1
|
Bement WM, Goryachev AB, Miller AL, von Dassow G. Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:290-308. [PMID: 38172611 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Rho GTPases - RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 - are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. This regulation results from active (GTP-bound) Rho GTPases stimulating target proteins that, in turn, promote actin assembly and myosin 2-based contraction to organize the cortex. This basic regulatory scheme, well supported by in vitro studies, led to the natural assumption that Rho GTPases function in vivo in an essentially linear matter, with a given process being initiated by GTPase activation and terminated by GTPase inactivation. However, a growing body of evidence based on live cell imaging, modelling and experimental manipulation indicates that Rho GTPase activation and inactivation are often tightly coupled in space and time via signalling circuits and networks based on positive and negative feedback. In this Review, we present and discuss this evidence, and we address one of the fundamental consequences of coupled activation and inactivation: the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize, that is, direct their own transition from states of low order to states of high order. We discuss how Rho GTPase self-organization results in the formation of diverse spatiotemporal cortical patterns such as static clusters, oscillatory pulses, travelling wave trains and ring-like waves. Finally, we discuss the advantages of Rho GTPase self-organization and pattern formation for cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Andrew B Goryachev
- Center for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wibbe N, Ebnet K. Cell Adhesion at the Tight Junctions: New Aspects and New Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2701. [PMID: 38067129 PMCID: PMC10706136 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are cell-cell adhesive structures that define the permeability of barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In contrast to this seemingly static function, TJs display a surprisingly high molecular complexity and unexpected dynamic regulation, which allows the TJs to maintain a barrier in the presence of physiological forces and in response to perturbations. Cell-cell adhesion receptors play key roles during the dynamic regulation of TJs. They connect individual cells within cellular sheets and link sites of cell-cell contacts to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent findings support the roles of adhesion receptors in transmitting mechanical forces and promoting phase separation. In this review, we discuss the newly discovered functions of cell adhesion receptors localized at the TJs and their role in the regulation of the barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Wibbe
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vachharajani VT, DeJong MP, Dunn AR. PDZ Domains from the Junctional Proteins Afadin and ZO-1 Act as Mechanosensors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559210. [PMID: 37961673 PMCID: PMC10634676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion complexes must withstand mechanical forces to maintain tissue cohesion, while also retaining the capacity for dynamic remodeling during tissue morphogenesis and repair. Most cell-cell adhesion complexes contain at least one PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain situated between the adhesion molecule and the actin cytoskeleton. However, PDZ-mediated interactions are characteristically nonspecific, weak, and transient, with several binding partners per PDZ domain, micromolar dissociation constants, and bond lifetimes of seconds or less. Here, we demonstrate that the bonds between the PDZ domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor protein afadin and the intracellular domains of the adhesion molecules nectin-1 and JAM-A form molecular catch bonds that reinforce in response to mechanical load. In contrast, the bond between the PDZ3-SH3-GUK (PSG) domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor ZO-1 and the JAM-A intracellular domain becomes dramatically weaker in response to ∼2 pN of load, the amount generated by single molecules of the cytoskeletal motor protein myosin II. These results suggest that PDZ domains can serve as force-responsive mechanical anchors at cell-cell adhesion complexes, and that mechanical load can enhance the selectivity of PDZ-peptide interactions. These results suggest that PDZ mechanosensitivity may help to generate the intricate molecular organization of cell-cell junctions and allow junctional complexes to dynamically remodel in response to mechanical load.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chumki SA, van den Goor LM, Hall BN, Miller AL. p115RhoGEF activates RhoA to support tight junction maintenance and remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar136. [PMID: 36200892 PMCID: PMC9727809 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, epithelial cell-cell junctions must rapidly remodel to maintain barrier function as cells undergo dynamic shape-change events. Consequently, localized leaks sometimes arise within the tight junction (TJ) barrier, which are repaired by short-lived activations of RhoA, called "Rho flares." However, how RhoA is activated at leak sites remains unknown. Here we asked which guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) localizes to TJs to initiate Rho activity at Rho flares. We find that p115RhoGEF locally activates Rho flares at sites of TJ loss. Knockdown of p115RhoGEF leads to diminished Rho flare intensity and impaired TJ remodeling. p115RhoGEF knockdown also decreases junctional active RhoA levels, thus compromising the apical actomyosin array and junctional complex. Furthermore, p115RhoGEF is necessary to promote local leak repair to maintain TJ barrier function. In all, our work demonstrates a central role for p115RhoGEF in activating junctional RhoA to preserve barrier function and direct local TJ remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana A. Chumki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lotte M. van den Goor
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Benjamin N. Hall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ann L. Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,*Address correspondence to: Ann L. Miller ()
