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Bridges MC, Nair-Menon J, Risner A, Jimenez DW, Daulagala AC, Kingsley C, Davis ME, Kourtidis A. Actin-dependent recruitment of AGO2 to the zonula adherens. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar129. [PMID: 37819702 PMCID: PMC10848941 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0099-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions are cadherin-based structures critical for cellular architecture. E-cadherin junctions in mature epithelial cell monolayers tether to an apical actomyosin ring to form the zonula adherens (ZA). We have previously shown that the adherens junction protein PLEKHA7 associates with and regulates the function of the core RNA interference (RNAi) component AGO2 specifically at the ZA. However, the mechanism mediating AGO2 recruitment to the ZA remained unexplored. Here, we reveal that this ZA-specific recruitment of AGO2 depends on both the structural and tensile integrity of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. We found that depletion of not only PLEKHA7, but also either of the three PLEKHA7-interacting, LIM-domain family proteins, namely LMO7, LIMCH1, and PDLIM1, results in disruption of actomyosin organization and tension, as well as disruption of AGO2 junctional localization and of its miRNA-binding ability. We also show that AGO2 binds Myosin IIB and that PLEKHA7, LMO7, LIMCH1, and PDLIM1 all disrupt interaction of AGO2 with Myosin IIB at the ZA. These results demonstrate that recruitment of AGO2 to the ZA is sensitive to actomyosin perturbations, introducing the concept of mechanosensitive RNAi machinery, with potential implications in tissue remodeling and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Bridges
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Alyssa Risner
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Douglas W. Jimenez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Amanda C. Daulagala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christina Kingsley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Madison E. Davis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
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2
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Liu W, Wang X, Feng Y. Restoring endothelial function: shedding light on cardiovascular stent development. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37161519 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete endothelialization is highly important for maintaining long-term patency and avoiding subsequent complications in implanting cardiovascular stents. It not only refers to endothelial cells (ECs) fully covering the inserted stents, but also includes the newly formed endothelium, which could exert physiological functions, such as anti-thrombosis and anti-stenosis. Clinical outcomes have indicated that endothelial dysfunction, especially the insufficiency of antithrombotic and barrier functions, is responsible for stent failure. Learning from vascular pathophysiology, endothelial dysfunction on stents is closely linked to the microenvironment of ECs. Evidence points to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, altered hemodynamic shear stress, and impaired endothelial barrier affecting the normal growth of ECs, which are the four major causes of endothelial dysfunction. The related molecular mechanisms and efforts dedicated to improving the endothelial function are emphasized in this review. From the perspective of endothelial function, the design principles, advantages, and disadvantages behind current stents are introduced to enlighten the development of new-generation stents, aiming to offer new alternatives for restoring endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Bax NA, Wang A, Huang DL, Pokutta S, Weis WI, Dunn AR. Multi-level Force-dependent Allosteric Enhancement of αE-catenin Binding to F-actin by Vinculin. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167969. [PMID: 36682678 PMCID: PMC9957948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Classical cadherins are transmembrane proteins whose extracellular domains link neighboring cells, and whose intracellular domains connect to the actin cytoskeleton via β-catenin and α-catenin. The cadherin-catenin complex transmits forces that drive tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. In addition, tension-dependent changes in αE-catenin conformation enables it to recruit the actin-binding protein vinculin to cell-cell junctions, which contributes to junctional strengthening. How and whether multiple cadherin-complexes cooperate to reinforce cell-cell junctions in response to load remains poorly understood. Here, we used single-molecule optical trap measurements to examine how multiple cadherin-catenin complexes interact with F-actin under load, and how this interaction is influenced by the presence of vinculin. We show that force oriented toward the (-) end of the actin filament results in mean lifetimes 3-fold longer than when force was applied towards the barbed (+) end. We also measured force-dependent actin binding by a quaternary complex comprising the cadherin-catenin complex and the vinculin head region, which cannot itself bind actin. Binding lifetimes of this quaternary complex increased as additional complexes bound F-actin, but only when load was oriented toward the (-) end. In contrast, the cadherin-catenin complex alone did not show this form of cooperativity. These findings reveal multi-level, force-dependent regulation that enhances the strength of the association of multiple cadherin/catenin complexes with F-actin, conferring positive feedback that may strengthen the junction and polarize F-actin to facilitate the emergence of higher-order cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Bax
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States. https://twitter.com/@bax1337
| | - Amy Wang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States. https://twitter.com/@amywang01
| | - Derek L Huang
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, United States
| | - Sabine Pokutta
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - William I Weis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine.
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Ivanov AI, Lechuga S, Marino‐Melendez A, Naydenov NG. Unique and redundant functions of cytoplasmic actins and nonmuscle myosin II isoforms at epithelial junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:61-74. [PMID: 35673768 PMCID: PMC9489603 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and functions of epithelial barriers depend on the formation of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs). A characteristic feature of AJs and TJs is their association with the cortical cytoskeleton composed of actin filaments and nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) motors. Mechanical forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton are essential for junctional assembly, stability, and remodeling. Epithelial cells express two different actin proteins and three NM-II isoforms, all known to be associated with AJs and TJs. Despite their structural similarity, different actin and NM-II isoforms have distinct biochemical properties, cellular distribution, and functions. The diversity of epithelial actins and myosin motors could be essential for the regulation of different steps of junctional formation, maturation, and disassembly. This review focuses on the roles of actin and NM-II isoforms in controlling the integrity and barrier properties of various epithelia. We discuss the effects of the depletion of individual actin isoforms and NM-II motors on the assembly and barrier function of AJs and TJs in model epithelial monolayers in vitro. We also describe the functional consequences of either total or tissue-specific gene knockout of different actins and NM-II motors, with a focus on the development and integrity of different epithelia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Armando Marino‐Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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5
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Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton at Adhesion Complexes. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010052. [PMID: 35053050 PMCID: PMC8773209 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The shape of cells is altered to allow cells to adapt to their changing environments, including responding to internally generated and externally applied force. Force is sensed by cell surface adhesion proteins that are enriched in sites where cells bind to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesions) and neighboring cells (cell-cell or adherens junctions). Receptors at these adhesion sites stimulate intracellular signal transduction cascades that culminate in dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. New actin filaments form, and/or new and existing filaments can be cleaved, branched, or bundled. Here, we discuss the actin cytoskeleton and its functions. We will examine the current understanding for how the actin cytoskeleton is tethered to adhesion sites. Finally, we will highlight recent studies describing how the actin cytoskeleton at these adhesion sites is remodeled in response to force.
