1
|
Tarcau BM, Negru A, Ghitea TC, Marian E. Is There a Connection between Hyperhomocysteinemia and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1135. [PMID: 38927342 PMCID: PMC11200371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the distribution of hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular metabolic syndrome (SM) among participants, shedding light on their prevalence and co-occurrence within the study cohort. Through an analysis of demographic characteristics and health parameters, including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), alongside nutritional data, correlations between these factors and health risks are explored. Results reveal a notable prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, with 45.3% of participants exhibiting this condition. Furthermore, 31.4% of the cohort does not present hyperhomocysteinemia or SM, while 23.3% shows SM without hyperhomocysteinemia. The study underscores gender-specific dietary recommendations due to significant variations in nutrient intake patterns. Additionally, inverse correlations between health risks like obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and nutrient requirements highlight the need for tailored dietary interventions. Age-related changes in nutrient needs and the positive correlation between physical activity levels and certain nutrient demands further emphasize the importance of personalized dietary strategies. Variations in nutrient intake by gender, inverse correlations with health risks, and age-related changes underscore the need for tailored dietary strategies. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals in developing targeted nutritional interventions to mitigate disease risk and promote overall health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mihai Tarcau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Andra Negru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.N.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alamri AS, Al-Otaibi FS, Alzahrani AO, Alharthi AS, Alfaran RM, Alzahrani AS. Lifestyle Assessment of Primary Healthcare Physicians in Taif, Saudi Arabia in the Year 2022. Cureus 2023; 15:e37323. [PMID: 37182051 PMCID: PMC10167881 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate primary healthcare physicians' lifestyles to promote their well-being and improve care quality for the general population. Methods This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on primary healthcare physicians in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), using self-administered questionnaires. Results We included 206 participants aged 26-66. Most participants were 35 years old or younger (67%), male (62.1%), and residents (52.4%). Of all participants, 49.5% held a Bachelor's degree, 40.8% had completed their board certificate or Ph.D., and 69.9% had at least 10 years of experience. Of all participants, 16.5% and less than 9% reported having hypercholesterolemia and other comorbidities, respectively. More than 50% were physically inactive, 26.2% were moderately inactive, and 17.4% were moderately active or active individuals. Physical activity was significantly associated with job titles (p < 0.018). The qualification was associated with dietary score (p = 0.034), and 42.7% of participants were in need of diet change. About a quarter (25.2%) were smokers, and 92.3% of them smoked daily. Male participants were associated with a greater likelihood of smoking (p < 0.001). Overall, 41.7% were overweight, and 25.7% were obese. Increased BMI was associated with older age and male gender (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002, respectively), as well as the title of the physician and years of experience (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Participants' unhealthy lifestyles indicate the need to establish measures to promote healthy lifestyles among physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Alamri
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, SAU
| | - Fawaz S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Family Medicine, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU
| | - Ali O Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU
| | | | - Raed M Alfaran
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, SAU
| | - Ahmed S Alzahrani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khanna D, Peltzer C, Kahar P, Parmar MS. Body Mass Index (BMI): A Screening Tool Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e22119. [PMID: 35308730 PMCID: PMC8920809 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI), a measurement based on a person’s height and weight, allows the classification of individuals into categories such as obese or overweight. With these classifications, we can assess risk for hypertension, diabetes, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and other chronic diseases. Furthermore, childhood BMI serves as a prediction method for health and disease later in life. Along with BMI, researchers also study waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in correlation with the above-mentioned chronic illnesses. This brief review explores the associations between body mass index, waist circumference, and the waist-hip ratio as measurements and their capability as predictors for persistent conditions like diabetes and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| | - Cadynce Peltzer
- Foundational Sciences, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| | - Payal Kahar
- Department of Health Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
| | - Mayur S Parmar
