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Lyu Y, Wang T, Huang S, Zhang Z. Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Metabolism in the Regulation of Innate Immunity. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:665-679. [PMID: 37666239 PMCID: PMC10601681 DOI: 10.1159/000533602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system, as the host's first line of defense against intruders, plays a critical role in recognizing, identifying, and reacting to a wide range of microbial intruders. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial stress is a major initiator of innate immune responses. When mitochondria's integrity is disrupted or dysfunction occurs, the mitochondria's contents are released into the cytosol. These contents, like reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA, and double-stranded RNA, among others, act as damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can bind to multiple innate immune sensors, particularly pattern recognition receptors, thereby leading to inflammation. To avoid the production of DAMPs, in addition to safeguarding organelles integrity and functionality, mitochondria may activate mitophagy or apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondrial components and specific metabolic regulations modify properties of innate immune cells. These include macrophages, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, and so on, in steady state or in stimulation that are involved in processes ranging from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. Here we provide a brief summary of mitochondrial DAMPs' initiated and potentiated inflammatory response in the innate immune system. We also provide insights into how the state of activation, differentiation, and functional polarization of innate immune cells can be influenced by alteration to the metabolic pathways in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Lyu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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2
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Kim JY, Shin JH, Kim MJ, Kang Y, Lee JS, Son J, Jeong SK, Kim D, Kim DH, Chun E, Lee KY. β-arrestin 2 negatively regulates lung cancer progression by inhibiting the TRAF6 signaling axis for NF-κB activation and autophagy induced by TLR3 and TLR4. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:422. [PMID: 37443143 PMCID: PMC10344878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is functionally implicated in cancer progression via various signaling pathways. However, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. To obtain clinical insight on its function in lung cancer, microarray data from lung tumor tissues (LTTs) and matched lung normal tissues (mLNTs) of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 37) were utilized. ARRB2 expression levels were markedly decreased in all 37 LTTs compared to those in matched LNTs of NSCLC patients. They were significantly co-related to enrichment gene sets associated with oncogenic and cancer genes. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) between three LTTs with highly down-regulated ARRB2 and three LTTs with lowly down-regulated ARRB2 revealed significant enrichments related to toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and autophagy genes in three LTTs with highly down-regulated ARRB2, suggesting that ARRB2 was negatively involved in TLR-mediated signals for autophagy induction in lung cancer. Biochemical studies for elucidating the molecular mechanism revealed that ARRB2 interacted with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and Beclin 1 (BECN1), thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination of TRAF6-TAB2 to activate NF-κB and TRAF6-BECN1 for autophagy stimulated by TLR3 and TLR4, suggesting that ARRB2 could inhibit the TRAF6-TAB2 signaling axis for NF-κB activation and TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis for autophagy in response to TLR3 and TLR4. Notably, ARRB2-knockout (ARRB2KO) lung cancer cells exhibited marked enhancements of cancer migration, invasion, colony formation, and proliferation in response to TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation. Altogether, our current data suggest that ARRB2 can negatively regulate lung cancer progression by inhibiting TLR3- and TLR4-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Kang
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Son
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jeong
- R&D Center, CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam-si, 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- R&D Center, CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam-si, 13493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Kim MJ, Kim JY, Shin JH, Kang Y, Lee JS, Son J, Jeong SK, Kim D, Kim DH, Chun E, Lee KY. FFAR2 antagonizes TLR2- and TLR3-induced lung cancer progression via the inhibition of AMPK-TAK1 signaling axis for the activation of NF-κB. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:102. [PMID: 37287005 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial metabolites and conserved microbial products, respectively, and are functionally implicated in inflammation and cancer. However, whether the crosstalk between FFARs and TLRs affects lung cancer progression has never been addressed. METHODS We analyzed the association between FFARs and TLRs using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung cancer data and our cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient data (n = 42), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. For the functional analysis, we generated FFAR2-knockout (FFAR2KO) A549 and FFAR2KO H1299 human lung cancer cells and performed biochemical mechanistic studies and cancer progression assays, including migration, invasion, and colony-formation assays, in response to TLR stimulation. RESULTS The clinical TCGA data showed a significant down-regulation of FFAR2, but not