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Modification of High-Density Lipoprotein Functions by Diet and Other Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245897. [PMID: 34945193 PMCID: PMC8707678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functional traits have emerged as relevant elements that may explain HDL antiatherogenic capacity better than HDL cholesterol levels. These properties have been improved in several lifestyle intervention trials. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the results of such trials of the most commonly used dietary modifications (fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidants, alcohol, and calorie restriction) and physical activity. Articles were screened from the Medline database until March 2021, and 118 randomized controlled trials were selected. Results from HDL functions and associated functional components were extracted, including cholesterol efflux capacity, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, HDL antioxidant capacity, HDL oxidation status, paraoxonase-1 activity, HDL anti-inflammatory and endothelial protection capacity, HDL-associated phospholipase A2, HDL-associated serum amyloid A, and HDL-alpha-1-antitrypsin. In mainly short-term clinical trials, the consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (particularly omega-3 in fish), and dietary antioxidants showed benefits to HDL functionality, especially in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. In this regard, antioxidant-rich dietary patterns were able to improve HDL function in both healthy individuals and subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, in randomized trial assays performed mainly in healthy individuals, reverse cholesterol transport with ethanol in moderate quantities enhanced HDL function. Nevertheless, the evidence summarized was of unclear quality and short-term nature and presented heterogeneity in lifestyle modifications, trial designs, and biochemical techniques for the assessment of HDL functions. Such findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. Large-scale, long-term, randomized, controlled trials in different populations and individuals with diverse pathologies are warranted.
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2
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Soltani S, Boozari M, Cicero AFG, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of phytochemicals on macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity: Impact on atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2854-2878. [PMID: 33464676 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is the major promoter of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. The functions of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux, are associated with cardiovascular disease rather than HDL levels. We have reviewed the evidence base on the major classes of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids, and their effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and its major pathways. Phytochemicals show the potential to improve the efficiency of each of these pathways. The findings are mainly in preclinical studies, and more clinical research is warranted in this area to develop novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Soltani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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O'Reilly ME, Lenighan YM, Dillon E, Kajani S, Curley S, Bruen R, Byrne R, Heslin AM, Moloney AP, Roche HM, McGillicuddy FC. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Alpha Linolenic Acid Improve Cholesterol Homeostasis in Obesity by Modulating Distinct Hepatic Protein Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900599. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella E. O'Reilly
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Lenighan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Eugene Dillon
- Mass Spectrometry ResourceUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Sarina Kajani
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Sean Curley
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Robyn Bruen
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Rachel Byrne
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Aoibhin Moore Heslin
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Aidan P. Moloney
- TeagascAnimal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Meath Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Fiona C. McGillicuddy
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
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Boyer M, Mitchell PL, Poirier P, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Després JP, Arsenault BJ. Impact of a one-year lifestyle modification program on cholesterol efflux capacities in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E460-E468. [PMID: 29870675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00127.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacities (CECs) are negatively associated with cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Whether interventions targeting lifestyle improve HDL-CECs is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether improving dietary quality and increasing physical activity levels improves HDL-CECs in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Our study sample included men (48 ± 8.5 yr) with an elevated waist circumference (≥90 cm) associated with dyslipidemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/l); 113 men completed a 1-yr intervention, consisting of a healthy eating and physical activity/exercise program, and 32 were included in a control group. An oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) was performed in a subsample of 28 men who completed the intervention, and blood was collected every 2 h for 8 h. HDL-CECs were measured using [3H]cholesterol-labeled J774 macrophages and HepG2 hepatocytes. The lifestyle modification program led to an overall improvement in the cardiometabolic risk profile, increases in J774-HDL-CEC by 14.1% (+0.88 ± 1.09%, P < 0.0001), HepG2-HDL-CEC by 3.4% (+0.17 ± 0.75%, P = 0.01), and HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 levels (13.5%, P < 0.0001 and 14.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively). J774-HDL-CECs and HepG2-HDL-CECs did not change in the control group. The best predictor for changes in HDL-CEC was apolipoprotein A-1 level. The lifestyle modification program also improved HDL-CEC response in postprandial lipemia during an OLTT. HDL-CEC did not change during the OLTT. Our results suggest that increasing physical activity levels and improving diet quality can have a positive impact on both HDL quantity and quality in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Boyer
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
