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Duranova H, Kuzelova L, Borotova P, Simora V, Fialkova V. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells as a Versatile Cellular Model System in Diverse Experimental Paradigms: An Ultrastructural Perspective. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:419-439. [PMID: 38817111 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are primary cells isolated from the vein of an umbilical cord, extensively used in cardiovascular studies and medical research. These cells, retaining the characteristics of endothelial cells in vivo, serve as a valuable cellular model system for understanding vascular biology, endothelial dysfunction, pathophysiology of diseases such as atherosclerosis, and responses to different drugs or treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a cornerstone in revealing the detailed architecture of multiple cellular model systems including HUVECs, allowing researchers to visualize subcellular organelles, membrane structures, and cytoskeletal elements. Among them, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus can be meticulously examined to recognize alterations indicative of cellular responses to various stimuli. Importantly, Weibel-Palade bodies are characteristic secretory organelles found in HUVECs, which can be easily distinguished in the TEM. These distinctive structures also dynamically react to different factors through regulated exocytosis, resulting in complete or selective release of their contents. This detailed review summarizes the ultrastructural features of HUVECs and highlights the utility of TEM as a pivotal tool for analyzing HUVECs in diverse research frameworks, contributing valuable insights into the comprehension of HUVEC behavior and enriching our knowledge into the complexity of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Kuzelova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Borotova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Simora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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2
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Wakasugi R, Suzuki K, Kaneko-Kawano T. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6415. [PMID: 38928121 PMCID: PMC11203514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form a monolayer in the vascular lumen and act as a selective barrier to control the permeability between blood and tissues. To maintain homeostasis, the endothelial barrier function must be strictly integrated. During acute inflammation, vascular permeability temporarily increases, allowing intravascular fluid, cells, and other components to permeate tissues. Moreover, it has been suggested that the dysregulation of endothelial cell permeability may cause several diseases, including edema, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells regulate the barrier function and physiological permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (R.W.); (K.S.)
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3
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Zhu J, Wang L. The Role of lncRNA-miR-26a-mRNA Network in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1443-1461. [PMID: 37730965 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-coding RNAs in regulating biological processes associated with cancer progression, such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, has been extensively studied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in regulating these processes through various mechanisms, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications. In post-transcriptional regulation, lncRNAs can bind to specific miRNAs and affect their function, which can either promote or inhibit cancer development. The interaction between lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs forms a network known as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which is involved in cancer progression or inhibition. One specific miRNA called miR-26a-5p has been identified as having tumor-suppressive properties. However, when lncRNAs bind to and inhibit miR-26a-5p, it can lead to cancer progression. Therefore, targeting this ceRNA network could be a promising strategy for preventing cancer development. This review will first discuss the anticancer effects of miR-26a-5p and then explore the involvement of the lncRNA-miR26a-5p-mRNA axis in cancer progression and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Daye People's Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pengren Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China
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4
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Petitjean II, Tran QD, Goutou A, Kabir Z, Wiche G, Leduc C, Koenderink GH. Reconstitution of cytolinker-mediated crosstalk between actin and vimentin. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151403. [PMID: 38503131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell shape and motility are determined by the cytoskeleton, an interpenetrating network of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The biophysical properties of each filament type individually have been studied extensively by cell-free reconstitution. By contrast, the interactions between the three cytoskeletal networks are relatively unexplored. They are coupled via crosslinkers of the plakin family such as plectin. These are challenging proteins for reconstitution because of their giant size and multidomain structure. Here we engineer a recombinant actin-vimentin crosslinker protein called 'ACTIF' that provides a minimal model system for plectin, recapitulating its modular design with actin-binding and intermediate filament-binding domains separated by a coiled-coil linker for dimerisation. We show by fluorescence and electron microscopy that ACTIF has a high binding affinity for vimentin and actin and creates mixed actin-vimentin bundles. Rheology measurements show that ACTIF-mediated crosslinking strongly stiffens actin-vimentin composites. Finally, we demonstrate the modularity of this approach by creating an ACTIF variant with the intermediate filament binding domain of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli. Our protein engineering approach provides a new cell-free system for the biophysical characterization of intermediate filament-binding crosslinkers and for understanding the mechanical synergy between actin and vimentin in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Quang D Tran
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Angeliki Goutou
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zima Kabir
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Leduc
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France.
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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5
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Troyanovsky RB, Indra I, Troyanovsky SM. Characterization of early and late events of adherens junction assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583373. [PMID: 38496678 PMCID: PMC10942379 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane adhesion receptors. Cadherin ectodomains form adhesive 2D clusters through cooperative trans and cis interactions, whereas its intracellular region interacts with specific cytosolic proteins, termed catenins, to anchor the cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) to the actin cytoskeleton. How these two types of interactions are coordinated in the formation of specialized cell-cell adhesions, adherens junctions (AJ), remains unclear. We focus here on the role of the actin-binding domain of α-catenin (αABD) by showing that the interaction of αABD with actin generates actin-bound CCC oligomers (CCC/actin strands) incorporating up to six CCCs. The strands are primarily formed on the actin-rich cell protrusions. Once in cell-cell interface, the strands become involved in cadherin ectodomain clustering. Such combination of the extracellular and intracellular oligomerizations gives rise to the composite oligomers, trans CCC/actin clusters. To mature, these clusters then rearrange their actin filaments using several redundant pathways, two of which are characterized here: one depends on the α-catenin-associated protein, vinculin and the second one depends on the unstructured C-terminus of αABD. Thus, AJ assembly proceeds through spontaneous formation of trans CCC/actin clusters and their successive reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina B Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Indrajyoti Indra
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614
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Zhang H, Rahman T, Lu S, Adam AP, Wan LQ. Helical vasculogenesis driven by cell chirality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj3582. [PMID: 38381835 PMCID: PMC10881055 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The cellular helical structure is well known for its crucial role in development and disease. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism governing this phenomenon remains largely unexplored, particularly in recapitulating it in well-controlled engineering systems. Leveraging advanced microfluidics, we present compelling evidence of the spontaneous emergence of helical endothelial tubes exhibiting robust right-handedness governed by inherent cell chirality. To strengthen our findings, we identify a consistent bias toward the same chirality in mouse vascular tissues. Manipulating endothelial cell chirality using small-molecule drugs produces a dose-dependent reversal of the handedness in engineered vessels, accompanied by non-monotonic changes in vascular permeability. Moreover, our three-dimensional cell vertex model provides biomechanical insights into the chiral morphogenesis process, highlighting the role of cellular torque and tissue fluidity in its regulation. Our study unravels an intriguing mechanism underlying vascular chiral morphogenesis, shedding light on the broader implications and distinctive perspectives of tubulogenesis within biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Tasnif Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Shuhan Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alejandro Pablo Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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7
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Kumar R, Rottner K, Rao GN. Requirement of Site-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cortactin in Retinal Neovascularization and Vascular Leakage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:366-390. [PMID: 38126170 PMCID: PMC10872470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers the development of abnormal and leaky blood vessels. METHODS A variety of cellular and molecular approaches as well as tissue-specific knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Cttn (cortactin) in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. RESULTS We found that VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulates Cttn phosphorylation at Y421, Y453, and Y470 residues in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we observed that while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 inhibited VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events, suppression of Y421 phosphorylation protected endothelial barrier integrity from disruption by VEGFA. In line with these observations, while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 negated oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization, interference with Y421 phosphorylation prevented VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, while phosphorylation at Y470 was required for its interaction with Arp2/3 and CDC6 facilitating actin polymerization and DNA synthesis, respectively, Cttn phosphorylation at Y421 leads to its dissociation from VE-cadherin, resulting in adherens junction disruption. Furthermore, whereas Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 residue was dependent on Lyn, its phosphorylation at Y421 residue required Syk activation. Accordingly, lentivirus-mediated expression of shRNA targeting Lyn or Syk levels inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The above observations show for the first time that phosphorylation of Cttn is involved in a site-specific manner in the regulation of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. In view of these findings, Cttn could be a novel target for the development of therapeutics against vascular diseases such as retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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8
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Villagomez FR, Lang J, Webb P, Neville M, Woodruff ER, Bitler BG. Claudin-4 modulates autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a tolerance mechanism for genomic instability in ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576263. [PMID: 38293054 PMCID: PMC10827183 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Genome instability is key for tumor heterogeneity and derives from defects in cell division and DNA damage repair. Tumors show tolerance for this characteristic, but its accumulation is regulated somehow to avoid catastrophic chromosomal alterations and cell death. Claudin-4 is upregulated and closely associated with genome instability and worse patient outcome in ovarian cancer. This protein is commonly described as a junctional protein participating in processes such as cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, its biological association with genomic instability is still poorly-understood. Here, we used CRISPRi and a claudin mimic peptide (CMP) to modulate the cladudin-4 expression and its function, respectively in in-vitro (high-grade serous carcinoma cells) and in-vivo (patient-derived xenograft in a humanized-mice model) systems. We found that claudin-4 promotes a protective cellular-mechanism that links cell-cell junctions to genome integrity. Disruption of this axis leads to irregular cellular connections and cell cycle that results in chromosomal alterations, a phenomenon associated with a novel functional link between claudin-4 and SLC1A5/LAT1 in regulating autophagy. Consequently, claudin-4's disruption increased autophagy and associated with engulfment of cytoplasm-localized DNA. Furthermore, the claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 biological axis correlates with decrease ovarian cancer patient survival and targeting claudin-4 in-vivo with CMP resulted in increased niraparib (PARPi) efficacy, correlating with increased tumoral infiltration of T CD8+ lymphocytes. Our results show that the upregulation of claudin-4 enables a mechanism that promotes tolerance to genomic instability and immune evasion in ovarian cancer; thus, suggesting the potential of claudin-4 as a translational target for enhancing ovarian cancer treatment.
