1
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Li T, Steibel JP, Willette AA. Vitamin B6, B12, and Folate's Influence on Neural Networks in the UK Biobank Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:2050. [PMID: 38999798 PMCID: PMC11243472 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism coenzymes may influence brain aging in cognitively unimpaired adults. METHODS Baseline data were used from the UK Biobank cohort. Estimated intake of vitamin B6, B12, and folate was regressed onto neural network functional connectivity in five resting-state neural networks. Linear mixed models tested coenzyme main effects and interactions with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors. RESULTS Increased B6 and B12 estimated intake were linked with less functional connectivity in most networks, including the posterior portion of the Default Mode Network. Conversely, higher folate was related to more connectivity in similar networks. AD family history modulated these associations: Increased estimated intake was positively associated with stronger connectivity in the Primary Visual Network and Posterior Default Mode Network in participants with an AD family history. In contrast, increased vitamin B12 estimated intake was associated with less connectivity in the Primary Visual Network and the Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network in those without an AD family history. CONCLUSIONS The differential patterns of association between B vitamins and resting-state brain activity may be important in understanding AD-related changes in the brain. Notably, AD family history appears to play a key role in modulating these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 07101, USA
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2
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Abbaszadeh F, Javadpour P, Mousavi Nasab MM, Jorjani M. The Role of Vitamins in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:4293391. [PMID: 38938696 PMCID: PMC11211004 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4293391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological disease worldwide, often resulting in a substantial decrease in quality of life, disability, and in severe cases, even death. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Nevertheless, current basic and clinical evidence suggests that vitamins, with their antioxidant properties and biological functions, may play a valuable role in improving the quality of life for individuals with SCI. They can promote overall health and facilitate the healing process. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of vitamins in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wolffenbuttel BHR, McCaddon A, Ahmadi KR, Green R. A Brief Overview of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cobalamin (B12) Deficiency. Food Nutr Bull 2024; 45:S40-S49. [PMID: 38987879 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241229500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of adult individuals are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, either from reduced nutritional intake or impaired gastrointestinal B12 absorption. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the current best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. METHODS A narrative literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. RESULTS Prevention and early treatment of B12 deficiency is essential to avoid irreversible neurological consequences. Diagnosis is often difficult due to diverse symptoms, marked differences in diagnostic assays' performance and the unreliability of second-line biomarkers, including holo-transcobalamin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine. Reduced dietary intake of B12 requires oral supplementation. In B12 malabsorption, oral supplementation is likely insufficient, and parenteral (i.e. intramuscular) supplementation is preferred. There is no consensus on the optimal long-term management of B12 deficiency with intramuscular therapy. According to the British National Formulary guidelines, many individuals with B12 deficiency due to malabsorption can be managed with 1000 µg intramuscular hydroxocobalamin once every two months after the initial loading. Long-term B12 supplementation is effective and safe, but responses to treatment may vary considerably. Clinical and patient experience strongly suggests that up to 50% of individuals require individualized injection regimens with more frequent administration, ranging from daily or twice weekly to every 2-4 weeks, to remain symptom-free and maintain a normal quality of life. 'Titration' of injection frequency based on measuring biomarkers such as serum B12 or MMA should not be practiced. There is currently no evidence to support that oral/sublingual supplementation can safely and effectively replace injections. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the interindividual differences in symptomatology and treatment of people with B12 deficiency. Treatment follows an individualized approach, based on the cause of the deficiency, and tailored to help someone to become and remain symptom-free.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew McCaddon
- Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Wrexham University, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh R Ahmadi
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Green
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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4
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Müller T, Riederer P. The vicious circle between homocysteine, methyl group-donating vitamins and chronic levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:631-638. [PMID: 37329350 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker for declined methylation capacity is elevation of homocysteine levels. They increase the risk for onset of vascular disease and contribute to progression of chronic neurodegeneration and aging. This narrative review discusses associations between homocysteine, consumption of methyl group-donating vitamins and impact on disease-generating mechanisms in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. We conclude to recommend levodopa-treated patients to substitute themselves with methyl group-donating vitamins. This is harmless in terms of application of folic acid, methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. Moreover, we suggest a crucial discussion on the value of the various popular hypotheses on Parkinson's disease-generating mechanisms. Findings from studies with acute levodopa exposure describe oxidative stress generation and impaired methylation capacity, which causes gene dysfunction. Their repeated occurrences contribute to onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, iron enrichment and pathologic protein accumulation in the long term. Current research underestimates these epigenetic, metabolic consequences of chronic levodopa application. Supplementary treatment strategies are recommended to avoid levodopa-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstr. 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Redonnet-Vernhet I, Mercié P, Lebreton L, Blouin JM, Bronnimann D, Mesli S, Guibet C, Ribeiro E, Gensous N, Duffau P, Gouya L, Richard E. Preventing hyperhomocysteinemia using vitamin B 6 supplementation in Givosiran-treated acute intermittent porphyria: Highlights from a case report and brief literature review. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101076. [PMID: 38601120 PMCID: PMC11004984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatic porphyrias are inherited metabolic disorders of heme biosynthesis characterized by the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites responsible for disabling acute neurovisceral attacks. Givosiran is a newly approved siRNA-based treatment of acute hepatic porphyria targeting the first and rate-limiting δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) enzyme of heme biosynthetic pathway. We described a 72-year old patient who presented with severe inaugural neurological form of acute intermittent porphyria evolving for several years which made her eligible for givosiran administration. On initiation of treatment, the patient developed a major hyperhomocysteinemia (>400 μmol/L) which necessitated to discontinue the siRNA-based therapy. A thorough metabolic analysis in the patient suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia could be attributed to a functional deficiency of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme induced by givosiran. Long-term treatment with vitamin B6, a cofactor of CBS, allowed to normalize homocysteinemia while givosiran treatment was maintained. We review the recently published cases of hyperhomocysteinemia in acute hepatic porphyria and its exacerbation under givosiran therapy. We also discuss the benefits of vitamin B6 supplementation in the light of hypothetic pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia in these patients. Our results confirmed the importance of monitoring homocysteine metabolism and vitamin status in patients with acute intermittent porphyria in order to improve management by appropriate vitamin supplementation during givosiran treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Redonnet-Vernhet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, MRGM, U1211, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Mercié
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Louis Lebreton
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Blouin
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Didier Bronnimann
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075, France
| | - Samir Mesli
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Guibet
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Ribeiro
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Noémie Gensous
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Univ-Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164 Immunoconcept, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Univ-Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164 Immunoconcept, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Porphyries et anémies rares du métabolisme du fer, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
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6
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Lee FS, Nguyen UN, Munns EJ, Wachs RA. Identification of compounds that cause axonal dieback without cytotoxicity in dorsal root ganglia explants and intervertebral disc cells with potential to treat pain via denervation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300254. [PMID: 38696450 PMCID: PMC11065314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, and cancer patients suffer from chronic pain. Aberrant nerve growth into intervertebral disc, knee, and tumors, are common pathologies that lead to these chronic pain conditions. Axonal dieback induced by capsaicin (Caps) denervation has been FDA-approved to treat painful neuropathies and knee osteoarthritis but with short-term efficacy and discomfort. Herein, we propose to evaluate pyridoxine (Pyr), vincristine sulfate (Vcr) and ionomycin (Imy) as axonal dieback compounds for denervation with potential to alleviate pain. Previous literature suggests Pyr, Vcr, and Imy can cause undesired axonal degeneration, but no previous work has evaluated axonal dieback and cytotoxicity on adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. Thus, we performed axonal dieback screening using adult rat DRG explants in vitro with Caps as a positive control and assessed cytotoxicity. Imy inhibited axonal outgrowth and slowed axonal dieback, while Pyr and Vcr at high concentrations produced significant reduction in axon length and robust axonal dieback within three days. DRGs treated with Caps, Vcr, or Imy had increased DRG cytotoxicity compared to matched controls, but overall cytotoxicity was minimal and at least 88% lower compared to lysed DRGs. Pyr did not lead to any DRG cytotoxicity. Further, neither Pyr nor Vcr triggered intervertebral disc cell death or affected cellular metabolic activity after three days of incubation in vitro. Overall, our findings suggest Pyr and Vcr are not toxic to DRGs and intervertebral disc cells, and there is potential for repurposing these compounds for axonal dieback compounds to cause local denervation and alleviate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei San Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
| | - Uyen N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
| | - Eliza J. Munns
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
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7
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Huang HX, Hobson K, Benedetti C, Kennedy S. Water-soluble vitamins and trace elements in children with chronic kidney disease stage 5d. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1405-1419. [PMID: 37698654 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Children receiving maintenance dialysis (chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5d) have unique risk factors for micronutrient deficiency or toxicity. Children receiving chronic dialysis often require specialized diet plans that may provide more than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of water-soluble vitamins and micronutrients, with or without the addition of a kidney-friendly vitamin. The following is a comprehensive review of current literature on disorders of micronutrients in this population including those of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin B complexes) and trace elements (copper, selenium, and zinc) and has three areas of focus: (1) the risk factors and clinical presentations of disorders of micronutrients, both deficiency and toxicity, (2) the tools to evaluate micronutrient status, and (3) the central role of renal dietitians in optimizing nutritional status from a micronutrient perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly Hobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Sabina Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Office 316J, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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8