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Tamada M, Shi J, Bourdot KS, Supriyatno S, Palmquist KH, Gutierrez-Ruiz OL, Zallen JA. Toll receptors remodel epithelia by directing planar-polarized Src and PI3K activity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1589-1602.e9. [PMID: 33932332 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are essential for animal development and survival, with conserved roles in innate immunity, tissue patterning, and cell behavior. The mechanisms by which Toll receptors signal to the nucleus are well characterized, but how Toll receptors generate rapid, localized signals at the cell membrane to produce acute changes in cell polarity and behavior is not known. We show that Drosophila Toll receptors direct epithelial convergent extension by inducing planar-polarized patterns of Src and PI3-kinase (PI3K) activity. Toll receptors target Src activity to specific sites at the membrane, and Src recruits PI3K to the Toll-2 complex through tyrosine phosphorylation of the Toll-2 cytoplasmic domain. Reducing Src or PI3K activity disrupts planar-polarized myosin assembly, cell intercalation, and convergent extension, whereas constitutive Src activity promotes ectopic PI3K and myosin cortical localization. These results demonstrate that Toll receptors direct cell polarity and behavior by locally mobilizing Src and PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tamada
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kia S Bourdot
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Supriyatno
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl H Palmquist
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar L Gutierrez-Ruiz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Zallen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Teo JL, Tomatis VM, Coburn L, Lagendijk AK, Schouwenaar IM, Budnar S, Hall TE, Verma S, McLachlan RW, Hogan BM, Parton RG, Yap AS, Gomez GA. Src kinases relax adherens junctions between the neighbors of apoptotic cells to permit apical extrusion. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2557-2569. [PMID: 32903148 PMCID: PMC7851871 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia can eliminate apoptotic cells by apical extrusion. This is a complex morphogenetic event where expulsion of the apoptotic cell is accompanied by rearrangement of its immediate neighbors to form a rosette. A key mechanism for extrusion is constriction of an actomyosin network that neighbor cells form at their interface with the apoptotic cell. Here we report a complementary process of cytoskeletal relaxation that occurs when cortical contractility is down-regulated at the junctions between those neighbor cells themselves. This reflects a mechanosensitive Src family kinase (SFK) signaling pathway that is activated in neighbor cells when the apoptotic cell relaxes shortly after injury. Inhibiting SFK signaling blocks both the expulsion of apoptotic cells and the rosette formation among their neighbor cells. This reveals the complex pattern of spatially distinct contraction and relaxation that must be established in the neighboring epithelium for apoptotic cells to be extruded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Vanesa M. Tomatis
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Luke Coburn
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, AB24 3UE
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Irin-Maya Schouwenaar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Thomas E. Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert W. McLachlan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
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8
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Thompson BJ. YAP/TAZ: Drivers of Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900162. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Thompson
- EMBL AustraliaJohn Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National University 131 Garran Rd, Acton 2602 Canberra ACT Australia
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9
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Han P, Frith JE, Gomez GA, Yap AS, O'Neill GM, Cooper-White JJ. Five Piconewtons: The Difference between Osteogenic and Adipogenic Fate Choice in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11129-11143. [PMID: 31580055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stem cells to sense nanoscale variations in extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions in their local microenvironment is crucial to their survival and their fate; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms defining how such fates are temporally modulated remain poorly understood. In this work, we have utilized self-assembled block copolymer surfaces to present nanodomains of an adhesive peptide found in many ECM proteins at different lateral spacings (from 30 to 60 nm) and studied the temporal response (2 h to 14 days) of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using a panel of real-time localization and activity biosensors. Our findings revealed that within the first 4 to 24 h postadhesion and spreading, hMSCs on smaller nanodomain spacings recruit more activated FAK and Src proteins to produce larger, longer-lived, and increased numbers of focal adhesions (FAs). The adhesions formed on smaller nanospacings rapidly recruit higher amounts of nonmuscle myosin IIA and vinculin and experience tension forces (by >5 pN/FA) significantly higher than those observed on larger nanodomain spacings. The transmission of higher levels of tension into the cytoskeleton at short times was accompanied by higher Rac1, cytosolic β-catenin, and nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ and RUNX2, which together biased the commitment of hMSCs to an osteogenic fate. This investigation provides mechanistic insights to confirm that smaller lateral spacings of adhesive nanodomains alter hMSC mechanosensing and biases mechanotransduction at short times via differential coupling of FAK/Src/Rac1/myosin IIA/YAP/TAZ signaling pathways to support longer-term changes in stem cell differentiation and state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- The UQ Centre in Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering (StemCARE), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Melbourne , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology , South Australia Pathology and The University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA 5001 , Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Kids Research Institute , Children's Hospital at Westmead , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- The UQ Centre in Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering (StemCARE), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing , Melbourne , Clayton, VIC 3168 , Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
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10