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Yamamoto K, Watanabe-Takano H, Oguri-Nakamura E, Matsuno H, Horikami D, Ishii T, Ohashi R, Kubota Y, Nishiyama K, Murata T, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S. Rap1 small GTPase is essential for maintaining pulmonary endothelial barrier function in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23310. [PMID: 38010922 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300830rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular permeability is dynamically but tightly controlled by vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions to maintain homeostasis. Thus, impairments of VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions lead to hyperpermeability, promoting the development and progression of various disease processes. Notably, the lungs are a highly vulnerable organ wherein pulmonary inflammation and infection result in vascular leakage. Herein, we showed that Rap1, a small GTPase, plays an essential role for maintaining pulmonary endothelial barrier function in mice. Endothelial cell-specific Rap1a/Rap1b double knockout mice exhibited severe pulmonary edema. They also showed vascular leakage in the hearts, but not in the brains. En face analyses of the pulmonary arteries and 3D-immunofluorescence analyses of the lungs revealed that Rap1 potentiates VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions through dynamic actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Rap1 inhibits formation of cytoplasmic actin bundles perpendicularly binding VE-cadherin adhesions through inhibition of a Rho-ROCK pathway-induced activation of cytoplasmic nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II). Simultaneously, Rap1 induces junctional NM-II activation to create circumferential actin bundles, which anchor and stabilize VE-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. We also showed that the mice carrying only one allele of either Rap1a or Rap1b out of the two Rap1 genes are more vulnerable to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary vascular leakage than wild-type mice, while activation of Rap1 by administration of 007, an activator for Epac, attenuates LPS-induced increase in pulmonary endothelial permeability in wild-type mice. Thus, we demonstrate that Rap1 plays an essential role for maintaining pulmonary endothelial barrier functions under physiological conditions and provides protection against inflammation-induced pulmonary vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Laboratory of Vascular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Oguri-Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Vascular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Zheng S, Wang X, Matskova L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Kashuba E, Ernberg I, Aspenström P. MTSS1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which disrupts adherens junctions leading to enhanced cell migration and invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275668. [PMID: 37920825 PMCID: PMC10618355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cell adhesions is the indispensable first step for cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor mass to metastasize. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is frequently lost in metastatic tissues, correlating to advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis across a variety of cancers. Here we explore the anti-metastatic mechanisms of MTSS1, which have not been well understood. We found that MTSS1 is downregulated in NPC tissues. Lower levels of MTSS1 expression correlate to worse prognosis. We show that MTSS1 suppresses NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro through cytoskeletal remodeling at cell-cell borders and assembly of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin in adherens junctions. The I-BAR domain of MTSS1 was both necessary and sufficient to restore this formation of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin-mediated cell adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Scientific Research Centre, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Riedl M, Mayer I, Merrin J, Sixt M, Hof B. Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5633. [PMID: 37704595 PMCID: PMC10499792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether one considers swarming insects, flocking birds, or bacterial colonies, collective motion arises from the coordination of individuals and entails the adjustment of their respective velocities. In particular, in close confinements, such as those encountered by dense cell populations during development or regeneration, collective migration can only arise coordinately. Yet, how individuals unify their velocities is often not understood. Focusing on a finite number of cells in circular confinements, we identify waves of polymerizing actin that function as a pacemaker governing the speed of individual cells. We show that the onset of collective motion coincides with the synchronization of the wave nucleation frequencies across the population. Employing a simpler and more readily accessible mechanical model system of active spheres, we identify the synchronization of the individuals' internal oscillators as one of the essential requirements to reach the corresponding collective state. The mechanical 'toy' experiment illustrates that the global synchronous state is achieved by nearest neighbor coupling. We suggest by analogy that local coupling and the synchronization of actin waves are essential for the emergent, self-organized motion of cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riedl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Mayer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Björn Hof
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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12
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Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Troyanovsky SM. Adherens junction: the ensemble of specialized cadherin clusters. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:374-387. [PMID: 36127186 PMCID: PMC10020127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell-cell connections in adherens junctions (AJs) are mediated by transmembrane receptors, type I cadherins (referred to here as cadherins). These cadherin-based connections (or trans bonds) are weak. To upregulate their strength, cadherins exploit avidity, the increased affinity of binding between cadherin clusters compared with isolated monomers. Formation of such clusters is a unique molecular process that is driven by a synergy of direct and indirect cis interactions between cadherins located at the same cell. In addition to their role in adhesion, cadherin clusters provide structural scaffolds for cytosolic proteins, which implicate cadherin into different cellular activities and signaling pathways. The cluster lifetime, which depends on the actin cytoskeleton, and on the mechanical forces it generates, determines the strength of AJs and their plasticity. The key aspects of cadherin adhesion, therefore, cannot be understood at the level of isolated cadherin molecules, but should be discussed in the context of cadherin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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14
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Bax NA, Wang A, Huang DL, Pokutta S, Weis WI, Dunn AR. Multi-level Force-dependent Allosteric Enhancement of αE-catenin Binding to F-actin by Vinculin. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167969. [PMID: 36682678 PMCID: PMC9957948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Classical cadherins are transmembrane proteins whose extracellular domains link neighboring cells, and whose intracellular domains connect to the actin cytoskeleton via β-catenin and α-catenin. The cadherin-catenin complex transmits forces that drive tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. In addition, tension-dependent changes in αE-catenin conformation enables it to recruit the actin-binding protein vinculin to cell-cell junctions, which contributes to junctional strengthening. How and whether multiple cadherin-complexes cooperate to reinforce cell-cell junctions in response to load remains poorly understood. Here, we used single-molecule optical trap measurements to examine how multiple cadherin-catenin complexes interact with F-actin under load, and how this interaction is influenced by the presence of vinculin. We show that force oriented toward the (-) end of the actin filament results in mean lifetimes 3-fold longer than when force was applied towards the barbed (+) end. We also measured force-dependent actin binding by a quaternary complex comprising the cadherin-catenin complex and the vinculin head region, which cannot itself bind actin. Binding lifetimes of this quaternary complex increased as additional complexes bound F-actin, but only when load was oriented toward the (-) end. In contrast, the cadherin-catenin complex alone did not show this form of cooperativity. These findings reveal multi-level, force-dependent regulation that enhances the strength of the association of multiple cadherin/catenin complexes with F-actin, conferring positive feedback that may strengthen the junction and polarize F-actin to facilitate the emergence of higher-order cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Bax
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States. https://twitter.com/@bax1337
| | - Amy Wang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States. https://twitter.com/@amywang01
| | - Derek L Huang
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, United States
| | - Sabine Pokutta
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - William I Weis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine.