FFAR1, FFAR3, and FFAR4, in lung cancer, and a negative correlation with TLR2 and TLR3. Notably, GSEA showed significant enrichment in gene sets related to the cancer module, the innate signaling pathway, and the cytokine-chemokine signaling pathway in FFAR2DownTLR2UpTLR3Up lung tumor tissues (LTTs) vs. FFAR2upTLR2DownTLR3Down LTTs. Functionally, treatment with propionate (an agonist of FFAR2) significantly inhibited human A549 or H1299 lung cancer migration, invasion, and colony formation induced by TLR2 or TLR3 through the attenuation of the cAMP-AMPK-TAK1 signaling axis for the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, FFAR2KO A549 and FFAR2KO H1299 human lung cancer cells showed marked increases in cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in response to TLR2 or TLR3 stimulation, accompanied by elevations in NF-κB activation, cAMP levels, and the production of C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, interleukin (IL)-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 cytokines. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that FFAR2 signaling antagonized TLR2- and TLR3-induced lung cancer progression via the suppression of the cAMP-AMPK-TAK1 signaling axis for the activation of NF-κB, and its agonist might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Kang
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Son
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jeong
- R&D Center, CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam-si, 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- R&D Center, CHA Vaccine Institute, Seongnam-si, 13493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Immunology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Skulachev VP, Vyssokikh MY, Chernyak BV, Averina OA, Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Zinovkin RA, Lyamzaev KG, Marey MV, Egorov MV, Frolova OJ, Zorov DB, Skulachev MV, Sadovnichii VA. Mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 prevents rapid animal death caused by highly diverse shocks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4326. [PMID: 36922552 PMCID: PMC10017827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to stress involves the activation of pathways leading either to protection from the stress origin, eventually resulting in development of stress resistance, or activation of the rapid death of the organism. Here we hypothesize that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) play a key role in stress-induced programmed death of the organism, which we called "phenoptosis" in 1997. We demonstrate that the synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (which specifically abolishes mtROS) prevents rapid death of mice caused by four mechanistically very different shocks: (a) bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock, (b) shock in response to intravenous mitochondrial injection, (c) cold shock, and (d) toxic shock caused by the penetrating cation C12TPP. Importantly, under all these stresses mortality was associated with a strong elevation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and administration of SkQ1 was able to switch off the cytokine storms. Since the main effect of SkQ1 is the neutralization of mtROS, this study provides evidence for the role of mtROS in the activation of innate immune responses mediating stress-induced death of the organism. We propose that SkQ1 may be used clinically to support patients in critical conditions, such as septic shock, extensive trauma, cooling, and severe infection by bacteria or viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - M Yu Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991. .,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - O A Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - A A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - R A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - K G Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - M V Marey
- Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - M V Egorov
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - O J Frolova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - M V Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - V A Sadovnichii
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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5
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Chaitanya NSN, Tammineni P, Nagaraju GP, Reddy ABM. Pleiotropic roles of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) in pathophysiology. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3496-3504. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nyshadham S. N. Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Prasad Tammineni
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | | | - Aramati BM Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
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6
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Zhang H, Wang J, Lang W, Liu H, Zhang Z, Wu T, Li H, Bai L, Shi Q. Albiflorin ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in Methotrexate-induced enteritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108824. [PMID: 35561481 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) treats various diseases but also damages intestinal barrier and leads to enteritis. Albiflorin (ALB) has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of ALB on MTX-induced enteritis and investigated the possible mechanisms involved. Male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 7 mg/kg MTX for three consecutive days to establish the enteritis model. ALB (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) was intragastrically administrated since two days prior MTX treatment and lasted for six days. We found that ALB treatment increased body weight and intestinal weight of rats with MTX injection. The disease activity index (DAI) score was also decreased after ALB administration. In histological examination, ALB treatment attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration and promoted survival of goblet cells. In detection of inflammatory-associated factors, ALB treatment decreased CD68+ cells infiltration, inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, and suppressed intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Additionally, ALB reduced malondialdehyde, glutathione levels, inhibited superoxide dismutase activity and suppressed reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, ALB treatment effectively inhibited NLRP3, as well as caspase 1 p20 and interleukin (IL)-1β and 18 expression. Finally, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were also demonstrated to be blocked upon ALB treatment. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ALB alleviated MTX-induced enteritis via inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuying Lang
