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Selarka K, Shravage BV. Illuminating intercellular autophagy: A comprehensive review of cell non-autonomous autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:150024. [PMID: 38701555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Macro-autophagy (autophagy hereafter) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that has long been recognized as an intracellular mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves the formation of a membraned structure called the autophagosome, which carries cargo that includes toxic protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy is primarily considered and studied as a cell-autonomous mechanism. However, recent studies have illuminated an underappreciated facet of autophagy, i.e., non-autonomously regulated autophagy. Non-autonomously regulated autophagy involves the degradation of autophagic components, including organelles, cargo, and signaling molecules, and is induced in neighboring cells by signals from primary adjacent or distant cells/tissues/organs. This review provides insight into the complex molecular mechanisms governing non-autonomously regulated autophagy, highlighting the dynamic interplay between cells within tissue/organ or distinct cell types in different tissues/organs. Emphasis is placed on modes of intercellular communication that include secreted molecules, including microRNAs, and their regulatory roles in orchestrating this phenomenon. Furthermore, we explore the multidimensional roles of non-autonomously regulated autophagy in various physiological contexts, spanning tissue development and aging, as well as its importance in diverse pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegeneration. By studying the complexities of non-autonomously regulated autophagy, we hope to gain insights into the sophisticated intercellular dynamics within multicellular organisms, including mammals. These studies will uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention to modulate intercellular autophagic pathways in altered human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Selarka
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Bhupendra V Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India; Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
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2
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Laczkó-Dobos H, Bhattacharjee A, Maddali AK, Kincses A, Abuammar H, Sebők-Nagy K, Páli T, Dér A, Hegedűs T, Csordás G, Juhász G. PtdIns4P is required for the autophagosomal recruitment of STX17 (syntaxin 17) to promote lysosomal fusion. Autophagy 2024; 20:1639-1650. [PMID: 38411137 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2322493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The autophagosomal SNARE STX17 (syntaxin 17) promotes lysosomal fusion and degradation, but its autophagosomal recruitment is incompletely understood. Notably, PtdIns4P is generated on autophagosomes and promotes fusion through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that soluble recombinant STX17 is spontaneously recruited to negatively charged liposomes and adding PtdIns4P to liposomes containing neutral lipids is sufficient for its recruitment. Consistently, STX17 colocalizes with PtdIns4P-positive autophagosomes in cells, and specific inhibition of PtdIns4P synthesis on autophagosomes prevents its loading. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that C-terminal positively charged amino acids establish contact with membrane bilayers containing negatively charged PtdIns4P. Accordingly, Ala substitution of Lys and Arg residues in the C terminus of STX17 abolishes membrane binding and impairs its autophagosomal recruitment. Finally, only wild type but not Ala substituted STX17 expression rescues the autophagosome-lysosome fusion defect of STX17 loss-of-function cells. We thus identify a key step of autophagosome maturation that promotes lysosomal fusion.Abbreviations: Cardiolipin: 1',3'-bis[1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GST: glutathione S-transferase; GUV: giant unilamellar vesicles; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PA: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate; PC/POPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PG: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol); PI: L-α-phosphatidylinositol; PI4K2A: phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 alpha; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; POPE/PE: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; PS: 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine; PtdIns(3,5)P2: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1"-myo-inositol-3',5'-bisphosphate); PtdIns3P: 1,2- dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-3'-phosphate); PtdIns4P: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1"-myo-inositol-4'-phosphate); SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; STX17: syntaxin 17.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asha Kiran Maddali
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hussein Abuammar
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Sebők-Nagy
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Páli
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN Biophysical Virology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csordás
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Tudorica DA, Basak B, Puerta Cordova AS, Khuu G, Rose K, Lazarou M, Holzbaur EL, Hurley JH. A RAB7A phosphoswitch coordinates Rubicon Homology protein regulation of Parkin-dependent mitophagy. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309015. [PMID: 38728007 PMCID: PMC11090050 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of PINK1 and Parkin in response to mitochondrial damage initiates a response that includes phosphorylation of RAB7A at Ser72. Rubicon is a RAB7A binding negative regulator of autophagy. The structure of the Rubicon:RAB7A complex suggests that phosphorylation of RAB7A at Ser72 would block Rubicon binding. Indeed, in vitro phosphorylation of RAB7A by TBK1 abrogates Rubicon:RAB7A binding. Pacer, a positive regulator of autophagy, has an RH domain with a basic triad predicted to bind an introduced phosphate. Consistent with this, Pacer-RH binds to phosho-RAB7A but not to unphosphorylated RAB7A. In cells, mitochondrial depolarization reduces Rubicon:RAB7A colocalization whilst recruiting Pacer to phospho-RAB7A-positive puncta. Pacer knockout reduces Parkin mitophagy with little effect on bulk autophagy or Parkin-independent mitophagy. Rescue of Parkin-dependent mitophagy requires the intact pRAB7A phosphate-binding basic triad of Pacer. Together these structural and functional data support a model in which the TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of RAB7A serves as a switch, promoting mitophagy by relieving Rubicon inhibition and favoring Pacer activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A. Tudorica
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bishal Basak
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexia S. Puerta Cordova
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Grace Khuu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Rose
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James H. Hurley
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Wisner SR, Chlebowski M, Mandal A, Mai D, Stein C, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Drerup CM. An initial HOPS-mediated fusion event is critical for autophagosome transport initiation from the axon terminal. Autophagy 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38899385 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2366122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In neurons, macroautophagy/autophagy is a frequent and critical process. In the axon, autophagy begins in the axon terminal, where most nascent autophagosomes form. After formation, autophagosomes must initiate transport to exit the axon terminal and move toward the cell body via retrograde transport. During retrograde transport these autophagosomes mature through repetitive fusion events. Complete lysosomal cargo degradation occurs largely in the cell body. The precipitating events to stimulate retrograde autophagosome transport have been debated but their importance is clear: disrupting neuronal autophagy or autophagosome transport is detrimental to neuronal health and function. We have identified the HOPS complex as essential for early autophagosome maturation and consequent initiation of retrograde transport from the axon terminal. In yeast and mammalian cells, HOPS controls fusion between autophagosomes and late endosomes with lysosomes. Using zebrafish strains with loss-of-function mutations in vps18 and vps41, core components of the HOPS complex, we found that disruption of HOPS eliminates autophagosome maturation and disrupts retrograde autophagosome transport initiation from the axon terminal. We confirmed this phenotype was due to loss of HOPS complex formation using an endogenous deletion of the HOPS binding domain in Vps18. Finally, using pharmacological inhibition of lysosomal proteases, we show that initiation of autophagosome retrograde transport requires autophagosome maturation. Together, our data demonstrate that HOPS-mediated fusion events are critical for retrograde autophagosome transport initiation through promoting autophagosome maturation. This reveals critical roles for the HOPS complex in neuronal autophagy which deepens our understanding of the cellular pathology of HOPS-complex linked neurodegenerative diseases.Abbreviations: CORVET: Class C core vacuole/endosome tethering; gRNA: guide RNA; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting; pLL: posterior lateral line; Vps18: VPS18 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes; Vps41: VPS41 subunit of HOPS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena R Wisner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Madison Chlebowski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amrita Mandal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Don Mai
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chris Stein
