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Casagrande JG, Rogero MM, de Oliveira DC, Quintanilha BJ, Capetini VC, Makiyama EN, Neves BRO, da Silva Gonçalves CE, de Freitas S, Hassimotto NMA, Fock RA. Effects of grape juice intake on the cell migration properties in overweight women: Modulation mechanisms of cell migration in vitro by delphinidin-3-O-glucoside. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113873. [PMID: 38309895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are typical conditions of chronic low-intensity systemic inflammatory responses, and both have become more common in recent decades, which emphasizes the necessity for healthier diet intake. Fruits such as grapes are rich in anthocyanins, one of which is delphinidin, a promising chemopreventive agent with anti-inflammatory properties. Considering that polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are rapidly mobilized to tissues when the inflammatory process is initiated, this study aimed to understand the impact of grape juice intake and delphinidin on the migration properties of PMNs. Overweight women ingested 500 mL of grape juice for 28 days, and then lipid and inflammatory profiles, as well as the white blood cell count (WBC), were evaluated. Additionally, the gene expression of inflammatory markers and quantified migration molecules such as CD11/CD18, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were evaluated in PMNs. The influence of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in vitro on some migration properties was also evaluated. Grape juice intake did not influence the lipid profile or affect the WBC. However, NFκB gene expression was reduced in PMNs, also reducing the circulating values of IL-8, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1. The in vitro results demonstrated that delphinidin significantly reduced the migration potential of cells and reduced CD11-/CD18-positive cells, the gene expression of ICAM-1, and the phosphorylation and gene expression of NFκB. Additionally, delphinidin also reduced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Grape juice, after 28 days of intervention, influenced some properties related to cell migration, and delphinidin in vitro can modify the cell migration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gimenez Casagrande
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalila Cunha de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna J Quintanilha
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sumara de Freitas
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ijinu TP, De Lellis LF, Shanmugarama S, Pérez-Gregorio R, Sasikumar P, Ullah H, Buccato DG, Di Minno A, Baldi A, Daglia M. Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements: A Nutraceutical Perspective and Micro-/Nano-Strategies for Enhanced Bioavailability. Nutrients 2023; 15:4152. [PMID: 37836436 PMCID: PMC10574533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to modulate the immune system. Research has revealed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in immune regulation by influencing key immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Moreover, ACNs contribute towards maintaining a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus promoting immune health. Beyond their direct effects on immune cells, ACNs significantly impact gut health and the microbiota, essential factors in immune regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that they positively influence the composition of the gut microbiome, enhancing their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, these compounds synergize with other bioactive substances, such as vitamins and minerals, further enhancing their potential as immune-supporting dietary supplements. However, detailed clinical studies must fully validate these findings and determine safe dosages across varied populations. Incorporating these natural compounds into functional foods or supplements could revolutionize the management of immune-related conditions. Personalized nutrition and healthcare strategies may be developed to enhance overall well-being and immune resilience by fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the actions of their components. Recent advancements in delivery methods have focused on improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of ACNs, providing promising avenues for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyan Parambil Ijinu
- Naturæ Scientific, Kerala University-Business Innovation and Incubation Centre, Kariavattom Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India;
- The National Society of Ethnopharmacology, VRA-179, Mannamoola, Peroorkada P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695005, India
| | - Lorenza Francesca De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- Food and Health Omics Group, Institute of Agroecology and Food, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Posadino AM, Giordo R, Ramli I, Zayed H, Nasrallah GK, Wehbe Z, Eid AH, Gürer ES, Kennedy JF, Aldahish AA, Calina D, Razis AFA, Modu B, Habtemariam S, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G, Cho WC. An updated overview of cyanidins for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114783. [PMID: 37121149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored polyphenolic compounds that belong to the flavonoids family and are largely present in many vegetables and fruits. They have been used in traditional medicine in many cultures for a long time. The most common and abundant anthocyanins are those presenting an O-glycosylation at C-3 (C ring) of the flavonoid skeleton to form -O-β-glucoside derivatives. The present comprehensive review summarized recent data on the anticancer properties of cyanidings along with natural sources, phytochemical data, traditional medical applications, molecular mechanisms and recent nanostrategies to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of cyanidins. For this analysis, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies published up to the year 2022 were sourced from scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley and TRIP database. Cyanidins' antitumor properties are exerted during different stages of carcinogenesis and are based on a wide variety of biological activities. The data gathered and discussed in this review allows for affirming that cyanidins have relevant anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Future research should focus on studies that bring new data on improving the bioavailability of anthocyanins and on conducting detailed translational pharmacological studies to accurately establish the effective anticancer dose in humans as well as the correct route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Ramli
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Research Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Afaf Ahmed Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, 1069 Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Rapisarda P, Amenta M, Ballistreri G, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N. Distribution, Antioxidant Capacity, Bioavailability and Biological Properties of Anthocyanin Pigments in Blood Oranges and Other Citrus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248675. [PMID: 36557809 PMCID: PMC9785241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus Citrus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (Citrus medica L.), and other citrus species. Since then, the scientific community has expressed increasing interest in studying their profile and distribution, with many published studies focused on the quali-quantitative pattern in the different vegetative tissues belonging to the genus Citrus. Moreover, with the discovery of their relevant antioxidant activity, owing to their ability to capture free radicals, much research has been performed in the last two decades on their radical scavenging power, in vitro and in vivo biological properties, and anticarcinogenic capacity, also focusing attention on their bioavailability for humans. The present work is intended as a comprehensive review of the advances in scientific research on anthocyanin pigments naturally occurring within the genus Citrus, including their natural distribution, antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and biological value and properties. The scientific evidence herein reported can be used to further increase the knowledge of this class of compounds and represents a valuable and comprehensive contribution to promoting anthocyanin-rich citrus fruit consumption as a healthy dietary habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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5