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Heuzé ML, Sankara Narayana GHN, D'Alessandro J, Cellerin V, Dang T, Williams DS, Van Hest JC, Marcq P, Mège RM, Ladoux B. Myosin II isoforms play distinct roles in adherens junction biogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:46599. [PMID: 31486768 PMCID: PMC6756789 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junction (AJ) assembly under force is essential for many biological processes like epithelial monolayer bending, collective cell migration, cell extrusion and wound healing. The acto-myosin cytoskeleton acts as a major force-generator during the de novo formation and remodeling of AJ. Here, we investigated the role of non-muscle myosin II isoforms (NMIIA and NMIIB) in epithelial junction assembly. NMIIA and NMIIB differentially regulate biogenesis of AJ through association with distinct actin networks. Analysis of junction dynamics, actin organization, and mechanical forces of control and knockdown cells for myosins revealed that NMIIA provides the mechanical tugging force necessary for cell-cell junction reinforcement and maintenance. NMIIB is involved in E-cadherin clustering, maintenance of a branched actin layer connecting E-cadherin complexes and perijunctional actin fibres leading to the building-up of anisotropic stress. These data reveal unanticipated complementary functions of NMIIA and NMIIB in the biogenesis and integrity of AJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina L Heuzé
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | | | - Joseph D'Alessandro
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Victor Cellerin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Tien Dang
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Cm Van Hest
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Laboratoire Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 7636, Paris, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
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11
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The membrane environment of cadherin adhesion receptors: a working hypothesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:985-995. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Classical cadherin cell adhesion receptors are integral membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell interactions, tissue integrity and morphogenesis. Cadherins are best understood to function as membrane-spanning molecular composites that couple adhesion to the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, the membrane lipid environment of the cadherins is an under-investigated aspect of their cell biology. In this review, we discuss two lines of research that show how the membrane can directly or indirectly contribute to cadherin function. Firstly, we consider how modification of its local lipid environment can potentially influence cadherin signalling, adhesion and dynamics, focusing on a role for phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate. Secondly, we discuss how caveolae may indirectly regulate cadherins by modifying either the lipid composition and/or mechanical tension of the plasma membrane. Thus, we suggest that the membrane is a frontier of cadherin biology that is ripe for re-exploration.
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12
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Wu SK, Priya R. Spatio-Temporal Regulation of RhoGTPases Signaling by Myosin II. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:90. [PMID: 31192208 PMCID: PMC6546806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoGTPase activation of non-muscle myosin II regulates cell division, extrusion, adhesion, migration, and tissue morphogenesis. However, the regulation of myosin II and mechanotransduction is not straightforward. Increasingly, the role of myosin II on the feedback regulation of RhoGTPase signaling is emerging. Indeed, myosin II controls RhoGTPase signaling through multiple mechanisms, namely contractility driven advection, scaffolding, and sequestration of signaling molecules. Here we discuss these mechanisms by which myosin II regulates RhoGTPase signaling in cell adhesion, migration, and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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13
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Vodjani A. Breakdown of the Paracellular Tight and Adherens Junctions in the Gut and Blood Brain Barrier and Damage to the Vascular Barrier in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:306-322. [PMID: 31077000 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia is characterized by leaky intestinal tight and adherens junctions and bacterial translocation. Here we examine whether (deficit) schizophrenia is accompanied by leaky paracellular, transcellular, and vascular barriers in the gut and blood-brain barriers. We measured IgA responses to occludin, claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin (paracellular pathway, PARA); talin, actin, vinculin, and epithelial intermediate filament (transcellular pathway, TRANS); and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP, vascular pathway) in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. IgA responses to claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, the sum of the four PARA proteins, and the ratio PARA/TRANS were significantly higher in deficit schizophrenia patients than in nondeficit schizophrenia patients and controls. A large part of the variance in PHEMN (psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and negative) symptoms, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, verbal fluency, word list memory, word list recall, and executive functions was explained by the PARA/TRANS ratio coupled with plasma IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to malondialdehyde, CCL-11 (eotaxin), IgA levels of the ratio of noxious to more protective tryptophan catabolites (NOX/PRO TRYCATs), and a plasma immune activation index. Moreover, IgA levels to Gram-negative bacteria were significantly associated with IgA to E-cadherin, β-catenin, and PLVAP, while IgA levels to claudin-5 were significantly predicted by IgA to E-cadherin, NOX/PRO TRYCAT ratio, Gram-negative bacteria, and CCL11. The phenomenology of the deficit syndrome is to a large extent explained by the cumulative effects of lowered natural IgM, breakdown of the paracellular and vascular pathways, increased bacterial translocation, peripheral immune-inflammatory responses, and indices of BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vodjani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cyrex Labs, LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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14
