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Karonova TL, Mikhaylova AA, Golovatyuk KA, Chernikova AT, Korobova ZR, Liubimova NE, Starshinova AA, Kudlay DA, Totolian AA, Shlyakhto EV. Vitamin D Metabolism Parameters and Cytokine Profile in COVID-19 Patients with Bolus Cholecalciferol Supplementation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1408. [PMID: 39001298 PMCID: PMC11240998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, infection severity and mortality from COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the vitamin D metabolites and cytokine expression levels of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized with bolus cholecalciferol supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study represents the next stage of the open-label randomized pilot conducted by the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. A total of 44 hospitalized patients, comparable in demographic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental baseline characteristics, with moderate/severe COVID-19 were included. All patients had similar doses of concomitant corticosteroid therapy. Twenty-two patients received 50,000 IU cholecalciferol on the first and eighth days of hospitalization. The serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and 28 plasma cytokines were estimated for each group initially and on the ninth day of hospitalization. RESULTS Initially, there were no differences in the 1,25(OH)2D and cytokine levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency and normal 25(OH)D. Bolus cholecalciferol therapy at a total dose of 100,000 IU led to an increase in 25(OH)D levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, while the levels of the active metabolite (1,25(OH)2D) did not show significant differences between the groups or in its increased level over time, regardless of cholecalciferol supplementation. Furthermore, cholecalciferol supplementation at a total dose of 100,000 IU did not affect the majority of the cytokines estimated on the ninth day of hospitalization, except for the pro-inflammatory marker IL-1b, the concentration of which was lower in the group of patients without vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The 25(OH)D level was positively associated with an anti-inflammatory immune response, but cholecalciferol supplementation at a total dose of 100,000 IU did not affect the active-form vitamin D or cytokine expression levels. This fact may be explained by the impact of corticosteroid therapy, and it requires further investigation in a post-COVID-19 context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L. Karonova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Arina A. Mikhaylova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Golovatyuk
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Alena T. Chernikova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Zoia R. Korobova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.E.L.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Natalia E. Liubimova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.E.L.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Anna A. Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Institute of Immunology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.E.L.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Evgeny V. Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2, Akkuratov Str., St. Petersburg 197341, Russia; (T.L.K.); (A.A.M.); (K.A.G.); (A.T.C.); (E.V.S.)
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Yang Y, Sun W, Yang F, Zhang G, Li X, Sun S, Xing Y. Therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 aggravation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367686. [PMID: 38860175 PMCID: PMC11163116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aggravation remain controversial and inconclusive. To probe into this contentious issue, we performed the present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Literature published up to June 2023 was retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. RCTs assessing mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), length of hospitalization (LOH), and inflammatory markers containing C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were included. 19 RCTs were involved in the analysis and were conducted subgroup analyses on the baseline COVID-19 severity and vitamin D administration. Results In the severity subgroup, statistically significant effects in moderate to severe group were observed in ICU admission (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23, 0.80; p = 0.008), MV (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27, 0.72; p = 0.001) and LOH (SMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.92, -0.06; p = 0.027). In the administration subgroup, effects of ICU admission (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16, 0.97; p = 0.044), MV (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07, 0.46; p = 0.000) and LOH (SMD -0.50, 95% CI -0.96, -0.04; p = 0.034) were more pronounced in patients supplied with multiple-dose vitamin D than single-dose. Although the result of mortality showed no statistically significant effect, it indicated a reduced trend (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63, 1.12; p > 0.05). The results of inflammatory markers reached no statistical differences. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that moderate to severe COVID-19 patients supplied with multiple doses of vitamin D were less apt to need ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and have shorter hospital stays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shipeng Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sinopoli A, Sciurti A, Isonne C, Santoro MM, Baccolini V. The Efficacy of Multivitamin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D Supplements in the Prevention and Management of COVID-19 and Long-COVID: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:1345. [PMID: 38732592 PMCID: PMC11085542 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of any vitamin administration(s) in preventing and managing COVID-19 and/or long-COVID. Databases were searched up to May 2023 to identify randomized clinical trials comparing data on the effects of vitamin supplementation(s) versus placebo or standard of care on the two conditions of interest. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality between supplemented and non-supplemented individuals. Overall, 37 articles were included: two regarded COVID-19 and long-COVID prevention and 35 records the COVID-19 management. The effects of vitamin D in preventing COVID-19 and long-COVID were contrasting. Similarly, no conclusion could be drawn on the efficacy of multivitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin B in COVID-19 management. A few positive findings were reported in some vitamin C trials but results were inconsistent in most outcomes, excluding all-cause mortality (RR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.97). Vitamin D results were mixed in most aspects, including mortality, in which benefits were observed in regular administrations only (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.91). Despite some benefits, results were mostly contradictory. Variety in recruitment and treatment protocols might explain this heterogeneity. Better-designed studies are needed to clarify these vitamins' potential effects against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mercedes Santoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Rizzi M, Avellis V, Messina A, Germano C, Tavella E, Dodaro V, Vitale R, Revelli A, Zola P, Picone S, Paolillo PM, Mondì V, Masturzo B, Manzoni P, Sainaghi PP. Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3712. [PMID: 38612523 PMCID: PMC11011671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). This narrative review offers a resume of the state of the art about vitamin D's role in immunity and its clinical use in the context of the current pandemic, specially focusing on pediatric manifestations and MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating vitamin D levels could be beneficial. To help clinicians in establishing the correct prophylaxis and/or supportive therapy with vitamin D, well-designed and adequately statistically powered clinical trials involving both adult and pediatric populations are needed. Moreover, this review will also discuss the few other nutraceuticals evaluated in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Avellis
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alessandro Messina
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Chiara Germano
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Elena Tavella
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Valentina Dodaro
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Paolo Zola
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Michele Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Mondì
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
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Pavlidou E, Poulios E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Dakanalis A, Giaginis C. Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38390861 PMCID: PMC10885051 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, and minerals to the body to improve human health and boost the immune system. In the previous few years, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening the health of individuals and public health more broadly, with rates of intensive care unit cases on the rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. In the peculiar circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, in combination with disease prevention techniques, the strengthening of the immune system is considered particularly important to enable it to effectively respond to and eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen in the event of infection. The purpose of the current literature review is to thoroughly summarize and critically analyze the current clinical data concerning the potential beneficial effects of diet and dietary supplements against COVID-19 infection risk and symptoms' severity. The micronutrients/supplements examined in this study in relation to COVID-19 infection are vitamins A, B, C, and D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, and probiotics. The potential effects of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and symptoms' severity were also analyzed. Our literature review suggests that micro- and macronutrient supplementation and a healthy diet and lifestyle may provide support to immune system function, with beneficial effects both before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, additional studies are recommended to draw safe conclusions and formulate dietary recommendations concerning dietary supplements and their possible effects on preventing and co-treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.)
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Cappellucci G, Baini G, Miraldi E, Pauletto L, De Togni H, Raso F, Biagi M. Investigation on the Efficacy of Two Food Supplements Containing a Fixed Combination of Selected Probiotics and β-Glucans or Elderberry Extract for the Immune System: Modulation on Cytokines Expression in Human THP-1 and PBMC. Foods 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38338593 PMCID: PMC10855234 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several herbal and other natural products are used as ingredients in food supplements to strengthen immunity even if, very often, marketed products are proposed without a clear rationale or experimental evidence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on human monocytes (THP-1) and on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of two formulations, one containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04® with β-glucans (for adults) and one containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 with elderberry extract (for children). We compared formulations with single ingredients, with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the drug pidotimod; cytokines expression level was evaluated testing different concentrations of samples at two exposure times. As expected, LPS caused a non-specific huge upregulation of cytokines expression both in THP-1 and in PBMC, whereas pidotimod mainly upregulated IL-2 in PBMC and IL-8 in THP-1. The two formulations showed a difference between a pro-inflammatory stimulus such as LPS, and also from an immunostimulant drug, such as pidotimod, as they mainly upregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMC but not in THP-1, in a concentration-dependent mode. Probiotics were shown to play a major role, but β-glucans and elderberry extract exerted a synergistic activity. This work demonstrated that combining selected probiotics with other natural products having immunomodulatory properties is an interesting strategy to develop innovative formulations in the sector of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cappellucci