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan S, Boerner K, Muraleedharan CK, Nusrat A, Quiros M, Parkos CA. Epithelial JAM-A is fundamental for intestinal wound repair in vivo. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158934. [PMID: 35943805 PMCID: PMC9536273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is expressed in several cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as some leukocytes. In intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), JAM-A localizes to cell junctions and plays a role in regulating barrier function. In vitro studies with model cell lines have shown that JAM-A contributes to IEC migration; however, in vivo studies investigating the role of JAM-A in cell migration-dependent processes such as mucosal wound repair have not been performed. In this study, we developed an inducible intestinal epithelial-specific JAM-A-knockdown mouse model (Jam-aERΔIEC). While acute induction of IEC-specific loss of JAM-A did not result in spontaneous colitis, such mice had significantly impaired mucosal healing after chemically induced colitis and after biopsy colonic wounding. In vitro primary cultures of JAM-A-deficient IEC demonstrated impaired migration in wound healing assays. Mechanistic studies revealed that JAM-A stabilizes formation of protein signaling complexes containing Rap1A/Talin/β1 integrin at focal adhesions of migrating IECs. Loss of JAM-A in primary IEC led to decreased Rap1A activity and protein levels of Talin and β1 integrin, and it led to a reduction in focal adhesion structures. These findings suggest that epithelial JAM-A plays a critical role in controlling mucosal repair in vivo through dynamic regulation of focal adhesions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Liu H. The Roles of Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs) in Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843671. [PMID: 35356274 PMCID: PMC8959349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The review briefly summarizes the role of the family of adhesion molecules, JAMs (junctional adhesion molecules), in various cell migration, covering germ cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, several leukocytes, and different cancer cells. These functions affect multiple diseases, including reproductive diseases, inflammation-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. JAMs bind to both similar and dissimilar proteins and take both similar and dissimilar effects on different cells. Concluding relevant results provides a reference to further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Han Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells’ migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian Y, Fopiano KA, Buncha V, Lang L, Rudic RD, Filosa JA, Dou H, Bagi Z. Aging-induced impaired endothelial wall shear stress mechanosensing causes arterial remodeling via JAM-A/F11R shedding by ADAM17. GeroScience 2022; 44:349-369. [PMID: 34718985 PMCID: PMC8810930 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological vascular remodeling is uniquely driven by mechanical forces from blood flow in which wall shear stress (WSS) mechanosensing by the vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role. This study aimed to determine the novel role for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) in impaired WSS mechanosensing, which was hypothesized to contribute to aging-associated abnormal vascular remodeling. Without changes in arterial blood pressure and blood flow rate, skeletal muscle resistance arteries of aged mice (30-month-old vs. 12-week-old) exhibited impaired WSS mechanosensing and displayed inward hypertrophic arterial remodeling. These vascular changes were recapitulated by in vivo confined, AAV9-mediated overexpression of ADAM17 in the resistance arteries of young mice. An aging-related increase in ADAM17 expression reduced the endothelial junction level of its cleavage substrate, junctional adhesion molecule-A/F11 receptor (JAM-A/F11R). In cultured endothelial cells subjected to steady WSS ADAM17 activation or JAM-A/F11R knockdown inhibited WSS mechanosensing. The ADAM17-activation induced, impaired WSS mechanosensing was normalized by overexpression of ADAM17 cleavage resistant, mutated JAM-AV232Y both in cultured endothelial cells and in resistance arteries of aged mice, in vivo. These data demonstrate a novel role for ADAM17 in JAM-A/F11R cleavage-mediated impaired endothelial WSS mechanosensing and subsequently developed abnormal arterial remodeling in aging. ADAM17 could prove to be a key regulator of WSS mechanosensing, whereby it can also play a role in pathological vascular remodeling in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Tian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Katie Anne Fopiano
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vadym Buncha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jessica A Filosa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Huijuan Dou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thölmann S, Seebach J, Otani T, Florin L, Schnittler H, Gerke V, Furuse M, Ebnet K. JAM-A interacts with α3β1 integrin and tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 to regulate collective cell migration of polarized epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:88. [PMID: 35067832 PMCID: PMC8784505 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractJunctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A is a cell adhesion receptor localized at epithelial cell–cell contacts with enrichment at the tight junctions. Its role during cell–cell contact formation and epithelial barrier formation has intensively been studied. In contrast, its role during collective cell migration is largely unexplored. Here, we show that JAM-A regulates collective cell migration of polarized epithelial cells. Depletion of JAM-A in MDCK cells enhances the motility of singly migrating cells but reduces cell motility of cells embedded in a collective by impairing the dynamics of cryptic lamellipodia formation. This activity of JAM-A is observed in cells grown on laminin and collagen-I but not on fibronectin or vitronectin. Accordingly, we find that JAM-A exists in a complex with the laminin- and collagen-I-binding α3β1 integrin. We also find that JAM-A interacts with tetraspanins CD151 and CD9, which both interact with α3β1 integrin and regulate α3β1 integrin activity in different contexts. Mapping experiments indicate that JAM-A associates with α3β1 integrin and tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 through its extracellular domain. Similar to depletion of JAM-A, depletion of either α3β1 integrin or tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 in MDCK cells slows down collective cell migration. Our findings suggest that JAM-A exists with α3β1 integrin and tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 in a functional complex to regulate collective cell migration of polarized epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Thölmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan A, Ni W, Lopez-Giraldez F, Kluger MS, Pober JS, Pierce RW. Tumor necrosis factor-induced ArhGEF10 selectively activates RhoB contributing to human microvascular endothelial cell tight junction disruption. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21627. [PMID: 33948992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002783rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Capillary endothelial cells (ECs) maintain a semi-permeable barrier between the blood and tissue by forming inter-EC tight junctions (TJs), regulating selective transport of fluid and solutes. Overwhelming inflammation, as occurs in sepsis, disrupts these TJs, leading to leakage of fluid, proteins, and small molecules into the tissues. Mechanistically, disruption of capillary barrier function is mediated by small Rho-GTPases, such as RhoA, -B, and -C, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and disrupted by GTPase-activating factors (GAPs). We previously reported that a mutation in a specific RhoB GAP (p190BRhoGAP) underlays a hereditary capillary leak syndrome. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment disrupts TJs in cultured human microvascular ECs, a model of capillary leak. This response requires new gene transcription and involves increased RhoB activation. However, the specific GEF that activates RhoB in capillary ECs remains unknown. Transcriptional profiling of cultured tight junction-forming human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) revealed that 17 GEFs were significantly induced by TNF. The function of each candidate GEF was assessed by short interfering RNA depletion and trans-endothelial electrical resistance screening. Knockown of ArhGEF10 reduced the TNF-induced loss of barrier which was phenocopied by RhoB or dual ArhGEF10/RhoB knockdown. ArhGEF10 knockdown also reduced the extent of TNF-induced RhoB activation and disruption at tight junctions. In a cell-free assay, immunoisolated ArhGEF10 selectively catalyzed nucleotide exchange to activate RhoB, but not RhoA or RhoC. We conclude ArhGEF10 is a TNF-induced RhoB-selective GEF that mediates TJ disruption and barrier loss in human capillary endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alamzeb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiming Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Martin S Kluger
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard W Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanoregulation of PDZ Proteins, An Emerging Function. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2256:257-275. [PMID: 34014527 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1166-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces have emerged as essential regulators of cell organization, proliferation, migration, and polarity to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in forces or loss of the cellular response to them can result in abnormal embryonic development and diseases. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been put in deciphering the molecular mechanisms that convert forces into biochemical signals, allowing for the identification of many mechanotransducer proteins. Here we discuss how PDZ proteins are emerging as new mechanotransducer proteins by altering their conformations or localizations upon force loads, leading to the formation of macromolecular modules tethering the cell membrane to the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zmurchok C, Collette J, Rajagopal V, Holmes WR. Membrane Tension Can Enhance Adaptation to Maintain Polarity of Migrating Cells. Biophys J 2020; 119:1617-1629. [PMID: 32976760 PMCID: PMC7642449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory cells are known to adapt to environments that contain wide-ranging levels of chemoattractant. Although biochemical models of adaptation have been previously proposed, here, we discuss a different mechanism based on mechanosensing, in which the interaction between biochemical signaling and cell tension facilitates adaptation. We describe and analyze a model of mechanochemical-based adaptation coupling a mechanics-based physical model of cell tension coupled with the wave-pinning reaction-diffusion model for Rac GTPase activity. The mathematical analysis of this model, simulations of a simplified one-dimensional cell geometry, and two-dimensional finite element simulations of deforming cells reveal that as a cell protrudes under the influence of high stimulation levels, tension-mediated inhibition of Rac signaling causes the cell to polarize even when initially overstimulated. Specifically, tension-mediated inhibition of Rac activation, which has been experimentally observed in recent years, facilitates this adaptation by countering the high levels of environmental stimulation. These results demonstrate how tension-related mechanosensing may provide an alternative (and potentially complementary) mechanism for cell adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole Zmurchok
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jared Collette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William R Holmes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haas AJ, Zihni C, Ruppel A, Hartmann C, Ebnet K, Tada M, Balda MS, Matter K. Interplay between Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and JAM-A Regulates Mechanical Load on ZO-1 and Tight Junction Assembly. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107924. [PMID: 32697990 PMCID: PMC7383227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight-junction-regulated actomyosin activity determines epithelial and endothelial tension on adherens junctions and drives morphogenetic processes; however, whether or not tight junctions themselves are under tensile stress is not clear. Here, we use a tension sensor based on ZO-1, a scaffolding protein that links the junctional membrane to the cytoskeleton, to determine if tight junctions carry a mechanical load. Our data indicate that ZO-1 is under mechanical tension and that forces acting on ZO-1 are regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and the junctional adhesion molecule JAM-A. JAM-A depletion stimulates junctional recruitment of p114RhoGEF/ARHGEF18, mechanical tension on ZO-1, and traction forces at focal adhesions. p114RhoGEF is required for activation of junctional actomyosin activity and tight junction integrity on stiff but not soft ECM. Thus, junctional ZO-1 bears a mechanical load, and junction assembly is regulated by interplay between the physical properties of the ECM and adhesion-regulated signaling at tight junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Haas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Ceniz Zihni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Artur Ruppel