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Talbot CP, Plat J, Ritsch A, Mensink RP. Determinants of cholesterol efflux capacity in humans. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:21-32. [PMID: 29269048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Khalil H, Murrin C, O'Reilly M, Viljoen K, Segurado R, O'Brien J, Somerville R, McGillicuddy F, Kelleher CC. Total HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy children - Associations with adiposity and dietary intakes of mother and child. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:70-77. [PMID: 27919542 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity in adults may be a measure of the atheroprotective property of HDL. Little however, is known about HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in childhood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and childhood anthropometrics in a longitudinal study. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-five children (mean age = 9.4 ± 0.4 years) were followed from birth until the age of 9 years. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was determined at age 9 by incubating serum-derived HDL-supernatants with 3H-cholesterol labeled J774 macrophages and percentage efflux determined. Mothers provided dietary information by completing food frequency questionnaires in early pregnancy and then 5 years later on behalf of themselves and their children. Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to confirm independent associations with HDL efflux. There was a negative correlation between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and waist circumference at age 5 (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and BMI at age 5 (r = -0.45, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.19, p = 0.1). Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI at age 5 remained significantly associated with reduced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). HDL-C was negatively correlated with energy-adjusted fat intake (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and positively correlated with energy-adjusted protein (r = 0.24, p = 0.04) and starch (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) intakes during pregnancy. HDL-C was not significantly correlated with children dietary intake at age 5. There were no significant correlations between maternal or children dietary intake and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. CONCLUSIONS This novel analysis shows that efflux capacity is negatively associated with adiposity in early childhood independent of HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalil
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - C Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - K Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J O'Brien
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Somerville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F McGillicuddy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Ireland; School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are predictive of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. However, the use of medication to raise HDL-C levels has not consistently shown clinical benefit. As a result, studies have shifted toward HDL function, specifically cholesterol efflux, which has been inversely associated with prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis as well as subsequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of current medications and interventions on cholesterol efflux capacity. RECENT FINDINGS Medications for cardiovascular health, including statins, fibrates, niacin, and novel therapeutics, are reviewed for their effect on cholesterol efflux. Differences in population studied and assay used are addressed appropriately. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, are also included in the review. SUMMARY The modification of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) by current medications and interventions has been investigated in both large randomized control trials and smaller observational cohorts. This review serves to compile the results of these studies and evaluate CEC modulation by commonly used medications. Altering CEC could be a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiovascular risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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O'Reilly M, Dillon E, Guo W, Finucane O, McMorrow A, Murphy A, Lyons C, Jones D, Ryan M, Gibney M, Gibney E, Brennan L, de la Llera Moya M, Reilly MP, Roche HM, McGillicuddy FC. High-Density Lipoprotein Proteomic Composition, and not Efflux Capacity, Reflects Differential Modulation of Reverse Cholesterol Transport by Saturated and Monounsaturated Fat Diets. Circulation 2016; 133:1838-50. [PMID: 27081117 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute inflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and reduces high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in vivo. This study hypothesized that obesity-induced inflammation impedes RCT and alters HDL composition, and investigated if dietary replacement of saturated (SFA) for monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids modulates RCT. METHODS AND RESULTS Macrophage-to-feces RCT, HDL efflux capacity, and HDL proteomic profiling was determined in C57BL/6j mice following 24 weeks on SFA- or MUFA-enriched high-fat diets (HFDs) or low-fat diet. The impact of dietary SFA consumption and insulin resistance on HDL efflux function was also assessed in humans. Both HFDs increased plasma (3)H-cholesterol counts during RCT in vivo and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1-independent efflux to plasma ex vivo, effects that were attributable to elevated HDL cholesterol. By contrast, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1-dependent efflux was reduced after both HFDs, an effect that was also observed with insulin resistance and high SFA consumption in humans. SFA-HFD impaired liver-to-feces RCT, increased hepatic inflammation, and reduced ABC subfamily G member 5/8 and ABC subfamily B member 11 transporter expression in comparison with low-fat diet, whereas liver-to-feces RCT was preserved after MUFA-HFD. HDL particles were enriched with acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and hemopexin) and depleted of paraoxonase-1 after SFA-HFD in comparison with MUFA-HFD. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo efflux assays validated increased macrophage-to-plasma RCT in vivo after both HFDs but failed to capture differential modulation of hepatic cholesterol trafficking. By contrast, proteomics revealed the association of hepatic-derived inflammatory proteins on HDL after SFA-HFD in comparison with MUFA-HFD, which reflected differential hepatic cholesterol trafficking between groups. Acute-phase protein levels on HDL may serve as novel biomarkers of impaired liver-to-feces RCT in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella O'Reilly
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Eugene Dillon
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Weili Guo