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Ong GH, Ori D, Kawasaki T, Kawai T. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate. Genes Cells 2022; 27:482-492. [PMID: 35467779 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide on gram negative bacteria can be detected by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to elicit a series of innate immune responses, leading to inflammation to eliminate the targeted pathogen. However, dysregulation in the responses results in excessive inflammation. The 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is a bioactive compound originated from Alpinia species known to have anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing properties. Here, we found that ACA inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and TNFα by macrophages. ACA suppresses the activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases in TLR4 signaling. Moreover, ACA also inhibits TLR4-mediated induction of type I interferon by suppressing IRF3 activation. In lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice, ACA treatment successfully increased the survival of mice and alleviated inflammation in the lung. Thus, ACA is a potential anti-inflammatory agent to regulate excessive inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han Ong
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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8
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USP15 negatively regulates lung cancer progression through the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis for autophagy induction. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:348. [PMID: 35422093 PMCID: PMC9010460 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-BECN1 signaling axis plays a pivotal role in autophagy induction through ubiquitination of BECN1, thereby inducing lung cancer migration and invasion in response to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. Herein, we provide novel molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the negative effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) on lung cancer progression. Clinical data of the TCGA and primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 41) revealed that the expression of USP15 was significantly downregulated in lung cancer patients. Importantly, USP15-knockout (USP15KO) A549 and USP15KO H1299 lung cancer cells generated with CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology showed increases in cancer migration and invasion with enhanced autophagy induction in response to TLR4 stimulation. In addition, biochemical studies revealed that USP15 interacted with BECN1, but not with TRAF6, and induced deubiquitination of BECN1, thereby attenuating autophagy induction. Notably, in primary NSCLC patients (n = 4) with low expression of USP15, 10 genes (CCNE1, MMP9, SFN, UBE2C, CCR2, FAM83A, ETV4, MYO7A, MMP11, and GSDMB) known to promote lung cancer progression were significantly upregulated, whereas 10 tumor suppressor genes (FMO2, ZBTB16, FCN3, TCF21, SFTPA1B, HPGD, SOSTDC1, TMEM100, GDF10, and WIF1) were downregulated, providing clinical relevance of the functional role of USP15 in lung cancer progression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that USP15 can negatively regulate the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis for autophagy induction. Thus, USP15 is implicated in lung cancer progression.
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9
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Ding D, Sun XJ, Yan M, Chen Q, Gao L, Kang CJ. The ECSIT Mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs Pathway Inhibits Bacterial Amplification in Kuruma Shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807326. [PMID: 35173723 PMCID: PMC8841768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in animal innate immunity. However, its activation and signal transmission greatly differ across species and need to be investigated. Shrimp farming is a worldwide economic activity affected by bacterial disease from the 1990s, which promoted research on shrimp immunity. In this study, we first proved that, among the three identified Toll receptors in Marsupenaeus japonicus kuruma shrimp, Toll 3 plays a pivotal role in initiating the antibacterial response in vivo, especially upon anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further research showed that this result was due to the activation of the Dorsal transcription factor, which induced the expression of two anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (Alfs). Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways, ECSIT, was proved to be needed for signal transmission from Toll 3 to Dorsal and the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Finally, the mortality assay showed that a Toll3-ECSIT-Dorsal-Alf axis was functional in the anti-S.aureus immunity of M. japonicus shrimp. The results provide new insights into the function and signal transduction of the Toll pathway in aquatic species and offer basic knowledge for shrimp disease control and genetic breeding.