- LiPhy, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity," Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity," Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Karl Matter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Post-translational modifications of tight junction transmembrane proteins and their direct effect on barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183330. [PMID: 32376223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination or glycosylation are processes affecting the conformation, stability, localization and function of proteins. There is clear evidence that PTMs can act upon tight junction (TJ) proteins, thus modulating epithelial barrier function. Compared to transcriptional or translational regulation, PTMs are rapid and more dynamic processes so in the context of barrier maintenance they might be essential for coping with changing environmental or external impacts. The aim of this review is to extract literature deciphering PTMs in TJ proteins directly contributing to epithelial barrier changes in permeability to ions and macromolecules. It is not intended to cover the entire scope of PTMs in TJ proteins and should rather be understood as a digest of TJ protein modifications directly resulting in the tightening or opening of the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yi L, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Dong J. CX3CL1 Induces Vertebral Microvascular Barrier Dysfunction via the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:96. [PMID: 32390803 PMCID: PMC7193116 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells is a critical step in metastasis. Micro-vascular barrier disruptions of distant organs play important roles in tumor cells TEM. The spine is a preferred site for multiple cancer cell metastases. Our previous study found that vertebral spongy bone was rich in CX3CL1 and that CX3CL1 can attract fractalkine receptor-expressing tumor cells to the spine. In the present study, we determined whether CX3CL1 was involved in vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption and promoted tumor cell TEM after circulating tumor cells were arrested in the vertebral micro-vasculature. We examined the role of CX3CL1 in the barrier function of vertebral micro-vascular endothelial cells (VMECs) and explored the molecular mechanisms of CX3CL1-induced VMEC barrier disruption. Our results demonstrated that CX3CL1 led to F-actin formation and ZO-1 disruption in VMECs and induced the vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption. Importantly, we found that the activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in CX3CL1-induced VMEC stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vertebral micro-vascular barrier hyper-permeability. Inhibiting Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling in VMECs effectively blocked CX3CL1-induced vertebral vascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent tumor cell TEM. The results of this study and our previous study indicate that in addition to its chemotaxis, CX3CL1 plays a critical role in regulating vertebral micro-vascular barrier function and tumor cell TEM. CX3CL1 induced VMECs stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vascular endothelial hyperpermeability via activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway. The inhibition of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway in VMECs effectively blocked tumor cells TEMs in vertebral spongy bone and maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for spine metastases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isozaki Y, Sakai K, Kohiro K, Kagoshima K, Iwamura Y, Sato H, Rindner D, Fujiwara S, Yamashita K, Mizuno K, Ohashi K. The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor Solo decelerates collective cell migration by modulating the Rho-ROCK pathway and keratin networks. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:741-752. [PMID: 32049581 PMCID: PMC7185966 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays crucial roles in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and cancer cell invasion. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Previously, we showed that the RhoA-targeting guanine nucleotide exchange factor Solo (ARHGEF40) is required for tensile force–induced RhoA activation and proper organization of keratin-8/keratin-18 (K8/K18) networks. Here, we demonstrate that Solo knockdown significantly increases the rate at which Madin-Darby canine kidney cells collectively migrate on collagen gels. However, it has no apparent effect on the migratory speed of solitary cultured cells. Therefore, Solo decelerates collective cell migration. Moreover, Solo localized to the anteroposterior regions of cell–cell contact sites in collectively migrating cells and was required for the local accumulation of K8/K18 filaments in the forward areas of the cells. Partial Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition or K18 or plakoglobin knockdown also increased collective cell migration velocity. These results suggest that Solo acts as a brake for collective cell migration by generating pullback force at cell–cell contact sites via the RhoA-ROCK pathway. It may also promote the formation of desmosomal cell–cell junctions related to K8/K18 filaments and plakoglobin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Isozaki
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kouki Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenta Kohiro
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kagoshima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daniel Rindner
