral assembly, envelopment, and/or egress. We identified membrane trafficking motifs in the cytoplasmic domains (CD) of CCHFV GPs and addressed how they impact these late stages of the viral life cycle using infection and biochemical assays, and confocal microscopy in virus-producing cells. We found that several of the identified CD motifs modulate GP transport through the retrograde trafficking network, impacting envelopment and secretion of infectious particles. Finally, we identified PACS-2 as a crucial host factor contributing to CCHFV GPs trafficking required for assembly and release of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gautam
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maureen Ritter
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Lerolle
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fouzia Amirache
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Vincent Legros
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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2
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Ge WD, Du TT, Wang CY, Sun LN, Wang YQ. Calcium signaling crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, a new drug development strategies of kidney diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116278. [PMID: 38740223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) acts as a second messenger and constitutes a complex and large information exchange system between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria; this process is involved in various life activities, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that alterations in Ca2+ crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, including alterations in ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels and related Ca2+ regulatory proteins, such as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calnexin (CNX), are closely associated with the development of kidney disease. Therapies targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling have emerged as an emerging field in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we focused on recent advances in Ca2+ signaling, ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ monitoring methods and Ca2+ homeostasis in the development of renal diseases and sought to identify new targets and insights for the treatment of renal diseases by targeting Ca2+ channels or related Ca2+ regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Di Ge
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Du
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cao-Yang Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Barbuti PA. A-Syn(ful) MAM: A Fresh Perspective on a Converging Domain in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6525. [PMID: 38928232 PMCID: PMC11203789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of an unknown origin. Despite that, decades of research have provided considerable evidence that alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is central to the pathogenesis of disease. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are functional domains formed at contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, with a well-established function of MAMs being the control of lipid homeostasis within the cell. Additionally, there are numerous proteins localized or enriched at MAMs that have regulatory roles in several different molecular signaling pathways required for cellular homeostasis, such as autophagy and neuroinflammation. Alterations in several of these signaling pathways that are functionally associated with MAMs are found in PD. Taken together with studies that find αSyn localized at MAMs, this has implicated MAM (dys)function as a converging domain relevant to PD. This review will highlight the many functions of MAMs and provide an overview of the literature that finds αSyn, in addition to several other PD-related proteins, localized there. This review will also detail the direct interaction of αSyn and αSyn-interacting partners with specific MAM-resident proteins. In addition, recent studies exploring new methods to investigate MAMs will be discussed, along with some of the controversies regarding αSyn, including its several conformations and subcellular localizations. The goal of this review is to highlight and provide insight on a domain that is incompletely understood and, from a PD perspective, highlight those complex interactions that may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying PD, which may lead to the targeted development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Barbuti
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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4
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Lim S, Ha Y, Lee B, Shin J, Rhim T. Calnexin as a dual-role biomarker: antibody-based diagnosis and therapeutic targeting in lung cancer. BMB Rep 2024; 57:155-160. [PMID: 38303563 PMCID: PMC10979343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer carries one of the highest mortality rates among all cancers. It is often diagnosed at more advanced stages with limited treatment options compared to other malignancies. This study focuses on calnexin as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Calnexin, a molecular chaperone integral to N-linked glycoprotein synthesis, has shown some associations with cancer. However, targeted therapeutic or diagnostic methods using calnexin have been proposed. Through 1D-LCMSMS, we identified calnexin as a biomarker for lung cancer and substantiated its expression in human lung cancer cell membranes using Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry. Anti-calnexin antibodies exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity to lung cancer cell lines, resulting in a notable reduction in tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Additionally, we verified the feasibility of labeling tumors through in vivo imaging using antibodies against calnexin. Furthermore, exosomal detection of calnexin suggested the potential utility of liquid biopsy for diagnostic purposes. In conclusion, this study establishes calnexin as a promising target for antibody-based lung cancer diagnosis and therapy, unlocking novel avenues for early detection and treatment. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(3): 155-160].
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Youngeun Ha
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Junho Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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5
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Makio T, Simmen T. Not So Rare: Diseases Based on Mutant Proteins Controlling Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact (MERC) Tethering. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241261228. [PMID: 39070058 PMCID: PMC11273598 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241261228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs), also called endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS), are the membrane domains, where these two organelles exchange lipids, Ca2+ ions, and reactive oxygen species. This crosstalk is a major determinant of cell metabolism, since it allows the ER to control mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, while conversely, it allows the mitochondria to provide sufficient ATP to control ER proteostasis. MERC metabolic signaling is under the control of tethers and a multitude of regulatory proteins. Many of these proteins have recently been discovered to give rise to rare diseases if their genes are mutated. Surprisingly, these diseases share important hallmarks and cause neurological defects, sometimes paired with, or replaced by skeletal muscle deficiency. Typical symptoms include developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism and ophthalmologic defects. Seizures, epilepsy, deafness, ataxia, or peripheral neuropathy can also occur upon mutation of a MERC protein. Given that most MERC tethers and regulatory proteins have secondary functions, some MERC protein-based diseases do not fit into this categorization. Typically, however, the proteins affected in those diseases have dominant functions unrelated to their roles in MERCs tethering or their regulation. We are discussing avenues to pharmacologically target genetic diseases leading to MERC defects, based on our novel insight that MERC defects lead to common characteristics in rare diseases. These shared characteristics of MERCs disorders raise the hope that they may allow for similar treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Makio
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Zhang Y, Li G, Zhao Y, Dai X, Hu M, Cao H, Huang K, Yang F. Inhibition of calcium imbalance protects hepatocytes from vanadium exposure-induced inflammation by mediating mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103013. [PMID: 37856907 PMCID: PMC10591013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an essential mineral element in animals, but excessive V can lead to many diseases, affecting the health of humans and animals. However, the molecular crosstalk between mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and inflammation under V exposure is still at the exploratory stage. This study was conducted to determine the molecular crosstalk between MAMs and inflammation under V exposure in ducks. In this study, duck hepatocytes were treated with NaVO3 (0 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) and 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) (IP3R inhibitor) alone or in combination for 24 h. The data showed that V exposure-induced cell vacuolization, enlarged intercellular space, and decreased density and viability. Meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were upregulated under V treatment. In addition, excessive V could lead to a marked reduction in the MAMs structure, destruction of the membrane structure and overload of intracellular Ca2+ and mitochondrial Ca2+. Moreover, V treatment resulted in notable upregulation of the levels of MAMs-relevant factors (IP3R, Mfn2, Grp75, MCU, VDAC1) but downregulated the levels of IL-18, IL-1β, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant. Additionally, it also significantly elevated the levels of inflammation-relevant factors (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, MAVS, IL-18, IL-1β, and TXNIP). However, the inhibition of IP3R expression attenuated the V-induced variations in the above indicators. Collectively, our results revealed that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis could protect duck hepatocytes from V-induced inflammation injury via MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- The Second People's Hospital, Jingdezhen 333099, China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingwen Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Jiangxi Agricultural Engineering College, Zhangshu 331200, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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7