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15
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Nakajima M, Kawahara R, Simizu S. Cofilin promotes vasculogenic mimicry by regulating the actin cytoskeleton in human breast cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1114-1124. [PMID: 36737242 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of microvascular channels by cancer cells. VM requires cellular processes that are regulated by changes in cellular migration and morphology. Cofilin (CFL), a key regulator of actin depolymerization, has been reported to affect malignant phenotypes of cancer. We show that treatment with inhibitors of actin dynamics suppresses VM in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. We established CFL-knockout (KO) MDA-MB-231 cells and found that VM was attenuated in CFL-KO cells. Although the re-expression of wild-type CFL restored VM in CFL-KO cells, inactive phosphomimetic CFL failed to do so. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CFL is a critical regulator of VM and implicate CFL as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Kawahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Calcium-dependent cAMP mediates the mechanoresponsive behaviour of endothelial cells to high-frequency nanomechanostimulation. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121866. [PMID: 36526351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial junction plays a central role in regulating intravascular and interstitial tissue permeability. The ability to manipulate its integrity therefore not only facilitates an improved understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms but also provides insight into potential therapeutic solutions. Herein, we explore the effects of short-duration nanometer-amplitude MHz-order mechanostimulation on interendothelial junction stability and hence the barrier capacity of endothelial monolayers. Following an initial transient in which the endothelial barrier is permeabilised due to Rho-ROCK-activated actin stress fibre formation and junction disruption typical of a cell's response to insults, we observe, quite uniquely, the integrity of the endothelial barrier to not only spontaneously recover but also to be enhanced considerably-without the need for additional stimuli or intervention. Central to this peculiar biphasic response, which has not been observed with other stimuli to date, is the role of second messenger calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling. We show that intracellular Ca2+, modulated by the high frequency excitation, is responsible for activating reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton in the barrier recovery phase, in which circumferential actin bundles are formed to stabilise the adherens junctions via a cAMP-mediated Epac1-Rap1 pathway. Despite the short-duration stimulation (8 min), the approximate 4-fold enhancement in the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of endothelial cells from different tissue sources, and the corresponding reduction in paracellular permeability, was found to persist over hours. The effect can further be extended through multiple treatments without resulting in hyperpermeabilisation of the barrier, as found with prolonged use of chemical stimuli, through which only 1.1- to 1.2-fold improvement in TEER has been reported. Such an ability to regulate and enhance endothelial barrier capacity is particularly useful in the development of in vitro barrier models that more closely resemble their in vivo counterparts.
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17
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Rahman SU, Kim WJ, Chung SH, Woo KM. Nanofibrous topography-driven altered responsiveness to Wnt5a mediates the three-dimensional polarization of odontoblasts. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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McEvoy E, Sneh T, Moeendarbary E, Javanmardi Y, Efimova N, Yang C, Marino-Bravante GE, Chen X, Escribano J, Spill F, Garcia-Aznar JM, Weeraratna AT, Svitkina TM, Kamm RD, Shenoy VB. Feedback between mechanosensitive signaling and active forces governs endothelial junction integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7089. [PMID: 36402771 PMCID: PMC9675837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and recovery of gaps in the vascular endothelium governs a wide range of physiological and pathological phenomena, from angiogenesis to tumor cell extravasation. However, the interplay between the mechanical and signaling processes that drive dynamic behavior in vascular endothelial cells is not well understood. In this study, we propose a chemo-mechanical model to investigate the regulation of endothelial junctions as dependent on the feedback between actomyosin contractility, VE-cadherin bond turnover, and actin polymerization, which mediate the forces exerted on the cell-cell interface. Simulations reveal that active cell tension can stabilize cadherin bonds, but excessive RhoA signaling can drive bond dissociation and junction failure. While actin polymerization aids gap closure, high levels of Rac1 can induce junction weakening. Combining the modeling framework with experiments, our model predicts the influence of pharmacological treatments on the junction state and identifies that a critical balance between RhoA and Rac1 expression is required to maintain junction stability. Our proposed framework can help guide the development of therapeutics that target the Rho family of GTPases and downstream active mechanical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McEvoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, H91 HX31, Ireland
| | - Tal Sneh
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Changsong Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gloria E Marino-Bravante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Escribano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Kudryashova E, Ankita, Ulrichs H, Shekhar S, Kudryashov DS. Pointed-end processive elongation of actin filaments by Vibrio effectors VopF and VopL. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9239. [PMID: 36399577 PMCID: PMC9674292 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
According to the cellular actin dynamics paradigm, filaments grow at their barbed ends and depolymerize predominantly from their pointed ends to form polar structures and do productive work. We show that actin can elongate at the pointed end when assisted by Vibrio VopF/L toxins, which act as processive polymerases. In cells, processively moving VopF/L speckles are inhibited by factors blocking the pointed but not barbed ends. Multispectral single-molecule imaging confirmed that VopF molecules associate with the pointed end, actively promoting its elongation even in the presence of profilin. Consequently, VopF/L can break the actin cytoskeleton's polarity by compromising actin-based cellular processes. Therefore, actin filament design allows processive growth at both ends, which suggests unforeseen possibilities for cellular actin organization, particularly in specialized cells and compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kudryashova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ankita
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Heidi Ulrichs
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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20
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Zhuang J, Zhu C, Han R, Steuer A, Kolb JF, Shi F. Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis for the Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Changes to Intercellular Junctions Induced by Cold Atmospheric Plasma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185861. [PMID: 36144597 PMCID: PMC9503961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of pertinent parameters of a Cole-Cole model in the impedimetric assessment of cell-monolayers was investigated with respect to the significance of their individual contribution. The analysis enables conclusions on characteristics, such as intercellular junctions. Especially cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proven to influence intercellular junctions which may become a key factor in CAP-related biological effects. Therefore, the response of rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344) and their malignant counterpart (WB-ras) was studied by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cell monolayers before and after CAP treatment were analyzed. An uncertainty quantification (UQ) of Cole parameters revealed the frequency cut-off point between low and high frequency resistances. A sensitivity analysis (SA) showed that the Cole parameters, R0 and α were the most sensitive, while Rinf and τ were the least sensitive. The temporal development of major Cole parameters indicates that CAP induced reversible changes in intercellular junctions, but not significant changes in membrane permeability. Sustained changes of τ suggested that long-lived ROS, such as H2O2, might play an important role. The proposed analysis confirms that an inherent advantage of EIS is the real time observation for CAP-induced changes on intercellular junctions, with a label-free and in situ method manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 215000, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 215000, China
| | - Rui Han
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 215000, China
| | - Anna Steuer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juergen F. Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fukun Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-051269588135
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21
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Kwack KH, Ji JY, Park B, Heo JS. Fucoidan ( Undaria pinnatifida)/Polydopamine Composite-Modified Surface Promotes Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:181. [PMID: 35323480 PMCID: PMC8953107 DOI: 10.3390/md20030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a marine-sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae, has been recently spotlighted as a natural biomaterial for use in bone formation and regeneration. Current research explores the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of fucoidan-based composites for bone tissue engineering applications. The utility of fucoidan in a bone tissue regeneration environment necessitates a better understanding of how fucoidan regulates osteogenic processes at the molecular level. Therefore, this study designed a fucoidan and polydopamine (PDA) composite-based film for use in a culture platform for periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and explored the prominent molecular pathways induced during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through transcriptome profiling. Characterization of the fucoidan/PDA-coated culture polystyrene surface was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs cultured on the fucoidan/PDA composite was examined through alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular calcium levels, matrix mineralization assay, and analysis of the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers. RNA sequencing was performed to identify significantly enriched and associated molecular networks. The culture of PDLSCs on the fucoidan/PDA composite demonstrated higher osteogenic potency than that on the control surface. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (n = 348) were identified during fucoidan/PDA-induced osteogenic differentiation by RNA sequencing. The signaling pathways enriched in the DEGs include regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and Ras-related protein 1 and phosphatidylinositol signaling. These pathways represent cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization functions that are significantly involved in the osteogenic process. These results suggest that a fucoidan/PDA composite promotes the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs by activation of critical molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Ju Young Ji
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Borami Park
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Jung Sun Heo
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (B.P.)