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sachiko Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burridge K, Monaghan-Benson E, Graham DM. Mechanotransduction: from the cell surface to the nucleus via RhoA. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180229. [PMID: 31431179 PMCID: PMC6627015 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond and adapt to their physical environments and to the mechanical forces that they experience. The translation of physical forces into biochemical signalling pathways is known as mechanotransduction. In this review, we focus on two aspects of mechanotransduction. First, we consider how forces exerted on cell adhesion molecules at the cell surface regulate the RhoA signalling pathway by controlling the activities of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). In the second part of the review, we discuss how the nucleus contributes to mechanotransduction as a physical structure connected to the cytoskeleton. We focus on recent studies that have either severed the connections between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, or that have entirely removed the nucleus from cells. These actions reduce the levels of active RhoA, thereby altering the mechanical properties of cells and decreasing their ability to generate tension and respond to external mechanical forces. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qasim H, Karim ZA, Hernandez KR, Lozano D, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Arhgef1 Plays a Vital Role in Platelet Function and Thrombogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011712. [PMID: 30994039 PMCID: PMC6512111 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Platelets are the cellular mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis, and their function is regulated by a number of molecular mediators, such as small GTP ases. These small GTP ases are themselves regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as Arhgefs, several of which are found in platelets, including the highly expressed Arhgef1. However, the role of Arhgef1 in platelets has not yet been investigated. Methods and Results We employed mice with genetic deletion of Arhgef1 (ie, Arhgef1-/-) and investigated their platelet phenotype by employing a host of in vivo and in vitro platelet assays. Our results indicate that Arhgef1-/- mice had prolonged carotid artery occlusion and tail bleeding times. Moreover, platelets from these mice exhibited defective aggregation, dense and α granule secretion, α II bβ3 integrin activation, clot retraction and spreading, in comparison to their wild-type littermates. Finally, we also found that the mechanism by which Arhgef1 regulates platelets is mediated in part by a defect in the activation of the RhoA-Rho-associated kinase axis, but not Rap1b. Conclusions Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that Arhgef1 plays a critical role in platelet function, in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTX
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTX
| | - Keziah R. Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTX
| | | | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTX
| | - Fatima Z. Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTX
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meshik X, O’Neill PR, Gautam N. Physical Plasma Membrane Perturbation Using Subcellular Optogenetics Drives Integrin-Activated Cell Migration. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:498-510. [PMID: 30764607 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells experience physical deformations to the plasma membrane that can modulate cell behaviors like migration. Understanding the molecular basis for how physical cues affect dynamic cellular responses requires new approaches that can physically perturb the plasma membrane with rapid, reversible, subcellular control. Here we present an optogenetic approach based on light-inducible dimerization that alters plasma membrane properties by recruiting cytosolic proteins at high concentrations to a target site. Surprisingly, this polarized accumulation of proteins in a cell induces directional amoeboid migration in the opposite direction. Consistent with known effects of constraining high concentrations of proteins to a membrane in vitro, there is localized curvature and tension decrease in the plasma membrane. Integrin activity, sensitive to mechanical forces, is activated in this region. Localized mechanical activation of integrin with optogenetics allowed simultaneous imaging of the molecular and cellular response, helping uncover a positive feedback loop comprising SFK- and ERK-dependent RhoA activation, actomyosin contractility, rearward membrane flow, and membrane tension decrease underlying this mode of cell migration.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hashimoto Y, Kinoshita N, Greco TM, Federspiel JD, Jean Beltran PM, Ueno N, Cristea IM. Mechanical Force Induces Phosphorylation-Mediated Signaling that Underlies Tissue Response and Robustness in Xenopus Embryos. Cell Syst 2019; 8:226-241.e7. [PMID: 30852251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are essential drivers of numerous biological processes, notably during development. Although it is well recognized that cells sense and adapt to mechanical forces, the signal transduction pathways that underlie mechanosensing have remained elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of mechanical centrifugation force on phosphorylation-mediated signaling in Xenopus embryos. By monitoring temporal phosphoproteome and proteome alterations in response to force, we discover and validate elevated phosphorylation on focal adhesion and tight junction components, leading to several mechanistic insights into mechanosensing and tissue restoration. First, we determine changes in kinase activity profiles during mechanoresponse, identifying the activation of basophilic kinases. Pathway interrogation using kinase inhibitor treatment uncovers a crosstalk between the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase C (PKC) in mechanoresponse. Second, we find LIM domain 7 protein (Lmo7) as upregulated upon centrifugation, contributing to mechanoresponse. Third, we discover that mechanical compression force induces a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET)-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Division of Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kinoshita
- Division of Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joel D Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pierre M Jean Beltran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Division of Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosas-Hernández R, Bastián Y, Juárez Tello A, Ramírez-Saíto Á, Escobar García DM, Pozos-Guillén A, Mendez JA. AMPA receptors modulate the reorganization of F-actin in Bergmann glia cells through the activation of RhoA. J Neurochem 2019; 149:242-254. [PMID: 30589940 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptors have been shown to modulate the morphology of the lamelar processes of Bergmann glia cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Here we suggest that reorganization of F-actin may underlay the changes in the morphology of the lamelar processes. Using the fluorescent staining of F-actin with Phalloidin and the quantification of RhoA activation through immunoprecipitation or pull-down assays, we show that RhoA is activated after stimulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors and leads to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of Bergmann fibers. This reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is reflected in the form of an increase in the intensity of the F-actin staining as well as in the loss of the number of Bergmann fibers stained with Phalloidin. Moreover, using a pharmacological approach, we show that activation of RhoA and the change in the intensity of the F-actin staining depends on the activation of PI3-K, focal adhesion kinase, and protein kinase C, whereas changes in the number of Bergmann fibers depend on external calcium in a RhoA independent manner. Our findings show that glutamate may induce a form of structural plasticity in Bergmann glia cells through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This may have implications in the way the synaptic transmission is processed in the cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadira Bastián