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Banji OJ, Banji D, Makeen HA, Alqahtani SS, Alshahrani S. Neuroinflammation: The Role of Anthocyanins as Neuroprotectants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2156-2174. [PMID: 35043761 PMCID: PMC9886846 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119140835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a trigger for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Exposure to noxious external stimuli induces homeostatic disturbances resulting in morphological changes in microglia, their activation, and elaboration of pro-inflammatory mediators. This leads to neuroinflammation with the progressive loss of neurons. Nutraceuticals such as anthocyanins are a class of brightly colored bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables with purported health benefits. They interfere with the activation of several signaling cascades that have a prominent role in preventing neuroinflammation. More importantly, anthocyanins can cross the blood-brain barrier and are safe. Hence, the current review focuses on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, clinical and in vitro evidence on their role in impeding the activation of transcription factors, modulating the immune milieu within the central nervous system, preventing the activation of microglia, and averting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia J.F. Banji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; Tel: 966-557942761; E-mail:
| | - David Banji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
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Ochnik M, Franz D, Sobczyński M, Naporowski P, Banach M, Orzechowska B, Sochocka M. Inhibition of Human Respiratory Influenza A Virus and Human Betacoronavirus-1 by the Blend of Double-Standardized Extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050619. [PMID: 35631445 PMCID: PMC9143272 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial diseases are among the greatest concerns of humankind since ancient times. Despite tremendous pharmacological progress, there is still a need to search for new drugs that could treat or support the healing processes. A rich source of bioactive compounds with antiviral potency include plants such as black chokeberry and elderberry. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antiviral ability of an originally designed double-standardized blend of extracts from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L. (EAM-ESN) or separated extracts of A. melanocarpa (EAM) or S. nigra (ESN) against four human respiratory tract viruses: influenza A virus (A/H1N1), betacoronavirus-1 (HCoV-OC43) belonging to the same β-coronaviruses as the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1), and human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5). Antiviral assays (AVAs) were used to evaluate the antiviral activity of the plant extracts in a cell-present environment with extracts tested before, simultaneously, or after viral infection. The virus replication was assessed using the CPE scale or luminescent assay. The EAM-ESN blend strongly inhibited A/H1N1 replication as well as HCoV-OC43, while having a limited effect against HHV-1 and HAdV-5. This activity likely depends mostly on the presence of the extract of S. nigra. However, the EAM-ESN blend possesses more effective inhibitory activity toward virus replication than its constituent extracts. A post-infection mechanism of action of the EAM-ESN make this blend the most relevant for potential drugs and supportive treatments; thus, the EAM-ESN blend might be considered as a natural remedy in mild, seasonal respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ochnik
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (D.F.); (B.O.)
| | - Dominika Franz
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (D.F.); (B.O.)
| | - Maciej Sobczyński
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Naporowski
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Banach
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Beata Orzechowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (D.F.); (B.O.)
| | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (D.F.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-713-709-924
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Hahm TH, Tanaka M, Matsui T. Current Knowledge on Intestinal Absorption of Anthocyanins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2501-2509. [PMID: 35179384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are natural color pigments occurring in various colored plants, such as berry fruits, vegetables, and grapes. With the elucidation of their various physiological effects, anthocyanins have been identified as promising functional food ingredients. However, findings on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, which are present in various chemical structures in foods, are limited; their intestinal absorption behaviors, including their transport route(s), have not been fully explained. This perspective overviews the current knowledge and issues and discusses advanced techniques, such as in situ matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, and future perspectives on the study of the bioavailability of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Lorzadeh E, Heidary Z, Mohammadi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Salehi-Abargouei A. Does pomegranate consumption improve oxidative stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:117-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Ryu D, Sung Y, Hong J, Koh E. Cellular uptake of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean, grape, and purple sweet potato using INT-407 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1383-1391. [PMID: 34691805 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study combined in vitro digestion and INT-407 cells to evaluate the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins in the small intestinal epithelial cells. Black soybean, grape, and purple sweet potato were chosen as they have a different anthocyanin composition. After the aqueous extract was digested under in vitro gastric and intestinal conditions, the digested mixture was incubated in the media of INT-407 for 2 h at 37 °C. Low proportion (< 0.3%) of anthocyanins in black soybean and grape passed through cell membranes. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside in black soybean and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-diglucoside and delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-diglucoside in grape were found inside the cell. However, acylated anthocyanins containing three sugar moieties in purple sweet potato were not detected inside the cell. p-Coumaric acid was detected in the cells incubated with grape, but not in the media. These indicate that chemical structure of anthocyanins affected their cellular uptake and antioxidant activity in INT-407 cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00976-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Ryu
- Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea
| | - Yunkyung Sung
- Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea
| | - Eunmi Koh
- Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea
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10
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Jokioja J, Yang B, Linderborg KM. Acylated anthocyanins: A review on their bioavailability and effects on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5570-5615. [PMID: 34611984 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the natural red and purple colorants of berries, fruits, vegetables, and tubers, improve carbohydrate metabolism and decrease the risk factors of metabolic disorders, but their industrial use is limited by their chemical instability. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins, however, changes the chemical properties of anthocyanins and provides enhanced stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins are more usable as natural colorants and bioactive components of innovative functional foods. Acylated anthocyanins are common in pigmented vegetables and tubers, the consumption of which has the potential to increase the intake of health-promoting anthocyanins as part of the daily diet. For the first time, this review presents the current findings on bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and health effects of acylated anthocyanins with comparison to more extensively investigated nonacylated anthocyanins. The structural differences between nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins lead to enhanced color stability, altered absorption, bioavailability, in vivo stability, and colonic degradation. The impact of phenolic metabolites and their potential health effects regardless of the low bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins as such is discussed. Here, purple-fleshed potatoes are presented as a globally available, eco-friendly model food rich in acylated anthocyanins, which further highlights the industrial possibilities and nutritional relevance of acylated anthocyanins. This work supports the academic community and industry in food research and development by reviewing the current literature and highlighting gaps of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jokioja