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Vodjani A. Upregulation of the Intestinal Paracellular Pathway with Breakdown of Tight and Adherens Junctions in Deficit Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7056-7073. [PMID: 30972627 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, the first author of this paper reported that schizophrenia is associated with an increased frequency of the haptoglobin (Hp)-2 gene. The precursor of Hp-2 is zonulin, a molecule that affects intercellular tight junction integrity. Recently, we reported increased plasma IgA/IgM responses to Gram-negative bacteria in deficit schizophrenia indicating leaky gut and gut dysbiosis. The current study was performed to examine the integrity of the paracellular (tight and adherens junctions) and transcellular (cytoskeletal proteins) pathways in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. We measured IgM responses to zonulin, occludin, E-cadherin, talin, actin, and vinculin in association with IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, IgA responses to tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), immune activation and IgM to malondialdehyde (MDA), and NO-cysteinyl in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. We found that the ratio of IgM to zonulin + occludin/talin + actin + viculin (PARA/TRANS) was significantly greater in deficit than those in non-deficit schizophrenia and higher in schizophrenia than those in controls and was significantly associated with increased IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria. IgM responses to zonulin were positively associated with schizophrenia (versus controls), while IgM to occludin was significantly associated with deficit schizophrenia (versus non-deficit schizophrenia and controls). A large part of the variance (90.8%) in negative and PHEM (psychosis, hostility, excitation, and mannerism) symptoms was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to E-cadherin and MDA, and memory dysfunctions, while 53.3% of the variance in the latter was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, TRYCATs, and immune activation. The results show an upregulated paracellular pathway with breakdown of the tight and adherens junctions and increased bacterial translocation in deficit schizophrenia. These dysfunctions in the intestinal paracellular route together with lowered natural IgM, immune activation, and production of CCL-11 and TRYCATs contribute to the phenomenology of deficit schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
| | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vodjani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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15
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Common and Specific Functions of Nonmuscle Myosin II Paralogs in Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1459-1468. [PMID: 30878021 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various forms of cell motility critically depend on pushing, pulling, and resistance forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton. Whereas pushing forces largely depend on actin polymerization, pulling forces responsible for cell contractility and resistance forces maintaining the cell shape require interaction of actin filaments with the multivalent molecular motor myosin II. In contrast to muscle-specific myosin II paralogs, nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) functions in virtually all mammalian cells, where it executes numerous mechanical tasks. NMII is expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs, NMIIA, NMIIB, and NMIIC. Despite overall similarity, these paralogs differ in their molecular properties, which allow them to play both unique and common roles. Importantly, the three paralogs can also cooperate with each other by mixing and matching their unique capabilities. Through specialization and cooperation, NMII paralogs together execute a great variety of tasks in many different cell types. Here, we focus on mammalian NMII paralogs and review novel aspects of their kinetics, regulation, and functions in cells from the perspective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Intracellular Zn 2+ Signaling Facilitates Mossy Fiber Input-Induced Heterosynaptic Potentiation of Direct Cortical Inputs in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Cells. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3812-3831. [PMID: 30833508 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2130-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive action potentials (APs) in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells (CA3-PCs) backpropagate to distal apical dendrites, and induce calcium and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent downregulation of Kv1.2, resulting in long-term potentiation of direct cortical inputs and intrinsic excitability (LTP-IE). When APs were elicited by direct somatic stimulation of CA3-PCs from rodents of either sex, only a narrow window of distal dendritic [Ca2+] allowed LTP-IE because of Ca2+-dependent coactivation of PTK and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), which renders non-mossy fiber (MF) inputs incompetent in LTP-IE induction. High-frequency MF inputs, however, could induce LTP-IE at high dendritic [Ca2+] of the window. We show that MF input-induced Zn2+ signaling inhibits postsynaptic PTP, and thus enables MF inputs to induce LTP-IE at a wide range of [Ca2+]i values. Extracellular chelation of Zn2+ or genetic deletion of vesicular zinc transporter abrogated the privilege of MF inputs for LTP-IE induction. Moreover, the incompetence of somatic stimulation was rescued by the inhibition of PTP or a supplement of extracellular zinc, indicating that MF input-induced increase in dendritic [Zn2+] facilitates the induction of LTP-IE by inhibiting PTP. Consistently, high-frequency MF stimulation induced immediate and delayed elevations of [Zn2+] at proximal and distal dendrites, respectively. These results indicate that MF inputs are uniquely linked to the regulation of direct cortical inputs owing to synaptic Zn2+ signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Zn2+ has been mostly implicated in pathological processes, and the physiological roles of synaptically released Zn2+ in intracellular signaling are little known. We show here that Zn2+ released from hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) terminals enters postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal cells, and plays a facilitating role in MF input-induced heterosynaptic potentiation of perforant path (PP) synaptic inputs through long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability (LTP-IE). We show that the window of cytosolic [Ca2+] that induces LTP-IE is normally very narrow because of the Ca2+-dependent coactivation of antagonistic signaling pairs, whereby non-MF inputs become ineffective in inducing excitability change. The MF-induced Zn2+ signaling, however, biases toward facilitating the induction of LTP-IE. The present study elucidates why MF inputs are more privileged for the regulation of PP synapses.