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Shvarev D, König C, Susan N, Langemeyer L, Walter S, Perz A, Fröhlich F, Ungermann C, Moeller A. Structure of the endosomal CORVET tethering complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5227. [PMID: 38898033 PMCID: PMC11187117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells depend on their endolysosomal system for nutrient uptake and downregulation of plasma membrane proteins. These processes rely on endosomal maturation, which requires multiple membrane fusion steps. Early endosome fusion is promoted by the Rab5 GTPase and its effector, the hexameric CORVET tethering complex, which is homologous to the lysosomal HOPS. How these related complexes recognize their specific target membranes remains entirely elusive. Here, we solve the structure of CORVET by cryo-electron microscopy and revealed its minimal requirements for membrane tethering. As expected, the core of CORVET and HOPS resembles each other. However, the function-defining subunits show marked structural differences. Notably, we discover that unlike HOPS, CORVET depends not only on Rab5 but also on phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and membrane lipid packing defects for tethering, implying that an organelle-specific membrane code enables fusion. Our data suggest that both shape and membrane interactions of CORVET and HOPS are conserved in metazoans, thus providing a paradigm how tethering complexes function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shvarev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Caroline König
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nicole Susan
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lars Langemeyer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angela Perz
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Bioanalytical Chemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Arne Moeller
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Structural Biology Section, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Deng P, Fan T, Gao P, Peng Y, Li M, Li J, Qin M, Hao R, Wang L, Li M, Zhang L, Chen C, He M, Lu Y, Ma Q, Luo Y, Tian L, Xie J, Chen M, Xu S, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Pi H. SIRT5-Mediated Desuccinylation of RAB7A Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology by Restoring Autophagic Flux. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402030. [PMID: 38837686 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a neurotoxic contaminant that induces cognitive decline similar to that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagic flux dysfunction is attributed to the pathogenesis of AD, and this study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy on environmental Cd-induced AD progression and the underlying mechanism. Here, Cd exposure inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion and impaired lysosomal function, leading to defects in autophagic clearance and then to APP accumulation and nerve cell death. Proteomic analysis coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified SIRT5 as an essential molecular target in Cd-impaired autophagic flux. Mechanistically, Cd exposure hampered the expression of SIRT5, thus increasing the succinylation of RAB7A at lysine 31 and inhibiting RAB7A activity, which contributed to autophagic flux blockade. Importantly, SIRT5 overexpression led to the restoration of autophagic flux blockade, the alleviation of Aβ deposition and memory deficits, and the desuccinylation of RAB7A in Cd-exposed FAD4T mice. Additionally, SIRT5 levels decrease mainly in neurons but not in other cell clusters in the brains of AD patients according to single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from the public dataset GSE188545. This study reveals that SIRT5-catalysed RAB7A desuccinylation is an essential adaptive mechanism for the amelioration of Cd-induced autophagic flux blockade and AD-like pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongchun Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Min Li
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumour and Intervention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingdian Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingke Qin
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongrong Hao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing, 400060, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center for Neuro Intelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Suárez-Martínez E, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR, Carnero A. Protein homeostasis maintained by HOOK1 levels promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells through reticulum stress and autophagy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:150. [PMID: 38807192 PMCID: PMC11134651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to its resistance to currently used therapies. This resistance has been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), interactions with the microenvironment, and intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic targets, particularly those targeting CSCs, is important for improving patient prognosis. HOOK1 has been found to be transcriptionally altered in a substantial percentage of ovarian tumors, but its role in tumor initiation and development is still not fully understood. METHODS The downregulation of HOOK1 was performed in ovarian cancer cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by growth in vitro and in vivo assays. Subsequently, migration (Boyden chamber), cell death (Western-Blot and flow cytometry) and stemness properties (clonal heterogeneity analysis, tumorspheres assay and flow cytometry) of the downregulated cell lines were analysed. To gain insights into the specific mechanisms of action of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer, a proteomic analysis was performed, followed by Western-blot and cytotoxicity assays to confirm the results found within the mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence staining, Western-blotting and flow cytometry were also employed to finish uncovering the role of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer. RESULTS In this study, we observed that reducing the levels of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and migration and prevented tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, HOOK1 reduction led to a decrease in stem-like capabilities in these cells, which, however, did not seem related to the expression of genes traditionally associated with this phenotype. A proteome study, along with other analysis, showed that the downregulation of HOOK1 also induced an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in these cells. Finally, the decrease in stem-like properties observed in cells with downregulated HOOK1 could be explained by an increase in cell death in the CSC population within the culture due to endoplasmic reticulum stress by the unfolded protein response. CONCLUSION HOOK1 contributes to maintaining the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells by preserving protein homeostasis and could be considered an alternative therapeutic target, especially in combination with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum or proteotoxic stress such as proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V Bijnsdorp
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Qiu F, Kang N, Zhang Q. Targeting TRPs in autophagy regulation and human diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176681. [PMID: 38821165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) are widely recognized as a group of ion channels involved in various sensory perceptions, such as temperature, taste, pressure, and vision. While macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is primarily regulated by core machinery, the ion exchange mediated by TRPs between intracellular and extracellular compartments, as well as within organelles and the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in autophagy regulation as an important signaling transduction mechanism. Moreover, certain TRPs can directly interact with autophagy regulatory proteins to participate in autophagy regulation. In this article, we provide an in-depth review of the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy, with a specific focus on TRPs. Furthermore, we highlight the potential prospects for drug development targeting TRPs in autophagy for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Fu J, Lin J, Dai Z, Lin B, Zhang J. Hypoxia-associated autophagy flux dysregulation in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216823. [PMID: 38521197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A general feature of cancer is hypoxia, determined as low oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels may cause cells to alter in ways that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Hypoxia leads to variations in cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment might induce immunosuppression. Moreover, hypoxia has the potential to impact cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy refers to the catabolic process by which damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules are broken down. The abnormal activation of autophagy has been extensively recorded in human tumors and it serves as a regulator of cell growth, spread to other parts of the body, and resistance to treatment. There is a correlation between hypoxia and autophagy in human malignancies. Hypoxia can regulate the activity of AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, and ATGs to govern autophagy in human malignancies. Furthermore, HIF-1α, serving as an indicator of low oxygen levels, controls the process of autophagy. Hypoxia-induced autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the growth, spread, and resistance to treatment in human malignancies. Hypoxia-induced regulation of autophagy can impact other mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis. Chemoresistance and radioresistance have become significant challenges in recent years. Hypoxia-mediated autophagy plays a crucial role in determining the response to these therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Baisheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.