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10
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Xu L, Humphries F, Delagic N, Wang B, Holland A, Edgar KS, Hombrebueno JR, Stolz DB, Oleszycka E, Rodgers AM, Glezeva N, McDonald K, Watson CJ, Ledwidge MT, Ingram RJ, Grieve DJ, Moynagh PN. ECSIT is a critical limiting factor for cardiac function. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142801. [PMID: 34032637 PMCID: PMC8262467 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) is a protein with roles in early development, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) that facilitates clearance of intracellular bacteria like Salmonella. ECSIT is also an important assembly factor for mitochondrial complex I. Unlike the murine form of Ecsit (mEcsit), we demonstrate here that human ECSIT (hECSIT) is highly labile. To explore whether the instability of hECSIT affects functions previously ascribed to its murine counterpart, we created a potentially novel transgenic mouse in which the murine Ecsit gene is replaced by the human ECSIT gene. The humanized mouse has low levels of hECSIT protein, in keeping with its intrinsic instability. Whereas low-level expression of hECSIT was capable of fully compensating for mEcsit in its roles in early development and activation of the NF-κB pathway, macrophages from humanized mice showed impaired clearance of Salmonella that was associated with reduced production of mROS. Notably, severe cardiac hypertrophy was manifested in aging humanized mice, leading to premature death. The cellular and molecular basis of this phenotype was delineated by showing that low levels of human ECSIT protein led to a marked reduction in assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I with impaired oxidative phosphorylation and reduced production of ATP. Cardiac tissue from humanized hECSIT mice also showed reduced mitochondrial fusion and more fission but impaired clearance of fragmented mitochondria. A cardiomyocyte-intrinsic role for Ecsit in mitochondrial function and cardioprotection is also demonstrated. We also show that cardiac fibrosis and damage in humans correlated with low expression of human ECSIT. In summary, our findings identify a role for ECSIT in cardioprotection, while generating a valuable experimental model to study mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xu
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Nezira Delagic
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Bingwei Wang
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ashling Holland
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Kevin S. Edgar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jose R. Hombrebueno
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ewa Oleszycka
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Aoife M. Rodgers
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Kenneth McDonald
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit, St. Vincent’s Healthcare Group/St. Michael’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris J. Watson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Ledwidge
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit, St. Vincent’s Healthcare Group/St. Michael’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca J. Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Grieve
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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11
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Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer's Disease: Causes and Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245789. [PMID: 33302541 PMCID: PMC7764106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 808] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder that causes degeneration of the cells in the brain and it is the main cause of dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. AD is considered a multifactorial disease: two main hypotheses were proposed as a cause for AD, cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses. Additionally, several risk factors such as increasing age, genetic factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental factors play a role in the disease. Currently, there are only two classes of approved drugs to treat AD, including inhibitors to cholinesterase enzyme and antagonists to N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA), which are effective only in treating the symptoms of AD, but do not cure or prevent the disease. Nowadays, the research is focusing on understanding AD pathology by targeting several mechanisms, such as abnormal tau protein metabolism, β-amyloid, inflammatory response, and cholinergic and free radical damage, aiming to develop successful treatments that are capable of stopping or modifying the course of AD. This review discusses currently available drugs and future theories for the development of new therapies for AD, such as disease-modifying therapeutics (DMT), chaperones, and natural compounds.