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Lara Pauletto
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Heide De Togni
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Floriana Raso
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Johnson CR, Thacher TD. Vitamin D: immune function, inflammation, infections and auto-immunity. Paediatr Int Child Health 2023; 43:29-39. [PMID: 36857810 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2023.2171759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an active role beyond mineral metabolism and skeletal health, including regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent, and observational studies link low vitamin D status to a risk of infections and auto-immune disorders. Reports indicate an inverse relationship between vitamin D status and such conditions. This review details vitamin D signalling interactions with the immune system and provides experimental and clinical evidence evaluating vitamin D status, vitamin D supplementation and host susceptibility to infections, inflammation and auto-immunity. The published literature including related reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies and basic science reports have been synthesised. Meta-analyses of observational studies have demonstrated a link between low vitamin D status and risk of acute respiratory infections, COVID-19 disorders, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus and other auto-immune disorders. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may protect against several infectious and auto-immune conditions. Meta-analyses of RCTs had mixed results, demonstrating a small protective role for vitamin D supplementation against acute respiratory infections, especially in those with vitamin D deficiency and children, and providing modest benefits for the management of T1DM and IBD. Vitamin D status is inversely associated with the incidence of several infectious and auto-immune conditions. Supplementation is recommended for those with vitamin D deficiency or at high risk of deficiency, and it might provide additional benefit in acute respiratory infections and certain auto-immune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Johnson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
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Partap U, Sharma KK, Marathe Y, Wang M, Shaikh S, D’Costa P, Gupta G, Bromage S, Hemler EC, Mistry N, Kain KC, Dholakia Y, Fawzi WW. Vitamin D and Zinc Supplementation to Improve Treatment Outcomes among COVID-19 Patients in India: Results from a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:101971. [PMID: 37560461 PMCID: PMC10407567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains a need to identify low-cost interventions to improve coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Vitamin D and zinc play a role in respiratory infections and could hold value as part of therapeutic regimens. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of vitamin D or zinc supplementation on recovery from COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomly assigned 2 x 2 factorial placebo-controlled trial with 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio, enrolling nonpregnant adults with COVID-19 from hospitals in Mumbai and Pune, India (NCT04641195). Participants (N = 181) were randomly assigned to vitamin D3 (180,000 IU bolus, then 2000 IU daily), zinc (40 mg daily), vitamin D3 and zinc, or placebo, for 8 wk. Participants were followed until 8 wk. The primary outcome was time to resolution of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Secondary outcomes were duration of individual symptoms; need for assisted ventilation; duration of hospital stay; all-cause mortality; and blood biomarkers, including nutritional, inflammatory, and immunological markers. RESULTS We observed no effect of vitamin D or zinc supplementation on time to resolution of all 3 symptoms [vitamin D hazard ratio (HR): 0.92; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.66, 1.30; P = 0.650; zinc HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.33; P = 0.745)]. Neither vitamin D nor zinc supplementation was associated with secondary outcomes, except for increased endline serum vitamin D with vitamin D supplementation [median (interquartile range) difference between endline and baseline for vitamin D: 5.3 ng/mL (-2.3 to 13.7); for no vitamin D: -1.4 ng/mL (-5.6 to 3.9); P = 0.003]. We observed nonsignificant increases in serum zinc at endline following zinc supplementation. There was no evidence of interaction between vitamin D and zinc supplementation, no effect of either on hypercalcemia, and no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that neither vitamin D nor zinc supplementation improves COVID-19 treatment outcomes in this population. However, much larger-scale evidence, particularly from populations with vitamin D or zinc deficiency and severe infection, is required to corroborate our findings. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and the Clinical Trials Registry of India as NCT04641195 and CTRI/2021/04/032593 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Partap
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sanaa Shaikh
- The Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradeep D’Costa
- King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | | | - Sabri Bromage
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena C. Hemler
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kevin C. Kain