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22
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Yamamoto K, Takagi Y, Ando K, Fukuhara S. Rap1 Small GTPase Regulates Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions and Vascular Permeability. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1371-1379. [PMID: 34602545 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular permeability of the endothelium is finely controlled by vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions. In the majority of normal adult tissues, endothelial cells in blood vessels maintain vascular permeability at a relatively low level, while in response to inflammation, they limit vascular barrier function to induce plasma leakage and extravasation of immune cells as a defense mechanism. Thus, the dynamic but also simultaneously tight regulation of vascular permeability by endothelial cells is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and, as such, impairments of its underlying mechanisms result in hyperpermeability, leading to the development and progression of various diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerging infectious disease. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have been unveiling the important role of Rap1, a small guanosine 5'-triphosphatase (GTPase) belonging to the Ras superfamily, in the regulation of vascular permeability. Rap1 enhances VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions to potentiate vascular barrier functions via dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Importantly, Rap1 signaling activation reportedly improves vascular barrier function in animal models of various diseases associated with vascular hyperpermeability, suggesting that Rap1 might be an ideal target for drugs intended to prevent vascular barrier dysfunction. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the mechanisms by which Rap1 potentiates VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell adhesions and vascular barrier function. We also discuss how alterations in Rap1 signaling are related to vascular barrier dysfunction in diseases such as acute pulmonary injury and malignancies. In addition, we examine the possibility of Rap1 signaling as a target of drugs for treating diseases associated with vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yuki Takagi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
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23
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Uemura A, Fukushima Y. Rho GTPases in Retinal Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073684. [PMID: 33916163 PMCID: PMC8036301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases (Rho GTPases) act as molecular switches that transduce extrinsic stimuli into cytoskeletal rearrangements. In vascular endothelial cells (ECs), Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA control cell migration and cell–cell junctions downstream of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, thereby regulating vascular formation and permeability. While these Rho GTPases are broadly expressed in various types of cells, RhoJ is enriched in angiogenic ECs. Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) releases RhoJ from the intracellular domain of PlexinD1, by which RhoJ induces actin depolymerization through competition with Cdc42 for their common effector proteins. RhoJ further mediates the Sema3E-induced association of PlexinD1 with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 and the activation of p38. Upon stimulation with VEGF-A, RhoJ facilitates the formation of a holoreceptor complex comprising VEGFR2, PlexinD1, and neuropilin-1, leading to the prevention of VEGFR2 degradation and the maintenance of intracellular signal transduction. These pleiotropic roles of RhoJ are required for directional EC migration in retinal angiogenesis. This review highlights the latest insights regarding Rho GTPases in the field of vascular biology, as it will be informative to consider their potential as targets for the treatment of aberrant angiogenesis and hyperpermeability in retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Uemura Eye Clinic, Nishinomiya 663-8101, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-61-8000
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 563-0871, Japan;
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Zhang H, Fan J, Zhao Z, Wang C, Wan LQ. Effects of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Proteins on the Chirality of Brain Endothelial Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:231-240. [PMID: 34109002 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell chirality is an intrinsic cellular property that determines the directionality of cellular polarization along the left-right axis. We recently show that endothelial cell chirality can influence intercellular junction formation and alter trans-endothelial permeability, depending on the uniformity of the chirality of adjacent cells, which suggests a potential role for cell chirality in neurodegenerative diseases with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunctions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we determined the effects of AD-related proteins amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) on the chiral bias of the endothelial cell component in BBB. Methods We first examined the chiral bias and effects of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated chiral alterations of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) using the ring micropattern chirality assay. We then investigated the effects of Aβ, tau, and ApoE4 on hBMEC chirality using chirality assay and biased organelle positions. Results The hBMECs have a strong clockwise chiral bias, which can be reversed by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Treatment with tau significantly disrupted the chiral bias of hBMECs with altered cellular polarization. In contrast, neither ApoE4 nor Aβ-42 caused significant changes in cell chirality. Conclusions We conclude that tau might cause BBB dysfunction by disrupting cell polarization and chiral morphogenesis, while the effects of ApoE4 and Aβ-42 on BBB integrity might be chirality-independent. The potential involvement of chiral morphogenesis in tau-mediated BBB dysfunction in AD provides a novel perspective in vascular dysfunction in tauopathies such as AD, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00669-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
- Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
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Seebach J, Klusmeier N, Schnittler H. Autoregulatory "Multitasking" at Endothelial Cell Junctions by Junction-Associated Intermittent Lamellipodia Controls Barrier Properties. Front Physiol 2021; 11:586921. [PMID: 33488392 PMCID: PMC7815704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) junctions are key structures controlling tissue homeostasis in physiology. In the last three decades, excellent studies have addressed many aspects of this complex and highly dynamic regulation, including cell signaling, remodeling processes of the proteins of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions, the cytoskeleton, and post-transcriptional modifications, transcriptional activation, and gene silencing. In this dynamic process, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) provides the core structure of EC junctions mediating the physical adhesion of cells as well as the control of barrier function and monolayer integrity via remodeling processes, regulation of protein expression and post-translational modifications. In recent years, research teams have documented locally restricted dynamics of EC junctions in which actin-driven protrusions in plasma membranes play a central role. In this regard, our research group showed that the dynamics of VE-cadherin is driven by small (1-5 μm) actin-mediated protrusions in plasma membranes that, due to this specific function, were named "junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia" (JAIL). JAIL form at overlapping, adjacent cells, and exactly at this site new VE-cadherin interactions occur, leading to new VE-cadherin adhesion sites, a process that restores weak or lost VE-cadherin adhesion. Mechanistically, JAIL formation occurs locally restricted (1-5 μm) and underlies autoregulation in which the local VE-cadherin concentration is an important parameter. A decrease in the local concentration of VE-cadherin stimulates JAIL formation, whereas an increase in the concentration of VE-cadherin blocks it. JAIL mediated VE-cadherin remodeling at the subjunctional level have been shown to be of crucial importance in angiogenesis, wound healing, and changes in permeability during inflammation. The concept of subjunctional regulation of EC junctions is strongly supported by permeability assays, which can be employed to quantify actin-driven subjunctional changes. In this brief review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and concepts of subjunctional regulation in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Klusmeier
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Zhang L, Wei F, Bai Q, Song D, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Abdulrahman AA, Bian Y, Xu X, Chen C, Zhang H, Sun D. Oscillating Magnetic Field Regulates Cell Adherence and Endothelialization Based on Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Bacterial Cellulose. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52467-52478. [PMID: 33170636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widely explored biomaterial scaffolds in vascular tissue engineering applications lately, no ideal platform has been provided for small diameter synthetic vascular grafts mainly due to the thrombosis issue. Endothelium is the only known completely non-thrombogenic material; so, functional endothelialization onto vascular biomaterials is critical in maintaining the patency of vascular networks. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural biomaterial with superior biocompatibility and appropriate hydrophilicity as potential vascular grafts. In previous studies, surface modification of active peptides such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences onto biomaterials has been proven to achieve accelerated and selective endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. In our study, we demonstrated a new strategy to remotely regulate the adhesion of endothelial cells based on an oscillating magnetic field and achieve successful endothelialization on the modified BC membranes. In details, we synthesized bacterial cellulose (BC), magnetic BC (MBC), and RGD peptide-grafted magnetic BC (RMBC), modified with the HOOC-PEG-COOH-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-IONs). The endothelial cells were cultured on the three materials under different frequencies of an oscillating magnetic field, including "stationary" (0 Hz), "slow" (0.1 Hz), and "fast" (2 Hz) groups. Compared to BC and MBC membranes, the cells on RMBC membranes generally show better adhesion and proliferation. Meanwhile, the "slow" frequency of a magnetic field promotes this phenomenon on RMBC and achieves endothelialization after culture for 4 days, whereas "fast" inhibits the cellular attachment. Overall, we demonstrate a non-invasive and convenient method to regulate the endothelialization process, with promising applications in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Danhong Song