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10
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Sőth Á, Molnár M, Lőrincz P, Simon-Vecsei Z, Juhász G. CORVET-specific subunit levels determine the balance between HOPS/CORVET endosomal tethering complexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10146. [PMID: 38698024 PMCID: PMC11066007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The closely related endolysosomal tethering complexes HOPS and CORVET play pivotal roles in the homo- and heterotypic fusion of early and late endosomes, respectively, and HOPS also mediates the fusion of lysosomes with incoming vesicles including late endosomes and autophagosomes. These heterohexameric complexes share their four core subunits that assemble with additional two, complex-specific subunits. These features and the similar structure of the complexes could allow the formation of hybrid complexes, and the complex specific subunits may compete for binding to the core. Indeed, our biochemical analyses revealed the overlap of binding sites for HOPS-specific VPS41 and CORVET-specific VPS8 on the shared core subunit VPS18. We found that the overexpression of CORVET-specific VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 decreased the amount of core proteins VPS11 and VPS18 that are assembled with HOPS-specific subunits VPS41 or VPS39, indicating reduced amount of assembled HOPS. In line with this, we observed the elevation of both lipidated, autophagosome-associated LC3 protein and the autophagic cargo p62 in these cells, suggesting impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast, overexpression of HOPS-specific VPS39 or VPS41 did not affect the level of assembled CORVET or autophagy. VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 overexpression also induced Cathepsin D accumulation, suggesting that HOPS-dependent biosynthetic delivery of lysosomal hydrolases is perturbed, too. These indicate that CORVET-specific subunit levels fine-tune HOPS assembly and activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ármin Sőth
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Márton Molnár
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Momentum Vesicle Trafficking Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Momentum Vesicle Trafficking Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Simon-Vecsei
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Momentum Vesicle Trafficking Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Momentum Lysosomal Degradation Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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11
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Heo H, Park H, Lee MS, Kim J, Kim J, Jung SY, Kim SK, Lee S, Chang J. TRIM22 facilitates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by mediating the association of GABARAPs and PLEKHM1. Autophagy 2024; 20:1098-1113. [PMID: 38009729 PMCID: PMC11135824 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2287925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large family of E3 ubiquitin ligases implicated in antiviral defense systems, tumorigenesis, and protein quality control. TRIM proteins contribute to protein quality control by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and macroautophagy/autophagy. However, the detailed mechanisms through which various TRIM proteins regulate downstream events have not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, we identified a novel function of TRIM22 in the regulation of autophagy. TRIM22 promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion by mediating the association of GABARAP family proteins with PLEKHM1, thereby inducing the autophagic clearance of protein aggregates, independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, a TRIM22 variant associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer disease interferes with autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic clearance. These findings suggest TRIM22 as a critical autophagic regulator that orchestrates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by scaffolding autophagy-related proteins, thus representing a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; ADAOO: AD age of onset; AICD: APP intracellular domain; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; BSA: bovine serum albumin; cDNAs: complementary DNAs; CQ: chloroquine; CTF: carboxyl-terminal fragment; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting; IFN: interferon; IL1A/IL-1α: interleukin 1 alpha; KO: knockout; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NFKBIA/IκBα: NFKB inhibitor alpha; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PI3K: class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PLEKHM1: pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1; PSEN1: presenilin 1; SEM: standard errors of the means; SNAREs: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors; SNCA: synuclein alpha; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; TBS: tris-buffered saline; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TRIM: tripartite motif; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Shin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerak Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, de Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Lopez-Gonzalez L, García-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Torres-Carranza D, Saez MA, Diaz-Pedrero R, Albillos A, Alvarez-Mon M. Autophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, Pharmacological Modulation, and Lifestyle Medicine. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2532-2554. [PMID: 38725847 PMCID: PMC11077378 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stress conditions by the degradation of intracellular components. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy's cellular and molecular basis, biological significance, pharmacological modulation, and its relevance in lifestyle medicine. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern autophagy, including macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we highlight the biological significance of autophagy in aging, immunity, metabolism, apoptosis, tissue differentiation and systemic diseases, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss the latest advancements in pharmacological modulation of autophagy and their potential implications in clinical settings. Finally, we explore the intimate connection between lifestyle factors and autophagy, emphasizing how nutrition, exercise, sleep patterns and environmental factors can significantly impact the autophagic process. The integration of lifestyle medicine into autophagy research opens new avenues for promoting health and longevity through personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego de Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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13
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Zhu Y, Liu F, Jian F, Rong Y. Recent progresses in the late stages of autophagy. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100152. [PMID: 38435435 PMCID: PMC10904915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. It serves as a vital mechanism for adapting to stress and ensuring intracellular quality control. Autophagy deficiencies or defects are linked to numerous human disorders, especially those associated with neuronal degeneration or metabolic diseases. Yoshinori Ohsumi was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2016 for his groundbreaking discoveries regarding autophagy mechanisms. Over the past few decades, autophagy research has predominantly concentrated on the early stages of autophagy, with relatively limited attention given to the late stages. Nevertheless, recent studies have witnessed substantial advancements in understanding the molecular intricacies of the late stages, which follows autophagosome formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent progresses in comprehending the molecular mechanisms of the late stages of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fenglei Jian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueguang Rong
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Su MSW, Cheng YL, Lin YS, Wu JJ. Interplay between group A Streptococcus and host innate immune responses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0005222. [PMID: 38451081 PMCID: PMC10966951 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYGroup A Streptococcus (GAS), also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is a clinically well-adapted human pathogen that harbors rich virulence determinants contributing to a broad spectrum of diseases. GAS is capable of invading epithelial, endothelial, and professional phagocytic cells while evading host innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, selective autophagy, light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammation. However, without a more complete understanding of the different ways invasive GAS infections develop, it is difficult to appreciate how GAS survives and multiplies in host cells that have interactive immune networks. This review article attempts to provide an overview of the behaviors and mechanisms that allow pathogenic GAS to invade cells, along with the strategies that host cells practice to constrain GAS infection. We highlight the counteractions taken by GAS to apply virulence factors such as streptolysin O, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B as a hindrance to host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Shu-Wei Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Ke PY. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2024; 13:500. [PMID: 38534345 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy represents a catabolic process that evolutionarily regulates cellular homeostasis. The successful completion of autophagy initiates the engulfment of cytoplasmic materials within double-membrane autophagosomes and subsequent delivery to autolysosomes for degradation by acidic proteases. The formation of autolysosomes relies on the precise fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. In recent decades, numerous studies have provided insights into the molecular regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this review, an overview of the molecules that function in the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes is provided. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying how these functional molecules regulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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16