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Kashimura A, Nishikawa S, Ozawa Y, Hibino Y, Tateoka T, Mizukawa M, Nishina H, Sakairi T, Shiga T, Aihara N, Kamiie J. Combination of pathological, biochemical and behavioral evaluations for peripheral neurotoxicity assessment in isoniazid-treated rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:69-82. [PMID: 38584972 PMCID: PMC10995436 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In drug development, assessment of non-clinical peripheral neurotoxicity is important to ensure human safety. Clarifying the pathological features and mechanisms of toxicity enables the management of safety risks in humans by estimating the degree of risk and proposing monitoring strategies. Published guidelines for peripheral neurotoxicity assessment do not provide detailed information on which endpoints should be monitored preferentially and how the results should be integrated and discussed. To identify an optimal assessment method for the characterization of peripheral neurotoxicity, we conducted pathological, biochemical (biomaterials contributing to mechanistic considerations and biomarkers), and behavioral evaluations of isoniazid-treated rats. We found a discrepancy between the days on which marked pathological changes were noted and those on which biochemical and behavioral changes were noted, suggesting the importance of combining these evaluations. Although pathological evaluation is essential for pathological characterization, the results of biochemical and behavioral assessments at the same time points as the pathological evaluation are also important for discussion. In this study, since the measurement of serum neurofilament light chain could detect changes earlier than pathological examination, it could be useful as a biomarker for peripheral neurotoxicity. Moreover, examination of semi-thin specimens and choline acetyltransferase immunostaining were useful for characterizing morphological neurotoxicity, and image analysis of semi-thin specimens enabled us to objectively show the pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kashimura
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
| | - Satomi Nishikawa
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ozawa
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yui Hibino
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Tateoka
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mao Mizukawa
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
| | - Hironobu Nishina
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakairi
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku, Innovative Research
Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1
Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shiga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
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Ali S, Dayo M, Alahmadi S, Mohamed A. Chitosan-Supported ZnO Nanoparticles: Their Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for the Removal of Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) from Aqueous Media. Molecules 2024; 29:828. [PMID: 38398580 PMCID: PMC10892826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A composite of chitosan-supported ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/CS) was green-synthesized via an easy and cost-effective method using Chicory (Cichorium intybus) plant extract. The synthesis was confirmed using uv-vis spectrometry at a λmax of 380 nm, and the surface of the material was characterized via FT-IR spectroscopy, and finally via SEM, which confirmed the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of chitosan biopolymer (CS). The synthesized material was applied in the adsorptive removal of residues of the pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) pharmaceutical drug from aqueous media using the batch technique. The material's removal capacity was studied through several adjustable parameters including pH, contact time, the dose of the adsorbent, and the capacity for drug adsorption under the optimal conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to describe the adsorption process. The removal was found to obey the Freundlich model, which refers to a chemisorption process. Different kinetic models were also studied for the removal process and showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more fitted, which indicates that the removal was a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic studies were also carried out. The maximum removal of vitamin B6 by the nano-ZnO/CS composite was found to be 75% at optimal conditions. The results were compared to other reported adsorbents. Reusability tests showed that the nano-ZnO/CS composite can be efficiently reused up to seven times for the removal of PDX drugs from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa Dayo
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Sana Alahmadi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The Higher Institute of Optics Technology (HIOT), Heliopolis, Cairo 17361, Egypt
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Sathienluckana T, Palapinyo S, Yotsombut K, Wanothayaroj E, Sithinamsuwan P, Suksomboon N. Expert consensus guidelines for community pharmacists in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with a combination of neurotropic B vitamins. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2306866. [PMID: 38333576 PMCID: PMC10851824 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2306866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This consensus guidance is for community pharmacists in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) management with a combination of neurotropic B vitamins. A multidisciplinary team including endocrinology, neurology, and pharmacy from Thailand discussed and aligned the practical scheme of DPN management in the community pharmacy setting, using the literature review and having face-to-face meeting. Five major statements have been endorsed as consensus recommendations for DPN care with strong acknowledgment. The aims of DPN management included reducing symptoms and the risk of complications, minimising adverse reactions from treatment regimens, and improving patients' knowledge and adherence to the treatment strategies. An initial screening process using a 7 items interview of Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire should be implemented to identify patients at risk of developing DPN. Subsequently, pharmacologic, and non-pharmacologic treatment should be employed based on patient-centered care. An interesting approach is combination of neurotropic B vitamins, which may be used as monotherapy or combination therapy to control DPN symptoms. The combined therapy potentially exhibits a synergistic effect and improves patient adherence. The consensus would be further considered in context of harmonisation of routine practice and country requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirinoot Palapinyo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitiyot Yotsombut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Reis J, Buguet A, Román GC, Spencer PS. Environmental neurology: Concepts and short history of an interdisciplinary approach to etiology, treatment and prevention. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120861. [PMID: 37924592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental Neurology (EN), a sub-discipline of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, favors an interdisciplinary collaboration allowing a holistic approach to understanding the impact of environmental factors on the nervous system and their relationship with neurological diseases. Several examples of diseases and conditions show the large scope of subjects addressed by EN. The EN sub-discipline focuses on both individual and population issues thus joining patient care and public health, respectively. Neuropathogenesis is addressed by several major questions: How do the environment and nervous system interact? Which exogenous factors can trigger neurological disease? When, where and how do they act? What are the therapeutic implications, and how can these disorders be controlled or prevented. To answer such questions, we address the incentive for, philosophy of and methods developed by EN, which seeks to safeguard Brain Health and, thus, the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Reis
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Association RISE, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France.