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, IMSS, Zacatecas, México
| | - Andrea Juárez Tello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Physics, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Diana María Escobar García
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - J Alfredo Mendez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Physics, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kruse K, Lee QS, Sun Y, Klomp J, Yang X, Huang F, Sun MY, Zhao S, Hong Z, Vogel SM, Shin JW, Leckband DE, Tai LM, Malik AB, Komarova YA. N-cadherin signaling via Trio assembles adherens junctions to restrict endothelial permeability. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:299-316. [PMID: 30463880 PMCID: PMC6314553 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a role for endothelial N-cadherin in the regulation of endothelial permeability in the brain and lung. N-cadherin adhesions formed between endothelial cells and pericytes increase the abundance of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions through the RhoGEF Trio-dependent activation of RhoA and Rac1. Vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin forms homotypic adherens junctions (AJs) in the endothelium, whereas N-cadherin forms heterotypic adhesion between endothelial cells and surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Here we addressed the question whether both cadherin adhesion complexes communicate through intracellular signaling and contribute to the integrity of the endothelial barrier. We demonstrated that deletion of N-cadherin (Cdh2) in either endothelial cells or pericytes increases junctional endothelial permeability in lung and brain secondary to reduced accumulation of VE-cadherin at AJs. N-cadherin functions by increasing the rate of VE-cadherin recruitment to AJs and induces the assembly of VE-cadherin junctions. We identified the dual Rac1/RhoA Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Trio as a critical component of the N-cadherin adhesion complex, which activates both Rac1 and RhoA signaling pathways at AJs. Trio GEF1-mediated Rac1 activation induces the recruitment of VE-cadherin to AJs, whereas Trio GEF2-mediated RhoA activation increases intracellular tension and reinforces Rac1 activation to promote assembly of VE-cadherin junctions and thereby establish the characteristic restrictive endothelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Quinn S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeff Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhigang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eisler SA, Curado F, Link G, Schulz S, Noack M, Steinke M, Olayioye MA, Hausser A. A Rho signaling network links microtubules to PKD controlled carrier transport to focal adhesions. eLife 2018; 7:35907. [PMID: 30028295 PMCID: PMC6070338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that is required for the structural integrity and function of the Golgi complex. Despite its importance in the regulation of Golgi function, the molecular mechanisms regulating PKD activity are still incompletely understood. Using the genetically encoded PKD activity reporter G-PKDrep we now uncover a Rho signaling network comprising GEF-H1, the RhoGAP DLC3, and the Rho effector PLCε that regulate the activation of PKD at trans-Golgi membranes. We further show that this molecular network coordinates the formation of TGN-derived Rab6-positive transport carriers delivering cargo for localized exocytosis at focal adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Filipa Curado
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gisela Link
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Melanie Noack
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Steinke
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Steinbacher T, Kummer D, Ebnet K. Junctional adhesion molecule-A: functional diversity through molecular promiscuity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1393-1409. [PMID: 29238845 PMCID: PMC11105642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) regulate important processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis. This activity is primarily due to their ability to initiate intracellular signaling cascades at cell-cell contact sites. Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an IgSF-CAM with a short cytoplasmic tail that has no catalytic activity. Nevertheless, JAM-A is involved in a variety of biological processes. The functional diversity of JAM-A resides to a large part in a C-terminal PDZ domain binding motif which directly interacts with nine different PDZ domain-containing proteins. The molecular promiscuity of its PDZ domain motif allows JAM-A to recruit protein scaffolds to specific sites of cell-cell adhesion and to assemble signaling complexes at those sites. Here, we review the molecular characteristics of JAM-A, including its dimerization, its interaction with scaffolding proteins, and the phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, and we describe how these characteristics translate into diverse biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He L, Tao J, Maity D, Si F, Wu Y, Wu T, Prasath V, Wirtz D, Sun SX. Role of membrane-tension gated Ca 2+ flux in cell mechanosensation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs208470. [PMID: 29361533 PMCID: PMC5868948 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to mechanical forces they experience from the environment. The process of mechanosensation is complex, and involves elements such as the cytoskeleton and active contraction from myosin motors. Ultimately, mechanosensation is connected to changes in gene expression in the cell, known as mechanotransduction. While the involvement of the cytoskeleton in mechanosensation is known, the processes upstream of cytoskeletal changes are unclear. In this paper, by using a microfluidic device that mechanically compresses live cells, we demonstrate that Ca2+ currents and membrane tension-sensitive ion channels directly signal to the Rho GTPase and myosin contraction. In response to membrane tension changes, cells actively regulate cortical myosin contraction to balance external forces. The process is captured by a mechanochemical model where membrane tension, myosin contraction and the osmotic pressure difference between the cytoplasm and extracellular environment are connected by mechanical force balance. Finally, to complete the picture of mechanotransduction, we find that the tension-sensitive transcription factor YAP family of proteins translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to mechanical compression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Debonil Maity