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Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang W, Li Y, Deng X, Zeng J, Huang L, Ma X. Natural products targeting macroautophagy signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Recent evidence and perspectives. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1623-1650. [PMID: 38302697 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), presently the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, continues to pose significant challenges in the realm of medical oncology, impacting both clinical drug selection and mechanistic research. Recent investigations have unveiled autophagy-related signaling as a promising avenue for HCC treatment. A growing body of research has highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy-modulating natural products in inhibiting HCC progression. In this context, we provide a concise overview of the fundamental autophagy mechanism and delineate the involvement of autophagic signaling pathways in HCC development. Additionally, we review pertinent studies demonstrating how natural products regulate autophagy to mitigate HCC. Our findings indicate that natural products exhibit cytotoxic effects through the induction of excessive autophagy, simultaneously impeding HCC cell proliferation by autophagy inhibition, thereby depriving HCC cells of essential energy. These effects have been associated with various signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Beclin-1, and ferroautophagy. These results underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of natural products in HCC treatment. However, it is important to note that the present study did not establish definitive thresholds for autophagy induction or inhibition by natural products. Further research in this domain is imperative to gain comprehensive insights into the dual role of autophagy, equipping us with a better understanding of this double-edged sword in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Hoffman HK, Prekeris R. HOPS-dependent lysosomal fusion controls Rab19 availability for ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261047. [PMID: 37665101 PMCID: PMC10499034 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory cellular organelles crucial for organ development and homeostasis. Ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells requires Rab19-mediated clearing of apical cortical actin to allow the cilium to grow from the apically docked basal body into the extracellular space. Loss of the lysosomal membrane-tethering homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex disrupts this actin clearing and ciliogenesis, but it remains unclear how the ciliary function of HOPS relates to its canonical function in regulating late endosome-lysosome fusion. Here, we show that disruption of HOPS-dependent lysosomal fusion indirectly impairs actin clearing and ciliogenesis by disrupting the targeting of Rab19 to the basal body, and that this effect is specific to polarized epithelial cells. We also find that Rab19 functions in endolysosomal cargo trafficking in addition to having its previously identified role in ciliogenesis. In summary, we show that inhibition of lysosomal fusion leads to the abnormal accumulation of Rab19 on late endosomes, thus depleting Rab19 from the basal body and thereby disrupting Rab19-mediated actin clearing and ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxley K. Hoffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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18
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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van der Beek J, de Heus C, Sanza P, Liv N, Klumperman J. Loss of the HOPS complex disrupts early-to-late endosome transition, impairs endosomal recycling and induces accumulation of amphisomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar40. [PMID: 38198575 PMCID: PMC10916860 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The multisubunit HOPS tethering complex is a well-established regulator of lysosome fusion with late endosomes and autophagosomes. However, the role of the HOPS complex in other stages of endo-lysosomal trafficking is not well understood. To address this, we made HeLa cells knocked out for the HOPS-specific subunits Vps39 or Vps41, or the HOPS-CORVET-core subunits Vps18 or Vps11. In all four knockout cells, we found that endocytosed cargos were trapped in enlarged endosomes that clustered in the perinuclear area. By correlative light-electron microscopy, these endosomes showed a complex ultrastructure and hybrid molecular composition, displaying markers for early (Rab5, PtdIns3P, EEA1) as well as late (Rab7, CD63, LAMP1) endosomes. These "HOPS bodies" were not acidified, contained enzymatically inactive cathepsins and accumulated endocytosed cargo and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). Consequently, CI-MPR was depleted from the TGN, and secretion of lysosomal enzymes to the extracellular space was enhanced. Strikingly, HOPS bodies also contained the autophagy proteins p62 and LC3, defining them as amphisomes. Together, these findings show that depletion of the lysosomal HOPS complex has a profound impact on the functional organization of the entire endosomal system and suggest the existence of a HOPS-independent mechanism for amphisome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Beek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Sanza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Nicolson S, Manning JA, Lim Y, Jiang X, Kolze E, Dayan S, Umargamwala R, Xu T, Sandow JJ, Webb AI, Kumar S, Denton D. The Drosophila ZNRF1/2 homologue, detour, interacts with HOPS complex and regulates autophagy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:183. [PMID: 38360932 PMCID: PMC10869362 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of elimination of cellular components by lysosomal degradation, is essential for animal development and homeostasis. Using the autophagy-dependent Drosophila larval midgut degradation model we identified an autophagy regulator, the RING domain ubiquitin ligase CG14435 (detour). Depletion of detour resulted in increased early-stage autophagic vesicles, premature tissue contraction, and overexpression of detour or mammalian homologues, ZNRF1 and ZNRF2, increased autophagic vesicle size. The ablation of ZNRF1 or ZNRF2 in mammalian cells increased basal autophagy. We identified detour interacting proteins including HOPS subunits, deep orange (dor/VPS18), Vacuolar protein sorting 16A (VPS16A), and light (lt/VPS41) and found that detour promotes their ubiquitination. The detour mutant accumulated autophagy-related proteins in young adults, displayed premature ageing, impaired motor function, and activation of innate immunity. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for detour in autophagy, likely through regulation of HOPS complex, with implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Nicolson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jantina A Manning
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Yoon Lim
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Xin Jiang
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Erica Kolze
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sonia Dayan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Ruchi Umargamwala
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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21
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Szenci G, Glatz G, Takáts S, Juhász G. The Ykt6-Snap29-Syx13 SNARE complex promotes crinophagy via secretory granule fusion with Lamp1 carrier vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3200. [PMID: 38331993 PMCID: PMC10853563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Drosophila larval salivary gland, developmentally programmed fusions between lysosomes and secretory granules (SGs) and their subsequent acidification promote the maturation of SGs that are secreted shortly before puparium formation. Subsequently, ongoing fusions between non-secreted SGs and lysosomes give rise to degradative crinosomes, where the superfluous secretory material is degraded. Lysosomal fusions control both the quality and quantity of SGs, however, its molecular mechanism is incompletely characterized. Here we identify the R-SNARE Ykt6 as a novel regulator of crinosome formation, but not the acidification of maturing SGs. We show that Ykt6 localizes to Lamp1+ carrier vesicles, and forms a SNARE complex with Syntaxin 13 and Snap29 to mediate fusion with SGs. These Lamp1 carriers represent a distinct vesicle population that are functionally different from canonical Arl8+, Cathepsin L+ lysosomes, which also fuse with maturing SGs but are controlled by another SNARE complex composed of Syntaxin 13, Snap29 and Vamp7. Ykt6- and Vamp7-mediated vesicle fusions also determine the fate of SGs, as loss of either of these SNAREs prevents crinosomes from acquiring endosomal PI3P. Our results highlight that fusion events between SGs and different lysosome-related vesicle populations are critical for fine regulation of the maturation and crinophagic degradation of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Szenci
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Glatz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takáts
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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22
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Diao J, Yip CK, Zhong Q. Molecular structures and function of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion machinery. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:2305594. [PMID: 38344192 PMCID: PMC10852212 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2305594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (also known as autophagy) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The terminal step of the multi-step autophagy degradation pathway involves fusion between the cargo-laden, double-membraned autophagosome and the lytic organelle lysosome/vacuole. Over the past decade, various core components of the molecular machinery that execute this critical terminal autophagy event have been identified. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular structures, biochemical functions, and regulatory mechanisms of key components of this highly sophisticated machinery including the SNARE fusogens, tethering factors, Rab GTPases and associated guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and other accessory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Calvin K. Yip
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Pareek G, Kundu M. Physiological functions of ULK1/2. J Mol Biol 2024:168472. [PMID: 38311233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that are best known for their evolutionarily conserved role in the autophagy pathway. Upon sensing the nutrient status of a cell, ULK1/2 integrate signals from upstream cellular energy sensors such as mTOR and AMPK and relay them to the downstream components of the autophagy machinery. ULK1/2 also play indispensable roles in the selective autophagy pathway, removing damaged mitochondria, invading pathogens, and toxic protein aggregates. Additional functions of ULK1/2 have emerged beyond autophagy, including roles in protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and signaling events impacting innate immunity, axon guidance, cellular homeostasis, and cell fate. Therefore, it is no surprise that alterations in ULK1/2 expression and activity have been linked with pathophysiological processes, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that ULK1/2 function as biological rheostats, tuning cellular functions to intra and extra-cellular cues. Given their broad physiological relevance, ULK1/2 are candidate targets for small molecule activators or inhibitors that may pave the way for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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24
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Skeyni A, Pradignac A, Matz RL, Terrand J, Boucher P. Cholesterol trafficking, lysosomal function, and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C473-C486. [PMID: 38145298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of study and major research advances over the past 50 years, atherosclerotic diseases continue to rank as the leading global cause of death. Accumulation of cholesterol within the vascular wall remains the main problem and represents one of the early steps in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. There is a complex relationship between vesicular cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis, and abnormalities in cholesterol trafficking can contribute to the development and progression of the lesions. The dysregulation of vesicular cholesterol transport and lysosomal function fosters the buildup of cholesterol within various intracytoplasmic compartments, including lysosomes and lipid droplets. This, in turn, promotes the hallmark formation of foam cells, a defining feature of early atherosclerosis. Multiple cellular processes, encompassing endocytosis, exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and autophagy, play crucial roles in influencing foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque stability. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the intricate mechanisms of vesicular cholesterol transport and its relationship with atherosclerosis and discuss the importance of understanding these mechanisms in developing strategies to prevent or treat this prevalent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Skeyni