| | - Alain Buguet
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gustavo C Román
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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12
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Nijil S, Felicitus S, Kini S. Fluorometric investigation of boric acid-pyridoxal 5′ phosphate interaction: A turn-on-fluorescence assay for the detection of boric acid in water bodies and fetal bovine serum. Microchem J 2023; 194:109254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
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13
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Pedroza-García KA, Careaga-Cárdenas G, Díaz-Galindo C, Quintanar JL, Hernández-Jasso I, Ramírez-Orozco RE. Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1120-1137. [PMID: 36537581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
- Biomedical Research, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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14
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Paluszny A, Qiu S. Vitamin B6 Toxicity Secondary to Daily Multivitamin Use: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e48792. [PMID: 38098895 PMCID: PMC10720370 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is an important cofactor in various metabolic processes. Although rare, its consumption can sometimes result in toxicity, which typically presents with peripheral neuropathy in the early stage. While vitamin B6 toxicity is most often associated with supplemental mega-doses of more than 50 mg/day, more recent studies have shown that toxicity can occur in cases of much smaller doses as well. We present a case of a 73-year-old male with a three-year history of progressive peripheral neuropathy who was found to have a serum vitamin B6 level of 259.9 nmol/L (reference range: 20-125 nmol/L) but only reported taking a daily multivitamin containing 6 mg of vitamin B6. This case of toxicity in the setting of a daily intake lower than the European Food Safety Administration's (EFSA) newly established Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of 12 mg/day highlights the need for further research into the effects of relatively low-dose vitamin B6 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhao Qiu
- Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, USA
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15
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Chen P, Song XJ. Vitamins in neuropathy: pathophysiological and therapeutic roles. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:388-393. [PMID: 37639435 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitamin deficiency is a risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy, which leads to complex and severe diseases. This review provides an update overview of the literature on the roles of vitamins in peripheral neuropathy, highlighting their pathophysiological and therapeutic roles. RECENT FINDINGS The importance and clinical manifestations and implications of the vitamins and vitamin deficiencies are further demonstrated in peripheral neuropathy and the associated diseases. Vitamin deficiency is common in various severe and complex diseases such as diabetes, chemotherapy, acute nutritional axonal neuropathy, dermatitis, complex regional pain syndrome, postherpetic neuralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and so forth and some rare clinical case reports. There is evidence that deficiencies of almost all vitamins are associated with diabetic neuropathy. Vitamin supplementation may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy. SUMMARY The vitamins play critical roles in maintaining physiological functions, and vitamin deficiencies cause peripheral neuropathy with various severe and complex diseases. The therapeutic benefits of vitamins and further understanding of the mechanisms for vitamin treatment effects should be emphasized and highlighted. More clinical trials are needed to establish optimal treatment strategies for vitamins in the various neuropathies. A large range of people/patients screening for vitamin deficiencies may be considered in order to provide early diagnosis and timely medical assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Lu P, Dong X, Ji X. Cronobacter sakazakii Pyridoxal Kinase PdxY Mediated by TreR and pESA3 Is Essential for Vitamin B 6 (PLP) Maintenance and Virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0092423. [PMID: 37458600 PMCID: PMC10467337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00924-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections, particularly in neonates. Despite the bacterium's strong pathogenicity, the pathogenicity of C. sakazakii is not yet well understood. Using a comparative proteomic profiling approach, we successfully identified pdxY, encoding a pyridoxal kinase involved in the recycling of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as a gene essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. Knocking out the pdxY gene resulted in slower growth and reduced virulence. Our study sheds light on the fundamental importance of pyridoxal kinase for the survival and virulence of C. sakazakii. The identification of pdxY as gene essential for successful pathogenesis provides a potential target for the development of new antibiotic treatments. IMPORTANCE The opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii is known to cause severe