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Santos HO, Martins CEE, Forbes SC, Delpino FM. A Scoping Review of Vitamin D for Nonskeletal Health: A Framework for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. Clin Ther 2023:S0149-2918(23)00127-3. [PMID: 37080887 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are prevalent worldwide. Although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation have focused on skeletal disorders (eg, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis), emerging evidence for nonskeletal health merits further discussion. PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to critically examine the vitamin D supplementation literature pertaining to nonskeletal health to help guide clinicians. METHODS A scoping review that included observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. Evidence from meta-analyses and individual RCTs are discussed, and controversies and future directions are considered. FINDINGS 25(OH)D deficiency is a ubiquitous condition associated with multiple nonskeletal diseases, including cardiometabolic (heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease), immune (HIV/AIDS and cancer), lung (from traditional chronic disorders to coronavirus disease 2019), and gut diseases. Vitamin D deficiency also affects health across the life span (children, pregnant, and elderly), mental illness, and reproduction in both men and women. In contrast, vitamin D supplementation does not necessarily improve major medical outcomes, even when low 25(OH)D levels are treated. Screening for 25(OH)D status remains an important practice, primarily for high-risk patients (eg, elderly, women with osteoporosis, people with low exposure to sunlight). It is reasonable to supplement with vitamin D to treat 25(OH)D deficiency, such that if beneficial nonskeletal health occurs, this may be considered as a coadjutant instead of the central tenet of the disease. Furthermore, optimizing dosing regimens is an important clinical consideration. IMPLICATIONS Although 25(OH)D deficiency is prevalent in nonskeletal diseases, there is no uniform evidence that vitamin D supplementation improves major medical outcomes, even when low 25(OH)D levels are corrected. Findings from RCTs warrant caution due to possible selection bias. Overall, vitamin D supplementation must be guided by circulating levels as a reasonable medical practice to correct 25(OH)D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Felipe M Delpino
- Postgraduate in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Pham H, Waterhouse M, Baxter C, Romero BD, McLeod DS, Armstrong BK, Ebeling PR, English DR, Hartel G, O'Connell RL, van der Pols JC, Venn AJ, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Neale RE. Vitamin D supplementation and hospitalization for infection in older adults: A post-hoc analysis of data from the Australian D-Health Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:350-356. [PMID: 36811576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that vitamin D influences the immune system. Recent studies indicate that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the severity of infections, but this has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on hospitalization for infection. METHODS The D-Health Trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of monthly 60,000 international units of vitamin D3 for 5 y among 21,315 Australians aged 60-84 y. Hospitalization for infection, ascertained through linkage with hospital admitted patient data, is a tertiary outcome of the trial. The primary outcome for this post-hoc analysis was hospitalization for any infection. Secondary outcomes were extended hospitalization for infection (length of stay >3 d and >6 d) and hospitalization for respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal infections. We used negative binomial regression to estimate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on outcomes. RESULTS Participants (46% women, mean age: 69 y), were followed up for a median of 5 y. Vitamin D supplementation had little or no effect on the incidence of hospitalization for any infection [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.95; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.05], respiratory tract (IRR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.08), skin (IRR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.20), gastrointestinal infections (IRR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.26), or hospitalizations lasting >3 d (IRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.09), with all CIs consistent with a null finding. People supplemented with vitamin D had fewer hospitalizations lasting >6 d (IRR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS We did not find a protective effect of vitamin D on hospitalization for infection, but it reduced the number of extended hospitalizations. In populations where few people are vitamin D deficient, the effect of population-wide supplementation is likely to be small, but these findings support previous studies suggesting that vitamin D plays a role in infectious disease. The D-Health Trial is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12613000743763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Pham
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary Waterhouse
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Baxter
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Briony Duarte Romero
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald Sa McLeod
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel L O'Connell
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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11
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Zaazouee MS, Eleisawy M, Abdalalaziz AM, Elhady MM, Ali OA, Abdelbari TM, Hasan SM, Almadhoon HW, Ahmed AY, Fassad AS, Elgendy R, Abdel-Baset EA, Elsayed HA, Elsnhory AB, Abdraboh AB, Faragalla HM, Elshanbary AA, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM. Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:607-620. [PMID: 36508011 PMCID: PMC9743115 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide-ranging spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic/mild to severe. Recent research indicates that, among several factors, a low vitamin D level is a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19.Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and clinicaltrials.gov were searched until July 2022, using relevant keywords/Mesh terms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed the topic were included. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the studies' risk of bias, and the data were analyzed using the review manager (RevMan 5.4).We included nine RCTs with 1586 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D group showed a significant reduction of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (risk ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.41, 0.84], P = 0.003), and higher change in vitamin D level (standardized mean difference = 2.27, 95% CI [2.08, 2.47], P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Other studied hospital and laboratory outcomes showed non-significant difference between vitamin D and the control group (P ≥ 0.05).In conclusion, vitamin D reduced the risk of ICU admission and showed superiority in changing vitamin D level compared to the control group. However, other outcomes showed no difference between the two groups. More RCTs are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Eleisawy
