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Decreased Efficiency of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Lipolysis Is Linked to Both Hypertriglyceridemia and Hypercholesterolemia, but It Can Be Counteracted by High-Density Lipoprotein. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041224. [PMID: 33917704 PMCID: PMC8068045 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired triglyceride-rich lipoprotein plasma catabolism is considered the most important factor for hypertriglyceridemia development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia on the efficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride lipolysis and the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in this process. Subjects with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and untreated with lipid-lowering agents were recruited into the study and divided into normolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic, and hyperlipidemic groups. VLDL was isolated from serum and incubated with LPL in the absence or presence of HDL. For the hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic groups, a significantly lower percentage of hydrolyzed VLDL-triglyceride was achieved compared to the normolipidemic group (p < 0.01). HDL enhanced the lipolysis efficiency in the hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic groups on average by ~7% (p < 0.001). The lowest electrophoretic mobility of the VLDL remnants indicating the most effective lipolysis was obtained in the normolipidemic group (p < 0.05). HDL presence significantly reduced the electrophoretic mobility of the VLDL remnants for the hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic groups (p < 0.05). The results of our study indicate that VLDL obtained from hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic subjects are more resistant to lipolysis and are additional evidence of the need for early implementation of hypocholesterolemic treatment, already in asymptomatic CVD subjects.
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Antihyperlipidemia and Antiarteriosclerosis of Hizikia fusiformis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5657/kfas.2011.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dubey P, Jayasooriya AP, Cheema SK. Diets Enriched in Fish-Oil or Seal-Oil have Distinct Effects on Lipid Levels and Peroxidation in BioF1B Hamsters. Nutr Metab Insights 2011; 4:7-17. [PMID: 23946657 PMCID: PMC3738469 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Fish-oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are mostly esterified to the sn-2 position of triglycerides, while in seal-oil triglycerides, these are mostly esterified to the sn-1 and -3 positions. We investigated whether fish-oil and seal-oil feeding has a different effect on the regulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in BioF1B hamsters. Methods: BioF1B hamsters were fed high fat diets rich in fish-oil or seal-oil for 4 weeks, and fasted for 14 hours prior to blood and tissue collection. Results: Plasma and hepatic lipids and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly lower in seal-oil-fed hamsters as compared to those fed fish-oil. There was a selective hindrance of clearance of lipids in fish-oil-fed hamsters as reflected by higher levels of plasma apoB48. Conclusion: Differences in the fatty acid composition and positional distribution of n-3 PUFAs in triglycerides of fish-oil and seal-oil are suggested to trigger metabolic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Pishva H, Mahboob SA, Mehdipour P, Eshraghian MR, Mohammadi-Asl J, Hosseini S, Karimi F. Fatty acid-binding protein-2 genotype influences lipid and lipoprotein response to eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Nutrition 2010; 26:1117-21. [PMID: 20080390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The blood lipid-lowering effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on hypertriglyceridemic subjects with different fatty acid-binding protein-2 (FABP2) genotypes have not, to our knowledge, been previously studied. METHODS Twenty-three FABP2 Ala54 and 23 Thr54 carriers with hypertriglyceridemia (triacylglycerol level >200mg/dL) were enrolled in this study. Participants took 2g of pure EPA daily for 8 wk. Fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles were determined and changes from baseline were measured. RESULTS Blood lipids and lipoprotein responses of the FABP2 genotypes differed after EPA supplementation. Changes from baseline for triacylglycerol (19.2% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P<0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (20.0% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P<0.001), apolipoprotein CIII (22.8% decrease for Ala54 and 36.4% for Thr54, P<0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.6% increase for Ala54 and 30.7% for Thr54, P<0.01) differed significantly between the two carrier groups. However, changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were not significant. EPA supplementation increased plasma EPA in Ala54 and Thr54 carriers. Although EPA supplementation increased the level of plasma EPA in both carrier groups, this effect was more pronounced in the Thr54 carriers. CONCLUSION Therefore, EPA consumption has more favorable effects on blood lipids of hypertriglyceridemics with Thr54 genotype rather than those with Ala54. The level of plasma EPA increases after EPA supplementation. Because the FABP2 Thr54 polymorphism appears to be prevalent in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, increasing EPA intake in these subjects could be an effective strategy for reducing blood triacylglycerol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Pishva