infections, particularly in neonates, and can result in high mortality rates. In this study, we used a comparative proteomic profiling approach to identify genes essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. We successfully identified pdxY, encoding a pyridoxal kinase involved in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as a gene essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. Knocking out the pdxY gene resulted in impaired growth and reduced virulence. This study sheds light on the fundamental importance of pyridoxal kinase for the survival and virulence of C. sakazakii, which can be a potential target for the development of new antibiotic treatments. This study highlights the importance of comparative proteomic profiling in identifying virulence factors that can be targeted for the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Baart AM, Slotegraaf AI, Gobes-de Punder IE, Mensink M, Wardenaar F, de Vries JH, Klein Gunnewiek JM, Balvers MG, Terink R. Efficacy and utility of a tool for both measurement of vitamin B6, B12, D, folate and iron status and assessment of diet quality in athletes. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e87. [PMID: 37528835 PMCID: PMC10388442 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NutriProfiel® is a tool to measure micronutrient status and to assess diet quality. It consists of measurement of micronutrient status in blood and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) ('Eetscore-FFQ'). Based on the results, individuals receive a dietary advice. In this study, we evaluated the application of NutriProfiel in athletes ('NutriProfiel-Sport') by assessing the coverage of nutrient intake of the Eetscore-FFQ (part 1) and by evaluating athlete's dietary behaviour after using NutriProfiel-Sport and their satisfaction with this tool (part 2). For part 1, data of 419 athletes were used. We evaluated the coverage of nutrient intake of the Eetscore-FFQ using first and second MOMents (MOM1 and MOM2) sum scores of food items in the questionnaire. Forty-eight athletes were involved in part 2. They gave blood samples for micronutrient status measurement and were asked to complete the Eetscore-FFQ at baseline and after 3 months, as well as a questionnaire on their satisfaction with NutriProfiel-Sport. Results showed that for most nutrients, MOM1 and MOM2 scores were above 80 %, meaning that nutrient intake was sufficiently covered by the Eetscore-FFQ. No difference in diet quality was observed between baseline and after 3 months. Nevertheless, a majority of athletes reported the NutriProfiel-Sport results and advice as useful. On a scale from 0 to 10, NutriProfiel-Sport was graded with a mean (±sd) score of 7⋅6 (±0⋅8). In conclusion, NutriProfiel-Sport is a potential valuable and appreciated tool for athletes and the Eetscore-FFQ as part of this tool sufficiently covers nutrient intake in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mireille Baart
- Sports Valley, Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne I. Slotegraaf
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
- Nutrition and Healthcare Alliance, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Inge E. Gobes-de Punder
- Sports Valley, Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Wardenaar
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeanne H.M. de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel G.J. Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke Terink
- Sports Valley, Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
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18
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst K, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Fairweather‐Tait S, Vrolijk M, Fabiani L, Titz A, Naska A. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin B6. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08006. [PMID: 37207271 PMCID: PMC10189633 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin B6. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted by a contractor. The relationship between excess vitamin B6 intakes and the development of peripheral neuropathy is well established and is the critical effect on which the UL is based. A lowest-observed-effect-level (LOAEL) could not be established based on human data. A reference point (RP) of 50 mg/day is identified by the Panel from a case-control study, supported by data from case reports and vigilance data. An uncertainty factor (UF) of 4 is applied to the RP to account for the inverse relationship between dose and time to onset of symptoms and the limited data available. The latter covers uncertainties as to the level of intake that would represent a LOAEL. This leads to a UL of 12.5 mg/day. From a subchronic study in Beagle dogs, a LOAEL of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day can be identified. Using an UF of 300, and a default bw of 70 kg, a UL of 11.7 mg/day can be calculated. From the midpoint of the range of these two ULs and rounding down, a UL of 12 mg/day is established by the Panel for vitamin B6 for adults (including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for infants and children are derived from the UL for adults using allometric scaling: 2.2-2.5 mg/day (4-11 months), 3.2-4.5 mg/day (1-6 years), 6.1-10.7 mg/day (7-17 years). Based on available intake data, EU populations are unlikely to exceed ULs, except for regular users of food supplements containing high doses of vitamin B6.