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Osten F, Löscher W, Gericke B. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells release different types of P-glycoprotein-containing extracellular vesicles upon exposure to doxorubicin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116712. [PMID: 37820772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is predominantly located on the luminal membrane of microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that form the blood-brain barrier. In addition, Pgp is localized in intracellular organelles involved in Pgp traffic and cycling and, by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), in intercellular Pgp transfer to cells with low Pgp expression. We recently described that drug exposure of a human BMEC line (hCMEC/D3) induces the release of Pgp-EGFP-containing EVs; however, the nature of the Pgp-enriched vesicles was not characterized. The two main categories of EVs are exosomes and microvesicles, which differ in origin, size, and molecular cargo. In the present study, we performed similar experiments with hCMEC/D3 cells in the absence and presence of doxorubicin and isolated and characterized the EVs released by the cells during the experiments by differential ultracentrifugation with/without subsequent sucrose gradient fractionation of EV pellets, proteomic profiling, EV size analysis, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Using cocultures of hCMEC/D3 wildtype cells and cells transduced with MDR1-EGFP or monocultures of hCMEC/D3-MDR1-EGFP cells, we found release of both Pgp-enriched exosomes and microvesicles but analysis of the exosomal marker protein Rab7 indicated that doxorubicin increased particularly the release of exosomes. Transfer experiments with isolated EVs demonstrated EV endocytosis by recipient cells. EV release from BMECs in response to anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin likely serves different functions, including non-genetic intercellular transfer of a resistance phenotype to neighboring BMECs and a mechanism of drug extrusion that contributes to brain protection against potentially toxic chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Osten
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Lüningschrör P, Andreska T, Veh A, Wolf D, Giridhar NJ, Moradi M, Denzel A, Sendtner M. Calnexin controls TrkB cell surface transport and ER-phagy in mouse cerebral cortex development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1733-1747.e6. [PMID: 37506696 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Transactivation of Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by EGF leads to cell surface transport of TrkB, promoting its signaling responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical process for proper cortical plate development. However, the mechanisms that regulate the transport of TrkB to the cell surface are not fully understood. Here, we identified Calnexin as a regulator for targeting TrkB either to the cell surface or toward autophagosomal processing. Calnexin-deficient mouse embryos show impaired cortical plate formation and elevated levels of transactivated TrkB. In Calnexin-depleted mouse neuronal precursor cells, we detected an impaired cell surface transport of TrkB in response to EGF and an impaired delivery to autophagosomes. Mechanistically, we show that Calnexin facilitates the interaction of TrkB with the ER-phagy receptor Fam134b, thereby targeting TrkB to ER-phagy. This mechanism appears as a critical process for fine-tuning the sensitivity of neurons to BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Veh
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neha Jadhav Giridhar
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehri Moradi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Denzel
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund now Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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9
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Thi My Nhung T, Phuoc Long N, Diem Nghi T, Suh Y, Hoang Anh N, Jung CW, Minh Triet H, Jung M, Woo Y, Yoo J, Noh S, Kim SJ, Lee SB, Park S, Thomas G, Simmen T, Mun J, Rhee HW, Kwon SW, Park SK. Genome-wide kinase-MAM interactome screening reveals the role of CK2A1 in MAM Ca 2+ dynamics linked to DEE66. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303402120. [PMID: 37523531 PMCID: PMC10410754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303402120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria form a unique subcellular compartment called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). Disruption of MAMs impairs Ca2+ homeostasis, triggering pleiotropic effects in the neuronal system. Genome-wide kinase-MAM interactome screening identifies casein kinase 2 alpha 1 (CK2A1) as a regulator of composition and Ca2+ transport of MAMs. CK2A1-mediated phosphorylation of PACS2 at Ser207/208/213 facilitates MAM localization of the CK2A1-PACS2-PKD2 complex, regulating PKD2-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. We further reveal that mutations of PACS2 (E209K and E211K) associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-66 (DEE66) impair MAM integrity through the disturbance of PACS2 phosphorylation at Ser207/208/213. This, in turn, causes the reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the dramatic increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ level, thereby, inducing neurotransmitter release at the axon boutons of glutamatergic neurons. In conclusion, our findings suggest a molecular mechanism that MAM alterations induced by pathological PACS2 mutations modulate Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Minh Triet
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA15219
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jiyoung Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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He Q, Qu M, Shen T, Su J, Xu Y, Xu C, Barkat MQ, Cai J, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. Control of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes by protein S-palmitoylation: Novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101920. [PMID: 37004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic coupling structures between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a new subcellular structure, MAMs combine the two critical organelle functions. Mitochondria and the ER could regulate each other via MAMs. MAMs are involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, autophagy, ER stress, lipid metabolism, etc. Researchers have found that MAMs are closely related to metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The formation of MAMs and their functions depend on specific proteins. Numerous protein enrichments, such as the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex, constitute MAMs. The changes in these proteins govern the interaction between mitochondria and the ER; they also affect the biological functions of MAMs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that mainly occurs on protein cysteine residues. More and more studies have shown that the S-palmitoylation of proteins is closely related to their membrane localization. Here, we first briefly describe the composition and function of MAMs, reviewing the component and biological roles of MAMs mediated by S-palmitoylation, elaborating on S-palmitoylated proteins in Ca2+ flux, lipid rafts, and so on. We try to provide new insight into the molecular basis of MAMs-related diseases, mainly NDs. Finally, we propose potential drug compounds targeting S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Bassot A, Chen J, Takahashi-Yamashiro K, Yap MC, Gibhardt CS, Le GNT, Hario S, Nasu Y, Moore J, Gutiérrez T, Mina L, Mast H, Moses A, Bhat R, Ballanyi K, Lemieux H, Sitia R, Zito E, Bogeski I, Campbell RE, Simmen T. The endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK interacts with the oxidoreductase ERO1 to metabolically adapt mitochondria. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111899. [PMID: 36586409 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis requires molecular regulators that tailor mitochondrial bioenergetics to the needs of protein folding. For instance, calnexin maintains mitochondria metabolism and mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) from NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). However, induction of ER stress requires a quick molecular rewiring of mitochondria to adapt to new energy needs. This machinery is not characterized. We now show that the oxidoreductase ERO1⍺ covalently interacts with protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) upon treatment with tunicamycin. The PERK-ERO1⍺ interaction requires the C-terminal active site of ERO1⍺ and cysteine 216 of PERK. Moreover, we show that the PERK-ERO1⍺ complex promotes oxidization of MERC proteins and controls mitochondrial dynamics. Using proteinaceous probes, we determined that these functions improve ER-mitochondria Ca2+ flux to maintain bioenergetics in both organelles, while limiting oxidative stress. Therefore, the PERK-ERO1⍺ complex is a key molecular machinery that allows quick metabolic adaptation to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bassot
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Megan C Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christine Silvia Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giang N T Le
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saaya Hario
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jack Moore
- Alberta Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Alberta, 4096 Katz Research Building, Edmonton AB T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Tomas Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lucas Mina
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Heather Mast
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Audric Moses
- Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Precision Biolaboratories, St. Albert, AB T8N 5A7, Canada
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Università Vita-Salute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milano, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino PU, Italy
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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12
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Calnexin, More Than Just a Molecular Chaperone. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030403. [PMID: 36766745 PMCID: PMC9913998 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calnexin is a type I integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein with an N-terminal domain that resides in the lumen of the ER and a C-terminal domain that extends into the cytosol. Calnexin is commonly referred to as a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and quality control of membrane-associated and secreted proteins, a function that is attributed to its ER- localized domain with a structure that bears a strong resemblance to another luminal ER chaperone and Ca2+-binding protein known as calreticulin. Studies have discovered that the cytosolic C-terminal domain of calnexin undergoes distinct post-translational modifications and interacts with a variety of proteins. Here, we discuss recent findings and hypothesize that the post-translational modifications of the calnexin C-terminal domain and its interaction with specific cytosolic proteins play a role in coordinating ER functions with events taking place in the cytosol and other cellular compartments.