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Bonesi M, Leporini M, Tenuta MC, Tundis R. The Role of Anthocyanins in Drug Discovery: Recent Developments. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 17:286-298. [PMID: 30686260 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125152931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have always played a key role in drug discovery. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoids family responsible for the purple, blue, and red colour of many vegetables and fruits. These phytochemicals have attracted the interest of researchers for their important implications in human health and for their use as natural colorants. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the potential effects of anthocyanins and anthocyanins-rich foods in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review reports the recent literature data and focuses on the potential role of anthocyanins in drug discovery. Their biological activity, analysis of structure-activity relationships, bioavailability, metabolism, and future prospects of their uses are critically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria C Tenuta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Identification of Stabilization of Malvid Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Stress Activation via the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9934646. [PMID: 34484410 PMCID: PMC8413028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9934646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitis amurensis Rupr. "Beibinghong" is abundant in anthocyanins, including malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv3G), and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (Mv35 G). Anthocyanins offer nutritional and pharmacological effects, but their stability is poor. Interaction of malvid anthocyanins with caffeic acid through ultrahigh pressure technology produces stable anthocyanin derivatives. This study aims to identify the structure of stable mallow-like anthocyanins and to determine the effect of these stable anthocyanins on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2O2-induced oxidative damage and the signaling pathway involved. The products of malvid anthocyanins and caffeic acid bonding were identified and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS). The bonding products were malvidin-3-O-guaiacol (Mv3C), malvidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)-glucoside (Mv3CG), and malvidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)-5-diglucoside (Mv3C5G). An oxidative stress injury model in HUVECs was established using H2O2 and treated with Mv, Mv3G, Mv35 G, Mv3C, Mv3CG, and Mv3C5G at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μmol/L). Results showed that the above compound concentrations can significantly increase cell proliferation rate and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species at 100 μmol/L. The effects of the most active products Mv and Mv3C on the AMP-activated protein (AMPK)/silencing information regulator-1 (SIRT1) pathway were analyzed. Results showed that Mv and Mv3C significantly increased SOD activity in the cells and significantly upregulated the expression of SIRT1 mRNA, SIRT1, and p-AMPK protein. However, they did not significantly change the expression of AMPK protein. After the silent intervention of siRNA in SIRT1 gene expression, the upregulation of SIRT1 and p-AMPK protein by Mv and Mv3C was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that stabilization malvid anthocyanins exerts an antioxidant activity via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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Marathe SJ, Shah NN, Bajaj SR, Singhal RS. Esterification of anthocyanins isolated from floral waste: Characterization of the esters and their application in various food systems. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hole KL, Williams RJ. Flavonoids as an Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Hurdles Towards Defining a Mechanism of Action. Brain Plast 2021; 6:167-192. [PMID: 33782649 PMCID: PMC7990465 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to develop a disease modifying intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) through targeting amyloid β (Aβ) have so far been unsuccessful. There is, therefore, a need for novel therapeutics against alternative targets coupled with approaches which may be suitable for early and sustained use likely required for AD prevention. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that flavonoids can act within processes and pathways relevant to AD, such as Aβ and tau pathology, increases in BDNF, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurogenesis. However, the therapeutic development of flavonoids has been hindered by an ongoing lack of clear mechanistic data that fully takes into consideration metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids in vivo. With a focus on studies that incorporate these considerations into their experimental design, this review will evaluate the evidence for developing specific flavonoids as therapeutics for AD. Given the current lack of success of anti-Aβ targeting therapeutics, particular attention will be given to flavonoid-mediated regulation of tau phosphorylation and aggregation, where there is a comparable lack of study. Reflecting on this evidence, the obstacles that prevent therapeutic development of flavonoids will be examined. Finally, the significance of recent advances in flavonoid metabolomics, modifications and influence of the microbiome on the therapeutic capacity of flavonoids in AD are explored. By highlighting the potential of flavonoids to target multiple aspects of AD pathology, as well as considering the hurdles, this review aims to promote the efficient and effective identification of flavonoid-based approaches that have potential as therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L. Hole
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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17
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The Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Black Currant Puree after High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153544. [PMID: 32756431 PMCID: PMC7435975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and thermal processing (TP) on the bioaccessibility of vitamin C and anthocyanins as well as changes in the antioxidant capacity (AC) using ABTS+• and DPPH• tests on blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) puree during the steps in the digestive process. The puree was subjected to HPP at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 5 min (room temperature) or TP at 85 °C for 10 min. The controls were untreated puree (P) and fruit crushed in a mortar (M). All the samples were digested in a static in vitro digestion model, including the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, and subjected to dialysis. The vitamin C, anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity were monitored at each step of the digestion process. The potential bioaccessibility of the antioxidants studied was calculated in relation to the undigested sample. TP and HPP enabled a high content of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and AC to be maintained. After simulated digestion in the small intestine, a significant decrease was observed in the vitamin C and anthocyanins (approximately 98%) content. However, a high stability (approximately 70%) of both compounds was noted at the gastric stage. HPP and TP significantly affected the potential bioaccessibility of vitamin C and anthocyanins, although the bioaccessibility of both compounds in the samples treated using HPP was higher than when using TP. Moreover, the potential bioaccessibility of vitamin C after HPP treatment (400 and 600 MPa) was higher than the bioaccessibility calculated for the M and P control samples. TP and HPP treatment negatively affected anthocyanin bioaccessibility after dialysis. The most favorable pressure was 400 MPa, as it allowed maintaining the best antioxidant activity after digestion.
