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Laferton JAC, Schiller S, Conrad D, Fischer D, Zimmermann-Viehoff F. Stress beliefs moderate the impact of COVID-19 related work stress on depressive, anxiety and distress symptoms in health care workers. Stress Health 2024:e3410. [PMID: 38642346 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Health care workers are at increased risk for mental health issues due to high psychological and physical job demands. According to a recent study, stress beliefs (i.e., believing stress to be detrimental to one's health) might influence physicians' mental health in response to a naturalistic stressor (COVID-19 hospital working conditions). Due to a small sample size and high alpha error inflation, the suggested association needs to be interpreted with caution. The current study aims to replicate those findings in a larger sample. A cross-sectional survey among N = 418 (64.1% female; Median age = 30-39 years) physicians and nurses of a large German medical centre was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (May/June 2021). Perception of pandemic related increase of work stress was assessed via self-report. Stress beliefs were assessed with the Beliefs About Stress Scale, and mental health symptoms were assessed with the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Stress beliefs moderated the association between increased work stress and mental health symptoms. Increased work stress was associated with increased depressive, anxiety and distress symptoms only in health care workers with medium (simple slope = 2.22, p < .001; simple slope = 1.27, p < .001; simple slope = 3.19, p < .001) and high (simple slope = 3.13; p < .001; simple slope = 1.66, p < .05; simple slope = 4.33, p < .001) negative stress beliefs. Among health care workers with low negative stress beliefs increased work stress was not associated with increased depressive, anxiety and distress symptoms. This confirms negative stress beliefs as variable of interest in research on the impact of stress on mental health in health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A C Laferton
- Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine & Department of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saskia Schiller
- Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine & Department of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela Conrad
- Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine & Department of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fischer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff
- Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine & Department of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Xie Y, Jiao Y, Shi L, Liu D, Liu Y, Tang Z, Gong W, Yu H, Ma Y. A study on the influencing factors of mental health of Chinese garden workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:765. [PMID: 38475777 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational hazards occur in all walks of life. China's horticulture industry is undergoing rapid development. However, the mental health of garden workers has not received much attention. This study investigates the mental health status and influencing factors of Chinese garden workers and provides a basis for promoting their mental health and ensuring the healthy development of Chinese horticulture. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of garden workers in Beijing was conducted from 10 July 2021 to 10 October 2021. A total of 3349 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 95.69%. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depression of garden workers, and the influencing factors affecting the mental health of Chinese garden workers were found through a t-test, variance analysis, and ordinal multi-class logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Survey respondents were mostly male (54.4%) and under the age of 40 (64.1%). The anxiety and depression symptoms of the garden workers were moderate. Among staff members, 40.2% were in a normal state of stress. Gender, three meals on time, monthly income, and job satisfaction were the factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among garden workers. CONCLUSION Compared to medical staff and other groups, the stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms of Chinese garden workers are severe. Gender, monthly income, and job satisfaction are important factors affecting their mental health. Managers should continuously improve the working environment of garden workers, provide salaries that match their positions, and improve their job recognition and satisfaction to reduce the impact of negative emotions on personal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Xie
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Marxism, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanshuo Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China.
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Wekenborg MK, von Dawans B, Gienger NT, Wierick A, Weitz J, Dobroschke JC. Beliefs about stress moderate the association between COVID-19-related work demands and burnout symptoms in physicians. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3278. [PMID: 37246721 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study set out to investigate the role of different stress beliefs (positive and negative beliefs about stress, as well as perceived control) on the association between central COVID-19-related work demands and burnout symptoms in physicians during the second lockdown of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. N = 154 practicing physicians (mean [SD] age = 37.21 [9.43] years]; 57.14% female) participated in our cross-sectional German-wide online survey and answered questions about sociodemographic factors, their current work situation, their stress beliefs, and their current burnout symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed significant interaction effects between stress beliefs and specific COVID-19-related work demands on the prediction of burnout symptoms, most consistent with respect to perceived control. Positive believes about stress and its controllability were cross-sectional associated with reduced, negative believes about stress however with enhanced associations between COVID-19-related work demands and burnout symptoms. This finding indicates, if confirmed by longitudinal research, the potential of the usage of stress beliefs in prevention programs for physicians in order to mitigating negative effects of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Katharina Wekenborg
- Chair of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernadette von Dawans
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Ann Wierick
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Christian Dobroschke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Proctology, Helios Klinikum Pirna, Dresden, Germany