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Orla Finucane
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Aoibheann McMorrow
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Aoife Murphy
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Claire Lyons
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Daniel Jones
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Miriam Ryan
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Michael Gibney
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Eileen Gibney
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Margarita de la Llera Moya
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Helen M Roche
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- From Nutrigenomics Research Group (M.O., E.D., W.G., O.F., A. McMorrow, A. Murphy, C.L., D.J., H.M.R., F.C.M.), UCD Institute of Food and Health (M.R., M.G., E.G., L.B., H.M.R., F.C.M.), Diabetes Complications Research Centre (F.C.M.), UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (M.d.l.L.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute (M.P.R.) and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (M.P.R.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
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9
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Cedó L, Metso J, Santos D, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Julve J, García-León A, Mora-Brugués J, Jauhiainen M, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. Consumption of polyunsaturated fat improves the saturated fatty acid-mediated impairment of HDL antioxidant potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1987-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Cedó
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; CIBERDEM Madrid; Spain
| | - Jari Metso
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Genomics and Biomarkers Unit; Biomedicum Helsinki Finland
| | - David Santos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; CIBERDEM Madrid; Spain
| | - Jose Luís Sánchez-Quesada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; CIBERDEM Madrid; Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Josefina Mora-Brugués
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Genomics and Biomarkers Unit; Biomedicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; CIBERDEM Madrid; Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; CIBERDEM Madrid; Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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10
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Abstract
A low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, several observations have highlighted the shortcomings of using cholesterol content as the sole reflection of HDL metabolism. In particular, several large randomized controlled trials of extended release niacin and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors on background statin therapy have failed to show improvement in ASCVD outcomes despite significant increases in HDL-C. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the principal HDL function that impacts macrophage foam cell formation and other functions such as endothelial activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, monocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma/serum reflects the first critical step of RCT and is considered a key anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL. Whether this function is operative in humans remains to be seen, but recent studies assessing cholesterol efflux in humans suggest that the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of human plasma or serum is a potent marker of ASCVD risk. This review describes the methodology of measuring CEC ex vivo from human samples and the findings to date linking CEC to human disease. Studies to date confirm that CEC can be reliably measured using stored human blood samples as cholesterol acceptors and suggest that CEC may be a promising new biomarker for atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed to standardize measurements and clarify the role CEC may play in predicting risk of developing disease and response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The main lifestyle interventions to modify serum HDL cholesterol include physical exercise, weight loss with either caloric restriction or specific dietary approaches, and smoking cessation. Moderate alcohol consumption can be permitted in some cases. However, as these interventions exert multiple effects, it is often difficult to discern which is responsible for improvement in HDL outcomes. It is particularly noteworthy that recent data questions the use of HDL cholesterol as a risk factor and therapeutic target since randomised interventions and Mendelian randomisation studies failed to provide evidence for such an approach. Therefore, these current data should be considered when reading and interpreting this review. Further studies are needed to document the effect of lifestyle changes on HDL structure-function and health.
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12
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Afonso MDS, Castilho G, Lavrador MSF, Passarelli M, Nakandakare ER, Lottenberg SA, Lottenberg AM. The impact of dietary fatty acids on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Differential regulation of ABCA1 and macrophage cholesterol efflux by elaidic and oleic acids. Lipids 2013; 48:757-67. [PMID: 23800855 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trans fatty acid consumption is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. This increased risk has been attributed to decreased levels of HDL cholesterol and increased levels of LDL cholesterol. However, the mechanism by which trans fatty acid modulates cholesterol transit remains poorly defined. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux is the rate-limiting step initiating apolipoprotein A-I lipidation. In this study, elaidic acid, the most abundant trans fatty acid in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, was shown to stabilize macrophage ABCA1 protein levels in comparison to that of its cis fatty acid isomer, oleic acid. The mechanism responsible for the disparate effects of oleic and elaidic acid on ABCA1 levels was through accelerated ABCA1 protein degradation in cells treated with oleic acid. In contrast, no apparent differences were observed in ABCA1 mRNA levels, and only minor changes were observed in Liver X receptor/Retinoic X receptor promoter activity in cells treated with elaidic and oleic acid. Efflux of both tracers and cholesterol mass revealed that elaidic acid slightly increased ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, while oleic acid led to decreased ABCA1-mediated efflux. In conclusion, these studies show that cis and trans structural differences in 18 carbon n-9 monoenoic fatty acids variably impact cholesterol efflux through disparate effects on ABCA1 protein degradation.