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13
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Nabeebaccus AA, Reumiller CM, Shen J, Zoccarato A, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The regulation of cardiac intermediary metabolism by NADPH oxidases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3305-3319. [PMID: 35325070 PMCID: PMC9847558 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), enzymes whose primary function is to generate reactive oxygen species, are important regulators of the heart's physiological function and response to pathological insults. The role of NOX-driven redox signalling in pathophysiological myocardial remodelling, including processes such as interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, cellular hypertrophy, and cell survival, is well recognized. While the NOX2 isoform promotes many detrimental effects, the NOX4 isoform has attracted considerable attention as a driver of adaptive stress responses both during pathology and under physiological states such as exercise. Recent studies have begun to define some of the NOX4-modulated mechanisms that may underlie these adaptive responses. In particular, novel functions of NOX4 in driving cellular metabolic changes have emerged. Alterations in cellular metabolism are a recognized hallmark of the heart's response to physiological and pathological stresses. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of cellular intermediary metabolism in the heart, linking stress responses not only to myocardial energetics but also other functions. The novel interplay of NOX-modulated redox signalling pathways and intermediary metabolism in the heart is unravelling a new aspect of the fascinating biology of these enzymes which will inform a better understanding of how they drive adaptive responses. We also discuss the implications of these new findings for therapeutic approaches that target metabolism in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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14
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Mitochondria-associated niches in health and disease. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:285141. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The appreciation of the importance of interorganelle contacts has steadily increased over the past decades. Advances in imaging, molecular biology and bioinformatic techniques allowed the discovery of new mechanisms involved in the interaction and communication between organelles, providing novel insights into the inner works of a cell. In this Review, with the mitochondria under the spotlight, we discuss the most recent findings on the mechanisms mediating the communication between organelles, focusing on Ca2+ signaling, lipid exchange, cell death and stress responses. Notably, we introduce a new integrative perspective to signaling networks that is regulated by interorganelle interactions – the mitochondria-associated niches – focusing on the link between the molecular determinants of contact sites and their functional outputs, rather than simply physical and structural communication. In addition, we highlight the neuropathological and metabolic implications of alterations in mitochondria-associated niches and outline how this concept might improve our understanding of multi-organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 4 , Novato, CA 94945 , USA
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15
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Sarango G, Richetta C, Pereira M, Kumari A, Ghosh M, Bertrand L, Pionneau C, Le Gall M, Grégoire S, Jeger‐Madiot R, Rosoy E, Subra F, Delelis O, Faure M, Esclatine A, Graff‐Dubois S, Stevanović S, Manoury B, Ramirez BC, Moris A. The Autophagy Receptor TAX1BP1 (T6BP) improves antigen presentation by MHC-II molecules. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55470. [PMID: 36215666 PMCID: PMC9724678 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play a major role in the establishment and maintenance of immunity. They are activated by antigenic peptides derived from extracellular or newly synthesized (endogenous) proteins presented by the MHC-II molecules. The pathways leading to endogenous MHC-II presentation remain poorly characterized. We demonstrate here that the autophagy receptor, T6BP, influences both autophagy-dependent and -independent endogenous presentation of HIV- and HCMV-derived peptides. By studying the immunopeptidome of MHC-II molecules, we show that T6BP affects both the quantity and quality of peptides presented. T6BP silencing induces the mislocalization of the MHC-II-loading compartments and rapid degradation of the invariant chain (CD74) without altering the expression and internalization kinetics of MHC-II molecules. Defining the interactome of T6BP, we identify calnexin as a T6BP partner. We show that the calnexin cytosolic tail is required for this interaction. Remarkably, calnexin silencing replicates the functional consequences of T6BP silencing: decreased CD4+ T cell activation and exacerbated CD74 degradation. Altogether, we unravel T6BP as a key player of the MHC-II-restricted endogenous presentation pathway, and we propose one potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sarango
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Mathias Pereira
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Anita Kumari
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Lisa Bertrand
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, UMS Production et Analyse de Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post‐génomique de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- 3P5 proteom'IC facilityUniversité de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS‐UMR 8104ParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Grégoire
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Raphaël Jeger‐Madiot
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,Present address:
Sorbonne Université, INSERM U959, Immunology‐Immunopathology‐Immunotherapy (i3)ParisFrance
| | - Elina Rosoy
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Subra
- LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Olivier Delelis
- LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonLyonFrance,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Stéphanie Graff‐Dubois
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,Present address:
Sorbonne Université, INSERM U959, Immunology‐Immunopathology‐Immunotherapy (i3)ParisFrance
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253, Faculté de médecine NeckerUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Bertha Cecilia Ramirez
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
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17
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SYNJ2BP Improves the Production of Lentiviral Envelope Protein by Facilitating the Formation of Mitochondrion-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane. J Virol 2022; 96:e0054922. [PMID: 36197105 PMCID: PMC9599250 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00549-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and HIV are both members of the Lentivirus genus and are similar in major virological characters. EIAV endangers the horse industry. In addition, EIAV can also be used as a model for HIV research. The maturation of the lentiviral Env protein, which is necessary for viral entry, requires Env to be folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is currently unclear how this process is regulated. Mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is a specialized part of the close connection between the ER and mitochondria, and one of the main functions of MAM is to promote oxidative protein production in the ER. SYNJ2BP is one of the key proteins that make up the MAM, and we found that SYNJ2BP is essential for EIAV replication. We therefore constructed a SYNJ2BP knockout HEK293T cell line in which the number of MAMs is significantly reduced. Moreover, overexpression of SYNJ2BP could increase the number of MAMs. Our study demonstrates that SYNJ2BP can improve the infectivity of the EIAV virus with elevated production of the viral Env protein through increased MAM formation. Interestingly, SYNJ2BP was able to improve the production of not only EIAV Env but also HIV. Further investigation showed that MAMs can provide more ATP and calcium ions, which are essential factors for Env production, to the ER and can also reduce ER stress induced by HIV or EIAV Envs to increase the Env production level in cells. These results may help us to understand the key production mechanisms of lentiviral Env. IMPORTANCE Lentiviral Env proteins, which are rich in disulfide bonds, need to be fully folded in the ER; otherwise, misfolded Env proteins will induce ER stress and be degraded by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). To date, it is still unclear about Env production mechanism in the ER. MAM is the structure of closely connection between the ER and mitochondria. MAMs play important roles in the calcium steady state and oxidative stress, especially in the production of oxidative protein. For the first time, we found that SYNJ2BP can promote the production of lentiviral Env proteins by providing the ATP and calcium ions required for oxidative protein production in the ER and by reducing ER stress through facilitating formation of MAMs. These studies shed light on how MAMs improve lentiviral Env production, which will lay the foundation for the study of replication mechanisms in other lentiviruses from the perspective of the cellular organelle microenvironment.