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Mansell PC, Turner MJ. The mediating role of proactive coping in the relationships between stress mindset, challenge appraisal tendencies, and psychological wellbeing. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1140790. [PMID: 37941750 PMCID: PMC10628836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress is ubiquitous and how individuals view the nature of stress can influence psychological wellbeing. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of proactive coping on the relationships between stress mindset and challenge appraisal tendencies and examine how this in turn related to psychological wellbeing. A secondary aim was to investigate if there were any differences in stress mindset between athletes and non-athletes. It was hypothesised that stress mindset would be indirectly positively associated with challenge appraisal tendencies through proactive coping, that a challenge appraisal tendency would positively relate to vitality, and that vitality would negatively relate to depressive symptoms. It was also hypothesised that athletes would possess more facilitative views of stress compared with non-athletes. Methods Two hundred and seven individuals (n = 101 athletes, n = 106 non-athletes, Mage = 22.76 years, SD = 4.94) completed an online questionnaire pack assessing stress mindset, proactive coping, challenge appraisal tendencies, vitality, and depressive symptoms. Results Using path analysis, the hypothesised model demonstrated a good fit to the data and the positive relationship between stress mindset and challenge appraisal tendencies was mediated by proactive coping. Challenge appraisal tendencies were positively associated with vitality, which was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Athletes reported a significantly greater 'stress-is-enhancing' mindset, greater vitality, and fewer depressive symptoms than non-athletes. Conclusion Findings offer support for the role that stress mindset has in potentially influencing psychological wellbeing and offer the novel suggestion that this mechanism may operate through proactive coping and challenge appraisal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Mansell
- School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Lee K, Lee YH, Park Y, Park Y, Yu Y, Park J, Noh S. The Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Based Physical Activity Program for Treating Depression, Stress, Psychological Well-Being, and Quality of Life Among Adults: Quantitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e46286. [PMID: 37358905 DOI: 10.2196/46286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a substantial global health problem, affecting >300 million people and resulting in 12.7% of all deaths. Depression causes various physical and cognitive problems, leading to a 5-year to 10-year decrease in life expectancy compared with the general population. Physical activity is known to be an effective, evidence-based treatment for depression. However, people generally have difficulties with participating in physical activity owing to limitations in time and accessibility. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, this study aimed to contribute to the development of alternative and innovative intervention methods for depression and stress management in adults. More specifically, we attempted to investigate the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based physical activity program on depression, perceived stress, psychological well-being, and quality of life among adults in South Korea. METHODS Participants were recruited and randomly assigned to the mobile phone intervention or waitlist group. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess variables before and after treatment. The treatment group used the program around 3 times per week at home for 4 weeks, with each session lasting about 30 minutes. To evaluate the program's impact, a 2 (condition) × 2 (time) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted, considering pretreatment and posttreatment measures along with group as independent variables. For a more detailed analysis, paired-samples 2-tailed t tests were used to compare pretreatment and posttreatment measurements within each group. Independent-samples 2-tailed t tests were conducted to assess intergroup differences in pretreatment measurements. RESULTS The study included a total of 68 adults aged between 18 and 65 years, who were recruited both through web-based and offline methods. Of these 68 individuals, 41 (60%) were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 27 (40%) to the waitlist group. The attrition rate was 10.2% after 4 weeks. The findings indicated that there is a significant main effect of time (F1,60=15.63; P=.003; ηp2=0.21) in participants' depression scores, indicating that there were changes in depression level across time. No significant changes were observed in perceived stress (P=.25), psychological well-being (P=.35), or quality of life (P=.07). Furthermore, depression scores significantly decreased in the treatment group (from 7.08 to 4.64; P=.03; Cohen d=0.50) but not in the waitlist group (from 6.72 to 5.08; P=.20; Cohen d=0.36). Perceived stress score of the treatment group also significantly decreased (from 2.95 to 2.72; P=.04; Cohen d=0.46) but not in the waitlist group (from 2.82 to 2.74; P=.55; Cohen d=0.15). CONCLUSIONS This study provided experimental evidence that mobile phone-based physical activity program affects depression significantly. By exploring the potential of mobile phone-based physical activity programs as a treatment option, this study sought to improve accessibility and encourage participation in physical activity, ultimately promoting better mental health outcomes for individuals with depression and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsook Kim
- Hanyang Digital Healthcare Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Policy, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kikwang Lee
- Department of Sport, Health, and Rehabilitation, College of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hoon Lee
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yonghyun Park
- Hanyang Digital Healthcare Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Yu
- Department of Sport, Health, and Rehabilitation, College of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyeon Noh
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ma X, Li Z, Lu F. The influence of stressful life events on procrastination among college students: multiple mediating roles of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1104057. [PMID: 37251064 PMCID: PMC10213235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have documented the relationship between stressful life events and procrastination, which is a prevalent and troubling problem among college students. In this regard, the current study examined the association between stressful life events and procrastination through potential mediating effects of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations. Methods A cross-sectional design was carried out and data were collected from a total of 794 Chinese college students with measures of stressful life events, core self-evaluations, stress beliefs, and procrastination. Results Stressful life events was positively associated with procrastination in college students. Stress beliefs and core self-evaluations played multiple mediating roles in this relationship. Discussion The study provided a novel perspective of finding the possible causes of procrastination in college students and highlighted the roles of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations.