- Foundational Sciences, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anwar N, Tucker WJ, Puzziferri N, Samuel TJ, Zaha VG, Lingvay I, Almandoz J, Wang J, Gonzales EA, Brothers RM, Nelson MD, Thomas BP. Cognition and brain oxygen metabolism improves after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: A pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954127. [PMID: 36568067 PMCID: PMC9780258 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this pilot study were to assess cognition and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) consumption in people with severe obesity before (baseline), and again, 2- and 14-weeks after sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery. METHODS Six people with severe/class 3 obesity (52 ± 10 years, five females, body mass index (BMI) = 41.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2), and 10 normal weight sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (48 ± 6 years, eight females, 22.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2). Global CMRO2 was measured non-invasively using MRI and cognition using the Integneuro testing battery. RESULTS Following a sleeve gastrectomy induced weight loss of 6.4 ± 2.5 kg (% total-body-weight-lost = 5.4) over two-weeks, cognition total scores improved by 0.8 ± 0.5 T-scores (p=0.03, 15.8% improvement from baseline). Weight loss over 14-weeks post-surgery was 15.4 ± 3.6 kg (% total-body-weight-lost = 13.0%) and cognition improved by 1.1 ± 0.4 (p=0.003, 20.6% improvement from baseline). At 14-weeks, cognition was 6.4 ± 0.7, comparable to 6.0 ± 0.6 observed in the HC group. Baseline CMRO2 was significantly higher compared to the HC (230.4 ± 32.9 vs. 177.9 ± 33.9 µmol O2/100 g/min, p=0.02). Compared to baseline, CMRO2 was 234.3 ± 16.2 µmol O2/100 g/min at 2-weeks after surgery (p=0.8, 1.7% higher) and 217.3 ± 50.4 at 14-weeks (p=0.5, 5.7% lower) after surgery. 14-weeks following surgery, CMRO2 was similar to HC (p=0.17). CONCLUSION Sleeve gastrectomy induced weight loss was associated with an increase in cognition and a decrease in CMRO2 observed 14-weeks after surgery. The association between weight loss, improved cognition and CMRO2 decrease should be evaluated in larger future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nareen Anwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States
| | - Wesley J. Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Nancy Puzziferri
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - T. Jake Samuel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Vlad G. Zaha
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaime Almandoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Edward A. Gonzales
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | | | - Michael D. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Binu P. Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Binu P. Thomas,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chi DL, Luu M, Chu F. A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S8-S31. [PMID: 28600842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the non-modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children? OBJECTIVES Studies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English-language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de-duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation-management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full-text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non-modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed. RESULTS Non-modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health). CONCLUSIONS Identifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monique Luu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances Chu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solmaz A, Arıcı S, Gülçiçek OB, Yavuz E, Yiğitbaş H, Erçetin C, Öncü M, Çelebi F, Çelik A, Kutaniş R. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2015.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Solmaz
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Arıcı
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Yavuz
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yiğitbaş
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candaş Erçetin
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öncü
- Radiology Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Çelebi
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atilla Çelik
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Riza Kutaniş
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Allen NB, Lloyd-Jones D, Hwang SJ, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Fornage M, Morrison AC, Baldridge AS, Boerwinkle E, Levy D, Cupples LA, Fox CS, Thanassoulis G, Dufresne L, Daviglus M, Johnson AD, Reis J, Rotter J, Palmas W, Allison M, Pankow JS, O'Donnell CJ. Genetic loci associated with ideal cardiovascular health: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Am Heart J 2016; 175:112-20. [PMID: 27179730 PMCID: PMC4873714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic loci are associated with clinical cardiovascular (CV) disease and individual CV risk factors. Individuals with ideal levels of all major CV risk factors have very low risk for CV disease morbidity or mortality. Ideal levels of risk factors can be attained by lifestyle modifications; however, little is known about gene variants associated with ideal CV health. Our objective was to carry out a genome-wide association study on the trait. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 2 dichotomous phenotypes of ideal CV health-clinical (untreated cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80, not diabetic) and clinical+behavioral (clinical plus: not a current smoker, body mass index <25 kg/m(2))-among white participants aged 50±5 years. We performed a meta-analysis of 4 genome-wide association studies (total n=11,708) from the MESA, CARDIA, ARIC, and Framingham Heart Study cohorts. We identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs445925) in the APOC1/APOE region that was associated with clinical ideal CV health at genome-wide level of significance (P<2.0 × 10(-9)). The significance of this region was validated using exome chip genotyping. The association with ideal CV health was attenuated after adjusting for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION A common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the APOC1/APOE region, previously found to be associated with protective levels of cholesterol and lower CV risk, may be associated with ideal health. In future replication studies, larger sample sizes may be needed to detect loci with more modest effects on ideal CV health. In addition to the important impact of lifestyle modifications, we have identified evidence for gene variation that plays a role in ideal CV health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Framingham, MA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Laura Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Abigail S Baldridge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel Levy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Framingham, MA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Caroline S Fox