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Physical Sciences in Oncology Center (PSOC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Fangwei Si
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92010, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Vishnu Prasath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Physical Sciences in Oncology Center (PSOC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Physical Sciences in Oncology Center (PSOC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Van Itallie CM, Anderson JM. Phosphorylation of tight junction transmembrane proteins: Many sites, much to do. Tissue Barriers 2017; 6:e1382671. [PMID: 29083946 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1382671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that can alter protein structure, localization, protein-protein interactions and stability. All of the identified tight junction transmembrane proteins can be multiply phosphorylated, but only in a few cases are the consequences of phosphorylation at specific sites well characterized. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the best understood examples of phosphorylation changes in the integral membrane tight junction proteins in the context of more general overview of the effects of phosphorylation throughout the proteome. We expect as that structural information for the tight junction proteins becomes more widely available and the molecular modeling algorithms improve, so will our understanding of the relevance of phosphorylation changes at single and multiple sites in tight junction proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - James M Anderson
- a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
JAM-A as a prognostic factor and new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 32:736-743. [PMID: 29064484 PMCID: PMC5843918 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion in the multiple myeloma (MM) microenvironment has been recognized as a major mechanism of MM cell survival and the development of drug resistance. Here we addressed the hypothesis that the protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) may represent a novel target and a clinical biomarker in MM. We evaluated JAM-A expression in MM cell lines and in 147 MM patient bone marrow aspirates and biopsies at different disease stages. Elevated JAM-A levels in patient-derived plasma cells were correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, circulating soluble JAM-A (sJAM-A) levels were significantly increased in MM patients as compared with controls. Notably, in vitro JAM-A inhibition impaired MM migration, colony formation, chemotaxis, proliferation and viability. In vivo treatment with an anti-JAM-A monoclonal antibody (αJAM-A moAb) impaired tumor progression in a murine xenograft MM model. These results demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of JAM-A has the potential to prevent MM progression, and lead us to propose JAM-A as a biomarker in MM, and sJAM-A as a serum-based marker for clinical stratification.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): Cell Adhesion Receptors With Pleiotropic Functions in Cell Physiology and Development. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1529-1554. [PMID: 28931565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)-A, -B and -C are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily which are expressed by a variety of tissues, both during development and in the adult organism. Through their extracellular domains, they interact with other adhesion receptors on opposing cells. Through their cytoplasmic domains, they interact with PDZ domain-containing scaffolding and signaling proteins. In combination, these two properties regulate the assembly of signaling complexes at specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. The multitude of molecular interactions has enabled JAMs to adopt distinct cellular functions such as the regulation of cell-cell contact formation, cell migration, or mitotic spindle orientation. Not surprisingly, JAMs regulate diverse processes such as epithelial and endothelial barrier formation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of JAMs, including their characteristic structural features, their molecular interactions, their cellular functions, and their contribution to a multitude of processes during vertebrate development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ebnet K, Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Singh A, Nakayama M, Matis M. Regulation of cell polarity by cell adhesion receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:2-12. [PMID: 28739340 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to polarize is an intrinsic property of almost all cells and is required for the devlopment of most multicellular organisms. To develop cell polarity, cells integrate various signals derived from intrinsic as well as extrinsic sources. In the recent years, cell-cell adhesion receptors have turned out as important regulators of cellular polarization. By interacting with conserved cell polarity proteins, they regulate the recruitment of polarity complexes to specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. By initiating intracellular signaling cascades at those sites, they trigger their specific subcellular activation. Not surprisingly, cell-cell adhesion receptors regulate diverse aspects of cell polarity, including apico-basal polarity in epithelial and endothelial cells, front-to-rear polarity in collectively migrating cells, and planar cell polarity during organ development. Here, we review the recent developments highlighting the central roles of cell-cell adhesion molecules in the development of cell polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Amrita Singh