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Stübler AS, Lesmes U, Juadjur A, Heinz V, Rauh C, Shpigelman A, Aganovic K. Impact of pilot-scale processing (thermal, PEF, HPP) on the stability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols and proteins in mixed protein- and polyphenol-rich juice systems. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chan SW, Tomlinson B. Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Molecules 2020; 25:E1653. [PMID: 32260262 PMCID: PMC7180827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 853, China
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Radbeh Z, Asefi N, Hamishehkar H, Roufegarinejad L, Pezeshki A. Novel carriers ensuring enhanced anti-cancer activity of Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109906. [PMID: 32106382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornusmas' bioactive compounds are powerful antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of the encapsulated bioactive compounds of Cornus mas extract (CME) and its release in semi digestive condition via enteric coated nanocarriers (NCs). The two forms of CME, encapsulated into enteric coated nanocarriers (CME-NCs) and free CME, were studied to determine the effect of encapsulation on the stability of antioxidants. Then, their effect on cell cycle, cell viability and apoptosis of cancer cells were studied. The characterization analysis reported the mean particle size and zeta potential value of NCs equal to 22.7 ± 6.58 nm and -16 ± 5 mV. The results showed that CME-NCs could improve IC50 value 1.33 and 1.47 times more than the free CME after 24 and 48 h of incubation. These findings confirmed that CME-NCs could stop the cells proliferation in G1 phase, and caused apoptosis in cancer cell line HT-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Radbeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narmela Asefi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roufegarinejad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akram Pezeshki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Blueberry Juice Antioxidants Protect Osteogenic Activity against Oxidative Stress and Improve Long-Term Activation of the Mineralization Process in Human Osteoblast-Like SaOS-2 Cells: Involvement of SIRT1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020125. [PMID: 32024159 PMCID: PMC7070538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables with many antioxidants can be very important in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Studies show that oxidative stress, often due to lack of antioxidants, is involved in alteration of bone remodeling and reduction in bone density. This study demonstrates in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells that blueberry juice (BJ), containing 7.5 or 15 μg∙mL-1 total soluble polyphenols (TSP), is able to prevent the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and the mineralization process due to oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. This situation mimics a metabolic condition of oxidative stress that may occur during estrogen deficiency. The effect of BJ phytochemicals occurs through redox- and non-redox-regulated mechanisms. BJ protects from oxidative damage factors related to bone remodeling and bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase and Runt-related transcription factor 2. It upregulates these factors by activation of sirtuin type 1 deacetylase expression, a possible molecular target for anti-osteoporotic drugs. Quantitative analysis of TSP in BJ shows high levels of anthocyanins with high antioxidant capacity and bioavailability. These novel data may be important to elucidate the molecular and cellular beneficial effects of blueberry polyphenols on bone regeneration, and they suggest their use as a dietary supplement for osteoporosis prevention and therapies.
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Kang GG, Francis N, Hill R, Waters D, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. Dietary Polyphenols and Gene Expression in Molecular Pathways Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010140. [PMID: 31878222 PMCID: PMC6981492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder with various contributing factors including genetics, epigenetics, environment and lifestyle such as diet. The hallmarks of T2DM are insulin deficiency (also referred to as β-cell dysfunction) and insulin resistance. Robust evidence suggests that the major mechanism driving impaired β-cell function and insulin signalling is through the action of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Chronic high blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) and hyperlipidaemia appear to be the primary activators of these pathways. Reactive oxygen species can disrupt intracellular signalling pathways, thereby dysregulating the expression of genes associated with insulin secretion and signalling. Plant-based diets, containing phenolic compounds, have been shown to exhibit remedial benefits by ameliorating insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The literature also provides evidence that polyphenol-rich diets can modulate the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion, insulin signalling, and liver gluconeogenesis pathways. However, whether various polyphenols and phenolic compounds can target specific cellular signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been elucidated. This review aims to evaluate the modulating effects of various polyphenols and phenolic compounds on genes involved in cellular signalling pathways (both in vitro and in vivo from human, animal and cell models) leading to the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Gatluak Kang
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Nidhish Francis
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Rodney Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Daniel Waters
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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Bloedon TK, Braithwaite RE, Carson IA, Klimis-Zacas D, Lehnhard RA. Impact of anthocyanin-rich whole fruit consumption on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:630-645. [PMID: 31228241 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Supplementing with fruits high in anthocyanins to reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation has produced mixed results. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to discuss the impact of whole fruits high in anthocyanins, including processing methods and the type and amount of fruit, on inflammation and oxidative stress. DATA SOURCES PICOS reporting guidelines and a customized coding scheme were used to search 5 databases (SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, Web of Science [BIOSIS], Medline [Pubmed], and the Cochrane Collaboration) with additional cross-referencing selection. DATA EXTRACTION A random-effects meta-analysis was used to measure effects of the fruit supplements with 3 statistics; the QTotal value based on a χ2 distribution, τ2 value, and I2 value were used to determine homogeneity of variances on 22 studies (out of 807). Outliers were identified using a relative residual value. RESULTS A small significant negative summary effect across the sum of all inflammatory marker outcomes (P < 0.001) and a moderate negative effect for the sum of all oxidative stress marker outcomes (P = 0.036) were found. Moderator analyses did not reveal significant (P > 0.05) differences between subgrouping variables. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that consumption of whole fruit high in anthocyanins can be beneficial for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K Bloedon
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | - Rock E Braithwaite
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | - Imogene A Carson
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | | | - Robert A Lehnhard
- School of Kinesiology, Physical Education and Athletic Training, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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Domazetovic V, Marcucci G, Pierucci F, Bruno G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brandi ML, Iantomasi T, Meacci E, Vincenzini MT. Blueberry juice protects osteocytes and bone precursor cells against oxidative stress partly through SIRT1. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1082-1096. [PMID: 31006177 PMCID: PMC6551492 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and abnormal osteocyte apoptosis are often related to dysregulation of bone turnover and chronic bone loss, and so fruit and vegetables with high antioxidant potential may play an important role in the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis. Osteocytes are the main regulators of bone remodelling. For the first time, we demonstrate here that blueberry juice (BJ), obtained from Vaccinium myrtillus, rich in polyphenols, shows antioxidant and antiosteoclastogenic properties in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes. We report that BJ prevents oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and reverses the increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and sclerostin expression, crucial factors for osteoclast activation and bone resorption. BJ is also able to prevent oxidative stress‐induced cell cytotoxicity in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered to be an important tool for cell therapy in bone disorders. No significant difference in preventing these events was observed between BJ and blueberry dry extract containing equal amounts of total soluble polyphenols. We have also shown that blueberry acts as both an antioxidant and an activator of sirtuin type 1, a class III histone deacetylase involved in cell death regulation and considered a molecular target for blocking bone resorption without affecting osteoclast survival. Overall, these novel data obtained in osteocytes and MSCs may help us clarify the mechanisms by which blueberry counteracts oxidative stress‐induced damage in bone remodelling and osteogenesis at the cellular and molecular level. Our findings are consistent with the reported beneficial effects of blueberry on bone tissue reported in animal studies, which suggest that blueberry may be a useful supplement for the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis and osteogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