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17
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Elbediwy A, Vanyai H, Diaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Frith D, Snijders AP, Thompson BJ. Enigma proteins regulate YAP mechanotransduction. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.221788. [PMID: 30404826 PMCID: PMC6262774 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells can sense mechanical stress acting upon integrin adhesions and respond by sending the YAP (also known as YAP1) and TAZ (also known as WWTR1) transcriptional co-activators to the nucleus to drive TEAD-dependent transcription of target genes. How integrin signaling activates YAP remains unclear. Here, we show that integrin-mediated mechanotransduction requires the Enigma and Enigma-like proteins (PDLIM7 and PDLIM5, respectively; denoted for the family of PDZ and LIM domain-containing proteins). YAP binds to PDLIM5 and PDLIM7 (hereafter PDLIM5/7) via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM), which is essential for full nuclear localization and activity of YAP. Accordingly, silencing of PDLIM5/7 expression reduces YAP nuclear localization, tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. The PDLIM5/7 proteins are recruited from the cytoplasm to integrin adhesions and F-actin stress fibers in response to force by binding directly to the key stress fiber component α-actinin. Thus, forces acting on integrins recruit Enigma family proteins to trigger YAP activation during mechanotransduction.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbediwy
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - David Frith
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Barry J Thompson
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
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18
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Acharya BR, Nestor-Bergmann A, Liang X, Gupta S, Duszyc K, Gauquelin E, Gomez GA, Budnar S, Marcq P, Jensen OE, Bryant Z, Yap AS. A Mechanosensitive RhoA Pathway that Protects Epithelia against Acute Tensile Stress. Dev Cell 2018; 47:439-452.e6. [PMID: 30318244 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions are tensile structures that couple epithelial cells together. Junctional tension can arise from cell-intrinsic application of contractility or from the cell-extrinsic forces of tissue movement. Here, we report a mechanosensitive signaling pathway that activates RhoA at adherens junctions to preserve epithelial integrity in response to acute tensile stress. We identify Myosin VI as the force sensor, whose association with E-cadherin is enhanced when junctional tension is increased by mechanical monolayer stress. Myosin VI promotes recruitment of the heterotrimeric Gα12 protein to E-cadherin, where it signals for p114 RhoGEF to activate RhoA. Despite its potential to stimulate junctional actomyosin and further increase contractility, tension-activated RhoA signaling is necessary to preserve epithelial integrity. This is explained by an increase in tensile strength, especially at the multicellular vertices of junctions, that is due to mDia1-mediated actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul R Acharya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Nestor-Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Xuan Liang
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shafali Gupta
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Estelle Gauquelin
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Sorbonne Universite, PSL Research University, Paris and CNRS UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Oliver E Jensen
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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19
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Wang P, Liang J, Shi LZ, Wang Y, Zhang P, Ouyang M, Preece D, Peng Q, Shao L, Fan J, Sun J, Li SS, Berns MW, Zhao H, Wang Y. Visualizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Intercellular Mechanotransmission upon Wounding. ACS PHOTONICS 2018; 5:3565-3574. [PMID: 31069245 PMCID: PMC6502247 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During cell-to-cell communications, the interplay between physical and biochemical cues is essential for informational exchange and functional coordination, especially in multicellular organisms. However, it remains a challenge to visualize intercellular signaling dynamics in single live cells. Here, we report a photonic approach, based on laser microscissors and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy, to study intercellular signaling transmission. First, using our high-throughput screening platform, we developed a highly sensitive FRET-based biosensor (SCAGE) for Src kinase, a key regulator of intercellular interactions and signaling cascades. Notably, SCAGE showed a more than 40-fold sensitivity enhancement than the original biosensor in live mammalian cells. Next, upon local severance of physical intercellular connections by femtosecond laser pulses, SCAGE enabled the visualization of a transient Src activation across neighboring cells. Lastly, we found that this observed transient Src activation following the loss of cell-cell contacts depends on the passive structural support of cytoskeleton but not on the active actomyosin contractility. Hence, by precisely introducing local physical perturbations and directly visualizing spatiotemporal transmission of ensuing signaling events, our integrated approach could be broadly applied to mimic and investigate the wounding process at single-cell resolutions. This integrated approach with highly sensitive FRET-based biosensors provides a unique system to advance our in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the physical-biochemical basis of intercellular coupling and wounding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
| | - Linda Z. Shi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daryl Preece
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lunan Shao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jason Fan
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shawn S. Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario Canada N6C 2 V5
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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20
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Yang R, Broussard JA, Green KJ, Espinosa HD. Techniques to stimulate and interrogate cell-cell adhesion mechanics. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2018; 20:125-139. [PMID: 30320194 PMCID: PMC6181239 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesions maintain the mechanical integrity of multicellular tissues and have recently been found to act as mechanotransducers, translating mechanical cues into biochemical signals. Mechanotransduction studies have primarily focused on focal adhesions, sites of cell-substrate attachment. These studies leverage technical advances in devices and systems interfacing with living cells through cell-extracellular matrix adhesions. As reports of aberrant signal transduction originating from mutations in cell-cell adhesion molecules are being increasingly associated with disease states, growing attention is being paid to this intercellular signaling hub. Along with this renewed focus, new requirements arise for the interrogation and stimulation of cell-cell adhesive junctions. This review covers established experimental techniques for stimulation and interrogation of cell-cell adhesion from cell pairs to monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Horacio D. Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
- Institute for Cellular Engineering Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
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21
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Mammalian nonmuscle myosin II comes in three flavors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:394-402. [PMID: 29550471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II is an actin-based motor that executes numerous mechanical tasks in cells including spatiotemporal organization of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, tissue remodeling, and membrane trafficking. Nonmuscle myosin II is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs. Recent studies reveal novel specific aspects of their kinetics, intracellular regulation and functions. On the other hand, the three paralogs also can copolymerize and cooperate in cells. Here we review the recent advances from the prospective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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22
