1
|
Doddihal V, Mann FG, Ross EJ, McKinney MC, Guerrero-Hernández C, Brewster CE, McKinney SA, Sánchez Alvarado A. A PAK family kinase and the Hippo/Yorkie pathway modulate WNT signaling to functionally integrate body axes during regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321919121. [PMID: 38713625 PMCID: PMC11098123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321919121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration of missing tissues requires seamless integration of positional information along the body axes. Planarians, which regenerate from almost any injury, use conserved, developmentally important signaling pathways to pattern the body axes. However, the molecular mechanisms which facilitate cross talk between these signaling pathways to integrate positional information remain poorly understood. Here, we report a p21-activated kinase (smed-pak1) which functionally integrates the anterior-posterior (AP) and the medio-lateral (ML) axes. pak1 inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling along the AP axis and, functions synergistically with the β-catenin-independent WNT signaling of the ML axis. Furthermore, this functional integration is dependent on warts and merlin-the components of the Hippo/Yorkie (YKI) pathway. Hippo/YKI pathway is a critical regulator of body size in flies and mice, but our data suggest the pathway regulates body axes patterning in planarians. Our study provides a signaling network integrating positional information which can mediate coordinated growth and patterning during planarian regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Doddihal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO64110
| | | | - Eric J. Ross
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO64110
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Makhnovskii PA, Lednev EM, Gavrilova AO, Kurochkina NS, Vepkhvadze TF, Shestakova MV, Popov DV. Dysregulation of early gene response to a mixed meal in skeletal muscle in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:468-477. [PMID: 37545425 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00046.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity- and type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced changes in the expression of protein-coding genes in human skeletal muscle were extensively examined at baseline (after an overnight fast). We aimed to compare the early transcriptomic response to a typical single meal in skeletal muscle of metabolically healthy subjects and obese individuals without and with type 2 diabetes. Transcriptomic response (RNA-seq) to a mixed meal (nutritional drink, ∼25 kJ/kg of body mass) was examined in the vastus lateralis muscle (1 h after a meal) in 7 healthy subjects and 14 obese individuals without or with type 2 diabetes. In all obese individuals, the transcriptome response to a meal was dysregulated (suppressed and altered) and associated with different biological processes compared with healthy control. To search for potential transcription factors regulating transcriptomic response to a meal, the enrichment of transcription factor-binding sites in individual promoters of the human skeletal muscle was examined. In obese individuals, the transcriptomic response is associated with a different set of transcription factors than that in healthy subjects. In conclusion, metabolic disorders are associated with a defect in the regulation of mixed meal/insulin-mediated gene expression-insulin resistance in terms of gene expression. Importantly, this dysregulation occurs in obese individuals without type 2 diabetes, i.e., at the first stage of the development of metabolic disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In skeletal muscle of metabolically healthy subjects, a typical single meal normalized to body mass induces activation of various transcription factors, expression of numerous receptor tyrosine kinases associated with the insulin signaling cascade, and transcription regulators. In skeletal muscle of obese individuals without and with type 2 diabetes, this signaling network is poorly regulated at the transcriptional level, indicating dysregulation of the early gene response to a mixed meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor M Lednev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Diabetes Institute, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina O Gavrilova
- Diabetes Institute, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadia S Kurochkina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Vepkhvadze
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pusec CM, Ilievski V, De Jesus A, Farooq Z, Zapater JL, Sweis N, Ismail H, Khan MW, Ardehali H, Cordoba-Chacon J, Layden BT. Liver-specific overexpression of HKDC1 increases hepatocyte size and proliferative capacity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8034. [PMID: 37198225 PMCID: PMC10192376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary role of the liver is to regulate whole body glucose homeostasis. Glucokinase (GCK) is the main hexokinase (HK) expressed in hepatocytes and functions to phosphorylate the glucose that enters via GLUT transporters to become glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which subsequently commits glucose to enter downstream anabolic and catabolic pathways. In the recent years, hexokinase domain-containing-1 (HKDC1), a novel 5th HK, has been characterized by our group and others. Its expression profile varies but has been identified to have low basal expression in normal liver but increases during states of stress including pregnancy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Here, we have developed a stable overexpression model of hepatic HKDC1 in mice to examine its effect on metabolic regulation. We found that HKDC1 overexpression, over time, causes impaired glucose homeostasis in male mice and shifts glucose metabolism towards anabolic pathways with an increase in nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, we observed these mice to have larger liver sizes due to greater hepatocyte proliferative potential and cell size, which in part, is mediated via yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Pusec
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilievski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph L Zapater
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia Sweis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kilanowska A, Ziółkowska A. Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes: Can It Be Prevented? Hippo Pathway Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:636. [PMID: 35054822 PMCID: PMC8775644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease of complex etiology and pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia leads to many serious complications, but also directly initiates the process of β cell apoptosis. A potential strategy for the preservation of pancreatic β cells in diabetes may be to inhibit the implementation of pro-apoptotic pathways or to enhance the action of pancreatic protective factors. The Hippo signaling pathway is proposed and selected as a target to manipulate the activity of its core proteins in therapy-basic research. MST1 and LATS2, as major upstream signaling kinases of the Hippo pathway, are considered as target candidates for pharmacologically induced tissue regeneration and inhibition of apoptosis. Manipulating the activity of components of the Hippo pathway offers a wide range of possibilities, and thus is a potential tool in the treatment of diabetes and the regeneration of β cells. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the processes involved in apoptosis in diabetic states and completely characterize the role of this pathway in diabetes. Therapy consisting of slowing down or stopping the mechanisms of apoptosis may be an important direction of diabetes treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kilanowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-001 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|