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19
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Smyth D, Kramarz C, Carr AS, Rossor AM, Lunn MP. Toxic neuropathies: a practical approach. Pract Neurol 2023; 23:120-130. [PMID: 36697225 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxic neuropathies result from exogenous substances damaging the peripheral nerves. There are numerous causes, including prescribed and recreational drugs, heavy metals, industrial agents and biological toxins. Timely recognition of these neuropathies gives better outcomes, as they usually improve or stabilise once the toxin is removed. Most toxic neuropathies are axonal, length-dependent and sensory predominant, although some have significant motor involvement or can present acutely or subacutely. Here, we outline our clinical approach and discuss the major causes of toxic neuropathy, while emphasising the clinical and neurophysiological features and the neuropathy phenotype. We also include an update on newer medications that can cause neuropathy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Smyth
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Caroline Kramarz
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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20
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Ahlskog JE. Levodopa, homocysteine and Parkinson's disease: What's the problem? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 109:105357. [PMID: 36922273 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated circulating homocysteine levels have been associated with cognitive impairment and cardio-cerebro-vascular events. Levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease tends to further elevate circulating homocysteine levels due to the metabolism of levodopa via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). COMT co-factors are vitamins B12, B6 and folic acid. Accumulating deficiencies of these vitamins are presumed to be the substrate for the homocysteine elevation. B-vitamin therapy reduces homocysteine levels. This begs the question of whether Parkinson's disease patients on levodopa should be concurrently treated with ongoing B-vitamin therapy (versus long-term monitoring of B-vitamins/homocysteine). There is a substantial literature on this topic that has accumulated over the last quarter-century, and this topic is still debated. This review summarizes the relevant literature with the aim of approximating closure on this issue. Also, noteworthy is that Parkinson's disease patients with renal insufficiency may not tolerate cyanocobalamin, the standard oral B12 supplement due to facilitation of renal decline; alternatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Ahlskog
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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21
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Overcoming the chromatographic challenges when performing LC-MS/MS measurements of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123605. [PMID: 36731354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, is required for numerous enzymatic reactions. Vitamin B6 deficiency or exceptionally high levels of PLP have negative implications, making measurements of PLP imperative for diagnoses and monitoring in many clinical scenarios. Traditional assays are enzymatic, ELISA based, or employ HPLC with various detection modalities; all of these are prone to interferences and crossreactivity with other compounds. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been increasingly used to overcome these issues, but the high polarity of PLP raises chromatographic challenges. Using ion pairing reagents in the mobile phases is a possible solution, but these reagents often have deleterious effects on instrumentation. An alternative strategy is the addition of an ion pairing reagent after extraction, but prior to injection. To prove this, we used 1-octanesulfonic acid (OSA) without changing the LC method or column. With this technique, we observed a 2-4 fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio. Intraday and interday precision of replicate measurements also improved drastically compared to analyses without OSA, while also yielding a dramatic improvement in column life compared to our previous approach and to this point no deleterious effects on instrument hardware commonly associated with traditional ion pairing reagent techniques have been observed.
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22
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Krishnan D, Kiernan MC. Neurotoxic risks from over-the-counter vitamin supplements. Med J Aust 2023; 218:304-306. [PMID: 36780932 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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23
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Zagubnaya OA, Nartsissov YR. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF VITAMIN B6. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-6-500-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of using vitamin B6 in clinical practice for the correction of various pathological conditions.Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was used for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of the scientific literature on the topic of research, covering the period from 1989 to the present, has been carried out in the work.Results. It has been shown that all chemical forms of vitamin B6 are able to penetrate the membranes of most cells by free diffusion, while forming phosphorylated forms inside. Pyridoxal phosphate is a biologically important metabolite that is directly involved as a cofactor in a variety of intracellular reactions. Requirements for this cofactor depend on the age, sex and condition of the patient. Pregnancy and lactation play a special role in the consumption of vitamin B6. In most cases, a balanced diet will provide an acceptable level of this vitamin. At the same time, its deficiency leads to the development of a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations and diabetes. Negative manifestations from the central nervous system are also possible with an excessive consumption of B6.Conclusion. Replenishment of the vitamin B6 level in case of its identified deficiency is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of the central nervous system diseases, diabetes and correction of patients’ immune status. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a balanced intake of this cofactor in order to avoid negative effects on metabolism in case of its excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Zagubnaya
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
| | - Y. R. Nartsissov
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
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24
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The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020252. [PMID: 36836486 PMCID: PMC9964499 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use.