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12
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Su X, Zhang Q, Yue J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang R. TRIM59 suppresses NO production by promoting the binding of PIAS1 and STAT1 in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107030. [PMID: 33045573 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, which can secret various inflammation mediators, have an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism(s) to regulate the production of inflammation mediator is not completely clear. Here we found that TRIM 59 could inhibit the production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytochrome c oxidase subunit2 (COX2) and TNFα. TRIM59 mediated suppression on nitric oxide (NO) production is through inhibiting the activation of JAK2-STAT1 signal pathway. In response to LPS, TRIM59 in macrophages was translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus and directly bound with STAT1. During this process, TRIM59 could recruit much more PIAS1 to bind with STAT1 to suppress the activation of STAT1. Finally, TRIM59 modified macrophages could promote tumor growth. Thus, TRIM59 mediated suppression on NO production by promoting the binding of PIAS1 and STAT1 in macrophages may regulate tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Yue
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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13
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p62 is Negatively Implicated in the TRAF6-BECN1 Signaling Axis for Autophagy Activation and Cancer Progression by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Cells 2020; 9:cells9051142. [PMID: 32384667 PMCID: PMC7290749 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and autophagy through the TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) and TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axes, respectively. Having shown that p62 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling via TRAF6-ECSIT signaling axis, we herein investigated whether p62 is functionally implicated in the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis, thereby regulating cancer cell migration and invasion. p62 interacted with TRAF6 and BECN1, to interrupt the functional associations required for TRAF6-BECN1 complex formation, leading to inhibitions of BECN1 ubiquitination and autophagy activation. Importantly, p62-deficient cancer cells, such as p62-knockdown (p62KD) SK-HEP-1, p62KD MDA-MB-231, and p62-knockout (p62KO) A549 cells, showed increased activation of autophagy induced by TLR4 stimulation, suggesting that p62 negatively regulates autophagy activation. Moreover, these p62-deficient cancer cells exhibited marked increases in cell migration and invasion in response to TLR4 stimulation. Collectively, these results suggest that p62 is negatively implicated in the TRAF6-BECN1 signaling axis, thereby inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion regulated by autophagy activation in response to TLR4 stimulation.
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14
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Jin Z, Zhu Z, Liu S, Hou Y, Tang M, Zhu P, Tian Y, Li D, Yan D, Zhu X. TRIM59 Protects Mice From Sepsis by Regulating Inflammation and Phagocytosis in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:263. [PMID: 32133014 PMCID: PMC7041419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with bacterial invasion and inflammation and has a high mortality rate. Previous studies have demonstrated that tripartite motif 59 (TRIM59) was involved in NF-κB signaling and could promote phagocytosis of macrophages, but the role of TRIM59 in sepsis is still unknown. In our study, we found that TRIM59 was downregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice model, the mortality of Trim59flox/floxLyz-Cre (Trim59-cKO) mice was higher, the immune cell infiltration and damage of liver and lung were more severe, and bacteria burden was increased. We also found that TRIM59 altered the production of pro-inflammation cytokines, as well as macrophage phagocytosis ability. Further analysis indicated that NF-κB signal pathway and Fcγ receptors might be involved in these regulations. Our study demonstrated for the first time that TRIM59 protects mice from sepsis by regulating inflammation and phagocytosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Hou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyan Tang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Kim MJ, Min Y, Shim JH, Chun E, Lee KY. CRBN Is a Negative Regulator of Bactericidal Activity and Autophagy Activation Through Inhibiting the Ubiquitination of ECSIT and BECN1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2203. [PMID: 31620128 PMCID: PMC6759600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN) as a multifunctional protein has been extensively studied. Here, we show that CRBN is a negative regulator of bactericidal activity and autophagy activation. Mitochondrial localization of CRBN was significantly increased in response to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. CRBN interrupted the association of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT)-TNF-receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) complex, thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination of ECSIT, which plays a pivotal role for the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). Subsequently, mROS levels were markedly elevated in CRBN-knockdown (CRBNKD) THP-1 cells, and that led to resistance against S. typhimurium infection, indicating CRBN is a negative regulator of bactericidal activity through the regulation of mROS. Additionally, CRBN inhibited TRAF6-induced ubiquitination of BECN1 (Beclin 1), and that induced autophagy activation in CRBNKD THP-1, CRBN-knockout (CRBNKO) H1299, and CRBNKO MCF7 cancer cells in response to TLR4 stimulation. Notably, we found that the ability of cancer migration and invasion was significantly enhanced in CRBNKO H1299 and CRBNKO MCF7 cancer cells, as compared with those of control cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that CRBN is a negative regulator of bactericidal activity and autophagy activation through inhibiting the TRAF6-induced ubiquitination of ECSIT and BECN1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Kim MJ, Min Y, Kwon J, Son J, Im JS, Shin J, Lee KY. p62 Negatively Regulates TLR4 Signaling via Functional Regulation of the TRAF6-ECSIT Complex. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e16. [PMID: 31281713 PMCID: PMC6597446 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62), a ubiquitin binding protein, plays a role in cell signaling, oxidative stress, and autophagy. However, its functional role in inflammatory signaling is controversial. Recent studies have shown that p62 is negatively implicated in inflammatory responses. But, the precise molecular mechanisms by which p62 regulates inflammatory responses remain unclear. In this study, we report on a new regulatory role for p62 in TLR4-mediated signaling. p62 overexpression led to the suppression of NF-κB activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in response to TLR4 stimulation. In contrast, p62−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells exhibited marked enhancement of NF-κB activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by TLR4 stimulation, compared to p62+/+ MEF cells. Additionally, the TLR4-induced activation of signal transduction was significantly augmented in p62−/− MEF cells, indicating that p62 was negatively implicated in TLR4-mediated signaling. Biochemical studies revealed that p62 interacted with the internal domain of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT), which is critical for associating with the TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-ECSIT complex to activate NF-κB in TLR4 signaling. Interestingly, p62-ECSIT interaction inhibited the interaction between TRAF6 and ECSIT and attenuated the ubiquitination of ECSIT. Furthermore, upon LPS challenge, the mortality of p62−/− (p62-knockout) mice was markedly enhanced compared to p62+/+ (p62 wild-type) mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p62 negatively regulated TLR4 signaling via functional regulation of the TRAF6-ECSIT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jeongho Kwon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Juhee Son
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Im
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jaekyoon Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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17
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Min Y, Kim MJ, Lee S, Chun E, Lee KY. Inhibition of TRAF6 ubiquitin-ligase activity by PRDX1 leads to inhibition of NFKB activation and autophagy activation. Autophagy 2018; 14:1347-1358. [PMID: 29929436 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1474995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) plays a pivotal role in NFKB activation and macroautphagy/autophagy activation induced by TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) signaling. The objective of this study was to determine the functional role of PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) in NFKB activation and autophagy activation. PRDX1 interacted with the ring finger domain of TRAF6 and inhibited its ubiquitin-ligase activity. The inhibition on TRAF6 ubiquitin-ligase activity by PRDX1 induced the suppression of ubiquitination of an evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) essential for NFKB activation and BECN1 (beclin 1) required for autophagy activation. An inhibitory effect of PRDX1 on TRAF6 was clearly evidenced in PRDX1-knockdown (PRDX1KD) THP-1, PRDX1KD MDA-MB-231, and PRDX1KD SK-HEP-1 cells. PRDX1KD THP-1 cells showed increases of NFKB activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, NFKB-dependent gene expression induced by TLR4 stimulation, and resistance against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Additionally, migration and invasion abilities of PRDX1KD MDA-MB-231 and PRDX1KD SK-HEP-1 cancer cells were significantly enhanced compared to those of control cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that PRDX1 negatively regulates TLR4 signaling for NFKB activation and autophagy functions such as bactericidal activity, cancer cell migration, and cancer cell invasion by inhibiting TRAF6 ubiquitin-ligase activity. ABBREVIATIONS 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; BECN1: beclin 1; CHUK/IKKA: conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; ECSIT: ECSIT signalling integrator; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NFKB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IB: immunoblotting; IKBKB/IKKB: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IP: immunoprecipitation; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtuble associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K7/TAK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; MAPK14/p38: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; mROS: mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; PRDX1: peroxiredoxin 1; PRDX6: peroxiredoxin 6; RELA/p65: RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit; TRAF6 TNF: receptor associated factor 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Min
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sena Lee