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Framingham, MA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Department of Medicine and the Research Institute, Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Line Dufresne
- Department of Medicine and the Research Institute, Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Andrew D Johnson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Framingham, MA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Jared Reis
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jerome Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mathew Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Framingham, MA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalantari S. Childhood cardiovascular risk factors, a predictor of late adolescent overweight. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:56. [PMID: 27110553 PMCID: PMC4817401 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.178802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We conducted a prospective study to elucidate the effects of increased cardiovascular risk factors on future weight gain and also the relation between body mass index (BMI) and other cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 1525 nonobese children and adolescents with an age range of 3-16 years old, participating in the 1st phase and follow-up phases of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The subjects were evaluated 4 times with a 3-year time interval regarding lipid profile status and BMI, and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. All the cases had a BMI <85% and had been appraised in at least two evaluation points. Results: Cardiovascular risk factors, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.019), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.016), triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.001), and blood pressure (BP) (P = 0.001); had significant effects on weight gain. There was also no difference between boys and girls and no age trend for increasing weight in both groups. The associations between BMI with cardiovascular risk factors were assessed cross-sectionally. For both sexes, BMI was significantly correlated to systolic and diastolic BP and TG (P = 0.05). For girls, BMI was significantly related to HDL (P = 0.05) regardless to age, but in boys, the relation of BMI with HDL only increased with age (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Increased CVD risk factors are predictors of future overweight in childhood and adolescent and increased weight is linked significantly with dyslipidemia and hypertension in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kalantari
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nielsen TRH, Gamborg M, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg J, Hvidt KN, Ibsen H, Holm JC. Changes in lipidemia during chronic care treatment of childhood obesity. Child Obes 2012. [PMID: 23181919 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2011.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity and related co-morbidities are increasing. This intervention study assessed the associations between weight changes and lipidemia in obese children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 240 obese children and adolescents (median age, 11.3 years; range, 3.9-20.9) were enrolled in a best-practice multidisciplinary chronic care treatment program. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TGs) and anthropometric data comprising height and weight were collected at baseline and after up to 39 months of continuous treatment. RESULTS The BMI standard deviation score (SDS) decreased in 51% of patients and maintained unchanged in 32% of patients during the treatment. At baseline, 65 (27.1%) of the patients exhibited dyslipidemia defined as increased concentrations of total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL), LDL (>130 mg/dL), or TGs (>150 mg/dL), or decreased HDL concentration (<35 mg/dL). Dyslipidemia improved with weight loss; the odds ratio (OR) was 0.37 per BMI SDS (p = 0.014) after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline BMI SDS. Baseline TG concentration correlated positively and HDL concentration correlated negatively with baseline BMI SDS. Weight loss was associated with a decrease in the concentrations of total cholesterol (p = 0.0005), LDL (p < 0.0001), non-HDL (p < 0.0001), and TGs (p < 0.0001), and with an increase in HDL concentration (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION High lipid concentrations were associated with childhood obesity. The lipid profile improved during weight loss independently of the baseline BMI SDS and baseline lipid concentration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dixon LB, Pellizzon MA, Jawad AF, Tershakovec AM. Calcium and Dairy Intake and Measures of Obesity in Hyper- and Normocholesterolemic Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1727-38. [PMID: 16286520 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium intake has been inversely associated with body weight and body fatness in adults and, to a lesser extent, in children. Dairy intake has been inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in overweight but not normal-weight adults. We assessed whether intakes of calcium and dairy foods were associated with measures of obesity in hypercholesterolemic (HC) and normocholesterolemic (non-HC) children at baseline and over 1 year. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Non-obese 4- to 10-year-old HC and non-HC children (342) completed three 24-hour dietary recalls and provided measures of relative weight (BMI and BMI z scores) and adiposity (sum of skinfolds, trunk skinfolds) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses, stratified by cholesterol risk status (HC vs. non-HC) and age (4 to 6 years and 7 to 10 years) and adjusted for potential confounders, were conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, and percentage energy from fat, calcium intake was inversely associated with BMI, sum of skinfolds, and trunk skinfolds at baseline and over 1 year in the 7- to 10-year-old non-HC children. Results from the regression models also indicated an inverse relation between intake of dairy foods and measures of obesity at baseline in these children. Calcium or dairy intake was not associated with measures of obesity in HC children or in the 4- to 6-year-old non-HC children. DISCUSSION These results suggest a complex relation among intake of calcium and dairy foods, measures of obesity, age, and serum cholesterol in children. Older children without risk of metabolic syndrome may benefit most from increased calcium intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Beth Dixon
