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Schoels M, Zhuang M, Fahrner A, Küchlin S, Sagar, Franz H, Schmitt A, Walz G, Yakulov TA. Single-cell mRNA profiling reveals changes in solute carrier expression and suggests a metabolic switch during zebrafish pronephros development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F826-F837. [PMID: 33749326 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00610.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing organisms need to adapt to environmental variations as well as to rapid changes in substrate availability and energy demands imposed by fast-growing tissues and organs. Little is known about the adjustments that kidneys undergo in response to these challenges. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of zebrafish pronephric duct cells to understand how the developing kidney responds to changes in filtered substrates and intrinsic energy requirements. We found high levels of glucose transporters early in development and increased expression of monocarboxylate transporters at later times. This indicates that the zebrafish embryonic kidney displays a high glucose transporting capacity during early development, which is replaced by the ability to absorb monocarboxylates and amino acids at later stages. This change in transport capacity was accompanied by the upregulation of mitochondrial carriers, indicating a switch to increased oxidative phosphorylation to meet the increasing energy demand of a developing kidney.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The zebrafish embryonic kidney has high levels of glucose transporters during early development, which are replaced by monocarboxylate and amino acid transporters later on. Inhibition of Na+-glucose cotransporter-dependent glucose transport by sotagliflozin also increased slc2a1a expression, supporting the idea that the glucose transport capacity is dynamically adjusted during zebrafish pronephros development. Concurrent upregulation of mitochondrial SCL25 transporters at later stages supports the idea that the pronephros adjusts to changing substrate supplies and/or energy demands during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schoels
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhuang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fahrner
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Küchlin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Ophthamology, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henriette Franz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Schmitt
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toma A Yakulov
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Radler MR, Suber A, Spiliotis ET. Spatial control of membrane traffic in neuronal dendrites. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103492. [PMID: 32294508 PMCID: PMC7317674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal dendrites are highly branched and specialized compartments with distinct structures and secretory organelles (e.g., spines, Golgi outposts), and a unique cytoskeletal organization that includes microtubules of mixed polarity. Dendritic membranes are enriched with proteins, which specialize in the formation and function of the post-synaptic membrane of the neuronal synapse. How these proteins partition preferentially in dendrites, and how they traffic in a manner that is spatiotemporally accurate and regulated by synaptic activity are long-standing questions of neuronal cell biology. Recent studies have shed new insights into the spatial control of dendritic membrane traffic, revealing new classes of proteins (e.g., septins) and cytoskeleton-based mechanisms with dendrite-specific functions. Here, we review these advances by revisiting the fundamental mechanisms that control membrane traffic at the levels of protein sorting and motor-driven transport on microtubules and actin filaments. Overall, dendrites possess unique mechanisms for the spatial control of membrane traffic, which might have specialized and co-evolved with their highly arborized morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Radler
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ayana Suber
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Elmarakby A, Faulkner J, Pati P, Rudic RD, Bergson C. Increased arterial pressure in mice with overexpression of the ADHD candidate gene calcyon in forebrain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211903. [PMID: 30753204 PMCID: PMC6372185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral function is well established. However, it is not clear whether a common mechanism could underlie the relationship between elevated BP and cognitive deficits. The expression of calcyon, a gene abundant in catecholaminergic and hypothalamic nuclei along with other forebrain regions, is increased in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which is a widely accepted animal model of essential hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies demonstrated that mice with up-regulation of calcyon in forebrain (CalOE) exhibit deficits in working memory. To date, there is no evidence directly connecting calcyon to BP regulation. Here, we investigated whether forebrain up-regulation of calcyon alters BP using radiotelemetry. We found that CalOE mice exhibited higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to tTA controls. Plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in CalOE mice compared to tTA controls. Silencing the transgene with doxycycline normalized BP in CalOE mice, whereas challenging the mice with 4% high salt diet for 12 days exacerbated the MAP differences between CalOE and tTA mice. High salt diet challenge also increased proteinuria and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in tTA and CalOE; and the increases were more prominent in CalOE mice. Taken together, our data suggest that upregulation of calcyon in forebrain could increase BP via alterations in noradrenergic transmission and increased oxidative stress during high salt challenge. Overall, this study reveals that calcyon could be a novel neural regulator of BP raising the possibility that it could play a role in the development of vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Faulkner
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - R. Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Clare Bergson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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Neuron-Specific Gene 2 (NSG2) Encodes an AMPA Receptor Interacting Protein That Modulates Excitatory Neurotransmission. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0292-18. [PMID: 30680309 PMCID: PMC6345199 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0292-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons have evolved a number of unique protein-coding genes that regulate trafficking of protein complexes within small organelles throughout dendrites and axons. Neuron-specific gene 2 (NSG2) encodes for one of the most abundant proteins in the nervous system during perinatal development. NSG2 belongs to a family of small neuronal endosomal proteins but its function has remained uncharacterized to date. Here, we show that NSG2 is found in discrete punctae restricted to the somatodendritic arbors of developing mouse and human neurons, and a significant proportion of NSG2 punctae colocalize with postsynaptic HOMER1 and surface-expressed AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses. Immunoprecipitation revealed that NSG2 physically interacts with both the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunits in mouse brain. Knock-out of NSG2 in mouse hippocampal neurons selectively impaired the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) and caused alterations in PSD95 expression at postsynaptic densities (PSDs). In contrast, NSG2 overexpression caused a significant increase in the amplitude of mEPSCs as well as GluA2 surface expression. Thus, NSG2 functions as an AMPAR-binding protein that is required for normal synapse formation and/or maintenance, and has unique functions compared with other NSG family members.
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