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Laferton JAC, Bartsch LM, Möschinger T, Baldelli L, Frick S, Breitenstein CJ, Züger R, Annen H, Fischer S. Effects of stress beliefs on the emotional and biological response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106091. [PMID: 36996573 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative beliefs about stress (e.g., "stress is bad") constitute an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. One potential underlying mechanism are altered responses to acute psychosocial stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether beliefs about stress are associated with physiological and endocrine stress response patterns. METHODS A total of N = 77 healthy adults were randomised to an experimental and a placebo control group and were subsequently exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Stress beliefs were measured before and after a psychological manipulation aiming at fostering more balanced stress beliefs or a placebo manipulation. Self-reported stress was measured four times before/after the TSST, heart rate was assessed continuously, and cortisol was assessed eight times before/after the TSST. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in negative stress beliefs (p < .001) and increase in positive stress beliefs (p < .001) in participants in the experimental condition, which was absent in participants in the placebo condition. The participants in the experimental group had more pronounced self-reported stress reactions (p = .028) while at the same time also showing more pronounced stress recoveries (p = .036). The findings regarding cortisol were mixed. CONCLUSIONS More balanced stress beliefs appeared to be associated with more efficient subjective responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings attest to a potential mechanism translating negative stress beliefs into ill health while at the same time outlining targets for psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Möschinger
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Baldelli
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Frick
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina J Breitenstein
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Züger
- Swiss Military Academy at ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Annen
- Swiss Military Academy at ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Relationships between Individual and Social Resources, Anxiety and Depression in the Early Lockdown Stage by the COVID-19 in Chile. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100357. [PMID: 36285926 PMCID: PMC9598173 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease has exposed the population to psychosocial threats that could increase mental health problems. This research analyzed the relationships between emotional states (negative [−EWB] and positive [+EWB] experienced well-being), personal resources (resilient coping [RC]), dispositional resources (control beliefs about stress [BAS]), and social resources (social support [SS]), and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of the Chilean population (n = 592), who answered an online questionnaire. Multiple and moderated multiple regression analyses were carried out. Depressive symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (β = 0.805; p < 0.001) and negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.312; p < 0.001), RC (β = −0.089; p < 0.01), BAS (β = −0.183; p < 0.001) and SS (β = −0.082; p < 0.001). Anxiety symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (β = 0.568; p < 0.001), and a negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.101; p < 0.03) and BAS (β = −0.092; p < 0.001). BAS moderated the relationship between experienced well-being and depression symptoms, and RC moderated the relationship between experienced well-being with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings confirm the buffering effect of personal and dispositional resources when facing a sanitary and social crisis. Moreover, they help to understand the role of internal psychological processes during a crisis and how to cope with life-threatening events.
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Yu T, Li J, He L, Pan X. How Work Stress Impacts Emotional Outcomes of Chinese College Teachers: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Stress Mindset and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10932. [PMID: 36078641 PMCID: PMC9518163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the job demands-resources model and conservation of resource theory, this study investigated 456 Chinese college teachers' work stress, stress mindset, resilience, emotional exhaustion, positive affect, and negative affect. The results of mediation analysis showed that resilience played a partial mediation role between work stress and emotional outcomes (emotional exhaustion, positive affect, and negative affect). Moreover, the results of a moderated mediation analysis showed that stress mindset moderated the relationship between work stress and resilience, and moderated the mediating effect of resilience between work stress and emotional outcomes (emotional exhaustion, positive affect, and negative affect). Specifically, work stress had a significant negative predictive effect on resilience when stress mindset is low (β = -0.54, p < 0.001); work stress could also negatively predict resilience when the stress mindset is high (β = -0.47, p < 0.001), but its effect decreased, and stress mindset negatively moderated the path between work stress and resilience. Finally, we discussed theoretical implications, practical implications, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Department of Human Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- College of International Education, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China
| | - Lidong He
- College of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- College of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Mierzejewska-Floreani D, Banaszkiewicz M, Gruszczyńska E. Psychometric properties of the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM) in the Polish population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264853. [PMID: 35316291 PMCID: PMC8939810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The goal of the research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM; general version, SMM-G, and specific version, SMM-S).