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Williamson G, Kay CD, Crozier A. The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1054-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Inst. North Carolina State Univ. North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - Alan Crozier
- Dept. of Nutrition Univ. of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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Sandhu AK, Miller MG, Thangthaeng N, Scott TM, Shukitt-Hale B, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Metabolic fate of strawberry polyphenols after chronic intake in healthy older adults. Food Funct 2018; 9:96-106. [PMID: 29318244 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Strawberries contain a wide array of nutrients and phytochemicals including polyphenols such as anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and ellagitannins. These polyphenols are absorbed and metabolized to various phenolic metabolites/conjugates in the body, which may play a role in disease risk reduction. In the present study, we investigated the metabolic fate of strawberry polyphenols after chronic (90 days) supplementation of freeze-dried strawberry (24 g d-1, equivalent to 2 cups of fresh strawberries) vs. control powder in 19 healthy older adults. Blood samples were collected at two time-points i.e., fasting (t = 0 h) and 2 h after the breakfast meal. On days 45 and 90 breakfast also included a control or strawberry drink consistent with their treatment randomization. A total of 21 polyphenolic metabolites were quantified in plasma consisting of 3 anthocyanins/metabolites, 3 urolithin metabolites and 15 phenolic acid metabolites. Among anthocyanins/metabolite, pelargonidin glucuronide (85.7 ± 9.0 nmol L-1, t = 2 h, day 90) was present in the highest concentration. Persistent concentrations of anthocyanins/metabolites, urolithins and some phenolic acids were observed in fasting (t = 0 h) plasma samples on day 45 and 90 after strawberry drink consumption suggesting a role of enteric, enterohepatic recycling or upregulation of gut microbial and/or human metabolism of these compounds. Our results suggest that strawberry polyphenols are absorbed and extensively metabolized, and can persist in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep K Sandhu
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL, USA.
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27
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Liu J, Song J, Huang K, Michel D, Fang J. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of anthocyanins in human plasma and urine using protein precipitation and dilute-and-shoot sample preparation methods, respectively. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4177. [PMID: 29251356 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed to analyze anthocyanins in urine and plasma to further understand their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The method employed a Synergi RP-Max column (250 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) and an API 4000 mass spectrometer. A gradient elution system consisted of mobile phase A (water-1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile) with a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The gradient was initiated at 5% B, increased to 21% B at 20 min, and then increased to 40% B at 35 min. The analysis of anthocyanins presents a challenge because of the poor stability of anthocyanins during sample preparation, especially during solvent evaporation. In this method, the degradation of anthocyanins was minimized using protein precipitation and dilute-and-shoot and sample preparation methods for plasma and urine, respectively. No interferences were observed from endogenous compounds. The method has been used to analyze anthocyanin concentrations in urine and plasma samples from volunteers administered saskatoon berries. Cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-xyloside and quercetin-3-galactoside, the five major flavonoid components in saskatoon berries, were identified in plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxue Song
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karen Huang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Deborah Michel
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jim Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Celli GB, Ghanem A, Brooks MSL. A theoretical physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach for modeling the fate of anthocyanins in vivo. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3197-3207. [PMID: 27002538 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins (ACNs) and their metabolites have uncovered evidence for hitherto unknown physiological effects affecting the fate of these compounds in vivo. In particular, it has been shown that the stomach, in addition to the small intestine, has an important role in absorption. Most studies still use a noncompartmental or one-compartmental approach to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ACNs, which does not represent the anatomical and physiological conditions that a compound is subject to in the organism. Thus, the objective of this study was to review the current knowledge of the different processes involved in the metabolism of ACNs once ingested and, based on this information, propose a theoretical physiologically based, multicompartmental pharmacokinetic (PBMK) model to describe their fate in vivo. This is the first study that reports a PBMK model for ACNs; the model provides a more physiologically representative approach for ANC metabolism, which could be used as a basis for experimental designs and interspecies scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bonat Celli
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Amyl Ghanem
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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Gramza-Michałowska A, Sidor A, Kulczyński B. Berries as a potential anti-influenza factor – A review. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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30
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Selby-Pham SNB, Miller RB, Howell K, Dunshea F, Bennett LE. Physicochemical properties of dietary phytochemicals can predict their passive absorption in the human small intestine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1931. [PMID: 28512322 PMCID: PMC5434065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet high in phytochemical-rich plant foods is associated with reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Oxidative stress and inflammation (OSI) is the common component underlying these chronic diseases. Whilst the positive health effects of phytochemicals and their metabolites have been demonstrated to regulate OSI, the timing and absorption for best effect is not well understood. We developed a model to predict the time to achieve maximal plasma concentration (Tmax) of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. We used a training dataset containing 67 dietary phytochemicals from 31 clinical studies to develop the model and validated the model using three independent datasets comprising a total of 108 dietary phytochemicals and 98 pharmaceutical compounds. The developed model based on dietary intake forms and the physicochemical properties lipophilicity and molecular mass accurately predicts Tmax of dietary phytochemicals and pharmaceutical compounds over a broad range of chemical classes. This is the first direct model to predict Tmax of dietary phytochemicals in the human body. The model informs the clinical dosing frequency for optimising uptake and sustained presence of dietary phytochemicals in circulation, to maximise their bio-efficacy for positively affect human health and managing OSI in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, 3030, Australia
| | | | - Kate Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, 3030, Australia.