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schaefer A, van Duijn TJ, Majolee J, Burridge K, Hordijk PL. Endothelial CD2AP Binds the Receptor ICAM-1 To Control Mechanosignaling, Leukocyte Adhesion, and the Route of Leukocyte Diapedesis In Vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4823-4836. [PMID: 28484055 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is driven by excessive transmigration (diapedesis) of leukocytes from the blood to the tissue across the endothelial cell monolayer that lines blood vessels. Leukocyte adhesion, crawling, and transmigration are regulated by clustering of the endothelial mechanosensitive receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Whereas several proteins are known to promote ICAM-1 function, the molecular mechanisms that limit ICAM-1-mediated adhesion to prevent excessive leukocyte transmigration remain unknown. We identify the endothelial actin-binding protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) as a novel interaction partner of ICAM-1. Loss of CD2AP stimulates the dynamics of ICAM-1 clustering, which facilitates the formation of ICAM-1 complexes on the endothelial cell surface. Consequently, neutrophil adhesion is increased, but crawling is decreased. In turn, this promotes the neutrophil preference for the transcellular over the paracellular transmigration route. Mechanistically, CD2AP is required for mechanosensitive ICAM-1 downstream signaling toward activation of the PI3K, and recruitment of F-actin and of the actin-branching protein cortactin. Moreover, CD2AP is necessary for ICAM-1-induced Rac1 recruitment and activation. Mechanical force applied on ICAM-1 impairs CD2AP binding to ICAM-1, suggesting that a tension-induced negative feedback loop promotes ICAM-1-mediated neutrophil crawling and paracellular transmigration. To our knowledge, these data show for the first time that the mechanoreceptor ICAM-1 is negatively regulated by an actin-binding adaptor protein, i.e., CD2AP, to allow a balanced and spatiotemporal control of its adhesive function. CD2AP is important in kidney dysfunction that is accompanied by inflammation. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the role of CD2AP in inflamed vessels, identifying this adaptor protein as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Trynette J van Duijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Burridge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Millon-Frémillon A, Aureille J, Guilluy C. Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads. J Vis Exp 2017:55330. [PMID: 28362397 PMCID: PMC5408950 DOI: 10.3791/55330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive cell surface adhesion complexes allow cells to sense the mechanical properties of their surroundings. Recent studies have identified both force-sensing molecules at adhesion sites, and force-dependent transcription factors that regulate lineage-specific gene expression and drive phenotypic outputs. However, the signaling networks converting mechanical tension into biochemical pathways have remained elusive. To explore the signaling pathways engaged upon mechanical tension applied to cell surface receptor, superparamagnetic microbeads can be used. Here we present a protocol for using magnetic beads to apply forces to cell surface adhesion proteins. Using this approach, it is possible to investigate not only force-dependent cytoplasmic signaling pathways by various biochemical approaches, but also adhesion remodeling by magnetic isolation of adhesion complexes attached to the ligand-coated beads. This protocol includes the preparation of ligand-coated superparamagnetic beads, and the application of define tensile forces followed by biochemical analyses. Additionally, we provide a representative sample of data demonstrating that tension applied to integrin-based adhesion triggers adhesion remodeling and alters protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
p66 Shc Couples Mechanical Signals to RhoA through Focal Adhesion Kinase-Dependent Recruitment of p115-RhoGEF and GEF-H1. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2824-2837. [PMID: 27573018 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00194-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue cells respond to changes in tensional forces with proliferation or death through the control of RhoA. However, the response coupling mechanisms that link force with RhoA activation are poorly understood. We found that tension applied to fibronectin-coated microbeads caused recruitment of all three isoforms of the Shc adapter (p66Shc, p52Shc, and p46Shc) to adhesion complexes. The Shc PTB domain was necessary and sufficient for this recruitment, and screening studies revealed the direct interactions with the FERM domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that were required for Shc translocation to adhesion complexes. The FAK/p66Shc complex specifically bound and activated the Rho guanyl exchange factors (GEFs) p115-RhoGEF and GEF-H1, leading to tension-induced RhoA activation. In contrast, the FAK/p52Shc complex bound SOS1 but not the Rho GEFs to mediate tension-induced Ras activation. Nuclear translocation and activation of the YAP/TAZ transcription factors on firm substrates required the FAK/p66Shc/Rho GEF complex, and both proliferation on firm substrates and anoikis in suspension required signaling through p66Shc and its associated Rho GEFs. These studies reveal the binary and exclusive assignment of p66Shc and p52Shc to tension-induced Rho or Ras signals, respectively, and suggest an integrated role for the two Shc isoforms in coordinating the cellular response to mechanical stimuli.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens. It serves as a protective response that involves leukocytes, blood vessels and molecular mediators with the purpose to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and to initiate tissue repair. Inflammation is tightly regulated by the body and is associated with transient crossing of leukocytes through the blood vessel wall, a process called transendothelial migration (TEM) or diapedesis. TEM is a close collaboration between leukocytes on one hand and the endothelium on the other. Limiting vascular leakage during TEM but also when the leukocyte has crossed the endothelium is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Although many details have been uncovered during the recent years, the molecular mechanisms from the vascular part that drive TEM still shows significant gaps in our understanding. This review will focus on the local signals that are induced in the endothelium that regulate leukocyte TEM and simultaneous preservation of endothelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Schimmel
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Niels Heemskerk
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|