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Coburn L, Lopez H, Schouwenaar IM, Yap AS, Lobaskin V, Gomez GA. Role of contact inhibition of locomotion and junctional mechanics in epithelial collective responses to injury. Phys Biol 2018; 15:024001. [PMID: 29091048 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form physically integrated barriers against the external environment protecting organs from infection and invasion. Within each tissue, epithelial cells respond to different challenges that can potentially compromise tissue integrity. In particular, cells collectively respond to injuries by reorganizing their cell-cell junctions and migrating directionally towards the sites of damage. Notwithstanding, the mechanisms that drive collective responses in epithelial aggregates remain poorly understood. In this work, we develop a minimal mechanistic model that is able to capture the essential features of epithelial collective responses to injuries. We show that a model that integrates the mechanics of cells at the cell-cell and cell-substrate interfaces as well as contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) correctly predicts two key properties of epithelial response to injury as: (1) local relaxation of the tissue and (2) collective reorganization involving the extension of cryptic lamellipodia that extend, on average, up to 3 cell diameters from the site of injury and morphometric changes in the basal regions. Our model also suggests that active responses (like the actomyosin purse string and softening of cell-cell junctions) are needed to drive morphometric changes in the apical region. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of the crosstalk between junctional biomechanics, cell substrate adhesion, and CIL, as well as active responses, in guiding the collective rearrangements that are required to preserve the epithelial barrier in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Coburn
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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23
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Liang X, Kiru S, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Regulated recruitment of SRGAP1 modulates RhoA signaling for contractility during epithelial junction maturation. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 75:61-69. [PMID: 29160905 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions in epithelia are contractile structures, where coupling of adhesion to the actomyosin cytoskeleton generates mechanical tension for morphogenesis and homeostasis. In established monolayers, junctional contractility is supported by the interplay between cell signals and scaffolding proteins. However, less is known about how contractile junctions develop, especially during the establishment of epithelial monolayers. Here, we show that junctional tension increases concomitant with accumulation of actomyosin networks as Caco-2 epithelia become confluent. This is associated with development of a zone of RhoA signaling at junctions. Further, we find that the low levels of RhoA signaling and contractility found in subconfluent cultures reflect a mechanism for their active suppression. Specifically, the RhoA antagonist, SRGAP1, is present at subconfluent junctions to a greater extent than in confluent cultures and SRGAP1 RNAi restores RhoA signaling and contractility in subconfluent cultures to levels seen in confluent cells. Overall, these observations suggest that regulated changes in junctional contractility mediated by modulation of RhoA signaling occur as epithelial monolayers mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sajini Kiru
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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24
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Kerr MC, Gomez GA, Ferguson C, Tanzer MC, Murphy JM, Yap AS, Parton RG, Huston WM, Teasdale RD. Laser-mediated rupture of chlamydial inclusions triggers pathogen egress and host cell necrosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14729. [PMID: 28281536 PMCID: PMC5353685 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably little is known about how intracellular pathogens exit the host cell in order to infect new hosts. Pathogenic chlamydiae egress by first rupturing their replicative niche (the inclusion) before rapidly lysing the host cell. Here we apply a laser ablation strategy to specifically disrupt the chlamydial inclusion, thereby uncoupling inclusion rupture from the subsequent cell lysis and allowing us to dissect the molecular events involved in each step. Pharmacological inhibition of host cell calpains inhibits inclusion rupture, but not subsequent cell lysis. Further, we demonstrate that inclusion rupture triggers a rapid necrotic cell death pathway independent of BAK, BAX, RIP1 and caspases. Both processes work sequentially to efficiently liberate the pathogen from the host cytoplasm, promoting secondary infection. These results reconcile the pathogen's known capacity to promote host cell survival and induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus C. Kerr
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maria C. Tanzer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wilhelmina M. Huston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Rohan D Teasdale
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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25
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Priya R, Liang X, Teo JL, Duszyc K, Yap AS, Gomez GA. ROCK1 but not ROCK2 contributes to RhoA signaling and NMIIA-mediated contractility at the epithelial zonula adherens. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:12-20. [PMID: 28035042 PMCID: PMC5221615 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ROCK1 is the prominent isoform responsible for molecular organization of epithelial zonula adherens (ZA) and its contractile properties. ROCK1 selectively localizes NMIIA to ZA and supports cortical tension and GTP-Rho at the ZA. NMIIA, in a feedback loop, promotes cortical localization of ROCK1. Rho kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) function downstream of the small GTPase RhoA to drive actomyosin cytoskeletal remodeling. It has often been believed that ROCK1 and ROCK2 may be functionally redundant, as they share a highly conserved kinase domain. However, in this study, we report differential functional effects for these ROCKs at the epithelial zonula adherens (ZA). Using specific siRNA, we found that ROCK1 depletion disrupted cadherin organization at the ZA, accompanied by loss of F-actin and NMIIA, whereas ROCK2 knockdown had no significant effect. Further, ROCK1, but not ROCK2, was necessary to stabilize GTP-RhoA at the ZA, thereby sustaining junctional tension and inhibiting intraepithelial cell movement. We also found that nonmuscle myosin IIA is a major determinant of ROCK1 cortical stability. Thus, despite sharing the catalytic domain with ROCK2, ROCK1 appears to be the dominant kinase essential for junctional integrity and contractile tension at epithelial ZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Priya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuan Liang
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica L Teo
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Priya R, Wee K, Budnar S, Gomez GA, Yap AS, Michael M. Coronin 1B supports RhoA signaling at cell-cell junctions through Myosin II. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3033-3041. [PMID: 27650961 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin II (NMII) motor proteins are responsible for generating contractile forces inside eukaryotic cells. There is also a growing interest in the capacity for these motor proteins to influence cell signaling through scaffolding, especially in the context of RhoA GTPase signaling. We previously showed that NMIIA accumulation and stability within specific regions of the cell cortex, such as the zonula adherens (ZA), allows the formation of a stable RhoA signaling zone. Now we demonstrate a key role for Coronin 1B in maintaining this junctional pool of NMIIA, as depletion of Coronin 1B significantly compromised myosin accumulation and stability at junctions. The loss of junctional NMIIA, upon Coronin 1B knockdown, perturbed RhoA signaling due to enhanced junctional recruitment of the RhoA antagonist, p190B Rho GAP. This effect was blocked by the expression of phosphomimetic MRLC-DD, thus reinforcing the central role of NMII in regulating RhoA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Priya