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Matsukawa T, Motojima H, Sato Y, Takahashi S, Villareal MO, Isoda H. Upregulation of skeletal muscle PGC-1α through the elevation of cyclic AMP levels by Cyanidin-3-glucoside enhances exercise performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44799. [PMID: 28317895 PMCID: PMC5357948 DOI: 10.1038/srep44799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and physical training enhance physiological capacity and improve metabolic diseases. Skeletal muscles require peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the process of their adaptation to exercise owing to PGC-1α's ability to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and oxidative metabolism. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G) is a natural polyphenol and a nutraceutical factor, which has several beneficial effects on human health. Here, the effect of Cy3G on exercise performance and the underlying mechanisms involved were investigated. ICR mice were given Cy3G (1 mg/kg, orally) everyday and made to perform weight-loaded swimming exercise for 15 days. The endurance of mice orally administered with Cy3G was improved, enabling them to swim longer (time) and while the levels of exercise-induced lactate and fatigue markers (urea nitrogen, creatinine and total ketone bodies) were reduced. Additionally, the expression of lactate metabolism-related genes (lactate dehydrogenase B and monocarboxylate transporter 1) in gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles was increased in response to Cy3G-induced PGC-1α upregulation. In vitro, using C2C12 myotubes, Cy3G-induced elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels increased PGC-1α expression via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase pathway. This study demonstrates that Cy3G enhances exercise performance by activating lactate metabolism through skeletal muscle PGC-1α upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Takahashi A, Okumura J, Morita Y, Chiji H. Intestinal Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Betalain: A Nitrogen-containing Pigment from Table Beets and Cactus Pear Fruit Juice. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.64.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Takahashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata prefecture
| | - Junko Okumura
- Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation Sapporo Office
| | | | - Hideyuki Chiji
- Sapporo Anti-Aging Laboratory Co., Ltd
- Fuji Women’s University QOL Institute
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Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The role of metabolism (and the microbiome) in defining the clinical efficacy of dietary flavonoids. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:10-22. [PMID: 27881391 PMCID: PMC5183723 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, there is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on health. However, there is extensive heterogeneity in the response to increased intake, which is likely mediated via wide interindividual variability in flavonoid absorption and metabolism. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized by phase I and phase II metabolism (which occur predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and liver) and colonic microbial metabolism. A number of factors, including age, sex, and genotype, may affect these metabolic processes. In addition, food composition and flavonoid source are likely to affect bioavailability, and emerging data suggest a critical role for the microbiome. This review will focus on the current knowledge for the main subclasses of flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones, for which there is growing evidence from prospective studies of beneficial effects on health. The identification of key factors that govern metabolism and an understanding of how the differential capacity to metabolize these bioactive compounds affect health outcomes will help establish how to optimize intakes of flavonoids for health benefits and in specific subgroups. We identify research areas that need to be addressed to further understand important determinants of flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism and to advance the knowledge base that is required to move toward the development of dietary guidelines and recommendations for flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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34
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Guzzi C, Colombo L, Luigi AD, Salmona M, Nicotra F, Airoldi C. Flavonoids and Their Glycosides as Anti-amyloidogenic Compounds: Aβ1-42 Interaction Studies to Gain New Insights into Their Potential for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Therapy. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:67-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Guzzi
- Department of Biotecnology and Bioscience; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 I-20126 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”; Via Giuseppe La Masa, 19 20156 Milan Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”; Via Giuseppe La Masa, 19 20156 Milan Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”; Via Giuseppe La Masa, 19 20156 Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotecnology and Bioscience; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 I-20126 Milan Italy
- Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI); 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotecnology and Bioscience; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 I-20126 Milan Italy
- Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI); 20126 Milan Italy
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Matsukawa T, Villareal MO, Motojima H, Isoda H. Increasing cAMP levels of preadipocytes by cyanidin-3-glucoside treatment induces the formation of beige phenotypes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:77-85. [PMID: 27865158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem and a major risk factor for the onset of several diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, also called beige or brite adipocytes, by pharmacological and dietary compounds has gained attention as an effective treatment for obesity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G), a polyphenolic compound contained in black soybean, blueberry and grape, has several antiobesity effects. However, there are no reports on the role of Cy3G in the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes to beige adipocytes and corresponding phenotypes. Here, the formation of beige adipocyte phenotypes following treatment with Cy3G was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cy3G induced phenotypic changes to white adipocytes, such as increased multilocular lipid droplets and mitochondrial content. Additionally, the expression of mitochondrial genes (TFAM, SOD2, UCP-1 and UCP-2), UCP-1 protein and beige adipocyte markers (CITED1 and TBX1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased by Cy3G. Furthermore, Cy3G promoted preadipocyte differentiation by up-regulating of C/EBPβ through the elevation of the intracellular cAMP levels. These results indicated that Cy3G elevates the intracellular cAMP levels, which induces beige adipocyte phenotypes. This is the first report on the effect of Cy3G on induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into beige adipocyte phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Sohrab G, Ebrahimof S, Sotoudeh G, Neyestani TR, Angoorani P, Hedayati M, Siasi F. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:249-255. [PMID: 27633135 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased free radicals production due to hyperglycemia produces oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. Pomegranate juice (PJ) has antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effects of PJ consumption in oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was a randomized clinical trial performed on 60, 40-65 years old diabetic patients. The patients were randomly allocated either to PJ consumption group or control. Patients in PJ group consumed 200 ml of PJ daily for six weeks. Sex distribution and the mean age were not different between two groups. After six weeks intervention, oxidized LDL and anti-oxidized LDL antibodies decreased and total serum antioxidant capacity and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase increased significantly in the PJ-treated group compared to the control group. Our data have shown that six weeks supplementation of PJ could have favorable effects on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Golbon Sohrab
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Giti Sotoudeh
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tirang Reza Neyestani
- d Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- e Cellular-Molecular Research center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Siasi