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Zhuofan Zheng
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Al-Ammari Abdulrahman
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Bian
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Xuran Xu
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Chuntao Chen
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
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Senra D, Páez A, Gueron G, Bruno L, Guisoni N. Following the footprints of variability during filopodial growth. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:643-659. [PMID: 33141270 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-built finger-like dynamic structures that protrude from the cell cortex. These structures can sense the environment and play key roles in migration and cell-cell interactions. The growth-retraction cycle of filopodia is a complex process exquisitely regulated by intra- and extra-cellular cues, whose nature remains elusive. Filopodia present wide variation in length, lifetime and growth rate. Here, we investigate the features of filopodia patterns in fixed prostate tumor cells by confocal microscopy. Analysis of almost a thousand filopodia suggests the presence of two different populations: one characterized by a narrow distribution of lengths and the other with a much more variable pattern with very long filopodia. We explore a stochastic model of filopodial growth which takes into account diffusion and reactions involving actin and the regulatory proteins formin and capping, and retrograde flow. Interestingly, we found an inverse dependence between the filopodial length and the retrograde velocity. This result led us to propose that variations in the retrograde velocity could explain the experimental lengths observed for these tumor cells. In this sense, one population involves a wider range of retrograde velocities than the other population, and also includes low values of this velocity. It has been hypothesized that cells would be able to regulate retrograde flow as a mechanism to control filopodial length. Thus, we propound that the experimental filopodia pattern is the result of differential retrograde velocities originated from heterogeneous signaling due to cell-substrate interactions or prior cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Páez
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Bruno
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nara Guisoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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Rahman T, Zhang H, Fan J, Wan LQ. Cell chirality in cardiovascular development and disease. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:031503. [PMID: 32903894 PMCID: PMC7449703 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system demonstrates left-right (LR) asymmetry: most notably, the LR asymmetric looping of the bilaterally symmetric linear heart tube. Similarly, the orientation of the aortic arch is asymmetric as well. Perturbations to the asymmetry have been associated with several congenital heart malformations and vascular disorders. The source of the asymmetry, however, is not clear. Cell chirality, a recently discovered and intrinsic LR asymmetric cellular morphological property, has been implicated in the heart looping and vascular barrier function. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in the field of cell chirality and describe various approaches developed for studying cell chirality at multi- and single-cell levels. We also examine research progress in asymmetric cardiovascular development and associated malformations. Finally, we review evidence connecting cell chirality to cardiac looping and vascular permeability and provide thoughts on future research directions for cell chirality in the context of cardiovascular development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnif Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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29
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Gold nanoparticles disrupt actin organization and pulmonary endothelial barriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13320. [PMID: 32770112 PMCID: PMC7414109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the impact of gold nanoparticles on the metabolic activity and morphology of human pulmonary endothelial cell monolayers. We developed a gold nanoparticle library of three different sizes and two surface chemistries that include anionic citrate and the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The nanoparticles were characterized in cell culture medium to assess how their physical properties are altered after exposure to biological fluids. A bovine serum albumin pretreatment protocol was developed to stabilize the nanoparticles in cell culture medium. Results of this study show that an 18 h exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells to the different nanoparticles modestly affects cellular metabolic activity. However, nanoparticle exposure perturbs the cortical actin networks and induces the formation of intercellular gaps. In particular, exposure to the poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-coated particles reduces the area of cell-cell junctions-a change that correlates with increased leakiness of endothelial barriers. The presence of excess polyelectrolyte capping agents in the supernatant of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-coated nanoparticles significantly impacts endothelial morphology. Pretreatment of the particle supernatant with bovine serum albumin mitigates the negative effects of free or bound polyelectrolytes on endothelial cell monolayers.
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30
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Alexandrova AY, Chikina AS, Svitkina TM. Actin cytoskeleton in mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition of cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:197-256. [PMID: 33066874 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development of metastasis, tumor cells migrate through different tissues and encounter different extracellular matrices. An ability of cells to adapt mechanisms of their migration to these diverse environmental conditions, called migration plasticity, gives tumor cells an advantage over normal cells for long distant dissemination. Different modes of individual cell motility-mesenchymal and amoeboid-are driven by different molecular mechanisms, which largely depend on functions of the actin cytoskeleton that can be modulated in a wide range by cellular signaling mechanisms in response to environmental conditions. Various triggers can switch one motility mode to another, but regulations of these transitions are incompletely understood. However, understanding of the mechanisms driving migration plasticity is instrumental for finding anti-cancer treatment capable to stop cancer metastasis. In this review, we discuss cytoskeletal features, which allow the individually migrating cells to switch between mesenchymal and amoeboid migrating modes, called mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT). We briefly describe main characteristics of different cell migration modes, and then discuss the triggering factors that initiate MAT with special attention to cytoskeletal features essential for migration plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra S Chikina
- Cell Migration and Invasion and Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Antigen Presentation teams, UMR144/U932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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31
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Su Z, Chang Q, Drelich A, Shelite T, Judy B, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhou C, He X, Jin Y, Saito T, Tang S, Soong L, Wakamiya M, Fang X, Bukreyev A, Ksiazek T, Russell WK, Gong B. Annexin A2 depletion exacerbates the intracerebral microhemorrhage induced by acute rickettsia and Ebola virus infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007960. [PMID: 32687500 PMCID: PMC7392349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are small foci of hemorrhages in the cerebrum. Acute infections induced by some intracellular pathogens, including rickettsia, can result in CMHs. Annexin a2 (ANXA2) has been documented to play a functional role during intracellular bacterial adhesion. Here we report that ANXA2-knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to CMHs in response to rickettsia and Ebola virus infections, suggesting an essential role of ANXA2 in protecting vascular integrity during these intracellular pathogen infections. Proteomic analysis via mass spectrometry of whole brain lysates and brain-derived endosomes from ANXA2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice post-infection with R. australis revealed that a variety of significant proteins were differentially expressed, and the follow-up function enrichment analysis had identified several relevant cell-cell junction functions. Immunohistology study confirmed that both infected WT and infected ANXA2-KO mice were subjected to adherens junctional protein (VE-cadherin) damages. However, key blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, tight junctional proteins ZO-1 and occludin, were disorganized in the brains from R. australis-infected ANXA2-KO mice, but not those of infected WT mice. Similar ANXA2-KO dependent CMHs and fragments of ZO-1 and occludin were also observed in Ebola virus-infected ANXA2-KO mice, but not found in infected WT mice. Overall, our study revealed a novel role of ANXA2 in the formation of CMHs during R. australis and Ebola virus infections; and the underlying mechanism is relevant to the role of ANXA2-regulated tight junctions and its role in stabilizing the BBB in these deadly infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Shelite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barbara Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Changchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tais Saito