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18
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Zang RX, Mumby MJ, Dikeakos JD. The Phosphofurin Acidic Cluster Sorting Protein 2 (PACS-2) E209K Mutation Responsible for PACS-2 Syndrome Increases Susceptibility to Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34378-34388. [PMID: 36188273 PMCID: PMC9520720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) is a multifunctional cytosolic membrane trafficking protein with distinct roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recent clinical reports have described 28 individuals possessing a de novo PACS-2 E209K mutation that present with epileptic seizures and cerebellar dysgenesis. As the PACS-2 E209K missense mutation has become a marker for neurodevelopmental disorders, we sought to characterize its biochemical properties. Accordingly, we observed that the PACS-2 E209K protein exhibited a slower turnover rate relative to PACS-2 wild type (WT) upon cycloheximide treatment in 293T cells. The longer half-life of PACS-2 E209K suggests a disruption in its proteostasis, with the potential for altered protein-protein interactions. Indeed, a regulatory protein in neurodevelopment known as 14-3-3ε was identified as having an increased association with PACS-2 E209K. Subsequently, when comparing the effect of PACS-2 WT and E209K expression on the staurosporine-induced apoptosis response, we found that PACS-2 E209K increased susceptibility to staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HCT 116 cells. Overall, our findings suggest PACS-2 E209K alters PACS-2 proteostasis and favors complex formation with 14-3-3ε, leading to increased cell death in the presence of environmental stressors.
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19
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Yang Q, Kelkar A, Sriram A, Hombu R, Hughes TA, Neelamegham S. Role for N-glycans and calnexin-calreticulin chaperones in SARS-CoV-2 Spike maturation and viral infectivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8678. [PMID: 36149962 PMCID: PMC9506717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional and epidemiological data suggest that N-linked glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein may contribute to viral infectivity. To investigate this, we created a panel of N-to-Q mutations at N-glycosylation sites proximal to the Spike S1-S2 (N61, N603, N657, and N616) and S2' (N603 and N801) proteolysis sites. Some of these mutations, particularly N61Q and N801Q, reduced Spike incorporation into Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs). These mutations also reduced pseudovirus and VLP entry into ACE2-expressing cells by 80 to 90%. In contrast, glycan mutations had a relatively minor effect on cell surface expression of Spike, ACE2 binding, and syncytia formation. A similar dichotomy in function was observed when virus was produced in host cells lacking ER chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin. Here, while both chaperones regulated pseudovirus function, only VLPs produced in calnexin KOs were less infectious. Overall, Spike N-glycans are likely critical for SARS-CoV-2 function and could serve as drug targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Anju Kelkar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Anirudh Sriram
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ryoma Hombu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Thomas A. Hughes
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering Center, Buffalo 14260, NY, USA
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20
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The Adhesion GPCR VLGR1/ADGRV1 Regulates the Ca2+ Homeostasis at Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182790. [PMID: 36139365 PMCID: PMC9496679 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The very large G protein-coupled receptor (VLGR1, ADGRV1) is the largest member of the adhesion GPCR family. Mutations in VLGR1 have been associated with the human Usher syndrome (USH), the most common form of inherited deaf-blindness as well as childhood absence epilepsy. VLGR1 was previously found as membrane–membrane adhesion complexes and focal adhesions. Affinity proteomics revealed that in the interactome of VLGR1, molecules are enriched that are associated with both the ER and mitochondria, as well as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), a compartment at the contact sites of both organelles. We confirmed the interaction of VLGR1 with key proteins of MAMs by pull-down assays in vitro complemented by in situ proximity ligation assays in cells. Immunocytochemistry by light and electron microscopy demonstrated the localization of VLGR1 in MAMs. The absence of VLGR1 in tissues and cells derived from VLGR1-deficient mouse models resulted in alterations in the MAM architecture and in the dysregulation of the Ca2+ transient from ER to mitochondria. Our data demonstrate the molecular and functional interaction of VLGR1 with components in MAMs and point to an essential role of VLGR1 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, one of the key functions of MAMs.