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, and the Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,c Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Health Sciences and Technology , Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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18
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Pinegin B, Vorobjeva N, Pashenkov M, Chernyak B. The role of mitochondrial ROS in antibacterial immunity. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3745-3754. [PMID: 28771715 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential participants of various innate immune cell responses against microorganisms and are also involved in many cellular regulatory pathways. It was believed that the main pool of ROS in the innate immune cells is generated by the NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex. However, it was discovered recently that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) are equally important for the functioning of the immune system. mtROS play an important role in the development of the antimicrobial innate immune responses. The present mini-review summarizes the most recent data on the role of mtROS in the antibacterial immunity. The principles of mtROS formation and possible mechanisms of their generation under the activation of innate immunity are highlighted in this review. We also speculate on the possibilities of using activators of mtROS production in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pinegin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center "Institute of Immunology" of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Vorobjeva
- Department of Immunology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center "Institute of Immunology" of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- Department of Bioenergetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Min Y, Wi SM, Shin D, Chun E, Lee KY. Peroxiredoxin-6 Negatively Regulates Bactericidal Activity and NF-κB Activity by Interrupting TRAF6-ECSIT Complex. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:94. [PMID: 28393051 PMCID: PMC5364181 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A TRAF6-ECSIT complex is crucial for the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6) as a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes is involved in antioxidant protection and cell signaling. Here, we report on a regulatory role of Prdx6 in mROS production and NF-κB activation by TLR4. Prdx6 was translocated into the mitochondria by TLR4 stimulation and Prdx6-knockdown (Prdx6KD) THP-1 cells had increased level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels and were resistant to Salmonella typhimurium infection. Biochemical studies revealed Prdx6 interaction with the C-terminal TRAF-C domain of TRAF6, which drove translocation into the mitochondria. Interestingly, Prdx6 competitively interacted with ECSIT to TRAF6 through its C-terminal TRAF-C domain, leading to the interruption of TRAF6-ECSIT interaction. The inhibitory effect was critically implicated in the activation of NF-κB induced by TLR4. Overexpression of Prdx6 led to the inhibition of NF-κB induced by TLR4, whereas Prdx6KD THP-1 cells displayed enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 and -1β, and the up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent genes induced by TLR4 stimulation. Taken together, the data demonstrate that Prdx6 interrupts the formation of TRAF6-ECSIT complex induced by TLR4 stimulation, leading to suppression of bactericidal activity because of inhibited mROS production in mitochondria and the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sae M Wi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon, South Korea
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20
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Lee S, Wi SM, Min Y, Lee KY. Peroxiredoxin-3 Is Involved in Bactericidal Activity through the Regulation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Immune Netw 2016; 16:373-380. [PMID: 28035213 PMCID: PMC5195847 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx3) is a mitochondrial protein of the thioredoxin family of antioxidant peroxidases and is the principal peroxidase responsible for metabolizing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Recent reports have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) contribute to macrophage-mediated bactericidal activity in response to Toll-like receptors. Herein, we investigated the functional effect of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity. The mitochondrial localization of Prdx3 in HEK293T cells was confirmed by cell fractionation and confocal microscopy analyses. To investigate the functional role of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity, Prdx3-knockdown (Prdx3KD) THP-1 cells were generated. The mROS levels in Prdx3KD THP-1 cells were significantly higher than those in control THP-1 cells. Moreover, the mROS levels were markedly increased in response to lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection assay revealed that the Prdx3KD THP-1 cells were significantly resistant to S. Typhimurium infection, as compared with control THP-1 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Prdx3 is functionally important in bactericidal activity through the regulation of mROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sae Mi Wi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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21