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Pradignac
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rachel L Matz
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Zhang J, Cruz-Cosme R, Zhang C, Liu D, Tang Q, Zhao RY. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a elicits heightened cytopathic effects despite robust ER-associated degradation. mBio 2024; 15:e0303023. [PMID: 38078754 PMCID: PMC10790703 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03030-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has tragically claimed millions of lives through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and there remains a critical gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for the associated fatality. One key viral factor of interest is the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein, which has been identified as a potent inducer of host cellular proinflammatory responses capable of triggering the catastrophic cytokine storm, a primary contributor to COVID-19-related deaths. Moreover, ORF3a, much like the spike protein, exhibits a propensity for frequent mutations, with certain variants linked to the severity of COVID-19. Our previous research unveiled two distinct types of ORF3a mutant proteins, categorized by their subcellular localizations, setting the stage for a comparative investigation into the functional and mechanistic disparities between these two types of ORF3a variants. Given the clinical significance and functional implications of the natural ORF3a mutations, the findings of this study promise to provide invaluable insights into the potential roles undertaken by these mutant ORF3a proteins in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth Cruz-Cosme
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Nakashima R, Hosoda R, Tatekoshi Y, Iwahara N, Saga Y, Kuno A. Transcriptional dysregulation of autophagy in the muscle of a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1365. [PMID: 38228650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that autophagic activity is disturbed in the skeletal muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Transcriptional regulations of autophagy by FoxO transcription factors (FoxOs) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) play critical roles in adaptation to cellular stress conditions. Here, we investigated whether autophagic activity is dysregulated at the transcription level in dystrophin-deficient muscles. Expression levels of autophagy-related genes were globally decreased in tibialis anterior and soleus muscles of mdx mice compared with those of wild-type mice. DNA microarray data from the NCBI database also showed that genes related to autophagy were globally downregulated in muscles from patients with DMD. These downregulated genes are known as targets of FoxOs and TFEB. Immunostaining showed that nuclear localization of FoxO1 and FoxO3a was decreased in mdx mice. Western blot analyses demonstrated increases in phosphorylation levels of FoxO1 and FoxO3a in mdx mice. Nuclear localization of TFEB was also reduced in mdx mice, which was associated with elevated phosphorylation levels of TFEB. Collectively, the results suggest that autophagy is disturbed in dystrophin-deficient muscles via transcriptional downregulation due to phosphorylation-mediated suppression of FoxOs and TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukika Saga
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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27
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Hu L, Gao D, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang J. Finding New Targets for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1349-1356. [PMID: 37432587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive disease with an annual mortality rate of about 10% and is the end-stage stage of various heart diseases, which places a huge socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. The development of heart failure has received increasing attention as a potential way to improve the treatment of this disease. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. With the in-depth study of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both are considered promising targets for pharmacological interventions to treat heart failure, but the mechanism of heart failure between the two is not clear. This review will highlight the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and their interactions in the development and development of heart failure, thereby helping to provide direction for the future development of targeted therapies for patients with heart failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study explored the new targets for the treatment of heart failure: endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Targeted drug therapy for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy is expected to provide a new intervention target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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28
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Qian X, He L, Yang J, Sun J, Peng X, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Cui Y. UVRAG cooperates with cargo receptors to assemble the ER-phagy site. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113625. [PMID: 37902287 PMCID: PMC10690450 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy is a selective autophagy process that targets specific regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for removal via lysosomal degradation. During cellular stress induced by starvation, cargo receptors concentrate at distinct ER-phagy sites (ERPHS) to recruit core autophagy proteins and initiate ER-phagy. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for ERPHS formation remains unclear. In our study, we discovered that the autophagy regulator UV radiation Resistance-Associated Gene (UVRAG) plays a crucial role in orchestrating the assembly of ERPHS. Upon starvation, UVRAG localizes to ERPHS and interacts with specific ER-phagy cargo receptors, such as FAM134B, ATL3, and RTN3L. UVRAG regulates the oligomerization of cargo receptors and facilitates the recruitment of Atg8 family proteins. Consequently, UVRAG promotes efficient ERPHS assembly and turnover of both ER sheets and tubules. Importantly, UVRAG-mediated ER-phagy contributes to the clearance of pathogenic proinsulin aggregates. Remarkably, the involvement of UVRAG in ER-phagy initiation is independent of its canonical function as a subunit of class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lingang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiejie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xueying Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizhou Mao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yixian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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29
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Terawaki S, Vasilev F, Moriwaki T, Otomo T. HOPS, CORVET and newly-identified Hybrid tethering complexes contribute differentially towards multiple modes of endocytosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18734. [PMID: 37907479 PMCID: PMC10618185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular transport driven by membrane trafficking systems conserved in eukaryotes is critical to cellular functionality and homeostasis. It is known that homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core endosomal vacuole tethering (CORVET) interact with Rab-GTPases and SNARE proteins to regulate vesicle transport, fusion, and maturation in autophagy and endocytosis pathways. In this study, we identified two novel "Hybrid" tethering complexes in mammalian cells in which one of the subunits of HOPS or CORVET is replaced with the subunit from the other. Substrates taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis or pinocytosis were transported by distinctive pathways, and the newly identified hybrid complexes contributed to pinocytosis in the presence of HOPS, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis was exclusively dependent on HOPS. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the endocytic pathway and the function of the vacuolar protein sorting-associated (VPS) protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Terawaki
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Filipp Vasilev
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takahito Moriwaki
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otomo
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
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30
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Zhang S, Tong M, Zheng D, Huang H, Li L, Ungermann C, Pan Y, Luo H, Lei M, Tang Z, Fu W, Chen S, Liu X, Zhong Q. C9orf72-catalyzed GTP loading of Rab39A enables HOPS-mediated membrane tethering and fusion in mammalian autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6360. [PMID: 37821429 PMCID: PMC10567733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-subunit homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) membrane-tethering complex is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mammals, yet reconstituting the mammalian HOPS complex remains a challenge. Here we propose a "hook-up" model for mammalian HOPS complex assembly, which requires two HOPS sub-complexes docking on membranes via membrane-associated Rabs. We identify Rab39A as a key small GTPase that recruits HOPS onto autophagic vesicles. Proper pairing with Rab2 and Rab39A enables HOPS complex assembly between proteoliposomes for its tethering function, facilitating efficient membrane fusion. GTP loading of Rab39A is important for the recruitment of HOPS to autophagic membranes. Activation of Rab39A is catalyzed by C9orf72, a guanine exchange factor associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial frontotemporal dementia. Constitutive activation of Rab39A can rescue autophagy defects caused by C9orf72 depletion. These results therefore reveal a crucial role for the C9orf72-Rab39A-HOPS axis in autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mindan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Denghao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry section, Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Mulligan RJ, Winckler B. Regulation of Endosomal Trafficking by Rab7 and Its Effectors in Neurons: Clues from Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37759799 PMCID: PMC10527268 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular endosomal trafficking controls the balance between protein degradation and synthesis, i.e., proteostasis, but also many of the cellular signaling pathways that emanate from activated growth factor receptors after endocytosis. Endosomal trafficking, sorting, and motility are coordinated by the activity of small GTPases, including Rab proteins, whose function as molecular switches direct activity at endosomal membranes through effector proteins. Rab7 is particularly important in the coordination of the degradative functions of the pathway. Rab7 effectors control endosomal maturation and the properties of late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, such as coordination of recycling, motility, and fusion with downstream compartments. The spatiotemporal regulation of endosomal receptor trafficking is particularly challenging in neurons because of their enormous size, their distinct intracellular domains with unique requirements (dendrites vs. axons), and their long lifespans as postmitotic, differentiated cells. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B disease (CMT2B), familial missense mutations in Rab7 cause alterations in GTPase cycling and trafficking, leading to an ulcero-mutilating peripheral neuropathy. The prevailing hypothesis to account for CMT2B pathologies is that CMT2B-associated Rab7 alleles alter endocytic trafficking of the neurotrophin NGF and its receptor TrkA and, thereby, disrupt normal trophic signaling in the peripheral nervous system, but other Rab7-dependent pathways are also impacted. Here, using TrkA as a prototypical endocytic cargo, we review physiologic Rab7 effector interactions and control in neurons. Since neurons are among the largest cells in the body, we place particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial regulation of endosomal sorting and trafficking in neuronal processes. We further discuss the current findings in CMT2B mutant Rab7 models, the impact of mutations on effector interactions or balance, and how this dysregulation may confer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Renna FJ, Enriqué Steinberg JH, Gonzalez CD, Manifava M, Tadic MS, Orquera T, Vecino CV, Ropolo A, Guardavaccaro D, Rossi M, Ktistakis NT, Vaccaro MI. Ubiquitination Is a Novel Post-Translational Modification of VMP1 in Autophagy of Human Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12981. [PMID: 37629161 PMCID: PMC10455450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy. Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is an essential autophagy protein. The expression of VMP1 in pancreatic cancer stem cells carrying the activated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) triggers autophagy and enables therapy resistance. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we identified ubiquitination as a post-translational modification of VMP1 from the initial steps in autophagosome biogenesis. VMP1 remains ubiquitinated as part of the autophagosome membrane throughout autophagic flux until autolysosome formation. However, VMP1 is not degraded by autophagy, nor by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation showed that the cell division cycle protein cdt2 (Cdt2), the substrate recognition subunit of the E3 ligase complex associated with cancer, cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex 4 (CRL4), is a novel interactor of VMP1 and is involved in VMP1 ubiquitination. VMP1 ubiquitination decreases under the CRL inhibitor MLN4924 and increases with Cdt2 overexpression. Moreover, VMP1 recruitment and autophagosome formation is significantly affected by CRL inhibition. Our results indicate that ubiquitination is a novel post-translational modification of VMP1 during autophagy in human tumor cells. VMP1 ubiquitination may be of clinical relevance in tumor-cell-therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J. Renna
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Juliana H. Enriqué Steinberg
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar C1006ACC, Argentina
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Maria Manifava
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mariana S. Tadic
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Tamara Orquera
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Carolina V. Vecino
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Alejandro Ropolo
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | | | - Mario Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar C1006ACC, Argentina
| | | | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
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Demir E, Kacew S. Drosophila as a Robust Model System for Assessing Autophagy: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:682. [PMID: 37624187 PMCID: PMC10458868 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is the process through which a body breaks down and recycles its own cellular components, primarily inside lysosomes. It is a cellular response to starvation and stress, which plays decisive roles in various biological processes such as senescence, apoptosis, carcinoma, and immune response. Autophagy, which was first discovered as a survival mechanism during starvation in yeast, is now known to serve a wide range of functions in more advanced organisms. It plays a vital role in how cells respond to stress, starvation, and infection. While research on yeast has led to the identification of many key components of the autophagy process, more research into autophagy in more complex systems is still warranted. This review article focuses on the use of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a robust testing model in further research on autophagy. Drosophila provides an ideal environment for exploring autophagy in a living organism during its development. Additionally, Drosophila is a well-suited compact tool for genetic analysis in that it serves as an intermediate between yeast and mammals because evolution conserved the molecular machinery required for autophagy in this species. Experimental tractability of host-pathogen interactions in Drosophila also affords great convenience in modeling human diseases on analogous structures and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esref Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sam Kacew
- R. Samuel McLaughllin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart (320), Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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34
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Elcocks H, Brazel AJ, McCarron KR, Kaulich M, Husnjak K, Mortiboys H, Clague MJ, Urbé S. FBXL4 ubiquitin ligase deficiency promotes mitophagy by elevating NIX levels. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112799. [PMID: 37102372 PMCID: PMC10308357 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy of mitochondria, mitophagy, is linked to mitochondrial quality control and as such is critical to a healthy organism. We have used a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to screen human E3 ubiquitin ligases for influence on mitophagy under both basal cell culture conditions and upon acute mitochondrial depolarization. We identify two cullin-RING ligase substrate receptors, VHL and FBXL4, as the most profound negative regulators of basal mitophagy. We show that these converge, albeit via different mechanisms, on control of the mitophagy adaptors BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX. FBXL4 restricts NIX and BNIP3 levels via direct interaction and protein destabilization, while VHL acts through suppression of HIF1α-mediated transcription of BNIP3 and NIX. Depletion of NIX but not BNIP3 is sufficient to restore mitophagy levels. Our study contributes to an understanding of the aetiology of early-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy that is supported by analysis of a disease-associated mutation. We further show that the compound MLN4924, which globally interferes with cullin-RING ligase activity, is a strong inducer of mitophagy, thus providing a research tool in this context and a candidate therapeutic agent for conditions linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elcocks
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Present address:
Department of BiologyMaynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland
| | - Katy R McCarron
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University, Medical Faculty, University HospitalFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer InstituteFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Koraljka Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University, Medical Faculty, University HospitalFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Michael J Clague
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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35
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Shariq M, Malik AA, Sheikh JA, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Regulation of autophagy by SARS-CoV-2: The multifunctional contributions of ORF3a. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28959. [PMID: 37485696 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-2) regulates autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, causing the accumulation of membranous vesicles for replication. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins regulate autophagy with significant roles attributed to ORF3a. Mechanistically, open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) forms a complex with UV radiation resistance associated, regulating the functions of the PIK3C3-1 and PIK3C3-2 lipid kinase complexes, thereby modulating autophagosome biogenesis. ORF3a sequesters VPS39 onto the late endosome/lysosome, inhibiting assembly of the soluble NSF attachement protein REceptor (SNARE) complex and preventing autolysosome formation. ORF3a promotes the interaction between BECN1 and HMGB1, inducing the assembly of PIK3CA kinases into the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and activating reticulophagy, proinflammatory responses, and ER stress. ORF3a recruits BORCS6 and ARL8B to lysosomes, initiating the anterograde transport of the virus to the plasma membrane. ORF3a also activates the SNARE complex (STX4-SNAP23-VAMP7), inducing fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane for viral egress. These mechanistic details can provide multiple targets for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 by developing host- or host-pathogen interface-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shariq
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signalling Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Asrar A Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javaid A Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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36
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Cruchaga C, Western D, Timsina J, Wang L, Wang C, Yang C, Ali M, Beric A, Gorijala P, Kohlfeld P, Budde J, Levey A, Morris J, Perrin R, Ruiz A, Marquié M, Boada M, de Rojas I, Rutledge J, Oh H, Wilson E, Guen YL, Alvarez I, Aguilar M, Greicius M, Pastor P, Pulford D, Ibanez L, Wyss-Coray T, Sung YJ, Phillips B. Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurologically relevant regulation and informs causal proteins for Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2814616. [PMID: 37333337 PMCID: PMC10275048 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2814616/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The integration of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with disease genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has proven successful at prioritizing candidate genes at disease-associated loci. QTL mapping has mainly been focused on multi-tissue expression QTL or plasma protein QTL (pQTL). Here we generated the largest-to-date cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pQTL atlas by analyzing 7,028 proteins in 3,107 samples. We identified 3,373 independent study-wide associations for 1,961 proteins, including 2,448 novel pQTLs of which 1,585 are unique to CSF, demonstrating unique genetic regulation of the CSF proteome. In addition to the established chr6p22.2-21.32 HLA region, we identified pleiotropic regions on chr3q28 near OSTN and chr19q13.32 near APOE that were enriched for neuron-specificity and neurological development. We also integrated this pQTL atlas with the latest Alzheimer's disease (AD) GWAS through PWAS, colocalization and Mendelian Randomization and identified 42 putative causal proteins for AD, 15 of which have drugs available. Finally, we developed a proteomics-based risk score for AD that outperforms genetics-based polygenic risk scores. These findings will be instrumental to further understand the biology and identify causal and druggable proteins for brain and neurological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patsy Kohlfeld