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amira M. Abdalalaziz
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elhady
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Omar Adel Ali
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sara Mohamed Hasan
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Faculty of Medicine, Al‐Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hossam Waleed Almadhoon
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alaa Yehia Ahmed
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Shaban Fassad
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rewan Elgendy
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Hamis A. Elsayed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Bahaaeldin Abdraboh
- grid.440876.90000 0004 0377 3957Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Ahmed Elshanbary
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.33003.330000 0000 9889 5690Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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12
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Nutritional recommendations for asymptomatic patients with novel coronavirus. Asian J Surg 2022; 46:2235-2236. [PMID: 36517399 PMCID: PMC9722671 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Cutuli SL, Cascarano L, Tanzarella ES, Lombardi G, Carelli S, Pintaudi G, Grieco DL, De Pascale G, Antonelli M. Vitamin D Status and Potential Therapeutic Options in Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2719. [PMID: 36359561 PMCID: PMC9689785 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D covers roles of paramount importance in the regulation of multiple physiological pathways of the organism. The metabolism of vitamin D involves kidney-liver crosstalk and requires an adequate function of these organs, where vitamin D is progressively turned into active forms. Vitamin D deficiency has been widely reported in patients living in the community, being prevalent among the most vulnerable subjects. It has been also documented in many critically ill patients upon admission to the intensive care unit. In this context, vitamin D deficiency may represent a risk factor for the development of life-threatening clinical conditions (e.g., infection and sepsis) and worse clinical outcomes. Several researchers have investigated the impact of vitamin D supplementation showing its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness, although conflicting results have put into question its real benefit in critically ill patients. The existing studies included heterogeneous critically ill populations and used slightly different protocols of vitamin D supplementation. For these reasons, pooling up the results is difficult and not conclusive. In this narrative review, we described vitamin D physiology and the pathophysiology of vitamin D depletion with a specific focus on critically ill patients with liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore L. Cutuli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cascarano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eloisa S. Tanzarella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Lombardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pintaudi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico L. Grieco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Pascale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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14
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Estrada-Luna D, Carreón-Torres E, González-Reyes S, Martínez-Salazar MF, Ortiz-Rodríguez MA, Ramírez-Moreno E, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Osorio AS. Nutraceuticals for Complementary Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Perspective from Their Use in COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101652. [PMID: 36295088 PMCID: PMC9605437 DOI: 10.3390/life12101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been widely reported in some children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs of MIS-C are manifested at 2 to 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, where elevated biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction are the hallmark of this syndrome when infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed. However, after two years of acknowledgment, MIS-C treatment is still under research to reach safety and effectiveness in the acute phase in children. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the potential use of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce collateral damage caused by hyperinflammation in MIS-C pathology for new research in treatment and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Susana González-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Martínez-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Iztaccíhuatl 100 Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-771-717-2000 (ext. 4323)
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15
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The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012424. [PMID: 36293279 PMCID: PMC9604062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has an immune-modulating effect on respiratory tract infections. For this reason, it has been proposed as part of the treatment in COVID-19. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with worse clinical outcomes of this disease. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether vitamin D supplementation modifies the disease course. Therefore, eleven studies involving randomised clinical trials are analysed, in which groups of COVID-19 patients with or without vitamin D supplementation as part of the treatment are compared. A control group was treated with best available therapy, and in some of the clinical trials, also with a placebo. According to the outcomes, it seems that patients benefit from receiving a daily or maintained in time vitamin D dose regardless of vitamin D serum levels at the beginning of the trial. The administration of a single vitamin D dose does not seem to have any effect on the health status of these patients. However, the outcomes are heterogeneous and larger clinical trials are necessary.