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25
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Van den Eynde MDG, Houben AJHM, Scheijen JLJM, Linkens AMA, Niessen PM, Simons N, Hanssen NMJ, Kusters YHAM, Eussen SJMP, Miyata T, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. Pyridoxamine reduces methylglyoxal and markers of glycation and endothelial dysfunction, but does not improve insulin sensitivity or vascular function in abdominally obese individuals: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1280-1291. [PMID: 36655410 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of pyridoxamine (PM), a B6 vitamer and dicarbonyl scavenger, on glycation and a large panel of metabolic and vascular measurements in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in abdominally obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals (54% female; mean age 50 years; mean body mass index 32 kg/m2 ) were randomized to an 8-week intervention with either placebo (n = 36), 25 mg PM (n = 36) or 200 mg PM (n = 36). We assessed insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment, skin microvascular function, flow-mediated dilation, and plasma inflammation and endothelial function markers. PM metabolites, dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Treatment effects were evaluated by one-way ANCOVA. RESULTS In the high PM dose group, we found a reduction of plasma methylglyoxal (MGO) and protein-bound Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1), as compared to placebo. We found a reduction of the endothelial dysfunction marker soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in the low and high PM dose group and of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the high PM dose, as compared to placebo. We found no treatment effects on insulin sensitivity, vascular function or other functional outcome measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PM is metabolically active and reduces MGO, AGEs, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, but does not affect insulin sensitivity and vascular function in abdominally obese individuals. The reduction in adhesion markers is promising because these are important in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias D G Van den Eynde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armand M A Linkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Niessen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo H A M Kusters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J M P Eussen
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Guala A, Folgori G, Silvestri M, Barbaglia M, Danesino C. Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity. Case Rep Pediatr 2022; 2022:3171351. [PMID: 36524152 PMCID: PMC9747291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3171351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a micronutrient required by the body. It acts as a coenzyme in biochemical reactions. Vitamin B6 toxicity is not caused by the intake of food-based sources. The few reported cases of vitamin B6 toxicity are always caused by overdosing of nutritional supplements. Chronic toxicity typically occurs with peripheral neuropathy such as paraesthesia, ataxia, and imbalance, paradoxically mimicking vitamin B6 deficiency. However, the prognosis is favorable, and symptoms usually show improvement once excessive vitamin B6 levels return to the physiological range. We report a newborn presenting with diffuse tremor at birth, interpreted as secondary to the mother's intake of high doses of a supplement containing vitamin B6 during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As expected, the newborn's serum levels of vitamin B6 were high. The tremors disappeared when the maternal supplement was stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guala
- SOC Pediatrics, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy
| | - Giulia Folgori
- SOC Pediatrics, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy
- Post-graduate School in Pediatrics, University “Piemonte Orientale”, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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27
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Sawhney A, Singhal S, Patel R. Isolated Pyridoxine Deficiency Presenting as Peripheral Neuropathy Post-chemotherapy. Cureus 2022; 14:e26725. [PMID: 35967133 PMCID: PMC9363682 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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Bayat A, Aledo-Serrano A, Gil-Nagel A, Korff CM, Thomas A, Boßelmann C, Weber Y, Gardella E, Lund AM, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Møller RS. Pyridoxine or pyridoxal-5-phosphate treatment for seizures in glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency: A cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:789-798. [PMID: 35080266 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of high-dose pyridoxine and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) in the treatment of inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency-associated epilepsy. METHOD Participants with genetically confirmed GPI deficiency were treated with oral pyridoxine or P5P as compassionate use in an agreed-upon clinical regimen. Pyridoxine (20-30 mg/kg/day) was used for 3 months. Baseline evaluation included 4 weeks of prospective seizure data and one video electroencephalogram (EEG). Seizure frequency was captured daily. The EEG was repeated after reaching maximum dosage of pyridoxine. Pyridoxine was switched to P5P (20-30 mg/kg/day) if seizure burden was unchanged after 3 months' treatment. Another EEG was done after 3 months of P5P treatment. Primary outcome measures were reduction of seizure frequency and EEG improvements. RESULTS Seven participants (one female, six males; age range 5-23 year; mean age 11 years 10 months, SD 5 year 2 months) were included. The genetic causes of inherited GPI deficiency were phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A/T/V deficiency. All had drug-resistant epilepsy and neurodevelopmental impairment. We observed more than 50% seizure frequency reduction in 2 out of 7 and less than 50% reduction in another 3 out of 7 participants. No participants reached seizure freedom. No remarkable changes in electrophysiological findings were observed in 6 out of 7 participants treated with pyridoxine or P5P when comparing the baseline and follow-up EEGs. INTERPRETATION We observed no long-lasting electrophysiological improvements during treatment but pyridoxine may reduce seizure frequency or burden in inherited GPI deficiency. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency often causes early-onset and drug-resistant epilepsy. Vitamin B6 is a potential disease-specific treatment; however, efficacy and safety are ill-defined. Pyridoxine may reduce seizure frequency or burden in inherited GPI deficiency. Pyridoxine and P5P could prove to be a useful treatment in some individuals with inherited GPI deficiency and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Angel Aledo-Serrano