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shari Barkin
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fazio S, Linton MF. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 as Transducer of Physiologic Influences on Cellular Cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1706-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Moráis López A, Lama More R, Dalmau Serra J. Hipercolesterolemia. Abordaje terapéutico. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 70:488-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
14
|
Yamborisut U, Sungpuag P, Wimonpeerapattana W. Hypercholesterolemia in Thai primary school children: relation to maternal and nutritional factors. Pediatr Int 2008; 50:557-62. [PMID: 18937756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence to show that atherosclerosis can occur in young children and that elevated total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations are risk factors for atherosclerosis. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of maternal and nutritional factors on blood cholesterol in primary school children. METHODS One hundred and ninety-five population-based mother-child pairs (obese child-overweight mother pairs, n = 60; obese child-normal-weight mother pairs, n = 48; wasted child-overweight mother pairs, n = 37; normal-weight child-normal-weight mother pairs, n = 50), were enrolled in the study. Various anthropometric parameters were measured and serum lipids of subjects were further determined. Biological data and children's eating behavior were obtained from the mothers through interviews. RESULTS Hypercholesterolemia was found in 64.6-65% of obese children, 24.3% of wasted children and in 56% of the normal-weight children; whereas the proportion of children in all groups who had normal blood cholesterol levels was in the lower range. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that mother's serum cholesterol (odds ratio [OR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-4.78), child obesity defined by weight-for-height Z-score > +2SD (OR, 2.56; 95%CI: 1.33-4.98), and child's energy intake >/=75th percentile (OR, 2.59; 95%CI: 1.01-6.66) were the significant factors associated with hypercholesterolemia in children. CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolemia in school children is associated with familial factor, bodyweight and nutrient intake. Elevated blood cholesterol was also found in some of the normal-weight and wasted children. Effective family-based intervention programs are urgently needed to modify risk factors predisposing to coronary heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uruwan Yamborisut
- Division of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathorn, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alvarez MM, Vieira ACRE, Sichieri R, Veiga GVD. Associação das medidas antropométricas de localização de gordura central com os componentes da síndrome metabólica em uma amostra probabilística de adolescentes de escolas públicas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 52:649-57. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avaliou-se a associação entre medidas antropométricas de localização de gordura central: circunferências da cintura (CC) e abdominal (CA) e as razões cintura/quadril (RCQ) e cintura/estatura (RCE), independente do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e índice de massa corporal (IMC), com os componentes da síndrome metabólica (SM) em uma amostra probabilística de 610 (222 meninos e 388 meninas) adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos de escolas públicas de Niterói, RJ. Foram avaliados glicose e perfil lipídico pelo método enzimático automatizado, insulina pela técnica de radioimunoensaio, %GC pela bioimpedância elétrica e a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica com manômetro digital. A associação entre as medidas antropométricas foi verificada por meio de regressão linear múltipla, com ajuste para IMC, %GC e idade. Nos meninos, a associação positiva entre CC (b = 1,03, p < 0,01) e RCE (b = 2,33, p < 0,05; b = 2,12 e p < 0,01) com triglicerídios foi mantida independente de IMC e % de GC, respectivamente. A CC se correlacionou com a PAS independente do %GC, tanto nos meninos (b = 0,70 p < 0,01) quanto nas meninas (b = 0,68 p < 0,01). Conclui-se que a CC foi a medida de gordura central que apresentou a melhor associação com os componentes da SM nos adolescentes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene M. Alvarez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gilbert MJ, Fleming MF. Use of enhanced body mass index charts during the pediatric health supervision visit increases physician recognition of overweight patients. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007; 46:689-97. [PMID: 17579096 DOI: 10.1177/0009922807300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends counseling about obesity-specific topics and measuring body mass index (BMI) at all health supervision visits. The authors compared the rates of overweight diagnosis and physician counseling at 2 clinics, one using color-coded BMI charts. The authors interviewed patients and reviewed their charts for differences in diagnosis and counseling rates. They also retrospectively compared age- and physician-matched charts pre- and postintervention, reviewing them for diagnosis of overweight. Intervention patients were more likely to have their BMI discussed (53/77 vs 3/70, P < .0001) and be identified as overweight both prospectively (8/10 vs 1/8, P = .015) and in the authors' matched chart review (8/10 vs 1/10, P = .005). Discussion rates of obesity-related topics such as nutrition, physical activity, and media time did not differ. BMI charts increase overweight patient identification by pediatricians. Further research is needed on the benefits of earlier overweight identification and best counseling methods for promoting healthy weight.