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14
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Petzinger C, Larner C, Heatley JJ, Bailey CA, MacFarlane RD, Bauer JE. Conversion of α-linolenic acid to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid derivatives and alterations of HDL density subfractions and plasma lipids with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:262-70. [PMID: 23600588 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of α-linolenic acid from a flaxseed (FLX)-enriched diet on plasma lipid and fatty acid metabolism and possible atherosclerosis risk factors was studied in Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus). Twenty-four Monk parrots were randomly assigned to diets containing either 10% ground SUNs or 10% ground FLXs. Feed intake was calculated daily. Blood samples, body condition scores and body weights were obtained at -5 weeks, day 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 70. Plasma samples were analysed for total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triacylglycerols and lipoproteins. Phospholipid subfraction fatty acid profiles were determined. By day 70, the FLX group had significantly higher plasma phospholipid fatty acids including 18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid). The sunflower group had significantly higher plasma phospholipid levels of 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid). By day 70, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) peak shifted resulting in significantly different HDL peak densities between the two experimental groups (1.097 g/ml FLX group and 1.095 g/ml SUN group, p = 0.028). The plasma fatty acid results indicate that Monk parrots can readily convert α-linolenic acid to the long-chain omega-3 derivatives including docosahexaenoic acid and reduce 20:4n-6 accumulation in plasma phospholipids. The reason for a shift in the HDL peak density is unknown at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Petzinger
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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15
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Machado RM, Nakandakare ER, Quintao ECR, Cazita PM, Koike MK, Nunes VS, Ferreira FD, Afonso MS, Bombo RPA, Machado-Lima A, Soriano FG, Catanozi S, Lottenberg AM. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atherosclerosis development in LDLr-KO mice, in spite of displaying a pro-inflammatory profile similar to trans fatty acids. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:66-74. [PMID: 22809447 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis and the inflammatory response were investigated in LDLr-KO mice on three high-fat diets (40% energy as fat) for 16 weeks: trans (TRANS), saturated (SAFA) or ω-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) fats. The following parameters were measured: plasma lipids, aortic root total cholesterol (TC), lesion area (Oil Red-O), ABCA1 content and macrophage infiltration (immunohistochemistry), collagen content (Picrosirius-red) and co-localization of ABCA1 and macrophage (confocal microscopy) besides the plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) and the macrophage inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS). As expected, plasma TC and TG concentrations were lower on the PUFA diet than on TRANS or SAFA diets. Aortic intima macrophage infiltration, ABCA1 content, and lesion area on PUFA group were lower compared to TRANS and SAFA groups. Macrophages and ABCA1 markers did not co-localize in the atherosclerotic plaque, suggesting that different cell types were responsible for the ABCA1 expression in plaques. Compared to PUFA, TRANS and SAFA presented higher collagen content and necrotic cores in atherosclerotic plaques. In the artery wall, TC was lower on PUFA compared to TRANS group; free cholesterol was lower on PUFA compared to TRANS and SAFA; cholesteryl ester concentration did not vary amongst the groups. Plasma TNF-α concentration on PUFA and TRANS-fed mice was higher compared to SAFA. No difference was observed in IL-6 concentration amongst groups. Regarding the macrophage inflammatory response to LPS, TRANS and PUFA presented higher culture medium concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α as compared to SAFA. The PUFA group showed the lowest amount of the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 compared to TRANS and SAFA groups. In conclusion, PUFA intake prevented atherogenesis, even in a pro-inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M Machado
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo, Lipids Laboratory, LIM 10, SP, Brazil
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16
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Lottenberg AM, Afonso MDS, Lavrador MSF, Machado RM, Nakandakare ER. The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1027-40. [PMID: 22749135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a key component in the development of metabolic syndrome, a very frequent condition characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with the severity of obesity; its physiopathology is related to both genetics and food intake habits, especially the consumption of a high-caloric, high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. With the progress of scientific knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics, it was possible to elucidate how the majority of dietary fatty acids influence plasma lipid metabolism and also the genes expression involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis within hepatocytes and adipocytes. The aim of this review is to examine the relevant mechanistic aspects of dietary fatty acids related to blood lipids, adipose tissue metabolism, hepatic fat storage and inflammatory process, all of them closely related to the genesis of metabolic syndrome.
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17
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Escolà-Gil JC, Llaverias G, Julve J, Jauhiainen M, Méndez-González J, Blanco-Vaca F. The Cholesterol Content of Western Diets Plays a Major Role in the Paradoxical Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Upregulates the Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2493-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.236075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
A high–saturated fatty acid– and cholesterol-containing (HFHC) diet is considered to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the effects of this Western-type diet on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from macrophages to feces.