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bowden RG, Jitomir J, Wilson RL, Gentile M. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Lipid Levels in Endstage Renal Disease Patients. J Ren Nutr 2009; 19:259-66. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cheema SK, Cornish ML. Bio F1B hamster: a unique animal model with reduced lipoprotein lipase activity to investigate nutrient mediated regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2007; 4:27. [PMID: 18070363 PMCID: PMC2235869 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-4-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bio F1B hamster is an inbred hybrid strain that is highly susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis. We previously reported that feeding a high fat fish oil diet to Bio F1B hamster caused severe hyperlipidaemia. In this study we compared the effects of various diets in the Bio F1B hamster and the Golden Syrian hamster, which is an outbred hamster strain to investigate whether genetic background plays an important role in dietary fat mediated regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. We further investigated the mechanisms behind diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in F1B hamster. Methods The Bio F1B and Golden Syrian hamsters, 8 weeks old, were fed high fat diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids, an n-6: n-3 ratio of 5 or a fish oil diet for 4 weeks. Animals were fasted overnight and blood and tissue samples were collected. Plasma was fractionated into various lipoprotein fractions and assayed for triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations. Plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was measured using radioisotope method. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity was measured in the liver and intestine. Plasma apolipoproteinB48, -B100 and apolipoprotein E was measured using Western blots. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of diet type and animal strain. Results The fish oil fed F1B hamsters showed milky plasma after a 14-hour fast. Fish oil feeding caused accumulation of apolipoproteinB48 containing lipoprotein particles suggesting hindrance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance. There was no significant effect of diet or strain on hepatic or intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity indicating that hyperlipidaemia is not due to an increase in the assembly or secretion of lipoprotein particles. F1B hamsters showed significantly reduced levels of lipoprotein lipase activity, which was inhibited by fish oil feeding. Conclusion Evidence is presented for the first time that alterations in lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA levels contribute to varied response of these hamsters to dietary fat, highlighting the importance of genetic background in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism by dietary fats. Bio F1B hamster may prove to be an important animal model to investigate nutrient mediated regulation of metabolic parameters under lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
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Tran K, Sun F, Cui Z, Thorne-Tjomsland G, St Germain C, Lapierre LR, McLeod RS, Jamieson JC, Yao Z. Attenuated secretion of very low density lipoproteins from McA-RH7777 cells treated with eicosapentaenoic acid is associated with impaired utilization of triacylglycerol synthesized via phospholipid remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:463-73. [PMID: 16675301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In McA-RH7777 cells stably expressing human apolipoprotein (apo) B100, treatment with oleic acid (18:1(n-9)) promoted whereas treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) attenuated assembly and secretion of VLDL. Under conditions where the cells were cultured in the presence of 20% serum, EPA (0.4 mM) had marginal effect on the secretion of total apoB100 (determined by pulse-chase analysis) but decreased (by 50%) secretion of triacylglycerol (TG), indicating that the inhibitory effect of EPA was exerted primarily on TG-rich VLDL. Analysis of phospholipid mass and species by tandem mass spectrometry showed increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in EPA-treated cells, the increase was significant in the distal Golgi membranes (by 170%) and endoplasmic reticulum (by 116%). Lipid pulse-chase studies showed a major distinction between phospholipid species containing 20:5(n-3) and 18:1(n-9), which in turn was associated with distinct compartmentalization of TG containing 20:5(n-3) or 18:1(n-9) between cytosol and microsomes and their recruitment during VLDL assembly. Thus, 18:1-TG was secreted as VLDL but 20:5-TG was not. These results suggest that EPA attenuation of VLDL secretion is associated with impaired utilization of TG derived from phospholipid remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Tran
- Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada K1Y 4W7
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Burrowes JD, Van Houten G. Use of alternative medicine by patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2005; 12:312-25. [PMID: 16010646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ackd.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States is growing at a remarkable speed. Herbal products and dietary supplements are CAM therapies that have grown faster than any other CAM treatments. Little information is available about herbs and dietary supplement use in the stage 5 chronic kidney disease population. These products contain a myriad of pharmacologically active compounds that, when used by people with kidney disease, may be hazardous. Members of the renal dietitian listserv were queried about herbs and dietary supplements reportedly used by dialysis patients. Up-to-date information on the use, safety, efficacy, adverse effects, and recommended dosages in the nondialysis population are presented for 24 products. In the dialysis population, Noni juice should be avoided because of its high potassium content. In addition, bulk-forming laxatives such as flaxseed should be used with caution because of the need for increased fluid intake. Dialysis practitioners should include specific questions about herbs and dietary supplement use in medical and nutrition histories, and they should increase their knowledge about these products to advise patients appropriately. A list of reliable sources of information for the health care provider on herbs and dietary supplements is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrilynn D Burrowes
- C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University, School of Health Professions and Nursing, Department of Nutrition, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