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Liu C, Sun J, Lu Y, Bo Y. Effects of Anthocyanin on Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162089. [PMID: 27589062 PMCID: PMC5010219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia was present in most of the patients with coronary heart disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin has some effects on the serum lipid. However, these results are controversial. This study aimed at collecting current clinical evidence and evaluating the effects of anthocyanin supplementation on total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in dialysis patients. Methods The search included PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database (up to July 2015) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association between anthocyanin and serum lipids. RevMan (version 5.2) was used for Meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and Egger’s weighted regression tests were performed by using STATA software (version 12.0; StatCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results Six studies (seven arms) involving 586 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that anthocyanin supplementation has significant effects on TC [MD = -24.06, 95% CI(-45.58 to -2.64) mg/dL, I2 = 93%], TG [MD = -26.14, 95%CI(-40.20 to -3.08) mg/dL, I2 = 66%1], LDL-C [MD = -22.10, 95% CI (-34.36 to -9.85) mg/dL, I2 = 61%], and HDL-C(MD = 5.58, 95% CI (1.02 to 10.14) mg/dL;I2 = 90%). Conclusion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in patients with dyslipidemia, and increases HDL-C. Further rigorously designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of anthocyanin supplementation for dyslipidemia, especially hypo high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- The North Hospital of the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai City, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - Yacong Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Sandhu AK, Huang Y, Xiao D, Park E, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Pharmacokinetic Characterization and Bioavailability of Strawberry Anthocyanins Relative to Meal Intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4891-4899. [PMID: 27255121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma strawberry anthocyanins were characterized in overweight (BMI: 26 ± 2 kg/m(2)) adults (n = 14) on the basis of meal timing. At each visit, subjects ingested three study drinks: two control and one strawberry drink. A strawberry drink was given at either 2 h before the breakfast meal (BM), with the meal (WM), or 2 h after the meal (AM), and control drinks were given at the alternative time points. Plasma anthocyanins and their metabolic conjugates were assessed hourly for 10 h using a triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. Maximum concentrations (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC), and bioavailability of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins determined from the main conjugated metabolite (pelargonidin glucuronide) were greater when a strawberry drink was consumed 2 h before the meal (BM) compared to consumption WM or AM (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the timing of strawberry consumption relative to a meal impacts anthocyanin pharmacokinetic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep K Sandhu
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Yancui Huang
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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39
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Xie L, Lee SG, Vance TM, Wang Y, Kim B, Lee JY, Chun OK, Bolling BW. Bioavailability of anthocyanins and colonic polyphenol metabolites following consumption of aronia berry extract. Food Chem 2016; 211:860-8. [PMID: 27283706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A single-dose pharmacokinetic trial was conducted in 6 adults to evaluate the bioavailability of anthocyanins and colonic polyphenol metabolites after consumption of 500mg aronia berry extract. UHPLC-MS methods were developed to quantitate aronia berry polyphenols and their metabolites in plasma and urine. While anthocyanins were bioavailable, microbial phenolic catabolites increased ∼10-fold more than anthocyanins in plasma and urine. Among the anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was rapidly metabolized to peonidin-3-O-galactoside. Aronia polyphenols were absorbed and extensively metabolized with tmax of anthocyanins and other polyphenol catabolites from 1.0h to 6.33h in plasma and urine. Despite significant inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetic parameters, concentrations of polyphenol metabolites in plasma and urine at 24h were positively correlated with total AUC in plasma and urine (r=0.93, and r=0.98, respectively). This suggests that fasting blood and urine collections could be used to estimate polyphenol bioavailability and metabolism after aronia polyphenol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Terrence M Vance
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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Jaturasitha S, Ratanapradit P, Piawong W, Kreuzer M. Effects of Feeding Purple Rice (Oryza sativa L. Var. Glutinosa) on the Quality of Pork and Pork Products. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:555-63. [PMID: 26949957 PMCID: PMC4782091 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purple rice is a strain of glutaneous rice rich in anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol. Both types of compounds are involved in antioxidant and lipid metabolism of mammals. Three experimental diet types were used which consisted approximately by half either of purple rice, white rice or corn. Diets were fed to 3×10 pigs growing from about 30 to 100 kg. Meat samples were investigated either as raw or cured loin chops or as smoked bacon produced from the belly. Various physicochemical traits were assessed and data were evaluated by analysis of variance. Traits describing water-holding capacity (drip, thaw, and cooking losses) and tenderness (sensory grading, shear force) of the meat were mostly not significantly affected by the diet type. However, purple rice feeding of pigs resulted in lower fat and cholesterol contents of loin and smoked bacon compared to white rice, but not compared to corn feeding except of the fat content of the loin. The shelf life of the raw loin chops was improved by purple rice as well. In detail, the occurrence of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after 9 days of chilled storage was three to four times higher in the white rice and corn diets than with purple rice. The n-6:n-3 ratio in the raw loin chops was 9:1 with purple rice and clearly higher with 12:1 with the other diets, meat lipids. Level and kind of effect of purple rice found in raw meat was not always recovered in the cured loin chops and the smoked bacon. Still the impression of flavor and color, as well as overall acceptability were best in the smoked bacon from the purple-rice fed pigs, whereas this effect did not occur in the cured loin chops. These findings suggest that purple rice has a certain, useful, bioactivity in pigs concerning meat quality, but some of these effects are of low practical relevance. Further studies have to show ways how transiency and low recovery in meat products of some of the effects can be counteracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Punnares Ratanapradit
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Witapong Piawong
- Agricultural Extension Office, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Thunghuachang, Lamphun, 51160, Thailand