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shaojun Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Soong
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William K. Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma X, Uchida Y, Wei T, Liu C, Adams RH, Kubota Y, Gutkind JS, Mukouyama YS, Adelstein RS. Nonmuscle myosin 2 regulates cortical stability during sprouting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1974-1987. [PMID: 32583739 PMCID: PMC7543065 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) paralogs, NM 2A and 2B, but not 2C, are detected in endothelial cells. To study the role of NM2 in vascular formation, we ablate NM2 in endothelial cells in mice. Ablating NM2A, but not NM2B, results in reduced blood vessel coverage and increased vascular branching in the developing mouse skin and coronary vasculature. NM2B becomes essential for vascular formation when NM2A expression is limited. Mice ablated for NM2B and one allele of NM2A develop vascular abnormalities similar to those in NM2A ablated mice. Using the embryoid body angiogenic sprouting assay in collagen gels reveals that NM2A is required for persistent angiogenic sprouting by stabilizing the endothelial cell cortex, and thereby preventing excessive branching and ensuring persistent migration of the endothelial sprouts. Mechanistically, NM2 promotes focal adhesion formation and cortical protrusion retraction during angiogenic sprouting. Further studies demonstrate the critical role of Rho kinase–activated NM2 signaling in the regulation of angiogenic sprouting in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Tingyi Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762
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Vähätupa M, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. Exploration of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model to Discover New Therapeutic Drug Targets in Retinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32595503 PMCID: PMC7300227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and the most widely used model for ischemic retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). OIR model has been used to test new potential anti-angiogenic factors for human diseases. We have recently performed the most comprehensive characterization of OIR by a relatively novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics and used genetically modified mice strains to identify novel molecular drug targets in angiogenic retinal diseases. We have confirmed the relevance of the identified molecular targets to human diseases by determining their expression pattern in neovascular membranes obtained from PDR and RVO patients. Based on our results, crystallins were the most prominent proteins induced by early hypoxic environment during the OIR, while actomyosin complex and Filamin A-R-Ras axis, that regulates vascular permeability of the angiogenic blood vessels, stood out at the peak of angiogenesis. Our results have revealed potential new therapeutic targets to address hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis and the associated vascular permeability in number of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Topographic cues reveal filopodia-mediated cell locomotion in 3D microenvironment. Biointerphases 2020; 15:031001. [PMID: 32366106 DOI: 10.1116/1.5141051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In cell-material interactions, the formation and functioning of filopodia have been demonstrated to be very sensitive to topographic cues. However, substrate-exploring functions of filopodia in a 3D microenvironment remain elusive. In this study, the silk fibroin film with a micropillar structure was prepared to reveal a filopodial-mediated cell response to 3D topographic cues. The micropillars provided a confined space for cell spreading by a simplified 3D structure, allowing initial cells to settle on the bottom of substrates rather than on the top of micropillars. Shortly after cell adhesion, the authors describe how cells transform from a filopodia-rich spherical cell state to a lamellipodia-dominated state that enables cell to climb along micropillars and spread on the top of the micropillars. The authors found that filopodia not only served as sensors for pathfinding but also provided nucleation scaffolds for the formation and orientation of minilamellipodia on the micropillar substrate. On the route of long filopodial extension following micropillars, all three functional filopodial adhesions have the ability to form veil-like minilamellipodium, simply by tethering the filopodium to the micropillars. Stable filopodia contacts consistently stimulated the local protrusion of a lamellipodium, which ultimately steered cell migration. Their results suggest the filopodia-mediated cell locomotion in the 3D microenvironment using a filopodia-to-minilamellipodium transformation mechanism.
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Actin protrusions push at apical junctions to maintain E-cadherin adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:432-438. [PMID: 31871203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908654117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is actin-dependent, but the precise role of actin in maintaining cell-cell adhesion is not fully understood. Actin polymerization-dependent protrusive activity is required to push distally separated cells close enough to initiate contact. Whether protrusive activity is required to maintain adhesion in confluent sheets of epithelial cells is not known. By electron microscopy as well as live cell imaging, we have identified a population of protruding actin microspikes that operate continuously near apical junctions of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Live imaging shows that microspikes containing E-cadherin extend into gaps between E-cadherin clusters on neighboring cells, while reformation of cadherin clusters across the cell-cell boundary correlates with microspike withdrawal. We identify Arp2/3, EVL, and CRMP-1 as 3 actin assembly factors necessary for microspike formation. Depleting these factors from cells using RNA interference (RNAi) results in myosin II-dependent unzipping of cadherin adhesive bonds. Therefore, actin polymerization-dependent protrusive activity operates continuously at cadherin cell-cell junctions to keep them shut and to prevent myosin II-dependent contractility from tearing cadherin adhesive contacts apart.
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Vanslembrouck B, Kremer A, VAN Roy F, Lippens S, VAN Hengel J. Unravelling the ultrastructural details of αT-catenin-deficient cell-cell contacts between heart muscle cells by the use of FIB-SEM. J Microsc 2019; 279:189-196. [PMID: 31828778 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intercalated disc is an important structure in cardiomyocytes, as it is essential to maintain correct contraction and proper functioning of the heart. Adhesion and communication between cardiomyocytes are mediated by three main types of intercellular junctions, all residing in the intercalated disc: gap junctions, desmosomes and the areae compositae. Mutations in genes that encode junctional proteins, including αT-catenin (encoded by CTNNA3), have been linked to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. In mice, the loss of αT-catenin in cardiomyocytes leads to impaired heart function, fibrosis, changed expression of desmosomal proteins and increased risk for arrhythmias following ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, it is unclear how the intercalated disc and the intercellular junctions are organised in 3D in the hearts of this αT-catenin knockout (KO) mouse model. In order to scrutinise this, ventricular cardiac tissue of αT-catenin KO mice was used for volume electron microscopy (VEM), making use of Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), allowing a careful 3D reconstruction of the intercalated disc, including gap junctions and desmosomes. Although αT-catenin KO and control mice display a comparable organisation of the sarcomere and the different intercalated disc regions, the folds of the plicae region of the intercalated disc are longer and more narrow in the KO heart, and the pale region between the sarcomere and the intercalated disc is larger. In addition, αT-catenin KO intercalated discs appear to have smaller gap junctions and desmosomes in the plicae region, while gap junctions are larger in the interplicae region of the intercalated disc. Although the reason for this remodelling of the ultrastructure after αT-catenin deletion remains unclear, the excellent resolution of the FIB-SEM technology allows us to reconstruct details that were not reported before. LAY DESCRIPTION: Cardiomyocytes are cells that make up the heart muscle. As the chief cell type of the heart, cardiomyocytes are primarily involved in the contractile function of the heart that enables the pumping of blood around the body. Cardiac muscle cells are connected to each other at their short end by numerous intercellular junctions forming together a structure called the intercalated disc. These intercellular junctions comprise specific protein complexes, which are crucial for both intercellular adhesion and correct contraction of the heart. Imaging by conventional electron microscopy (EM) revealed a heavily folded intercalated disc with apparently random organization of the intercellular junctions. However, this conclusion was based on analysis in two dimensions (2D). 3D information of these structures is needed to unravel their true organization and function. In the present study, we used a more contemporary technique, called volume EM, to image and reconstruct the intercalated discs in 3D. By this approach, EM images are made from a whole block of tissue what differs significantly from classical EM methods that uses only one very thin slice for imaging. Further, we analyzed in comparison to normal mice also a mouse model for cardiomyopathy in which a specific protein of the cardiac intercellular junctions, αT-catenin, is absent. Volume EM revealed that in the hearts of these mice with cardiomyopathy, the finger-like folds of the intercalated disc are longer and thinner compared to control hearts. Also the intercellular junctions on the folded parts of the intercalated disc are smaller and their connection to the striated cytoskeleton seems further away. In conclusion, our volume EM study has expanded our understanding of 3D structures at the intercalated discs and will pave the way for more detailed models of disturbed cell-cell contacts associated with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vanslembrouck