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21
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Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj R, Saini A, Dhawan DK, Kaur T. Impact of Calcium Influx on Endoplasmic Reticulum in Excitotoxic Neurons: Role of Chemical Chaperone 4-PBA. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1619-1635. [PMID: 36002608 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propoinic acid (AMPA) receptors instigates excitotoxicity via enhanced calcium influx in the neurons thus inciting deleterious consequences. Additionally, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is pivotal in maintaining the intracellular calcium balance. Considering this, studying the aftermath of enhanced calcium uptake by neurons and its effect on ER environment can assist in delineating the pathophysiological events incurred by excitotoxicty. The current study was premeditated to decipher the role of ER pertaining to calcium homeostasis in AMPA-induced excitotoxicity. The findings showed, increased intracellular calcium levels (measured by flowcytometry and spectroflourimeter using Fura 2AM) in AMPA excitotoxic animals (male Sprague dawely rats) (intra-hippocampal injection of 10 mM AMPA). Further, ER resident proteins like calnexin, PDI and ERp72 were found to be upregulated, which further modulated the functioning of ER membrane calcium channels viz. IP3R, RyR, and SERCA pump. Altered calcium homeostasis further led to ER stress and deranged the protein folding capacity of ER post AMPA toxicity, which was ascertained by unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway markers such as IRE1α, eIF2α, and ATF6α. Chemical chaperone, 4-phenybutric acid (4-PBA), ameliorated the protein folding capacity and subsequent UPR markers. In addition, modulation of calcium channels and calcium regulating machinery of ER post 4-PBA administration restored the calcium homeostasis. Therefore the study reinforces the significance of ER stress, a debilitating outcome of impaired calcium homeostasis, under AMPA-induced excitotoxicity. Also, employing chaperone-based therapeutic approach to curb ER stress can restore the calcium imbalance in the neuropathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Morgado-Cáceres P, Liabeuf G, Calle X, Briones L, Riquelme JA, Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V. The aging of ER-mitochondria communication: A journey from undifferentiated to aged cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946678. [PMID: 36060801 PMCID: PMC9437272 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells requires that a variety of subcellular organelles perform unique tasks, even though they form highly dynamic communication networks. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, their functional coupling relies on the physical interaction between their membranes, mediated by domains known as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs act as shuttles for calcium and lipid transfer between organelles, and for the nucleation of other subcellular processes. Of note, mounting evidence shows that they are heterogeneous structures, which display divergent behaviors depending on the cell type. Furthermore, MERCs are plastic structures that remodel according to intra- and extracellular cues, thereby adjusting the function of both organelles to the cellular needs. In consonance with this notion, the malfunction of MERCs reportedly contributes to the development of several age-related disorders. Here, we integrate current literature to describe how MERCs change, starting from undifferentiated cells, and their transit through specialization, malignant transformation (i.e., dedifferentiation), and aging/senescence. Along this journey, we will review the function of MERCs and their relevance for pivotal cell types, such as stem and cancer cells, cardiac, skeletal, and smooth myocytes, neurons, leukocytes, and hepatocytes, which intervene in the progression of chronic diseases related to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morgado-Cáceres
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lautaro Briones
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento Saludable, Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
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Kim S, Coukos R, Gao F, Krainc D. Dysregulation of organelle membrane contact sites in neurological diseases. Neuron 2022; 110:2386-2408. [PMID: 35561676 PMCID: PMC9357093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The defining evolutionary feature of eukaryotic cells is the emergence of membrane-bound organelles. Compartmentalization allows each organelle to maintain a spatially, physically, and chemically distinct environment, which greatly bolsters individual organelle function. However, the activities of each organelle must be balanced and are interdependent for cellular homeostasis. Therefore, properly regulated interactions between organelles, either physically or functionally, remain critical for overall cellular health and behavior. In particular, neuronal homeostasis depends heavily on the proper regulation of organelle function and cross talk, and deficits in these functions are frequently associated with diseases. In this review, we examine the emerging role of organelle contacts in neurological diseases and discuss how the disruption of contacts contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and regulation of organelle contacts will broaden our knowledge of their role in health and disease, laying the groundwork for the development of new therapies targeting interorganelle cross talk and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Carreras-Sureda A, Kroemer G, Cardenas JC, Hetz C. Balancing energy and protein homeostasis at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm7524. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm7524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle of the cell and participates in multiple essential functions, including the production of secretory proteins, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage. Sustaining proteostasis requires an intimate coupling with energy production. Mitochondrial respiration evolved to be functionally connected to ER physiology through a physical interface between both organelles known as mitochondria-associated membranes. This quasi-synaptic structure acts as a signaling hub that tunes the function of both organelles in a bidirectional manner and controls proteostasis, cell death pathways, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, we discuss the main signaling mechanisms governing interorganellar communication and their putative role in diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julio Cesar Cardenas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Mayor University, 7510041 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago, Chile
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25
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Qian L, Mehrabi Nasab E, Athari SM, Athari SS. Mitochondria signaling pathways in allergic asthma. J Investig Med 2022; 70:863-882. [PMID: 35168999 PMCID: PMC9016245 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems, cellular differentiation, growth, death, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as hypoxic stress responses in various diseases. Asthma is a chronic complicated airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of airway. The asthma mortality and morbidity rates have increased worldwide, so understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma progression is necessary for new anti-asthma drug development. The lung is an oxygen-rich organ, and mitochondria, by sensing and processing O2, contribute to the generation of ROS and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Asthma pathophysiology has been tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP synthase activity, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Defects of the mitochondrial play an essential role in the pro-remodeling mechanisms of lung fibrosis and airway cells' apoptosis. Identification of mitochondrial therapeutic targets can help repair mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction and reverse related pathological changes and lung structural remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we here overviewed the relationship between mitochondrial signaling pathways and asthma pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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26
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Potential role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115011. [PMID: 35314166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic membrane coupling regions formed by the coupling of the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MAMs are involved in the mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, Ca2+ exchange, and ER stress. A large number of studies indicate that many proteins are involved in the formation of MAMs, including dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1), DJ-1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK), α-synuclein (α-syn), sigma-1 receptor (S1R), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), presenilin-1 (PS1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), Parkin, Cyclophilin D (CypD), glucose-related protein 75 (Grp75), FUN14 domain containing 1 (Fundc1), vesicle-associated membrane-protein-associated protein B (VAPB), phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1), and receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 (REEP1). These proteins play an important role in the structure and functions of the MAMs. Abnormalities in these MAM proteins further contribute to the occurrence and development of related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholicfattyliverdisease (NALFD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic kidney (DN). In this review, we introduce important proteins involved in the structure and the functions of the MAMs. Furthermore, we effectively summarize major insights about these proteins that are involved in the physiopathology of several diseases through the effect on MAMs.
