1
|
Ye D, Fairchild TJ, Vo L, Drummond PD. High Blood Glucose and Excess Body fat Enhance Pain Sensitivity and Weaken Pain Inhibition in Healthy Adults: A Single-blind Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:128-144. [PMID: 36122810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate links between blood glucose, body fat mass and pain, the effects of acute hyperglycaemia on pain sensitivity and pain inhibition were examined in healthy adults with normal (n = 24) or excess body fat (n = 20) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Effects of hyperglycaemia on heart rate variability and reactive hyperaemia were also explored. For the overall sample, ingesting 75-g glucose enhanced pain sensitivity during 1-minute cold-water immersion of both feet (conditioning stimulus) and weakened the pain inhibitory effect of cold water on pressure pain thresholds (test stimulus). Exploratory subgroup analyses not adjusted for multiple comparisons suggested that this effect was limited to people with excess fat mass. In addition, acute hyperglycaemia suppressed resting heart rate variability only in people with excess fat mass. Furthermore, regardless of blood glucose levels, people with excess fat mass had weaker pain inhibition for pinprick after cold water and reported more pain during 5-minutes of static blood flow occlusion. Neither high blood glucose nor excess body fat affected pinprick-temporal summation of pain or reactive hyperaemia. Together, these findings suggest that hyperglycaemia and excess fat mass interfere with pain processing and autonomic function. PERSPECTIVE: Ingesting 75-g glucose (equivalent to approximately 2 standard cans of soft drink) interfered with pain-processing and autonomic function, particularly in people with excess body fat mass. As both hyperglycaemia and overweight are risk factors for diabetes, whether these are sources of pain in people with diabetes should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Discipline of Psychology and Healthy Ageing Research Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Fairchild
- Discipline of Exercise Science and Healthy Ageing Research Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lechi Vo
- Discipline of Psychology and Healthy Ageing Research Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology and Healthy Ageing Research Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reed EL, Worley ML, Kueck PJ, Pietrafasa LD, Schlader ZJ, Johnson BD. Cerebral vascular function following the acute consumption of caffeinated artificially- and sugar sweetened soft drinks in healthy adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1063273. [PMID: 36618993 PMCID: PMC9815463 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1063273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic consumption of sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverages (SSB and ASB) are associated with an increased risk of stroke but it is unclear how acute consumption influences cerebral vascular function. Purpose: We hypothesized that: (1) acute consumption of SSB and ASB would augment dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and attenuate cerebral vascular reactivity to hypercapnia (CVRCO2) compared to water; and (2) dCA and CVRCO2 would be attenuated with SSB compared to ASB and water. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (age: 23 ± 2 years, four females) completed three randomized trials where they drank 500 ml of water, SSB (Mountain Dew®), or ASB (Diet Mountain Dew®). We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocities (MCAv and PCAv), and end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2). Cerebral vascular conductance was calculated as cerebral artery blood velocity/MAP (MCAc and PCAc). Twenty min after consumption, participants completed a 5 min baseline, and in a counterbalanced order, a CVRCO2 test (3%, 5%, and 7% CO2 in 3 min stages) and a dCA test (squat-stand tests at 0.10 Hz and 0.05 Hz for 5 min each) separated by 10 min. CVRCO2 was calculated as the slope of the linear regression lines of MCAv and PCAv vs. PETCO2. dCA was assessed in the MCA using transfer function analysis. Coherence, gain, and phase were determined in the low frequency (LF; 0.07-0.2 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF; 0.02-0.07 Hz). Results: MCAv and MCAc were lower after SSB (54.11 ± 12.28 cm/s, 0.58 ± 0.15 cm/s/mmHg) and ASB (51.07 ± 9.35 cm/s, 0.52 ± 1.0 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (62.73 ± 12.96 cm/s, 0.67 ± 0.11 cm/s/mmHg; all P < 0.035), respectively. PCAc was also lower with the ASB compared to water (P = 0.007). MCA CVRCO2 was lower following ASB (1.55 ± 0.38 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (2.00 ± 0.57 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.011) but not after SSB (1.90 ± 0.67 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.593). PCA CVRCO2 did not differ between beverages (P > 0.853). There were no differences between beverages for coherence (P ≥ 0.295), gain (P ≥ 0.058), or phase (P ≥ 0.084) for either frequency. Discussion: Acute consumption of caffeinated SSB and ASB resulted in lower intracranial artery blood velocity and conductance but had a minimal effect on cerebral vascular function as only MCA CVRCO2 was altered with the ASB compared to water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Reed
- Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Morgan L. Worley
- Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Paul J. Kueck
- Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Leonard D. Pietrafasa
- Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Zachary J. Schlader
- H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Blair D. Johnson
- Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Blair D. Johnson
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sakaki JR, Gao S, Ha K, Chavarro JE, Chen MH, Sun Q, Hart JE, Chun OK. Childhood beverage intake and risk of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in young adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:954-964. [PMID: 35761780 PMCID: PMC9951226 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological analysis assessing beverage consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease was conducted. Participants were 9-16 years old at enrolment, completed food frequency questionnaires in 1996-2001 and self-reported outcomes in 2010-2014. Exclusion criteria included missing data on relevant variables and covariates, prevalent disease before 2005, and implausible/extreme weight or energy intake. Intakes of orange juice, apple/other fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages and diet soda were related to the risk of incident hypertension or hyperlipidaemia using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for diet, energy intake, age, smoking, physical activity and body mass index. There were 9,043 participants with 618 cases of hypertension and 850 of hyperlipidaemia in 17 years of mean follow-up. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake but not fruit juice nor diet soda was associated with hypertension (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.16 (1.03, 1.31)) in males. This study can guide beverage consumption as it relates to early predictors of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Simiao Gao
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Rd., U-4120, Storrs, CT, 06269
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Rd., U-4120, Storrs, CT, 06269
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 3rd Fl West, Boston, MA 02215.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Risdon S, Battault S, Romo-Romo A, Roustit M, Briand L, Meyer G, Almeda-Valdes P, Walther G. Sucralose and Cardiometabolic Health: Current Understanding from Receptors to Clinical Investigations. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1500-1513. [PMID: 33578411 PMCID: PMC8321845 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The excess consumption of added sugar is consistently found to be associated with weight gain, and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke. In an effort to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease, sugar is frequently replaced by low- and null-calorie sweeteners (LCSs). Alarmingly, though, emerging evidence indicates that the consumption of LCSs is associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality risk that is amplified in those who are overweight or obese. Sucralose, a null-caloric high-intensity sweetener, is the most commonly used LCS worldwide, which is regularly consumed by healthy individuals and patients with metabolic disease. To explore a potential causal role for sucralose in increased cardiovascular risk, this present review summarizes the preclinical and clinical data from current research detailing the effects of sucralose on systems controlling food intake, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alonso Romo-Romo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, Grenoble, France,Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Inserm CIC1406, Grenoble, France
| | - Loic Briand
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | | | - Paloma Almeda-Valdes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Lu C, Zhang L, Wan H, Jiang E, Chen Y, Dong H. Nutrient-induced hyperosmosis evokes vasorelaxation via TRPV1 channel-mediated, endothelium-dependent, hyperpolarisation in healthy and colitis mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:689-708. [PMID: 33169358 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In humans, blood flow in the mesenteric circulation is greatly increased after meals, but the mechanisms underlying postprandial mesenteric vasorelaxation induced by nutrients and whether this process is involved in the pathogenesis of colitis, are not well understood. Here we have studied the direct actions of nutrients on mesenteric arterial tone and the underlying molecular mechanisms in healthy and colitis mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Colitis in C57BL/6 mice was induced with dextran sodium sulphate. Nutrient-induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arterioles from humans and mice was studied with wire myograph assays. Ca2+ and Na+ imaging were performed in human vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, using selective pharmacological agents and shRNA knockdown of TRPV1 channels. KEY RESULTS Glucose, sodium and mannitol concentration-dependently induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of human and mouse mesenteric arterioles via hyperosmotic action,. Hyperosmosis-induced vasorelaxation was almost abolished by selective blockers for TRPV1, IKCa and SKCa channels. Glucose markedly stimulated Ca2+ influx through endothelial TRPV1 channels, an effect attenuated by selective blockers and shRNA knockdown of TRPV1 channels. Capsaicin synergised the glucose-induced vasorelaxation. Nutrient-induced hyperosmosis also activated Na+ /K+ -ATPase and the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) to decrease [Ca2+ ]i in VSMCs. Glucose-induced vasorelaxation was impaired in mouse colitis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Nutrient-induced hyperosmosis evoked endothelium-dependent mesenteric vasorelaxation via the TRPV1/Ca2+ / endothelium-dependent hyperpolarisation pathway to increase normal mucosal perfusion, which is impaired in our model of colitis. The TRPV1/Ca2+ / endothelium-dependent hyperpolarisation pathway could provide novel drug targets for gastrointestinal diseases with hypoperfusion, such as chronic colitis and mesenteric ischaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enlai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pham H, Holen IS, Phillips LK, Hatzinikolas S, Huynh LQ, Wu T, Hausken T, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Jones KL. The Effects of a Whey Protein and Guar Gum-Containing Preload on Gastric Emptying, Glycaemia, Small Intestinal Absorption and Blood Pressure in Healthy Older Subjects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112666. [PMID: 31694157 PMCID: PMC6893806 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A whey protein/guar gum preload reduces postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes through slowing gastric emptying. However, gastric emptying has previously been assessed using a stable isotope breath test technique, which cannot discriminate between slowing of gastric emptying and small intestinal absorption. This preload also may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension. We evaluated the effects of a whey protein/guar preload on gastric emptying, glucose absorption, glycaemic/insulinaemic and blood pressure (BP) responses to an oral glucose load. Eighteen healthy older participants underwent measurements of gastric emptying (scintigraphy), plasma glucose and insulin, glucose absorption, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow, BP and heart rate (HR) after ingesting a 50 g glucose drink, with or without the preload. The preload reduced plasma glucose (p = 0.02) and serum 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) (p = 0.003), and increased plasma insulin (p = 0.03). There was no difference in gastric emptying or BP between the two days. The reduction in plasma glucose on the preload day was related to the reduction in glucose absorption (r = 0.71, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the glucose-lowering effect of the preload may relate to delayed small intestinal glucose absorption and insulin stimulation, rather than slowing of gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pham
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Iselin S. Holen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Liza K. Phillips
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Seva Hatzinikolas
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Lian Q. Huynh
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Christopher K. Rayner
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Karen L. Jones
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.P.); (L.K.P.); (S.H.); (L.Q.H.); (T.W.); (C.K.R.); (M.H.)
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-7821
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Acute Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Postprandial Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081717. [PMID: 31349678 PMCID: PMC6722982 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is under-recognised, but common, particularly in the elderly, and is of clear clinical importance due to both the independent association between PPH and an increase in mortality and lack of effective management for this condition. Following health concerns surrounding excessive consumption of sugar, there has been a trend in the use of low- or non-nutritive sweeteners as an alternative. Due to the lack of literature in this area, we conducted a systematic search to identify studies relevant to the effects of different types of sweeteners on postprandial blood pressure (BP). The BP response to ingestion of sweeteners is generally unaffected in healthy young subjects, however in elderly subjects, glucose induces the greatest decrease in postprandial BP, while the response to sucrose is less pronounced. The limited studies investigating other nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners have demonstrated minimal or no effect on postprandial BP. Dietary modification by replacing high nutritive sweeteners (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) with low nutritive (d-xylose, xylitol, erythritol, maltose, maltodextrin, and tagatose) and non-nutritive sweeteners may be a simple and effective management strategy for PPH.
Collapse
|