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Pastor
- University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
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37
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Tonkin-Reeves A, Giuliani CM, Price JT. Inhibition of autophagy; an opportunity for the treatment of cancer resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1177440. [PMID: 37363731 PMCID: PMC10290173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1177440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of macroautophagy plays a pivotal role in the degradation of long-lived, superfluous, and damaged proteins and organelles, which are later recycled for cellular use. Normal cells rely on autophagy to combat various stressors and insults to ensure survival. However, autophagy is often upregulated in cancer cells, promoting a more aggressive phenotype that allows mutated cells to evade death after exposure to therapeutic treatments. As a result, autophagy has emerged as a significant factor in therapeutic resistance across many cancer types, with underlying mechanisms such as DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and immune evasion. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the role of autophagy in therapeutic resistance and the limitations of available autophagic inhibitors in cancer treatment. It also highlights the urgent need to explore new inhibitors that can synergize with existing therapies to achieve better patient treatment outcomes. Advancing research in this field is crucial for developing more effective treatments that can help improve the lives of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Tonkin-Reeves
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlett M. Giuliani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John T. Price
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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38
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Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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39
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Eme L, Tamarit D, Caceres EF, Stairs CW, De Anda V, Schön ME, Seitz KW, Dombrowski N, Lewis WH, Homa F, Saw JH, Lombard J, Nunoura T, Li WJ, Hua ZS, Chen LX, Banfield JF, John ES, Reysenbach AL, Stott MB, Schramm A, Kjeldsen KU, Teske AP, Baker BJ, Ettema TJG. Inference and reconstruction of the heimdallarchaeial ancestry of eukaryotes. Nature 2023; 618:992-999. [PMID: 37316666 PMCID: PMC10307638 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing debates about eukaryogenesis-the series of evolutionary events leading to the emergence of the eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic ancestors-members of the Asgard archaea play a key part as the closest archaeal relatives of eukaryotes1. However, the nature and phylogenetic identity of the last common ancestor of Asgard archaea and eukaryotes remain unresolved2-4. Here we analyse distinct phylogenetic marker datasets of an expanded genomic sampling of Asgard archaea and evaluate competing evolutionary scenarios using state-of-the-art phylogenomic approaches. We find that eukaryotes are placed, with high confidence, as a well-nested clade within Asgard archaea and as a sister lineage to Hodarchaeales, a newly proposed order within Heimdallarchaeia. Using sophisticated gene tree and species tree reconciliation approaches, we show that analogous to the evolution of eukaryotic genomes, genome evolution in Asgard archaea involved significantly more gene duplication and fewer gene loss events compared with other archaea. Finally, we infer that the last common ancestor of Asgard archaea was probably a thermophilic chemolithotroph and that the lineage from which eukaryotes evolved adapted to mesophilic conditions and acquired the genetic potential to support a heterotrophic lifestyle. Our work provides key insights into the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition and a platform for better understanding the emergence of cellular complexity in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Eme
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Tamarit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva F Caceres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney W Stairs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valerie De Anda
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Max E Schön
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kiley W Seitz
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Dombrowski
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - William H Lewis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Homa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy H Saw
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonathan Lombard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Shuang Hua
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lin-Xing Chen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emily St John
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Stott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper U Kjeldsen
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas P Teske
- Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brett J Baker
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thijs J G Ettema
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Santovito D, Steffens S, Barachini S, Madonna R. Autophagy, innate immunity, and cardiac disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149409. [PMID: 37234771 PMCID: PMC10206260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell adaptation to metabolic and environmental stress. It mediates the disposal of protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles, although non-conventional features have recently emerged to broadly extend the pathophysiological relevance of autophagy. In baseline conditions, basal autophagy critically regulates cardiac homeostasis to preserve structural and functional integrity and protect against cell damage and genomic instability occurring with aging. Moreover, autophagy is stimulated by multiple cardiac injuries and contributes to mechanisms of response and remodeling following ischemia, pressure overload, and metabolic stress. Besides cardiac cells, autophagy orchestrates the maturation of neutrophils and other immune cells, influencing their function. In this review, we will discuss the evidence supporting the role of autophagy in cardiac homeostasis, aging, and cardioimmunological response to cardiac injury. Finally, we highlight possible translational perspectives of modulating autophagy for therapeutic purposes to improve the care of patients with acute and chronic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Unit of Milan, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Serena Barachini
- Hematology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology & Critical Care Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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41
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. Role of Microbiota-Modified Bile Acids in the Regulation of Intracellular Organelles and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:825. [PMID: 37107583 PMCID: PMC10137455 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are amphiphilic steroidal molecules generated from cholesterol in the liver and facilitate the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble substances in the gut. Some BAs in the intestine are modified by the gut microbiota. Because BAs are modified in a variety of ways by different types of bacteria present in the gut microbiota, changes in the gut microbiota can affect the metabolism of BAs in the host. Although most BAs absorbed from the gut are transferred to the liver, some are transferred to the systemic circulation. Furthermore, BAs have also been detected in the brain and are thought to migrate into the brain through the systemic circulation. Although BAs are known to affect a variety of physiological functions by acting as ligands for various nuclear and cell-surface receptors, BAs have also been found to act on mitochondria and autophagy in the cell. This review focuses on the BAs modified by the gut microbiota and their roles in intracellular organelles and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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43
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Ke PY. Crosstalk between Autophagy and RLR Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060956. [PMID: 36980296 PMCID: PMC10047499 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a homeostatic role in regulating cellular metabolism by degrading unwanted intracellular materials and acts as a host defense mechanism by eliminating infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Upon viral infection, host cells often activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling to induce the transcription of type I interferons, thus establishing the first line of the innate antiviral response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that virus-mediated autophagy activation may benefit viral replication through different actions on host cellular processes, including the modulation of RLR-mediated innate immunity. Here, an overview of the functional molecules and regulatory mechanism of the RLR antiviral immune response as well as autophagy is presented. Moreover, a summary of the current knowledge on the biological role of autophagy in regulating RLR antiviral signaling is provided. The molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between autophagy and RLR innate immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Li H, Gong W, Sun W, Yao Y, Han Y. Role of VPS39, a key tethering protein for endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria-lysosome crosstalk, in health and disease. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36924104 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes, mainly manifested by mitophagy, mitochondria-derived vesicles, and direct physical contact, is essential for maintaining cellular life activities. The VPS39 subunit of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex could play a key role in the regulation of organelle dynamics, such as endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria-vacuole/lysosome crosstalk, thus contributing to a variety of physiological functions. The abnormalities of VPS39 and related subunits have been reported to be involved in the pathological process of some diseases. Here, we analyze the potential mechanisms and the existing problems of VPS39 in regulating organelle dynamics, which, in turn, regulate physiological functions and disease pathogenesis, so as to provide new clues for facilitating the discovery of therapeutic targets for mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyun Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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45