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Homeostasis: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063025. [PMID: 35328444 PMCID: PMC8954803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes where the metabolites of sugars, fats, and amino acids are oxidized to harvest energy. Notably, mitochondria store Ca2+ and work in synergy with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix to control the dynamic balance of Ca2+ concentration in cells. Mitochondria are the vital organelles in heart tissue. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is particularly important for maintaining the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the heart. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, mechanisms of death, oxygen free radical production, and autophagy. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance is closely associated with cardiac remodeling. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) protein complex is responsible for the uptake and release of mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria and consequently, in cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling and the regulatory effects of the mitochondrial calcium regulatory complex on cardiac energy metabolism, cell death, and autophagy, and also provides the theoretical basis for mitochondrial Ca2+ as a novel target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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28
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Ramadan AA, Mayilsamy K, McGill AR, Ghosh A, Giulianotti MA, Donow HM, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S, Chandran B, Deschenes RJ, Roy A. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Palmitoylation Inhibitors That Results in Release of Attenuated Virus with Reduced Infectivity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030531. [PMID: 35336938 PMCID: PMC8950683 DOI: 10.3390/v14030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The spike proteins of enveloped viruses are transmembrane glycoproteins that typically undergo post-translational attachment of palmitate on cysteine residues on the cytoplasmic facing tail of the protein. The role of spike protein palmitoylation in virus biogenesis and infectivity is being actively studied as a potential target of novel antivirals. Here, we report that palmitoylation of the first five cysteine residues of the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein are indispensable for infection, and palmitoylation-deficient spike mutants are defective in membrane fusion. The DHHC9 palmitoyltransferase interacts with and palmitoylates the spike protein in the ER and Golgi and knockdown of DHHC9 results in reduced fusion and infection of SARS-CoV-2. Two bis-piperazine backbone-based DHHC9 inhibitors inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein palmitoylation and the resulting progeny virion particles released are defective in fusion and infection. This establishes these palmitoyltransferase inhibitors as potential new intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Ramadan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrew R. McGill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anandita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Marc A. Giulianotti
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.A.G.); (H.M.D.)
| | - Haley M. Donow
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.A.G.); (H.M.D.)
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bala Chandran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Robert J. Deschenes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.D.); (A.R.); Tel.: +1-(813)-974-6393 (R.J.D.); +1-(813)-974-5540 (A.R.)
| | - Arunava Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.A.R.); (K.M.); (A.R.M.); (A.G.); (S.S.M.); (S.M.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.D.); (A.R.); Tel.: +1-(813)-974-6393 (R.J.D.); +1-(813)-974-5540 (A.R.)
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Preston CC, Stoddard AC, Faustino RS. A Transient Mystery: Nucleolar Channel Systems. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:581-593. [PMID: 36348122 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is a complex organelle with functions beyond being a simple repository for genomic material. For example, its actions in biomechanical sensing, protein synthesis, and epigenomic regulation showcase how the nucleus integrates multiple signaling modalities to intricately regulate gene expression. This innate dynamism is underscored by subnuclear components that facilitate these roles, with elements of the nucleoskeleton, phase-separated nuclear bodies, and chromatin safeguarding by nuclear envelope proteins providing examples of this functional diversity. Among these, one of the lesser characterized nuclear organelles is the nucleolar channel system (NCS), first reported several decades ago in human endometrial biopsies. This tubular structure, believed to be derived from the inner nuclear membrane of the nuclear envelope, was first observed in secretory endometrial cells during a specific phase of the menstrual cycle. Reported as a consistent, yet transient, nuclear organelle, current interpretations of existing data suggest that it serves as a marker of a window for optimal implantation. In spite of this available data, the NCS remains incompletely characterized structurally and functionally, due in part to its transient spatial and temporal expression. As a further complication, evidence exists showing NCS expression in fetal tissue, suggesting that it may not act exclusively as a marker of uterine receptivity, but rather as a hormone sensor sensitive to estrogen and progesterone ratios. To gain a better understanding of the NCS, current technologies can be applied to profile rare cell populations or capture transient structural dynamics, for example, at a level of sensitivity and resolution not previously possible. Moving forward, advanced characterization of the NCS will shed light on an uncharacterized aspect of reproductive physiology, with the potential to refine assisted reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Preston
- Biology Department, St. Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, MN, USA
| | | | - Randolph S Faustino
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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30
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Chen CC, Hsu LW, Chen KD, Chiu KW, Chen CL, Huang KT. Emerging Roles of Calcium Signaling in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010256. [PMID: 35008682 PMCID: PMC8745268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in energy metabolism. Dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism is a major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disorder closely linked to obesity and insulin resistance. NAFLD is rapidly emerging as a global health problem with currently no approved therapy. While early stages of NAFLD are often considered benign, the disease can progress to an advanced stage that involves chronic inflammation, with increased risk for developing end-stage disease including fibrosis and liver cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify potential pharmacological targets. Ca2+ is an essential signaling molecule involved in a myriad of cellular processes. Intracellular Ca2+ is intricately compartmentalized, and the Ca2+ flow is tightly controlled by a network of Ca2+ transport and buffering proteins. Impaired Ca2+ signaling is strongly associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic defects, all of which are etiological factors of NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances that underscore the critical role of dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis in lipid metabolic abnormalities and discuss the feasibility of targeting Ca2+ signaling as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8193)
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Role of ERLINs in the Control of Cell Fate through Lipid Rafts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092408. [PMID: 34572057 PMCID: PMC8470593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ER lipid raft-associated protein 1 (ERLIN1) and 2 (ERLIN2) are 40 kDa transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the family of prohibitins, containing a PHB domain. They are generally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where ERLIN1 forms a heteroligomeric complex with its closely related ERLIN2. Well-defined functions of ERLINS are promotion of ER-associated protein degradation, mediation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, processing and regulation of lipid metabolism. Until now, ERLINs have been exclusively considered protein markers of ER lipid raft-like microdomains. However, under pathophysiological conditions, they have been described within mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), tethering sites between ER and mitochondria, characterized by the presence of specialized raft-like subdomains enriched in cholesterol and gangliosides, which play a key role in the membrane scrambling and function. In this context, it is emerging that ER lipid raft-like microdomains proteins, i.e., ERLINs, may drive mitochondria-ER crosstalk under both physiological and pathological conditions by association with MAMs, regulating the two main processes underlined, survival and death. In this review, we describe the role of ERLINs in determining cell fate by controlling the “interchange” between apoptosis and autophagy pathways, considering that their alteration has a significant impact on the pathogenesis of several human diseases.
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Agellon LB, Michalak M. A View of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Through the Calreticulin Lens. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1-11. [PMID: 34050859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin is well known as an ER-resident protein that serves as the major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ binding protein. This protein has been the major topic of discussion in an international workshop that has been meeting for a quarter of a century. In sharing information about this protein, the field also witnessed remarkable insights into the importance of the ER as an organelle and the role of ER Ca2+ in coordinating ER and cellular functions. Recent technological advances have helped to uncover the contributions of calreticulin in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER and to unravel its involvement in a multitude of cellular processes as highlighted in this collection of articles. The continuing revelations of unexpected involvement of calreticulin and Ca2+ in many critical aspects of cellular function promises to further improve insights into the significance of this protein in the promotion of physiology as well as prevention of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Isolation of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes (MAMs), Synaptic MAMs, and Glycosphingolipid Enriched Microdomains (GEMs) from Brain Tissues and Neuronal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34080162 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular fractionation is a valuable procedure in cell biology to separate and purify various subcellular constituents from one another, i.e., nucleus, cytosol, membranes/organelles, and cytoskeleton. The procedure relies on the use of differential centrifugation of cell and tissue homogenates. Fractionated subcellular organelles may be subjected to additional purification steps that enable the isolation of specific cellular sub-compartments, including interorganellar membrane contact sites. Here we outline a protocol tailored to the isolation of mitochondria, mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains (GEMs) from the adult mouse brain, primary neurospheres, and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We also provide a detailed protocol for the purification of synaptosomes and their corresponding MAMs .