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Kenneth Wee
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Magdalene Michael
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus , London , UK
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Coburn L, Lopez H, Caldwell BJ, Moussa E, Yap C, Priya R, Noppe A, Roberts AP, Lobaskin V, Yap AS, Neufeld Z, Gomez GA. Contact inhibition of locomotion and mechanical cross-talk between cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion determine the pattern of junctional tension in epithelial cell aggregates. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3436-3448. [PMID: 27605701 PMCID: PMC5221537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A computational approach is used to analyze the biomechanics of epithelial cells based on their capacity to adhere to one another and to the substrate and exhibit contact inhibition of locomotion. This approach reproduces emergent properties of epithelial cell aggregates and makes predictions for experimental validation. We used a computational approach to analyze the biomechanics of epithelial cell aggregates—islands, stripes, or entire monolayers—that combines both vertex and contact-inhibition-of-locomotion models to include cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion. Examination of the distribution of cell protrusions (adhesion to the substrate) in the model predicted high-order profiles of cell organization that agree with those previously seen experimentally. Cells acquired an asymmetric distribution of basal protrusions, traction forces, and apical aspect ratios that decreased when moving from the edge to the island center. Our in silico analysis also showed that tension on cell–cell junctions and apical stress is not homogeneous across the island. Instead, these parameters are higher at the island center and scale up with island size, which we confirmed experimentally using laser ablation assays and immunofluorescence. Without formally being a three-dimensional model, our approach has the minimal elements necessary to reproduce the distribution of cellular forces and mechanical cross-talk, as well as the distribution of principal stress in cells within epithelial cell aggregates. By making experimentally testable predictions, our approach can aid in mechanical analysis of epithelial tissues, especially when local changes in cell–cell and/or cell–substrate adhesion drive collective cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Coburn
- School of Physics and Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland .,Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Hender Lopez
- School of Physics and Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Benjamin J Caldwell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elliott Moussa
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Chloe Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian Noppe
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony P Roberts
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics and Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Petrova YI, Schecterson L, Gumbiner BM. Roles for E-cadherin cell surface regulation in cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3233-3244. [PMID: 27582386 PMCID: PMC5170857 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin expression often occurs in tumors, but many metastases retain E-cadherin. Regulation of the adhesive activity of E-cadherin at the cell surface is important for metastasis of mammary tumor cells, and cancer-associated missense mutations in E-cadherin selectively affect the mechanism of cell surface regulation. The loss of E-cadherin expression in association with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs frequently during tumor metastasis. However, metastases often retain E-cadherin expression, an EMT is not required for metastasis, and metastases can arise from clusters of tumor cells. We demonstrate that the regulation of the adhesive activity of E-cadherin present at the cell surface by an inside-out signaling mechanism is important in cancer. First, we find that the metastasis of an E-cadherin–expressing mammary cell line from the mammary gland to the lung depends on reduced E-cadherin adhesive function. An activating monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin that induces a high adhesive state significantly reduced the number of cells metastasized to the lung without affecting the growth in size of the primary tumor in the mammary gland. Second, we find that many cancer-associated germline missense mutations in the E-cadherin gene in patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer selectively affect the mechanism of inside-out cell surface regulation without inhibiting basic E-cadherin adhesion function. This suggests that genetic deficits in E-cadherin cell surface regulation contribute to cancer progression. Analysis of these mutations also provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cadherin regulation at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya I Petrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Leslayann Schecterson
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Barry M Gumbiner
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 .,Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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Michael M, Meiring JCM, Acharya BR, Matthews DR, Verma S, Han SP, Hill MM, Parton RG, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Coronin 1B Reorganizes the Architecture of F-Actin Networks for Contractility at Steady-State and Apoptotic Adherens Junctions. Dev Cell 2016; 37:58-71. [PMID: 27046832 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study we sought to identify how contractility at adherens junctions influences apoptotic cell extrusion. We first found that the generation of effective contractility at steady-state junctions entails a process of architectural reorganization whereby filaments that are initially generated as poorly organized networks of short bundles are then converted into co-aligned perijunctional bundles. Reorganization requires coronin 1B, which is recruited to junctions by E-cadherin adhesion and is necessary to establish contractile tension at the zonula adherens. When cells undergo apoptosis within an epithelial monolayer, coronin 1B is also recruited to the junctional cortex at the apoptotic/neighbor cell interface in an E-cadherin-dependent fashion to support actin architectural reorganization, contractility, and extrusion. We propose that contractile stress transmitted from the apoptotic cell through E-cadherin adhesions elicits a mechanosensitive response in neighbor cells that is necessary for the morphogenetic event of apoptotic extrusion to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Michael
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Joyce C M Meiring
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Siew Ping Han
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; NHMRC Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; NHMRC Program in Membrane Interface Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Yahiro K, Hirayama T, Moss J, Noda M. New Insights into VacA Intoxication Mediated through Its Cell Surface Receptors. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8050152. [PMID: 27187473 PMCID: PMC4885067 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases, produces VacA, a vacuolating cytotoxin associated with gastric inflammation and ulceration. The C-terminal domain of VacA plays a crucial role in receptor recognition on target cells. We have previously identified three proteins (i.e., RPTPα, RPTPβ, and LRP1) that serve as VacA receptors. These receptors contribute to the internalization of VacA into epithelial cells, activate signal transduction pathways, and contribute to cell death and gastric ulceration. In addition, other factors (e.g., CD18, sphingomyelin) have also been identified as cell-surface, VacA-binding proteins. Since we believe that, following interactions with its host cell receptors, VacA participates in events leading to disease, a better understanding of the cellular function of VacA receptors may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic actions of VacA and the pathogenesis of H. pylori-mediated disease. In this review, we focus on VacA receptors and their role in events leading to cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Hirayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10, Room 6D03, MSC 1590, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA.