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Min Y, Wi SM, Kang JA, Yang T, Park CS, Park SG, Chung S, Shim JH, Chun E, Lee KY. Cereblon negatively regulates TLR4 signaling through the attenuation of ubiquitination of TRAF6. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2313. [PMID: 27468689 PMCID: PMC4973362 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN) is a substrate receptor protein for the CRL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this study, we report on a new regulatory role of CRBN in TLR4 signaling. CRBN overexpression leads to suppression of NF-κB activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1β in response to TLR4 stimulation. Biochemical studies revealed interactions between CRBN and TAK1, and TRAF6 proteins. The interaction between CRBN and TAK1 did not affect the association of the TAB1 and TAB2 proteins, which have pivotal roles in the activation of TAK1, whereas the CRBN-TRAF6 interaction critically affected ubiquitination of TRAF6 and TAB2. Binding mapping results revealed that CRBN interacts with the Zinc finger domain of TRAF6, which contains the ubiquitination site of TRAF6, leading to attenuation of ubiquitination of TRAF6 and TAB2. Functional studies revealed that CRBN-knockdown THP-1 cells show enhanced NF-κB activation and p65- or p50-DNA binding activities, leading to up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent gene expression and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in response to TLR4 stimulation. Furthermore, Crbn−/− mice exhibit decreased survival in response to LPS challenge, accompanied with marked enhancement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CRBN negatively regulates TLR4 signaling via attenuation of TRAF6 and TAB2 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Mi Wi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang YM, Du GQ. Glycyrrhizic acid prevents enteritis through reduction of NF‑κB p65 and p38MAPK expression in rat. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3639-46. [PMID: 26955884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid has a variety of biological properties, including a protective function in the liver, and anti‑inflammatory, anti‑ulcer, anti‑anaphylaxis, anti‑oxidant, immunoregulatory, antiviral and anticancer activities. The efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid can be increased when combined with other medicines. In the present study, the potential protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid against enteritis in rats, and its role in regulating anti‑inflammation, anti‑oxidation, angiogenic and apoptotic mechanisms were investigated using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent and bicinchoninic acid assays, and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses. Adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were injected with 20 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX) to establish enteritis. Additionally, rats with MTX‑induced enteritis were peritoneally injected with 200 mg glycyrrhizic acid for 9 weeks. The current study demonstrated that glycyrrhizic acid could alleviate MTX‑induced increases of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 levels, and raise IL‑10 levels, in rats with enteritis. Treatment with glycyrrhizic acid significantly reduced D‑lactate and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 gene expression (P<0.01), but did not inhibit diamine oxidase activity in MTX‑induced enteritis. Pretreatment with glycyrrhizic acid significantly suppressed the promotion of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), nuclear factor‑κB p65 (NF‑κB p65) protein expression, interferon‑γ protein concentration, and caspase‑3 and cycloxygenase‑2 activity in MTX‑induced enteritis (P<0.01). The findings of the current study suggest that glycyrrhizic acid may prevent enteritis by reducing NF‑κB p65 and p38MAPK expression levels, which may inform future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
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23
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Wi SM, Min Y, Lee KY. Charged MVB protein 5 is involved in T-cell receptor signaling. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e206. [PMID: 26821576 PMCID: PMC4892854 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged multivesicular body protein 5 (CHMP5) has a key role in multivesicular body biogenesis and a critical role in the downregulation of signaling pathways through receptor degradation. However, the role of CHMP5 in T-cell receptor (TCR)–mediated signaling has not been previously investigated. In this study, we utilized a short hairpin RNA-based RNA interference approach to investigate the functional role of CHMP5. Upon TCR stimulation, CHMP5-knockdown (CHMP5KD) Jurkat T cells exhibited activation of TCR downstream signaling molecules, such as PKCθ and IKKαβ, and resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-κB and the marked upregulation of TCR-induced gene expression. Moreover, we found that activator protein-1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells transcriptional factors were markedly activated in CHMP5KD Jurkat cells in response to TCR stimulation, which led to a significant increase in interleukin-2 secretion. Biochemical studies revealed that CHMP5 endogenously forms high-molecular-weight complexes, including TCR molecules, and specifically interacts with TCRβ. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis also revealed that CHMP5KD Jurkat T cells exhibit upregulation of TCR expression on the cell surface compared with control Jurkat T cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that CHMP5 might be involved in the homeostatic regulation of TCR on the cell surface, presumably through TCR recycling or degradation. Thus CHMP5 is implicated in TCR-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Mi Wi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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