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35
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Quistgaard EM. BAP31: Physiological functions and roles in disease. Biochimie 2021; 186:105-129. [PMID: 33930507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31 or BCAP31) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein found mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). It acts as a broad-specificity membrane protein chaperone and quality control factor, which can promote different fates for its clients, including ER retention, ER export, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), or evasion of degradation, and it also acts as a MAM tetherer and regulatory protein. It is involved in several cellular processes - it supports ER and mitochondrial homeostasis, promotes proliferation and migration, plays several roles in metabolism and the immune system, and regulates autophagy and apoptosis. Full-length BAP31 can be anti-apoptotic, but can also mediate activation of caspase-8, and itself be cleaved by caspase-8 into p20-BAP31, which promotes apoptosis by mobilizing ER calcium stores at MAMs. BAP31 loss-of-function mutations is the cause of 'deafness, dystonia, and central hypomyelination' (DDCH) syndrome, characterized by severe neurological symptoms and early death. BAP31 is furthermore implicated in a growing number of cancers and other diseases, and several viruses have been found to target it to promote their survival or life cycle progression. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and examination of the basic properties, functions, mechanisms, and roles in disease of BAP31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben M Quistgaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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36
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Amodio G, Pagliara V, Moltedo O, Remondelli P. Structural and Functional Significance of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response Transducers and Chaperones at the Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Cancer Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641194. [PMID: 33842465 PMCID: PMC8033034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a key coordinator of cellular homeostasis, thanks to its physical interconnection to almost all intracellular organelles. In particular, an intense and mutual crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria occurs at the mitochondria–ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs ensure a fine-tuned regulation of fundamental cellular processes, involving cell fate decision, mitochondria dynamics, metabolism, and proteostasis, which plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and therapeutic response of cancer cells. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that different components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery, including PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones, localize at MERCs. These proteins appear to exhibit multifaceted roles that expand beyond protein folding and UPR transduction and are often related to the control of calcium fluxes to the mitochondria, thus acquiring relevance to cell survival and death. In this review, we highlight the novel functions played by PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones at MERCs focusing on their impact on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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Giamogante F, Poggio E, Barazzuol L, Covallero A, Calì T. Apoptotic signals at the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interface. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:307-343. [PMID: 34090618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis involves the participation of multiple organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Specifically, ER plays a key role in calcium (Ca2+) storage, lipid synthesis, protein folding, and assembly, while mitochondria are the "energy factories" and provide energy to drive intracellular processes. Hence, alteration in ER or mitochondrial homeostasis has detrimental effects on cell survival, being linked to the triggering of apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death. Besides, ER stress conditions affect mitochondria functionality and vice-versa, as ER and mitochondria communicate via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) to carry out a number of fundamental cellular functions. It is not surprising, thus, that also MAMs perturbations are involved in the regulation of apoptosis. This chapter intends to accurately discuss the involvement of MAMs in apoptosis, highlighting their crucial role in controlling this delicate cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Covallero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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38
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Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs): Architecture and physiopathological role. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102343. [PMID: 33418313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the communication between the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria has obtained great attention: mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which represent the contact sites between the two organelles, have indeed emerged as central hub involved in different fundamental cell processes, such as calcium signalling, apoptosis, autophagy and lipid biosynthesis. Consistently, dysregulation of ER-mitochondria crosstalk has been associated with different pathological conditions, ranging from diabetes to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will try to summarize the current knowledge on MAMs' structure and functions in health and their relevance for human diseases.
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Doğan C, Hänniger S, Heckel DG, Coutu C, Hegedus DD, Crubaugh L, Groves RL, Bayram Ş, Toprak U. Two calcium-binding chaperones from the fat body of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) involved in diapause. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21755. [PMID: 33118236 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are crucial for the correct folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, in particular, under stress conditions. Various studies have revealed the involvement of molecular chaperones, such as heat shock proteins, in diapause maintenance and starvation; however, the role of other chaperones in diapause and starvation relatively is unknown. In the current study, we identified two lectin-type chaperones with calcium affinity, a calreticulin (LdCrT) and a calnexin (LdCnX), that were present in the fat body of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) during diapause. Both proteins possessed an N-globular domain, a P-arm domain, and a highly charged C-terminal domain, while an additional transmembrane domain was present in LdCnX. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinction at the order level. Both genes were expressed in multiple tissues in larval and adult stages, and constitutively throughout development, though a starvation response was detected only for LdCrT. In females, diapause-related expression analysis in the whole body revealed an upregulation of both genes by post-diapause, but a downregulation by diapause only for LdCrT. By contrast, males revealed no alteration in their diapause-related expression pattern in the entire body for both genes. Fat body-specific expression analysis of both genes in relation to diapause revealed the same expression pattern with no alteration in females and downregulation in males by post-diapause. This study suggests that calcium-binding chaperones play similar and possibly gender-specific roles during diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Linda Crubaugh
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Russell L Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Şerife Bayram
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones in Protein Folding and Quality Control. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:27-50. [PMID: 34050861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones assist the folding of nascent chains in the cell. Chaperones also aid in quality control decisions as persistent chaperone binding can help to sort terminal misfolded proteins for degradation. There are two major molecular chaperone families in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that assist proteins in reaching their native structure and evaluating the fidelity of the maturation process. The ER Hsp70 chaperone, BiP, supports adenine nucleotide-regulated binding to non-native proteins that possess exposed hydrophobic regions. In contrast, the carbohydrate-dependent chaperone system involving the membrane protein calnexin and its soluble paralogue calreticulin recognize a specific glycoform of an exposed hydrophilic protein modification for which the composition is controlled by a series of glycosidases and transferases. Here, we compare and contrast the properties, mechanisms of action and functions of these different chaperones systems that work in parallel, as well as together, to assist a large variety of substrates that traverse the eukaryotic secretory pathway.
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Bassot A, Chen J, Simmen T. Post-Translational Modification of Cysteines: A Key Determinant of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts (MERCs). CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211001213. [PMID: 37366382 PMCID: PMC10243593 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells must adjust their redox state to an ever-changing environment that could otherwise result in compromised homeostasis. An obvious way to adapt to changing redox conditions depends on cysteine post-translational modifications (PTMs) to adapt conformation, localization, interactions and catalytic activation of proteins. Such PTMs should occur preferentially in the proximity of oxidative stress sources. A particular concentration of these sources is found near membranes where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria interact on domains called MERCs (Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts). Here, fine inter-organelle communication controls metabolic homeostasis. MERCs achieve this goal through fluxes of Ca2+ ions and inter-organellar lipid exchange. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause PTMs of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) proteins determine these intertwined MERC functions. Chronic changes of the pattern of these PTMs not only control physiological processes such as the circadian clock but could also lead to or worsen many human disorders such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Simmen
- Thomas Simmen, Department of Cell
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7.