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Ezzati A, Rosenkranz SK, Horne BD. Importance of Intermittent Fasting Regimens and Selection of Adequate Therapy on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204299. [PMID: 36296982 PMCID: PMC9607422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The unpredictable nature of new variants of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-highly transmissible and some with vaccine-resistance, have led to an increased need for feasible lifestyle modifications as complementary therapies. Systemic inflammation is the common hallmark of communicable diseases like severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and cancers, all for which mitigation of severe outcomes is of paramount importance. Dietary quality is associated with NCDs, and intermittent fasting (IF) has been suggested as an effective approach for treatment and prevention of some NCDs, similar to that of caloric restriction. There is a paucity of high-quality data from randomized controlled trials regarding the impact of IF and the intake of specific nutrients on inflammation and post-infection outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current review of recent literature was performed to explore the immunomodulatory roles of IF regimens and supplements involving the intake of specific nutrients including vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), zinc, and nutraceuticals (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, quercetin, and probiotics) on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, with consideration of how they may be related to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-801-507-4708; Fax: +1-801-507-4792
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Luo X, Deng Y, He W. Visual analysis of the research trend and status on the association between vitamin D and immunity: From 2012 to 2021. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1000400. [PMID: 36211484 PMCID: PMC9533358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted this study to visualize hot spots and trends in the correlation between vitamin D and immunity over the past decade with bibliometric analysis. Methods We collected relevant articles in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2012 to 2021 as the data source, and then used CiteSpace software to perform the data analysis. Some graphics were done with Graphpad software. Results A total of 1,656 articles were retrieved, with an average citation count of 25.2 times. The United States (439 articles, 26.51%) has the top number of published articles, followed by China (164 articles, 9.90%), England (135 articles, 8.15%), Italy (114 articles, 6.88%), and India (82 articles, 4.95%). The most literature is found in areas of Immunology (337 articles, 20.35%) and Biochemistry Molecular Biology (179 articles, 10.81%). In terms of institutions, the top five institutions with the highest number of publications all belong to Europe. Among them, the League of European Research Universities (LERU) (121, 7.31%) has a greater proportion of output articles. The United States Department of Health Human Services (225, 13.59%) and National Institutes of Health United States (223, 13.47%) funded most articles. The leading five authors with the largest number of publications were Hewison M (19, 1.15%), Bergman P (14, 0.85%), Agerberth B (13, 0.76%), Carlberg C (12, 0.73%), and White JH (12, 0.73%). The top five keywords with the highest co-occurrence frequency are “vitamin d” (367), “d deficiency” (217), “expression” (195), “association” (151), and “d receptor” (132). Among the 17 keyword clusters, the largest cluster is #0 “diet.” Despite cluster #13 “covid-19,” most of the clusters were conducted the studies before 2012. Conclusion The overall development of research in this field is promising. Western developed countries made outstanding contributions in this area and still take the leading role. But the participation of developing and low-income countries is also impressive. The potential therapeutic effects of vitamin D in immune-related diseases have been noted, especially in multiple sclerosis, COVID-19, etc. This is also the focus and frontier of current research. However, there is still no consensus conclusion in this field. Further research is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfang He,
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Fernandes AL, Sales LP, Santos MD, Caparbo VF, Murai IH, Pereira RMR. Persistent or new symptoms 1 year after a single high dose of vitamin D3 in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979667. [PMID: 36176639 PMCID: PMC9513442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the reported persistent or new symptoms 1 year after a single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 and hospitalization in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods This is a post-hoc, exploratory analysis from a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial from two hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04449718. Discharged patients were followed for up to 1 year and evaluated by telephone interviews at 6 and 12 months. The primary and secondary outcomes were previously published. These post-hoc exploratory secondary outcomes are the persistent or new symptoms and quality of life (QoL) at the post-viral stage of COVID-19. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measures with Bonferroni’s adjustment were used for testing outcomes. Results Between 2 June and 27 August 2020, we randomized 240 patients of which 144 were included in this study [the vitamin D3 (n = 71) or placebo (n = 73) group]. The mean (SD) age was 54.3 (13.1) years, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.4 (6.5) kg/m2. Fever demonstrated a significant main effect of time (P < 0.001) with a reduction from baseline to 6 (52–0) and 12 months (52–0). No significant differences between groups were observed for fever, cough, fatigue, fever, myalgia, joint pain, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatic disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary, chronic kidney disease, QoL, and new or persistent symptoms up to 1-year of follow-up. Conclusion The findings do not support the use of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 compared to placebo for the management of persistence or new symptoms, and QoL reported by moderate to severe patients after hospitalization for COVID-19.