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Akaberi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome. Phytother Res 2016; 30:540-56. [PMID: 26800498 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with several disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia as well as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Plant-derived polyphenols, compounds found in numerous plant species, play an important role as potential treatments for components of metabolic syndrome. Studies have provided evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against metabolic syndrome. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and berries are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Grapes (Vitis vinifera), especially grape seeds, stand out as rich sources of polyphenol potent antioxidants and have been reported helpful for inhibiting the risk factors involved in the metabolic syndrome such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. There are also many studies about gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-obesity effects of grape polyphenolic compounds especially proanthocyanidins in the literature. The present study investigates the protective effects of grape seeds in metabolic syndrome. The results of this study show that grape polyphenols have significant effects on the level of blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, as well as beneficial activities in liver and heart with various mechanisms. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of grape polyphenols is discussed. More detailed mechanistic investigations and phytochemical studies for finding the exact bioactive component(s) and molecular signaling pathways are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Burton-Freeman BM, Sandhu AK, Edirisinghe I. Red Raspberries and Their Bioactive Polyphenols: Cardiometabolic and Neuronal Health Links. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:44-65. [PMID: 26773014 PMCID: PMC4717884 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor that affects the risk of modern-day metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer disease. The potential ability of certain foods and their bioactive compounds to reverse or prevent the progression of the pathogenic processes that underlie these diseases has attracted research attention. Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are unique berries with a rich history and nutrient and bioactive composition. They possess several essential micronutrients, dietary fibers, and polyphenolic components, especially ellagitannins and anthocyanins, the latter of which give them their distinctive red coloring. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed various mechanisms through which anthocyanins and ellagitannins (via ellagic acid or their urolithin metabolites) and red raspberry extracts (or the entire fruit) could reduce the risk of or reverse metabolically associated pathophysiologies. To our knowledge, few studies in humans are available for evaluation. We review and summarize the available literature that assesses the health-promoting potential of red raspberries and select components in modulating metabolic disease risk, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer disease-all of which share critical metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory links. The body of research is growing and supports a potential role for red raspberries in reducing the risk of metabolically based chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt M Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL; and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Amandeep K Sandhu
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL; and
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL; and
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43
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Krüger S, Mirgos M, Morlock G. Effect-directed analysis of fresh and dried elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) via hyphenated planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pradhan PC, Saha S. Anthocyanin profiling of Berberis lycium Royle berry and its bioactivity evaluation for its nutraceutical potential. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 53:1205-13. [PMID: 27162400 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Berberis lycium Royle (Kashmal) belongs to Berberidaceae family and it has a small edible purple berry. It is grown wildly grown in Himalaya. The berry anthocyanins were characterised by HPLC coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrophotometer (MS) detectors. Twelve anthocyanins were identified in the purified extract of berberis berry. Two anthocyanins delphinidin-3-glucoside (35.3 %) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (47.2 %) were characterized as major components. Ten minor anthocyanins were Cyanidin-3-lathyroside (0.08 %), Cyanidin-3-rutinoside (0.53 %), Cyanidin-3-galactoside (1.62 %), Pelargonidin-3-pentoxilhexoside (2.26 %), Malvidin-3,5-dihexoside (4.21 %), Pelargonidin-hexoside (0.58 %), Pelargonidin- 3,5-diglucoside (1.05 %), Cyanidin-3,5-dihexoside (6.12 %), peonidin-3-rutinoside (0.77 %), pelargonidin-3-rutinoside (0.22 %). Apart from anthocyanins, six phenolics were also identified as chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and quercetin. Antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH assay revealed IC50 value of anthocyanin was 25.3 μg ml(-1). FRAP and CUPRAC assay also gave significant antioxidant activity. MTT assay gave the absorbance of 0.53 at 250 μg ml(-1). It may be concluded that the wild berry should be exploited as a source of nutraceuticals for its constitutive phenolics and its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Pradhan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, -110 012 India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, -110 012 India
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45
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Advanced research on the antioxidant and health benefit of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) in food – a review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Flores FP, Singh RK, Kong F. Anthocyanin extraction, microencapsulation, and release properties during in vitro digestion. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Boix N, Piqué E, Gómez-Catalan J, Medina-Remon A, Sasot G, Mercader-Martí M, Llobet JM, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Identification of phenolic compounds in red wine extract samples and zebrafish embryos by HPLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. Food Chem 2015; 181:146-51. [PMID: 25794733 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo is a highly interesting biological model with applications in different scientific fields, such as biomedicine, pharmacology and toxicology. In this study, we used liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) to identify the polyphenol compounds in a red wine extract and zebrafish embryos. Phenolic compounds and anthocyanin metabolites were determined in zebrafish embryos previously exposed to the red wine extract. Compounds were identified by injection in a high-resolution system (LTQ-Orbitrap) using accurate mass measurements in MS, MS(2) and MS(3) modes. To our knowledge, this research constitutes the first comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in zebrafish by HPLC coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Montpellier Cedex 34060, France; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Nuria Boix
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Ester Piqué
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Jesús Gómez-Catalan
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Alexander Medina-Remon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Sasot
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Juan M Llobet
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Seymour EM, Warber SM, Kirakosyan A, Noon KR, Gillespie B, Uhley VE, Wunder J, Urcuyo DE, Kaufman PB, Bolling SF. Anthocyanin pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent plasma antioxidant pharmacodynamics following whole tart cherry intake in healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) concentrate lowers uric acid, independent of plasma cyanidin-3-O-glucosiderutinoside. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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50
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The role of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 2 in the absorption of cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside in Caco-2 cells. Nutrients 2014; 6:4165-77. [PMID: 25314643 PMCID: PMC4210911 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have multiple biological activities of benefit to human health. While a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of anthocyanins, the mechanisms of their absorption mechanism remain ill-defined. In the present study, we investigated the absorption mechanism of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-G) in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Cy-3-G transport was assessed by measuring the absorptive and efflux direction. Inhibition studies were conducted using the pharmacological agents, phloridzin, an inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), or phloretin, an inhibitor of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). The results showed that phloridzin and phloretin significantly inhibited the absorption of Cy-3-G. In addition, Caco-2 cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for SGLT1 or GLUT2 showed significantly decreased Cy-3-G absorption. These siRNA transfected cells also showed a significantly decreased rate of transport of Cy-3-G compared with the control group. These findings suggest that Cy-3-G absorption is dependent on the activities of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine and that SGLT1 and GLUT2 could be a limiting step for the bioavailability of Cy-3-G.
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