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Ruber International Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Ruber International Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian M Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of the Woman, Child, and Adolescent, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christian Boßelmann
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Epileptology and Neurology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Gardella
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan M Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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29
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Peters J, Staff NP. Update on Toxic Neuropathies. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2022; 24:203-216. [PMID: 36186669 PMCID: PMC9518699 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-022-00716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Toxic neuropathies are an important preventable and treatable form of peripheral neuropathy. While many forms of toxic neuropathies have been recognized for decades, an updated review is provided to increase vigilant in this area of neurology. A literature review was conducted to gather recent information about toxic neuropathies, which included the causes, clinical findings, and treatment options in these conditions. Recent Findings Toxic neuropathies continue to cause significant morbidity throughout the world and the causative agents, particularly with regards to medications, do not appear to be diminishing. A wide variety of causes of toxic neuropathies exist, which include alcohol, industrial chemicals, biotoxins, and medications. Unfortunately, no breakthrough treatments have been developed and prevention and symptom management remain the standard of care. Summary A detailed medication, occupational and hobby exposure history is critical to identifying toxic neuropathies. Increased research is warranted to identify mechanisms of neurotoxic susceptibility and potential common pathomechanistic pathways for treatment across diverse toxic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Peters
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA
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30
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Whyte MP, Zhang F, Wenkert D, Mack KE, Bijanki VN, Ericson KL, Coburn SP. Hypophosphatasia: Vitamin B 6 status of affected children and adults. Bone 2022; 154:116204. [PMID: 34547524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the heritable dento-osseous disease caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene ALPL that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is a cell-surface homodimeric phosphomonoester phosphohydrolase expressed in healthy people especially in the skeleton, liver, kidneys, and developing teeth. In HPP, diminished TNSALP activity leads to extracellular accumulation of its natural substrates including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the principal circulating form of vitamin B6 (B6). Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance involving >450 usually missense defects scattered throughout ALPL largely explains the remarkably broad-ranging severity of this inborn-error-of-metabolism. In 1985 when we identified elevated plasma PLP as a biochemical hallmark of HPP, all 14 investigated affected children and adults had markedly increased PLP levels. However, pyridoxal (PL), the dephosphorylated form of PLP that enters cells to cofactor many enzymatic reactions, was not low but often inexplicably elevated. Levels of pyridoxic acid (PA), the B6 degradation product quantified to assess B6 sufficiency, were unremarkable. Canonical signs or symptoms of B6 deficiency or toxicity were absent. B6-dependent seizures in infants with life-threatening HPP were later explained by their profound deficiency of TNSALP activity blocking PLP dephosphorylation to PL and diminishing gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in the brain. Now, there is speculation that altered B6 metabolism causes further clinical complications in HPP. Herein, we assessed the plasma PL and PA levels accompanying previously reported elevated plasma PLP concentrations in 150 children and adolescents with HPP. Their mean (SD) plasma PL level was nearly double the mean for our healthy pediatric controls: 66.7 (59.0) nM versus 37.1 (22.2) nM (P < 0.0001), respectively. Their PA levels were broader than our pediatric control range, but their mean value was normal; 40.2 (25.1) nM versus 39.3 (9.9) nM (P = 0.7793), respectively. In contrast, adults with HPP often had plasma PL and PA levels suggestive of dietary B6 insufficiency. We discuss why the B6 levels of our pediatric patients with HPP would not cause B6 toxicity or deficiency, whereas in affected adults dietary B6 insufficiency can develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Karen E Mack
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Karen L Ericson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
| | - Stephen P Coburn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
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31
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Nicolov M, Cocora M, Buda V, Danciu C, Duse AO, Watz C, Borcan F. Hydrosoluble and Liposoluble Vitamins: New Perspectives through ADMET Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1204. [PMID: 34833423 PMCID: PMC8622797 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study demonstrates that apart from the well-known toxicity of liposoluble vitamins, some hydrosoluble vitamins may also exert toxicity; thus, routine supplementation with vitamins or ingestion of fortified foods should not be considered harmless. The study addresses the possible correlations between the physico-chemical properties and the side effects of vitamins when taken in high doses or for a too long a period. Materials and Methods: The FAFDrugs4.0 computational tool was used for computational assessment of the ADMET profile of several hydro- and liposoluble vitamins. Results: ADMET analysis revealed the following major data: vitamin B3 and B13 showed reduced structural complexity; thus, a relative toxicological potential may be exerted. Vitamins B1 and B7 were found to have good oral absorption and thus good bioavailability, while Vitamin B3 was found to have decreased oral absorption. In addition, all of the liposoluble vitamins reflected higher complexity, much greater than most of the potentially therapeutically-proven compounds. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance between the physico-chemical properties of vitamins and their possible toxicological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Nicolov
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mioara Cocora
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timișoara, 13A Gh Adam Street, 300310 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Valentina Buda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Communication in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Adina Octavia Duse
- Department of Balneology, Medical Recovery and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Watz
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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