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de Silva PP, Agarwal-Mawal A, Davis PJ, Cheema SK. The levels of plasma low density lipoprotein are independent of cholesterol ester transfer protein in fish-oil fed F1B hamsters. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2005; 2:8. [PMID: 15762995 PMCID: PMC555566 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a major role in regulating the levels of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. We previously observed a fish-oil-induced elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration in F1B hamsters. The molecular mechanism/s by which fish oil induces hyperlipidaemic effect was investigated in this study. We examined whether the effects of dietary fish oil on plasma lipoprotein concentrations are due to fish-oil-induced alterations in plasma CETP activity. MIX diet, a diet supplemented with a mixture of lard and safflower oil, was used as the control diet. RESULTS: We found that fish oil feeding in hamsters reduced CETP mass as well as CETP activity. Increasing the dietary fat level of fish-oil from 5% to 20% (w/w) led to a further decrease in CETP mass. Supplementation with dietary cholesterol increased both CETP mass and CETP activity in fish-oil and MIX-diet fed hamsters. However, there was no correlation between CETP mass as well as CETP activity and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cholesterol ester transfer between HDL and LDL is not likely to play a major role in determining fish-oil-induced changes in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in F1B hamsters. A possible role of reduced clearance of LDL-particles as well as dietary fat level and dietary cholesterol dependent changes in LDL-lipid composition have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujitha P de Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Alka Agarwal-Mawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Phillip J Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9 Canada
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Abstract
We investigated the dietary influence of low and high levels of fish oil, supplemented with or without dietary cholesterol, on the plasma lipoprotein profile in Bio F1B hamsters, a model susceptible to diet-induced hyperlipidaemia. The MIX diet, a diet supplemented with a mixture of lard and safflower-seed oil, was used as the control diet to maintain the saturated MUFA and PUFA levels similar to the fish-oil diet. The animals were fed the specific diets for 2 weeks and fasted for 14 h before killing. The plasma from the animals fed high levels of fish oil was milky and rich in chylomicron-like particles. The plasma total cholesterol, VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol and -triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol was lower in hamsters fed fish oil compared with the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. Increasing the amount of fat in the diet increased plasma lipids in both the fish-oil- and the MIX-diet-fed hamsters; however, this hyperlipidaemic effect of dietary fat level was greater in the hamsters fed the fish-oil diet. The hepatic lipid concentrations were not dramatically different between the fish-oil-fed and the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. However, the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA levels were significantly low in the fish-oil-fed hamsters compared with the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. Increasing the amount of fish oil in the diet further decreased the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA expression. It is concluded that F1B hamsters are susceptible to fish-oil-induced hyperlipidaemia, especially at high fat levels, and this increase is partially explained by the inhibition of hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujitha P de Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
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Chan DC, Watts GF, Mori TA, Barrett PHR, Beilin LJ, Redgrave TG. Factorial study of the effects of atorvastatin and fish oil on dyslipidaemia in visceral obesity. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:429-36. [PMID: 12059988 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia may account for increased risk of cardiovascular disease in central obesity. Pharmacotherapy is often indicated in these patients, but the optimal approach remains unclear. We investigated the effects of atorvastatin and fish oil on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, including remnant-like particle-cholesterol and apolipoprotein C-III, in dyslipidaemic men with visceral obesity. METHODS We carried out a 6-week randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial intervention study of atorvastatin (40 mg day(-1)) and fish oil (4 g day(-1)) on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 52 obese men (age 53 +/- 1 years, BMI 33.7 +/- 0.55 kg m(-2)) with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Treatment effects were analysed by general linear modelling. RESULTS Atorvastatin had significant main effects in decreasing triglycerides (-0.38 +/- 0.02 mmol L(-1), P = 0.002), total cholesterol (-1.89 +/- 0.17 mmol L(-1), P = 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-1.78 +/- 0.14 mmol L(-1), P = 0.001), remnant-like particle-cholesterol (-0.08 +/- 0.04 mmol L(-1), P = 0.035), apolipoprotein B (-49 +/- 4 mg dL(-1), P = 0.001), apolipoprotein C-III (-12.6 +/- 6.1 mg L(-1), P = 0.044) and in increasing HDL-cholesterol (+0.10 +/0- 0.04 mmol L(-1), P = 0.007). Fish oil had significant main effects in decreasing triglycerides (-0.38 +/- 0.11 mmol L(-1), P = 0.002) and in increasing HDL-cholesterol (+0.07 +/- 0.04 mmol L(-1), P = 0.041). There were no significant changes in weight or insulin resistance during the study. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin and fish oil have independent and additive effects in correcting dyslipidaemia in viscerally obese men. Improvement in abnormalities in remnant lipoproteins may occur only with use of atorvastatin. Combination treatment with statin and fish oil may, however, offer an optimal therapeutic approach for globally correcting dyslipidaemia in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