Methods and Results—
Experiments were carried out in mice fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet, an HFHC diet, or an HFHC diet without added cholesterol (high–saturated fatty acid and low-cholesterol [HFLC]). The HFHC diet caused a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and liver cholesterol and enhanced macrophage-derived [
3
H]cholesterol flux to feces by 3- to 4-fold. These effects were greatly reduced in mice fed the HFLC diet. This HFHC diet–mediated induction of RCT was sex independent and was not associated with obesity or insulin resistance. The HFHC diet caused 1.4- and 3-fold increases in [
3
H]cholesterol efflux to plasma and HDL-derived [
3
H]tracer fecal excretion, respectively. Unlike a low-fat, low-cholesterol and HFLC diets, the HFHC diet increased liver ABCG5/G8 expression. The effect of the HFHC diet on fecal macrophage-derived [
3
H]cholesterol excretion was totally blunted in ABCG5/G8-deficient mice.
Conclusion—
Despite its deleterious effects on atherosclerosis, the HFHC diet promoted a sustained compensatory macrophage-to-feces RCT. Our data provide direct evidence of the crucial role of dietary cholesterol signaling through liver ABCG5/G8 upregulation in the HFHC diet–mediated induction of macrophage-specific RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
| | - Gemma Llaverias
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
| | - Josep Julve
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
| | - Jesús Méndez-González
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- From the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., J.M.-G., F.B.V.); Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., G.L., J.J., F.B.V.); National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.-G., F.B.V.)
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18
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Fournier N, Attia N, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Vedie B, Destaillats F, Grynberg A, Paul JL. Deleterious impact of elaidic fatty acid on ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from mouse and human macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:303-12. [PMID: 22074701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) increase cardiovascular risk more than do saturated FA, but the mechanisms explaining their atherogenicity are still unclear. We investigated the impact of membrane incorporation of TFA on cholesterol efflux by exposing J774 mouse macrophages or human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) to media enriched or not (standard medium) with industrially produced elaidic (trans-9 18:1) acid, naturally produced vaccenic (trans-11 18:1) acid (34 h, 70 μM) or palmitic acid. In J774 macrophages, elaidic and palmitic acid, but not vaccenic acid, reduced ABCA1-mediated efflux by ~23% without affecting aqueous diffusion, SR-BI or ABCG1-mediated pathways, and this effect was maintained in cholesterol-loaded cells. The impact of elaidic acid on the ABCA1 pathway was weaker in cholesterol-normal HMDM, but elaidic acid induced a strong reduction of ABCA1-mediated efflux in cholesterol-loaded cells (-36%). In J774 cells, the FA supplies had no impact on cellular free cholesterol or cholesteryl ester masses, the abundance of ABCA1 mRNA or the total and plasma membrane ABCA1 protein content. Conversely, TFA or palmitic acid incorporation induced strong modifications of the membrane FA composition with a decrease in the ratio of (cis-monounsaturated FA+polyunsaturated FA):(saturated FA+TFA), with elaidic and vaccenic acids representing each 20% and 13% of the total FA composition, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated that cellular ATP was required for the effect of elaidic acid, suggesting that it contributes to atherogenesis by impairing ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, likely by decreasing the membrane fluidity, which could thereby reduce ATPase activity and the function of the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fournier
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA 4529, UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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19
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Lottenberg AMP. Importância da gordura alimentar na prevenção e no controle de distúrbios metabólicos e da doença cardiovascular. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 53:595-607. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) reiterou recentemente que o consumo de dietas inadequadas e a inatividade física estão entre os dez principais fatores de mortalidade. Diversos ensaios aleatorizados demonstram que intervenções alimentares adequadas podem diminuir ou prevenir significativamente o aparecimento de várias doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Neste contexto, o papel da dieta vem sendo exaustivamente avaliado em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Assim, já foi bem estabelecido na literatura que a quantidade e o tipo de gordura alimentar exercem influência direta sobre fatores de risco cardiovascular, tais como a concentração de lípides e de lipoproteínas plasmáticas, bem como sua associação a processos inflamatórios. Os ácidos graxos participam de complexos sistemas de sinalização intracelular, função que vem sendo bastante explorada. Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados não somente influenciam a composição das membranas, metabolismo celular e sinais de tradução, mas também modulam a expressão de genes, regulando a atividade e a produção de diversos fatores de transcrição. A proposta deste artigo é rever tópicos relevantes referentes ao metabolismo de lípides e os relacionar a terapias nutricionais que possam contribuir para a prevenção e o tratamento de doenças associadas.
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