| | - Masatoshi Noda
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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31
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Liang X, Michael M, Gomez GA. Measurement of Mechanical Tension at Cell-cell Junctions Using Two-photon Laser Ablation. Bio Protoc 2016; 6:e2068. [PMID: 28191488 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton is found in all non-muscle cells where a key function is to control mechanical force (Salbreux et al., 2012). When coupled to E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion, cortical actomyosin generates junctional tension that influences many aspects of tissue function, organization and morphogenesis (Lecuit and Yap, 2015). Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of junctional tension requires tools for measuring it in live cells with a high spatio-temporal resolution. For this, we have set up a technique of laser ablation, in which we use the high power output of a two-photon laser to physically cut the actin cortex at the sites of cell-cell adhesion labeled with E-cadherin-GFP. Tension, thus is visualized as the outwards recoil of the vertices that define a junction after this was ablated/cut. Analysis of recoil versus time allows extracting parameters related to the amount of contractile force that is applied to the junction before ablation (initial recoil) and the ratio between elasticity of the junction and viscosity of the media (cytoplasm) in which the junctional cortex is immersed. Using this approach we have discovered how Src protein-tyrosine kinase (Gomez et al., 2015); actin-binding proteins such as tropomyosins (Caldwell et al., 2014) and N-WASP (Wu et al., 2014); Myosin II (Priya et al., 2015) and coronin-1B (Michael et al., 2016) contribute to the molecular apparatus responsible for generating tension at the cell-cell junctions. This protocol describes the experimental procedure for setting up laser ablation experiments and how to optimize ablation and acquisition conditions for optimal measurements of junctional tension. It also provides a full description, step by step, of the post-acquisition analysis required to evaluate changes in contractile force as well as cell elasticity and/or cytoplasm viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Divisions of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Divisions of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Endothelial Barrier and Its Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2015; 6:365. [PMID: 26696899 PMCID: PMC4673665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form a unique barrier between the vascular lumen and the vascular wall. In addition, the endothelium is highly metabolically active. In cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, normal endothelial function could be severely disturbed leading to endothelial dysfunction that then could progress to complete and irreversible loss of EC functionality and contribute to entire vascular dysfunction. Proatherogenic stimuli such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress could initiate endothelial dysfunction and in turn vascular dysfunction and lead to the development of atherosclerotic arterial disease, a background for multiple cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and thrombosis. Intercellular junctions between ECs mediate the barrier function. Proinflammatory stimuli destabilize the junctions causing the disruption of the endothelial barrier and increased junctional permeability. This facilitates transendothelial migration of immune cells to the arterial intima and induction of vascular inflammation. Proatherogenic stimuli attack endothelial microtubule function that is regulated by acetylation of tubulin, an essential microtubular constituent. Chemical modification of tubulin caused by cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress leads to reorganization of endothelial microtubules. These changes destabilize vascular integrity and increase permeability, which finally results in increasing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Research Center for Children's Health, Institute of Pediatrics Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia ; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia ; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovation Center Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Regulation of Endothelial Adherens Junctions by Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:272858. [PMID: 26556953 PMCID: PMC4628659 DOI: 10.1155/2015/272858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form a semipermeable, regulated barrier that limits the passage of fluid, small molecules, and leukocytes between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues. The adherens junction, a major mechanism of intercellular adhesion, is comprised of transmembrane cadherins forming homotypic interactions between adjacent cells and associated cytoplasmic catenins linking the cadherins to the cytoskeleton. Inflammatory conditions promote the disassembly of the adherens junction and a loss of intercellular adhesion, creating openings or gaps in the endothelium through which small molecules diffuse and leukocytes transmigrate. Tyrosine kinase signaling has emerged as a central regulator of the inflammatory response, partly through direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the adherens junction components. This review discusses the findings that support and those that argue against a direct effect of cadherin and catenin phosphorylation in the disassembly of the adherens junction. Recent findings indicate a complex interaction between kinases, phosphatases, and the adherens junction components that allow a fine regulation of the endothelial permeability to small molecules, leukocyte migration, and barrier resealing.
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34
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Adherens Junctions Revisualized: Organizing Cadherins as Nanoassemblies. Dev Cell 2015; 35:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
Advances in cell and developmental biology have often been closely linked to advances in our ability to visualize structure and function at many length and time scales. In this review, we discuss how new imaging technologies and new reagents have provided novel insights into the biology of cadherin-based cell-cell junctions. We focus on three developments: the application of super-resolution optical technologies to characterize the nanoscale organization of cadherins at cell-cell contacts, new approaches to interrogate the mechanical forces that act upon junctions, and advances in electron microscopy which have the potential to transform our understanding of cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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36
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R. Noppe A, Roberts AP, Yap AS, Gomez GA, Neufeld Z. Modelling wound closure in an epithelial cell sheet using the cellular Potts model. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1253-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We use a two-dimensional cellular Potts model to represent the behavior of an epithelial cell layer and describe its dynamics in response to a microscopic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R. Noppe
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Anthony P. Roberts
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia 4072
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