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Tolentino MC, Ferenczi A, Ronen L, Poretsky L. Combination of gemfibrozil and orlistat for treatment of combined hyperlipidemia with predominant hypertriglyceridemia. Endocr Pract 2002; 8:208-12. [PMID: 12113634 DOI: 10.4158/ep.8.3.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a case of combined hyperlipidemia with predominant hypertriglyceridemia unresponsive to conventional diet and single-agent drug therapy but successfully treated with a combination of gemfibrozil and orlistat. METHODS We describe a nonobese Asian Indian man with combined hyperlipidemia. Predominant hypertriglyceridemia was unresponsive to conventional therapy. Orlistat was added to the maximal dose of gemfibrozil, and baseline lipid profiles were compared with posttreatment values after repeated challenges with each drug individually and in combination. The relevant literature was also reviewed. RESULTS At baseline, the patient's serum triglyceride level was 766 mg/dL and total cholesterol level was 241 mg/dL. On repeated measurements 4 months later, these values were 959 mg/dL and 309 mg/dL, respectively. With use of a reduced-fat diet and gemfibrozil (600 mg orally twice a day), serum triglyceride levels were 830 mg/dL and 909 mg/dL on two different occasions. Combination treatment with the same dosage of gemfibrozil and orlistat at 120 mg orally three times a day reduced triglyceride levels to 279 mg/dL and 244 mg/dL on two separate occasions. Rechallenges with drug monotherapy yielded triglyceride levels of up to 1,159 mg/dL with gemfibrozil alone and of up to 896 mg/dL with orlistat alone. A reduction of serum triglyceride levels to 269 mg/dL and 224 mg/dL occurred when combined treatment with both gemfibrozil and orlistat was reinstituted on two additional occasions. CONCLUSION The combination of gemfibrozil and orlistat was extremely effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels in this patient with combined hyperlipidemia and predominant hypertriglyceridemia, whereas either one of these agents, when used alone, was ineffective. Determining the mechanisms of this synergy will necessitate further investigation. Additional studies of the use of the gemfibrozil-orlistat combination in patients who have combined hyperlipidemia with predominant hypertriglyceridemia are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha C Tolentino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Muñoz S, Merlos M, Zambón D, Rodríguez C, Sabaté J, Ros E, Laguna JC. Walnut-enriched diet increases the association of LDL from hypercholesterolemic men with human HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Chen MF, Wang TD, Yeh HT, Hsu HC, Lee YT. Gemfibrozil treatment potentiates oxidative resistance of high-density lipoprotein in hypertriglyceridemic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:707-13. [PMID: 11473572 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that both oxidized low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Gemfibrozil is widely used and is reported to increase cholesterol of LDL and HDL in hypertriglyceridemic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gemfibrozil treatment on the oxidative status of lipoprotein particles in Fredrickson phenotype IV hypertriglyceridemic patients. METHODS Twenty-two patients, aged 38-64 years, with fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations between 2.90 and 8.97 mmol L(-1), were recruited and were given gemfibrozil 300 mg three times daily for 12 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected before gemfibrozil treatment, after 4, 8, or 12 weeks of treatment, and 4 weeks after termination of treatment, and used to analyse the plasma lipid profile, isolate lipoproteins, and analyse the chemical composition and in vitro oxidation of lipoprotein particles. RESULTS Gemfibrozil treatment resulted in a decrease in plasma total triglyceride levels and the triglyceride content of all lipoproteins. Plasma total cholesterol levels were decreased as a result of a decrease in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels. A slight increase in LDL cholesterol levels was observed, whereas the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of LDL were decreased and the lag and peak time of LDL to oxidation were unchanged and maximal diene production was decreased. Plasma HDL cholesterol levels, the surface-to-core ratio of HDL particles, and the resistance of HDL to oxidation were increased. CONCLUSION The decreased TBARS and diene production of LDL, increased HDL cholesterol levels, and increased resistance of HDL to oxidation may, in part, explain why gemfibrozil treatment was found to be generally beneficial in terms of protection against coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), National Taiwan University Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that omega 3 fatty acids derived from fish and fish oils may play a protective role in coronary heart disease and its many complications, through a variety of actions, including effects on lipids, blood pressure, cardiac and vascular function, prostanoids, coagulation and immunological responses. Interesting differences between the effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are emerging, which may be relevant in the choice of omega 3 fatty acid for incorporation into food products. On the basis of our current knowledge, we believe it is justified to recommend, particularly to high-risk populations, an increased dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids through the consumption of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Mori
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia and the West Australian Heart Research Institute (HeartSearch), Perth, Australia.
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Abstract
Consumer use of dietary supplements has increased considerably in recent years, and interest in using supplements to treat or prevent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease is particularly high. This review examines several popular dietary supplements used for cardiovascular disease, their likely points of intervention, and what is known to date about their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M DeBusk
- DeBusk Presentations, LLC, PO Box 4344, Tallahassee, FL 32315, USA.
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