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Zhang Y, Li H, Lv L, Lu K, Li H, Zhang W, Cui T. Autophagy: Dual roles and perspective for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Biochimie 2023; 206:49-60. [PMID: 36244578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises concerns to people because of its high recurrence and metastasis rate, diagnosis challenges, and poor prognosis. Various studies have shown the association of altered autophagy with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy in CRC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytosolic catabolic process in eukaryotes that plays distinct roles in CRC occurrence and progression. In early tumorigenesis, autophagy may inhibit tumor growth through diverse mechanisms, whereas it exhibits a tumor promoting function in CRC progression. This different functions of autophagy in CRC occurrence and progression make developing therapies targeting autophagy complicated. In this review, we discuss the classification and process of autophagy as well as its dual roles in CRC, functions in the tumor microenvironment, cross-talk with apoptosis, and potential usefulness as a CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Huang H, Pan R, Wang S, Guan Y, Zhao Y, Liu X. Current and potential roles of RNA modification-mediated autophagy dysregulation in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109542. [PMID: 36758911 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular lysosomal degradation and survival pathway, supports nutrient recycling and adaptation to metabolic stress and participates in various stages of tumor development, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and malignant state maintenance. Among the various factors contributing to the dysregulation of autophagy in cancer, RNA modification can regulate autophagy by directly affecting the expression of core autophagy proteins. We propose that autophagy disorder mediated by RNA modification is an important mechanism for cancer development. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the role of RNA modification-mediated autophagy regulation in tumorigenesis. We summarize the molecular basis of autophagy and the core proteins and complexes at different stages of autophagy, especially those involved in cancer development. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk of RNA modification and autophagy and review the recent advances and potential role of the RNA modification/autophagy axis in the development of multiple cancers. Furthermore, the dual role of the RNA modification/autophagy axis in cancer drug resistance is discussed. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the molecular crosstalk of RNA modifications with autophagy will provide important insights into tumor pathophysiology and provide more options for cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ruining Pan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Zheng W, Chen Q, Liu H, Zeng L, Zhou Y, Liu X, Bai Y, Zhang J, Pan Y, Shao C. SDC1-dependent TGM2 determines radiosensitivity in glioblastoma by coordinating EPG5-mediated fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Autophagy 2023; 19:839-857. [PMID: 35913916 PMCID: PMC9980589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain malignancy insensitive to radiotherapy (RT). Although macroautophagy/autophagy was reported to be a fundamental factor prolonging the survival of tumors under radiotherapeutic stress, the autophagic biomarkers coordinated to radioresistance of GBM are still lacking in clinical practice. Here we established radioresistant GBM cells and identified their protein profiles using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic analysis. It was found that SDC1 and TGM2 proteins were overexpressed in radioresistant GBM cells and tissues and they contributed to the poor prognosis of RT. Knocking down SDC1 and TGM2 inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and thus enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells. After irradiation, TGM2 bound with SDC1 and transported it from the cell membrane to lysosomes, and then bound to LC3 through its two LC3-interacting regions (LIRs), coordinating the encounter between autophagosomes and lysosomes, which should be a prerequisite for lysosomal EPG5 to recognize LC3 and subsequently stabilize the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 QabcR SNARE complex assembly. Moreover, when combined with RT, cystamine dihydrochloride (a TGM2 inhibitor) extended the lifespan of GBM-bearing mice. Overall, our findings demonstrated the EPG5 tethering mode with SDC1 and TGM2 during the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism and therapeutic target underlying radioresistant GBM.Abbreviations: BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CQ: chloroquine; Cys-D: cystamine dihydrochloride; EPG5: ectopic P-granules 5 autophagy tethering factor; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LIRs: LC3-interacting regions; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NC: negative control; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RT: radiotherapy; SDC1: syndecan 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TGM2: transglutaminase 2; TMT: tandem mass tag; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Feng H, Liu X, Zhou C, Gu Q, Li Y, Chen J, Teng J, Zheng P. CCDC115 inhibits autophagy-mediated degradation of YAP to promote cell proliferation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:618-630. [PMID: 36650560 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and Hippo signalling pathways both play important roles in cell homeostasis and are often involved in tumourigenesis. However, the crosstalk between these two signal pathways in response to stress conditions, such as nutrient deficiency, is incompletely understood. Here, we show that vesicular localised coiled-coil domain containing 115 (CCDC115) inhibits autophagy as well as Hippo signalling pathway under starvation. Moreover, we show that CCDC115 interacts with the HOPS complex. This interaction competes with STX17, thus inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Hence, CCDC115 inhibits the autophagic degradation of yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby promoting cell proliferation in nutrient-restricted situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenqian Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchen Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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CP204L Is a Multifunctional Protein of African Swine Fever Virus That Interacts with the VPS39 Subunit of the Homotypic Fusion and Vacuole Protein Sorting Complex and Promotes Lysosome Clustering. J Virol 2023; 97:e0194322. [PMID: 36722971 PMCID: PMC9972913 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01943-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus replication depends on a complex interplay between viral and host proteins. In the case of African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus, only a few virus-host protein-protein interactions have been identified to date. In this study, we demonstrate that the ASFV protein CP204L interacts with the cellular homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) protein VPS39, blocking its association with the lysosomal HOPS complex, which modulates endolysosomal trafficking and promotes lysosome clustering. Instead, CP204L and VPS39 are targeted to virus factories and localized at the periphery of the virus DNA replication sites. Furthermore, we show that loss of VPS39 reduces the levels of virus proteins synthesized in the early phase of infection and delays ASFV replication but does not completely inhibit it. Collectively, these results identify a novel virus-host protein interaction that modulates host membrane rearrangement during infection and provide evidence that CP204L is a multifunctional protein engaged in distinct steps of the ASFV life cycle. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) was first identified over a hundred years ago. Since then, much effort has been made to understand the pathogenesis of ASFV. However, the specific roles of many individual ASFV proteins during the infection remain enigmatic. This study provides evidence that CP204L, one of the most abundant ASFV proteins, modulates endosomal trafficking during virus infection. Through protein-protein interaction, CP204L prevents the recruitment of VPS39 to the endosomal and lysosomal membranes, resulting in their accumulation. Consequently, CP204L and VPS39 become sequestered in the ASFV replication and assembly site, known as the virus factory. These results uncover a novel function of viral protein CP204L and extend our understanding of complex interaction between virus and host.
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50
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Tao R, Li J, Fang L, Xiao S. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp5 Induces Incomplete Autophagy by Impairing the Interaction of STX17 and SNAP29. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0438622. [PMID: 36815765 PMCID: PMC10101144 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04386-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen that has devastated the worldwide swine industry for over 30 years. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway, and previous studies have documented that PRRSV infection prompts autophagosome accumulation. However, whether PRRSV induces complete or incomplete autophagy remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of PRRSV nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) induced the accumulation of autophagosomes, and a similar scenario was observed in PRRSV-infected cells. Moreover, both PRRSV infection and nsp5 overexpression activated incomplete autophagy, as evidenced by the blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Mechanistically, nsp5 overexpression, as well as PRRSV infection, inhibited the interaction of syntaxin 17 (STX17) with synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29), two SNARE proteins that mediate autophagosome fusion with lysosomes, to impair the formation of autolysosomes. We further confirmed that nsp5 interacted with STX17, rather than SANP29, and the interacting domains of STX17 were the N-terminal motif and SNARE motif. Taken together, the findings of our study suggest a mechanism by which PRRSV induces incomplete autophagy by blocking autophagosome degradation and provide insights into the development of new therapeutics to combat PRRSV infection. IMPORTANCE A substantial number of viruses have been demonstrated to utilize or hijack autophagy to benefit their replication. In the case of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), previous studies have demonstrated the proviral effects of autophagy on PRRSV proliferation. Thus, an investigation of the mechanism by which PRRSV regulates the autophagy processes can provide new insight into viral pathogenesis. Autophagic flux is a dynamic process that consists of autophagosome formation and subsequent lysosomal degradation. However, the exact effect of PRRSV infection on the autophagic flux remains disputed. In this study, we demonstrated that PRRSV infection, as well as PRRSV nsp5 overexpression, inhibited the interaction of STX17 with SNAP29 to impair the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, thereby blocking autophagic flux. This information will help us to understand PRRSV-host interactions and unravel new targets for PRRS prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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