Methods
Study 1 was an online survey conducted among 1651 adults (81% women, aged 18–84 years). To assess the theoretical validity of the SMM, the following constructs were also measured: Big Five personality dimensions, positive orientation, self-control, perceived stress at work, depressiveness, assessment of one’s own health, and ego-resiliency. Study 2 was a test-retest reliability measurement and took place 10 months later among 344 participants.
Results
A factor validity was examined using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. EFA revealed a two-factor structure for the SMM-G and a one-factor structure for the SMM-S. However, these models obtained unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indices in the CFA. Among the alternative models, the four-factor hierarchical model was best fitted to the data for both the SMM-G (RMSEA = .038, CFI = .996, TLI = .985) and the SMM-S (RMSEA = .041, CFI = .996, TLI = .990). These results were supported in the test-retest sample (SMM-G: RMSEA = .066, CFI = .990, TLI = .968; SMM-S: RMSEA = .056, CFI = .994, TLI = .983). Thus, four lower-order factors were identified: General, Health and Vitality, Performance and Productivity, Learning and Growth. The reliability of the overall general and specific indices measured with Cronbach’s alpha was high and repeatable in both studies (Study 1: SMM-G α = .88; SMM-S α = .91; Study 2 (SMM-G, α = .87; SMM-S, α = .91). The stability for the SMM-G was satisfactory (r = .62; p < .001), and moderate for SMM-S (r = .46, p < .001). The theoretical validity analysis showed low (< |.40|) correlations in the expected directions with the majority of the selected tools.
Conclusion
The Polish adaptation of the SMM has very good psychometric properties. However, the unidimensional character of the original scale is not confirmed, which was also the case in other existing adaptations. The analyses in a sample several times larger than in previous studies revealed a greater complexity of the construct, identifying one higher-order factor and four lower-order factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Gruszczyńska
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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VITALE E. "Anxiety, Depression and Insomnia Conditions in Italian Nurses
during the First and the Second Waves of the Covid-19 Pandemic". JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2021.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"Background: To assess the levels of anxiety, depression and insomnia among
Italian nurses directly involved in the care of patients with Covid-19,
considering the first and the second wave of the pandemic.
Methods: An online questionnaire was administered on some pages of the
nursing social networks and addressed precisely to nurses directly involved
in the care of patients affected by Covid-19 in two different periods of the
pandemic: during the first wave (March2020 - May 2020) and during the
second wave (October 2020 - November 2020).
Results: A total of 592 nurses agreed to participate in the study: 291 nurses
during the first wave and 301 during the second wave. No significant
differences were recorded among the two groups based on anxiety disorder
(p=.364). A significant difference between the two groups were recorded
considering the depression and the insomnia condition, too (p <.001;
p<.001). Additionally, no significant differences were recorded between the
two waves, both for the anxiety, depression and insomnia disorders. In fact,
there were only sex-related differences for each wave, but between the two
waves the condition among nurses did not vary significantly.
Conclusion: Further psychological support should be implemented and
nurses encouraged in their care of patients suffered from Covid-19."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa VITALE
- Registered Nurse at the Department of Mental Health, ASL Bari, Italy. Contract professor for the basic and specialist degree course in nursing at the University of Bari
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Kube T, Rozenkrantz L. When Beliefs Face Reality: An Integrative Review of Belief Updating in Mental Health and Illness. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:247-274. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620931496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Belief updating is a relatively nascent field of research that examines how people adjust their beliefs in light of new evidence. So far, belief updating has been investigated in partly unrelated lines of research from different psychological disciplines. In this article, we aim to integrate these disparate lines of research. After presenting some prominent theoretical frameworks and experimental designs that have been used for the study of belief updating, we review how healthy people and people with mental disorders update their beliefs after receiving new information that supports or challenges their views. Available evidence suggests that both healthy people and people with particular mental disorders are prone to certain biases when updating their beliefs, although the nature of the respective biases varies considerably and depends on several factors. Anomalies in belief updating are discussed in terms of both new insights into the psychopathology of various mental disorders and societal implications, such as irreconcilable political and societal controversies due to the failure to take information into account that disconfirms one’s own view. We conclude by proposing a novel integrative model of belief updating and derive directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kube
- Program in Placebo Studies, Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau
| | - Liron Rozenkrantz
- Program in Placebo Studies, Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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