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Kremer
- VIB BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F VAN Roy
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Lippens
- VIB BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J VAN Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Heuzé ML, Sankara Narayana GHN, D'Alessandro J, Cellerin V, Dang T, Williams DS, Van Hest JC, Marcq P, Mège RM, Ladoux B. Myosin II isoforms play distinct roles in adherens junction biogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:46599. [PMID: 31486768 PMCID: PMC6756789 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junction (AJ) assembly under force is essential for many biological processes like epithelial monolayer bending, collective cell migration, cell extrusion and wound healing. The acto-myosin cytoskeleton acts as a major force-generator during the de novo formation and remodeling of AJ. Here, we investigated the role of non-muscle myosin II isoforms (NMIIA and NMIIB) in epithelial junction assembly. NMIIA and NMIIB differentially regulate biogenesis of AJ through association with distinct actin networks. Analysis of junction dynamics, actin organization, and mechanical forces of control and knockdown cells for myosins revealed that NMIIA provides the mechanical tugging force necessary for cell-cell junction reinforcement and maintenance. NMIIB is involved in E-cadherin clustering, maintenance of a branched actin layer connecting E-cadherin complexes and perijunctional actin fibres leading to the building-up of anisotropic stress. These data reveal unanticipated complementary functions of NMIIA and NMIIB in the biogenesis and integrity of AJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina L Heuzé
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | | | - Joseph D'Alessandro
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Victor Cellerin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Tien Dang
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Cm Van Hest
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Laboratoire Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 7636, Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
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Shakhov AS, Dugina VB, Alieva IB. Structural Features of Actin Cytoskeleton Required for Endotheliocyte Barrier Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:358-369. [PMID: 31228927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin structures are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. According to the classic concepts, actin structures perform contractile and motor functions, ensuring the possibility of cell shape changes during cell spreading, polarization, and movement both in vitro and in vivo, from the early embryogenesis stages and throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Intracellular organization of actin structures, their biochemical composition, and dynamic properties play a key role in the realization of specific cellular and tissue functions and vary in different cell types. This paper is a review of recent studies on the organization and properties of actin structures in endotheliocytes, interaction of these structures with other cytoskeletal components and elements involved in cell adhesion, as well as their role in the functional activity of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - V B Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - I B Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Antunes JC, Benarroch L, Moraes FC, Juenet M, Gross MS, Aubart M, Boileau C, Caligiuri G, Nicoletti A, Ollivier V, Chaubet F, Letourneur D, Chauvierre C. Core-Shell Polymer-Based Nanoparticles Deliver miR-155-5p to Endothelial Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:210-222. [PMID: 31265949 PMCID: PMC6610682 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure occurs in over 30% of the worldwide population and most commonly originates from cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction. microRNAs (miRNAs) target and silence specific mRNAs, thereby regulating gene expression. Because the endogenous miR-155-5p has been ascribed to vasculoprotection, loading it onto positively charged, core-shell poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA)-polysaccharide nanoparticles (NPs) was attempted. NPs showed a decrease (p < 0.0001) in surface electrical charge (ζ potential), with negligible changes in size or shape when loaded with the anionic miR-155-5p. Presence of miR-155-5p in loaded NPs was further quantified. Cytocompatibility up to 100 μg/mL of NPs for 2 days with human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) was documented. NPs were able to enter hCAECs and were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Expression of miR-155-5p was increased within the cells by 75-fold after 4 hours of incubation (p < 0.05) and was still noticeable at day 2. Differences between loaded NP-cultured cells and free miRNA, at days 1 (p < 0.05) and 2 (p < 0.001) suggest the ability of prolonged load release in physiological conditions. Expression of miR-155-5p downstream target BACH1 was decreased in the cells by 4-fold after 1 day of incubation (p < 0.05). This study is a first proof of concept that miR-155-5p can be loaded onto NPs and remain intact and biologically active in endothelial cells (ECs). These nanosystems could potentially increase an endogenous cytoprotective response and decrease damage within infarcted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Antunes
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Louise Benarroch
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Fernanda C Moraes
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Maya Juenet
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Sylvie Gross
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Mélodie Aubart
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Chaubet
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Chauvierre
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris 13, 75018 Paris, France.
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Gao S, Wake H, Gao Y, Wang D, Mori S, Liu K, Teshigawara K, Takahashi H, Nishibori M. Histidine-rich glycoprotein ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2808-2824. [PMID: 31093964 PMCID: PMC6609555 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Microvascular barrier breakdown is a hallmark of sepsis that is associated with sepsis‐induced multiorgan failure. Histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75‐kDa plasma protein that was demonstrated to improve the survival of septic mice through regulation of cell shape, spontaneous ROS production in neutrophils, and adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelial cells. We investigated HRG's role in the LPS/TNF‐α‐induced barrier dysfunction of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanism, to clarify the definitive roles of HRG in sepsis. Experimental Approach EA.hy 926 endothelial cells were pretreated with HRG or human serum albumin before stimulation with LPS/TNF‐α. A variety of biochemical assays were applied to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms on how HRG protected the barrier function of vascular endothelium. Key Results Immunostaining results showed that HRG maintains the endothelial monolayer integrity by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization, losses of VE‐cadherin and β‐catenin, focal adhesion kinase degradation, and cell detachment induced by LPS/TNF‐α. HRG also inhibited the cytokine secretion from endothelial cells induced by LPS/TNF‐α, which was associated with reduced NF‐κB activation. Moreover, HRG effectively prevented the LPS/TNF‐α‐induced increase in capillary permeability in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Western blot results demonstrated that HRG prevented the phosphorylation of MAPK family and RhoA activation, which are involved mainly in the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization and barrier permeability. Conclusions and Implications Taken together, our results demonstrate that HRG has protective effects on vascular barrier function in vitro and in vivo, which may be due to the inhibition of MAPK family and Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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NMIIA promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:5500-5515. [PMID: 30967633 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) protein plays an important role in cell cytokinesis and cell migration. The role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of NMIIA in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain elusive. We found that NMIIA is highly expressed in PC tissues and contributes to PC poor progression by using open microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and PC tissue arrays. NMIIA regulates β-catenin mediated EMT to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation of PC cells in vitro and in vivo. NMIIA controls the β-catenin transcriptional activity by interacting with β-catenin. Moreover, MEK/ERK signaling is critical in MLC2 (Ser19) phosphorylation, which can mediate NMIIA activity and regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings highlight the significance of NMIIA in tumor regression and implicate NMIIA as a promising candidate for PC treatment.