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Li B, Yang S, Hou N. Could vitamin D supplementation play a role against COVID-19? Front Immunol 2022; 13:967215. [PMID: 36172345 PMCID: PMC9511139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Graduate Department, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Hou,
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Chiang WF, Hsiao PJ, Chan JS. Vitamin D for Recovery of COVID-19 in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:930176. [PMID: 35782942 PMCID: PMC9240470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.930176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined not only by viral damage to cells but also by the immune reaction in the host. In addition to therapeutic interventions that target the viral infection, immunoregulation may be helpful in the management of COVID-19. Vitamin D exerts effects on both innate and adaptive immunity and subsequently modulates immune responses to bacteria and viruses. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently have vitamin D deficiency and increased susceptibility to infection, suggesting a potential role of vitamin D in this vulnerable population. In this paper, we review the alterations of the immune system, the risk of COVID-19 infections and mechanisms of vitamin D action in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in CKD patients. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can affect the outcomes of COVID-19. Supplementing vitamin D during treatment may be protective against COVID-19. Future studies, including randomized control trials, are warranted to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the recovery from COVID-19 in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Shyong Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jenq-Shyong Chan
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21
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Fernandes AL, Reis BZ, Murai IH, Pereira RMR. Prognostic Nutritional Index and Oxygen Therapy Requirement Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Analyses. Front Nutr 2022; 9:802562. [PMID: 35479742 PMCID: PMC9037140 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.802562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is related to the oxygen therapy requirement at hospital admission and to ascertain the prognostic effect of the PNI and the oxygen therapy requirement as predictors of hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This is a post-hoc analysis in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The participants were categorized: (1) non-oxygen therapy (moderate COVID-19 not requiring oxygen therapy); (2) nasal cannula therapy (severe COVID-19 requiring nasal cannula oxygen therapy); and (3) high-flow therapy (severe COVID-19 requiring high-flow oxygen therapy). PNI was calculated for each patient according to the following equation: serum albumin [g/dL] × 10 + total lymphocyte count [per mm3] × 0.005. The participants were categorized into malnutrition (PNI <40), mild malnutrition (PNI 40-45), and non-malnutrition (PNI > 45). Results According to PNI, malnutrition was more prevalent in the high-flow therapy group (94.9%; P < 0.001) with significantly lower PNI compared to both groups even after adjusting for the center and C-reactive protein. Patients in the high-flow therapy group [9 days (95% CI 7.2, 10.7), P < 0.001] and malnutrition status [7 days (95% CI 6.6, 7.4), P = 0.016] showed a significant longer hospital length of stay compared to their counterparts. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard models showed significant associations between both oxygen therapy requirement and PNI categories and hospital discharge. Conclusion In addition to oxygen therapy requirement, low PNI was associated with longer hospital length of stay. Our findings suggest that PNI could be useful in the assessment of nutritional status related to the prognosis of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Fernandes
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Z Reis
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Igor H Murai
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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