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42
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Sun Y, Ding S. ER-Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249587. [PMID: 33339212 PMCID: PMC7765572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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43
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Critical hubs of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering complexes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2599-2609. [PMID: 32960842 PMCID: PMC7722596 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered to be the key mechanisms of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that form close physical contact with a specific domain of the ER, known as mitochondrial-associated membranes. The close physical contact between them is mainly restrained by ER-mitochondria tethering complexes, which can play an important role in mitochondrial damage, ER stress, lipid homeostasis, and cell death. Several ER-mitochondria tethering complex components are involved in the process of renal I/R injury. A better understanding of the physical and functional interaction between ER and mitochondria is helpful to further clarify the mechanism of renal I/R injury and provide potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to describe the structure of the tethering complex and elucidate its pivotal role in renal I/R injury by summarizing its role in many important mechanisms, such as mitophagy, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, apoptosis and necrosis, ER stress, mitochondrial substance transport, and lipid metabolism.
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Paskevicius T, Jung J, Pujol M, Eggleton P, Qin W, Robinson A, Gutowski N, Holley J, Smallwood M, Newcombe J, Zochodne D, Chen XZ, Tang J, Kraus A, Michalak M, Agellon LB. The Fabp5/calnexin complex is a prerequisite for sensitization of mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 2020; 34:16662-16675. [PMID: 33124722 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001539rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that calnexin (Canx)-deficient mice are desensitized to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction, a model that is frequently used to study inflammatory demyelinating diseases, due to increased resistance of the blood-brain barrier to immune cell transmigration. We also discovered that Fabp5, an abundant cytoplasmic lipid-binding protein found in brain endothelial cells, makes protein-protein contact with the cytoplasmic C-tail domain of Canx. Remarkably, both Canx-deficient and Fabp5-deficient mice commonly manifest resistance to EAE induction. Here, we evaluated the importance of Fabp5/Canx interactions on EAE pathogenesis and on the patency of a model blood-brain barrier to T-cell transcellular migration. The results demonstrate that formation of a complex comprised of Fabp5 and the C-tail domain of Canx dictates the permeability of the model blood-brain barrier to immune cells and is also a prerequisite for EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Wenying Qin
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alison Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nick Gutowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Holley
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Miranda Smallwood
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Zochodne
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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45
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Yang S, Zhou R, Zhang C, He S, Su Z. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571554. [PMID: 33195204 PMCID: PMC7606698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are essential intracellular organelles that actively communicate via temporally and spatially formed contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These mitochondria-ER contacts are not only necessary for the physiological function of the organelles and their coordination with each other, but they also control the intracellular lipid exchange, calcium signaling, cell survival, and homeostasis in cellular metabolism. Growing evidence strongly supports the role of the mitochondria-ER connection in the insulin resistance of peripheral tissues, pancreatic β cell dysfunction, and the consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we summarize current advances in the understanding of the mitochondria-ER connection and specifically focus on addressing a new perspective of the alterations in mitochondria-ER communication in insulin signaling and β cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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46
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Li C, Li L, Yang M, Zeng L, Sun L. PACS-2: A key regulator of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Vecellio Reane D, Rizzuto R, Raffaello A. The ER-mitochondria tether at the hub of Ca2+ signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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48
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Vascon F, Gasparotto M, Giacomello M, Cendron L, Bergantino E, Filippini F, Righetto I. Protein electrostatics: From computational and structural analysis to discovery of functional fingerprints and biotechnological design. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1774-1789. [PMID: 32695270 PMCID: PMC7355722 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Computationally driven engineering of proteins aims to allow them to withstand an extended range of conditions and to mediate modified or novel functions. Therefore, it is crucial to the biotechnological industry, to biomedicine and to afford new challenges in environmental sciences, such as biocatalysis for green chemistry and bioremediation. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying proteins stability and modulating their interactions. So far, much attention has been given to hydrophobic and polar packing interactions and stability of the protein core. In contrast, the role of electrostatics and, in particular, of surface interactions has received less attention. However, electrostatics plays a pivotal role along the whole life cycle of a protein, since early folding steps to maturation, and it is involved in the regulation of protein localization and interactions with other cellular or artificial molecules. Short- and long-range electrostatic interactions, together with other forces, provide essential guidance cues in molecular and macromolecular assembly. We report here on methods for computing protein electrostatics and for individual or comparative analysis able to sort proteins by electrostatic similarity. Then, we provide examples of electrostatic analysis and fingerprints in natural protein evolution and in biotechnological design, in fields as diverse as biocatalysis, antibody and nanobody engineering, drug design and delivery, molecular virology, nanotechnology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vascon
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Bioenergetic Organelles Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cendron
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Irene Righetto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
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49
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Gutiérrez T, Qi H, Yap MC, Tahbaz N, Milburn LA, Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Zaugg M, LaPointe PG, Mercier P, Overduin M, Bischof H, Burgstaller S, Malli R, Ballanyi K, Shuai J, Simmen T. The ER chaperone calnexin controls mitochondrial positioning and respiration. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/638/eaax6660. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) control the flux of Ca2+ ions into mitochondria, thereby increasing or decreasing the energetic output of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. An example is the abundant ER lectin calnexin, which interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). We found that calnexin stimulated the ATPase activity of SERCA by maintaining its redox state. This function enabled calnexin to control how much ER Ca2+ was available for mitochondria, a key determinant for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Calnexin-deficient cells compensated for the loss of this function by partially shifting energy generation to the glycolytic pathway. These cells also showed closer apposition between the ER and mitochondria. Calnexin therefore controls the cellular energy balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Megan C. Yap
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Nasser Tahbaz
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Leanne A. Milburn
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul G. LaPointe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pascal Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry and National Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (Nanuc), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry and National Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (Nanuc), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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50
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Diaz-Vegas A, Sanchez-Aguilera P, Krycer JR, Morales PE, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Cifuentes M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction a Common Root of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases? Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5807952. [PMID: 32179913 PMCID: PMC7255501 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular and whole-organism homeostasis, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of this phenomenon in noncommunicable chronic diseases. We also review the state of the art regarding the preclinical evidence associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function and the development of current mitochondria-targeted therapeutics to treat noncommunicable chronic diseases. Finally, we give an integrated vision of how mitochondrial damage is implicated in these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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