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Cao J, Schnittler H. Putting VE-cadherin into JAIL for junction remodeling. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/1/jcs222893. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Junction dynamics of endothelial cells are based on the integration of signal transduction, cytoskeletal remodeling and contraction, which are necessary for the formation and maintenance of monolayer integrity, but also enable repair and regeneration. The VE-cadherin–catenin complex forms the molecular basis of the adherence junctions and cooperates closely with actin filaments. Several groups have recently described small actin-driven protrusions at the cell junctions that are controlled by the Arp2/3 complex, contributing to cell junction regulation. We identified these protrusions as the driving force for VE-cadherin dynamics, as they directly induce new VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion sites, and have accordingly referred to these structures as junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL). JAIL extend over only a few microns and thus provide the basis for a subcellular regulation of adhesion. The local (subcellular) VE-cadherin concentration and JAIL formation are directly interdependent, which enables autoregulation. Therefore, this mechanism can contribute a subcellularly regulated adaptation of cell contact dynamics, and is therefore of great importance for monolayer integrity and relative cell migration during wound healing and angiogenesis, as well as for inflammatory responses. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions underlying these actin-driven protrusions and consider their contribution to the dynamic regulation of endothelial cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
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43
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Yao B, Zhang M, Liu M, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y. Transcriptomic characterization elucidates a signaling network that controls antler growth. Genome 2018; 61:829-841. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers are amazing appendages with the fastest growth rate among mammalian organs. Antler growth is driven by the growth center through a modified endochondral ossification process. Thus, identification of signaling pathways functioning in antler growth center would help us to uncover the underlying molecular mechanism of rapid antler growth. Furthermore, exploring and dissecting the molecular mechanism that regulates antler growth is extremely important and helpful for identifying methods to enhance long bone growth and treat cartilage- and bone-related diseases. In this study, we build a comprehensive intercellular signaling network in antler growth centers from both the slow growth stage and rapid growth stage using a state-of-art RNA-Seq approach. This network includes differentially expressed genes that regulate the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, and adherens junction. These signaling pathways coordinately control multiple biological processes, including chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, matrix homeostasis, mechanobiology, and aging processes, during antler growth in a comprehensive and efficient manner. Therefore, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating antler growth and provides valuable and powerful insight for medical research on therapeutic strategies targeting skeletal disorders and related cartilage and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Yao
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Hilfenhaus G, Nguyen DP, Freshman J, Prajapati D, Ma F, Song D, Ziyad S, Cuadrado M, Pellegrini M, Bustelo XR, Iruela-Arispe ML. Vav3-induced cytoskeletal dynamics contribute to heterotypic properties of endothelial barriers. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2813-2830. [PMID: 29858212 PMCID: PMC6080943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through multiple cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, epithelial and endothelial sheets form tight barriers. Modulators of the cytoskeleton contribute to barrier stability and act as rheostats of vascular permeability. In this study, we sought to identify cytoskeletal regulators that underlie barrier diversity across vessels. To achieve this, we correlated functional and structural barrier features to gene expression of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from different vascular beds. Within a subset of identified candidates, we found that the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 was exclusively expressed by microvascular ECs and was closely associated with a high-resistance barrier phenotype. Ectopic expression of Vav3 in large artery and brain ECs significantly enhanced barrier resistance and cortical rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, we found that the barrier effect of Vav3 is dependent on its Dbl homology domain and downstream activation of Rap1. Importantly, inactivation of Vav3 in vivo resulted in increased vascular leakage, highlighting its function as a key regulator of barrier stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hilfenhaus
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dai Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan Freshman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Divya Prajapati
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dana Song
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Safiyyah Ziyad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Myriam Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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45
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Malinova TS, Huveneers S. Sensing of Cytoskeletal Forces by Asymmetric Adherens Junctions. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Efimova N, Svitkina TM. Branched actin networks push against each other at adherens junctions to maintain cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1827-1845. [PMID: 29507127 PMCID: PMC5940301 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are mechanosensitive cadherin-based intercellular adhesions that interact with the actin cytoskeleton and carry most of the mechanical load at cell-cell junctions. Both Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization generating pushing force and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII)-dependent contraction producing pulling force are necessary for AJ morphogenesis. Which actin system directly interacts with AJs is unknown. Using platinum replica electron microscopy of endothelial cells, we show that vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin colocalizes with Arp2/3 complex-positive actin networks at different AJ types and is positioned at the interface between two oppositely oriented branched networks from adjacent cells. In contrast, actin-NMII bundles are located more distally from the VE-cadherin-rich zone. After Arp2/3 complex inhibition, linear AJs split, leaving gaps between cells with detergent-insoluble VE-cadherin transiently associated with the gap edges. After NMII inhibition, VE-cadherin is lost from gap edges. We propose that the actin cytoskeleton at AJs acts as a dynamic push-pull system, wherein pushing forces maintain extracellular VE-cadherin transinteraction and pulling forces stabilize intracellular adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Rho SS, Ando K, Fukuhara S. Dynamic Regulation of Vascular Permeability by Vascular Endothelial Cadherin-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions. J NIPPON MED SCH 2018; 84:148-159. [PMID: 28978894 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.84.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining blood vessels regulate vascular barrier function, which controls the passage of plasma proteins and circulating cells across the endothelium. In most normal adult tissues, endothelial cells preserve basal vascular permeability at a low level, while they increase permeability in response to inflammation. Therefore, vascular permeability is tightly controlled by a number of extracellular stimuli and mediators to maintain tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, impaired regulation of endothelial permeability causes various diseases, including chronic inflammation, asthma, edema, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anaphylaxis, tumor angiogenesis, and diabetic retinopathy. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, a member of the classical cadherin superfamily, is a component of cell-to-cell adherens junctions in endothelial cells and plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability. VE-cadherin mediates intercellular adhesion through trans-interactions formed by its extracellular domain, while its cytoplasmic domain is anchored to the actin cytoskeleton via α- and β-catenins, leading to stabilization of VE-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions are dynamically, but tightly, controlled by mechanisms that involve protein phosphorylation and reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, and its associated-catenins, results in dissociation of the VE-cadherin/catenin complex and internalization of VE-cadherin, leading to increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton by Rap1, a small GTPase that belongs to the Ras subfamily, and Rho family small GTPases, regulates VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions to control vascular permeability. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms that enable dynamic regulation of VE-cadherin adhesions and vascular permeability. In addition, we discuss the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the signaling pathways controlling VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in diseases associated with vascular hyper-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sik Rho
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
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The Role of Actin Dynamics and Actin-Binding Proteins Expression in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Its Association with Cancer Progression and Evaluation of Possible Therapeutic Targets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4578373. [PMID: 29581975 PMCID: PMC5822767 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4578373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis causes death of 90% of cancer patients, so it is the most significant issue associated with cancer disease. Thus, it is no surprise that many researchers are trying to develop drugs targeting or preventing them. The secondary tumour site formation is closely related to phenomena like epithelial-to-mesenchymal and its reverse, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. The change of the cells' phenotype to mesenchymal involves the acquisition of migratory potential. Cancer cells movement is possible due to the development of invasive structures like invadopodia, lamellipodia, and filopodia. These changes are dependent on the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In turn, the polymerization and depolymerization of actin are controlled by actin-binding proteins. In many tumour cells, the actin and actin-associated proteins are accumulated in the cell nucleus, suggesting that it may also affect the progression of cancer by regulating gene expression. Once the cancer cell reaches a new habitat it again acquires epithelial features and thus proliferative activity. Targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal or/and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions through regulation of their main components expression may be a potential solution to the problem of metastasis. This work focuses on the role of these processes in tumour progression and the assessment of therapeutic potential of agents targeting them.
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton-a collection of actin filaments with their accessory and regulatory proteins-is the primary force-generating machinery in the cell. It can produce pushing (protrusive) forces through coordinated polymerization of multiple actin filaments or pulling (contractile) forces through sliding actin filaments along bipolar filaments of myosin II. Both force types are particularly important for whole-cell migration, but they also define and change the cell shape and mechanical properties of the cell surface, drive the intracellular motility and morphogenesis of membrane organelles, and allow cells to form adhesions with each other and with the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 221 Leidy Labs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Cui LH, Joo HJ, Kim DH, Seo HR, Kim JS, Choi SC, Huang LH, Na JE, Lim IR, Kim JH, Rhyu IJ, Hong SJ, Lee KB, Lim DS. Manipulation of the response of human endothelial colony-forming cells by focal adhesion assembly using gradient nanopattern plates. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:272-282. [PMID: 29037896 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotopography plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular responses. Nonetheless, little is known about how the gradient size of nanostructural stimuli alters the responses of endothelial progenitor cells without chemical factors. Herein, the fabrication of gradient nanopattern plates intended to mimic microenvironment nanotopography is described. The gradient nanopattern plates consist of nanopillars of increasing diameter ranges [120-200 nm (GP 120/200), 200-280 nm (GP 200/280), and 280-360 nm (GP 280/360)] that were used to screen the responses of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs). Nanopillars with a smaller nanopillar diameter caused the cell area and perimeter of hECFCs to decrease and their filopodial outgrowth to increase. The structure of vinculin (a focal adhesion marker in hECFCs) was also modulated by nanostructural stimuli of the gradient nanopattern plates. Moreover, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) gene expression was significantly higher in hECFCs cultured on GP 120/200 than in those on flat plates (no nanopillars), and ROCK suppression impaired the nanostructural-stimuli-induced vinculin assembly. These results suggest that the gradient nanopattern plates generate size-specific nanostructural stimuli suitable for manipulation of the response of hECFCs, in a process dependent on ROCK signaling. This is the first evidence of size-specific nanostructure-sensing behavior of hECFCs. SIGNIFICANCE Nano feature surfaces are of growing interest as materials for a controlled response of various cells. In this study, we successfully fabricated gradient nanopattern plates to manipulate the response of blood-derived hECFCs without any chemical stimulation. Interestingly, we find that the sensitive nanopillar size for manipulation of hECFCs is range between 120 nm and 200 nm, which decreased the area and increased the filopodial outgrowth of hECFCs. Furthermore, we only modulate the nanopillar size to increase ROCK expression can be an attractive method for modulating the cytoskeletal integrity and focal adhesion of hECFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hui Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - I-Rang Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Back Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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