Collapse
|
17
|
Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Non-Obese Prepubertal Children and its Association with Family History of Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, and Obesity. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:1015-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Thorsdottir I, Gunnarsdottir I, Palsson GI, Johannsson E. Anthropometric predictors of serum fasting insulin in 9- and 15-year-old children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:263-271. [PMID: 16679218 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM As the prevalence of overweight and obesity increases, the risk of insulin resistance rises. The aim was to study the association between anthropometric measurements and fasting insulin concentration in a population-based sample of 9- and 15-year-old children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects were randomly selected 9- and 15-year-old pupils (n=262) in a cross-sectional, population-based study. Weight and height, waist, hip and mid-arm-circumference and subcutaneous skinfolds were measured using standard procedures. Fasting insulin was measured. In general the mean anthropometric measurements increased across insulin quartiles. Higher fasting insulin concentration was seen in overweight children and adolescents than in those of normal weight (8.3+/-4.4 vs. 4.9+/-3.6 mmol/L and 11.0+/-4.4 vs. 9.0+/-4.2 mmol/L in 9- and 15 year-olds, respectively). The odds ratio for having insulin in the highest quartile (age and gender-specific) was, when compared with the lowest quartile, 7.2 (95% CI 3.0-17.2) for body mass index and 6.9 (2.8-16.7) for waist circumference. Other measurements of body fatness were less predictive. About 14-20% of children defined as being of normal weight had high fasting insulin values, i.e., were in the highest quartile of fasting insulin. CONCLUSIONS Body fatness is positively related to fasting insulin concentration in 9- and 15-year-old children. A large number of normal-weight individuals with high fasting insulin concentration was observed, and these children could be at increased risk of weight gain, compared with normal-weight individuals with normal fasting insulin concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-University Hospital and Department of Food Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim J, Must A, Fitzmaurice GM, Gillman MW, Chomitz V, Kramer E, McGowan R, Peterson KE. Incidence and remission rates of overweight among children aged 5 to 13 years in a district-wide school surveillance system. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:1588-94. [PMID: 16051932 PMCID: PMC1449402 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.054015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To monitor annual changes in weight status, we determined incidence and remission rates of overweight among school-aged children with longitudinal school-based surveillance. METHODS We estimated 1-year changes in weight status among students enrolled in public schools in Cambridge, Mass. Physical education teachers measured height and weight annually. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated via multivariate logistic regression, accounting for repeated observations of individual children across years. RESULTS The 1-year incidence of overweight was 4%, and the remission rate was 15%. Among overweight children, 85% remained overweight at a 1-year follow-up, while 18% of children at risk for overweight became overweight. Overweight incidence rates were higher among children aged 7 and 8 years than among those aged 11 to 13 years (boys: OR=1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.14, 2.47; girls: OR=1.86; 95% CI=1.25, 2.77). CONCLUSIONS Both incidence and remission rates were higher among younger children. Children who were at risk for overweight were more likely to change their weight status than those who were already overweight. Our results support targeting overweight prevention efforts toward younger children and children at risk for overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao SP, Wu J, Zhang DQ, Ye HJ, Liu L, Li JQ. Fenofibrate enhances CD36 mediated endocytic uptake and degradation of oxidized low density lipoprotein in adipocytes from hypercholesterolemia rabbit. Atherosclerosis 2005; 177:255-62. [PMID: 15530897 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD36 as a fatty acid transporter is predominantly expressed in adipocytes. We studied whether adipocytes could uptake and degrade OxLDL through CD36 and explored the effect of fenofibrate on OxLDL uptake in adipocytes from hypercholesterolemia rabbits. METHODS Subcutaneous adipose tissues were collected from normal, high-cholesterol and high-cholesterol plus fenofibrate treatment rabbits for adipocytes culture. CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Cellular expression of CD36 was confirmed during differentiation of adipose cell by RT-PCR. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C, (125)I-OxLDL was endocytosed in a dose-dependent fashion and underwent lysosomal degradation by adipocytes. In binding experiments at 4 degrees C, (125)I-OxLDL exhibited specific and saturable binding to adipocytes (K(D) = 4.2 microg/mL). The endocytic uptake and degradation of (125)I-OxLDL by adipocytes were inhibited by 56 and 54% with anti-CD36 antibody. Fenofibrate treatment enhanced the (125)I-OxLDL uptake and degradation and up-regulated CD36 mRNA expression in adipocytes and suppressed PPARgamma mRNA expression in adipose tissue from hypercholesterolemia rabbits. CONCLUSION CD36 plays a novel role in adipose tissues and adipocytes possibly involve in clearance of OxLDL in blood. Fenofibrate treatment improved the OxLDL uptake and degradation in adipocytes from hypercholesterolemia rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Middle Ren-Min Road No. 86, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This review explores the evidence to support the leading hypothesis that the metabolic response to hypoxia early in life provides the pathophysiological basis for the metabolic syndrome. Hypoxia is a frequent occurrence during early development and induces a state of energy depletion that triggers a wide range of 'metabolic' responses to preserve homeostasis. Recent interest in the sequelae of energy depletion through hypoxic mechanisms has grown, particularly because of demonstrated links with ensuing metabolic abnormalities and increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. The 'metabolic syndrome' refers to the combination of obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in adults. The metabolic responses to energy depletion during early development provide explanations for some of the mechanisms that ultimately lead to serological features of metabolic dysfunction in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Thus, the acute compensatory response of energy conservation to hypoxia during early development at the cellular, serological and whole organism levels suggests that the metabolic abnormalities that develop later in life may in fact originate very early in life; in other words, constitute early life antecedents of adult disease. Evidence regarding the circumstances under which responses to hypoxia become maladaptive will be discussed, with a focus on chronic conditions and those associated with intermittent respiratory dysfunction such as sleep-disordered breathing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Waters
- Department of Medicine, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Savva SC, Kourides Y, Epiphaniou-Savva M, Tornaritis M, Kafatos A. Short-term predictors of overweight in early adolescence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2003; 28:451-8. [PMID: 14647182 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify short-term predictors of risk for overweight in early adolescence in a sample of Caucasian origin subjects, in Cyprus. SUBJECTS A total of 357 subjects (178 males) with baseline age 11.5+/-0.4 y were re-evaluated after a mean of 1.6+/-0.5 y. MEASUREMENTS Body weight and height, calculated body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure at baseline and follow-up. Serum lipids were determined at baseline. Obesity and overweight were defined at baseline and follow-up, according to the International Obesity Task Force data set. Socioeconomic class was determined. Self-reported parental weight and height were used to calculate the parental BMI. BMI tracking and changes in BMI categories were calculated (with 95% confidence interval (CI)). The future risk of overweight in baseline normal weight subjects was predicted using logistic regression analyses, where only normal weight subjects at baseline were included. RESULTS More males remained in the overweight or obese category than females: 86.7% (95% CI: 73.2, 94.9) vs 71.8% (95% CI: 55.1, 85.0), respectively, P=0.03. The identified predictors for future overweight were paternal obesity, odds ratio (OR): 7.1 (95% CI: 1.3, 38.0), systolic blood pressure >95th percentile, OR: 8.9 (95% CI: 1.9, 41.7), high triglyceride levels, OR: 4.2 (95% CI: 1.0, 16.9) and low HDL-cholesterol levels, OR: 7.6 (95% CI: 1.7, 34.3). CONCLUSIONS Triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels have been proved predictors for overweight in early adolescence for the first time. The different sex pattern in BMI tracking observed, and also the different environmental influences on future overweight risk compared to other studies, indicate that local circumstances should be considered when implementing national intervention strategies for the prevention of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Savva
- Research and Education Foundation of Child Health, Cyprus.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Laker MF. Nutrition and metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003; 14:321-3. [PMID: 12840661 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200306000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|