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Ma C, Wang X, Dai JY, Turman C, Kraft P, Stopsack KH, Loda M, Pettersson A, Mucci LA, Stanford JL, Penney KL. Germline Genetic Variants Associated with Somatic TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion Status in Prostate Cancer: A Genome-Wide Association Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1436-1443. [PMID: 37555839 PMCID: PMC10592169 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate cancer subtype defined by the presence of TMPRSS2:ERG has been shown to be molecularly and epidemiologically distinct. However, few studies have investigated germline genetic variants associating with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study with 396 TMPRSS2:ERG(+) cases, 390 TMPRSS2:ERG(-) cases, and 2,386 cancer-free controls from the Physicians' Health Study (PHS), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and a Seattle-based Fred Hutchinson (FH) Cancer Center Prostate Cancer Study. We applied logistic regression models to test the associations between ∼5 million SNPs with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status accounting for population stratification. RESULTS We did not identify genome-wide significant variants comparing the TMPRSS2:ERG(+) to the TMPRSS2:ERG(-) prostate cancer cases in the meta-analysis. When comparing TMPRSS2:ERG(+) prostate cancer cases with controls without prostate cancer, 10 genome-wide significant SNPs on chromosome 17q24.3 were observed in the meta-analysis. When comparing TMPRSS2:ERG(-) prostate cancer cases with controls without prostate cancer, two SNPs on chromosome 8q24.21 in the meta-analysis reached genome-wide significance. CONCLUSIONS We observed SNPs at several known prostate cancer risk loci (17q24.3, 1q32.1, and 8q24.21) that were differentially and exclusively associated with the risk of developing prostate tumors either with or without the gene fusion. IMPACT Our findings suggest that tumors with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion exhibit a different germline genetic etiology compared with fusion negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Konrad H. Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andreas Pettersson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Stopsack KH, Su XA, Vaselkiv JB, Graff RE, Ebot EM, Pettersson A, Lis RT, Fiorentino M, Loda M, Penney KL, Lotan TL, Mucci LA. Transcriptomes of Prostate Cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG and Other ETS Fusions. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:14-23. [PMID: 36125519 PMCID: PMC9812892 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The most common somatic event in primary prostate cancer is a fusion between the androgen-related TMPRSS2 gene and the ERG oncogene. Tumors with these fusions, which occur early in carcinogenesis, have a distinctive etiology. A smaller subset of other tumors harbor fusions between TMPRSS2 and members of the ETS transcription factor family other than ERG. To assess the genomic similarity of tumors with non-ERG ETS fusions and those with fusions involving ERG, this study derived a transcriptomic signature of non-ERG ETS fusions and assessed this signature and ERG-related gene expression in 1,050 men with primary prostate cancer from three independent population-based and hospital-based studies. Although non-ERG ETS fusions involving ETV1, ETV4, ETV5, or FLI1 were individually rare, they jointly accounted for one in seven prostate tumors. Genes differentially regulated between non-ERG ETS tumors and tumors without ETS fusions showed similar differential expression when ERG tumors and tumors without ETS fusions were compared (differences explained: R2 = 69-77%), including ETS-related androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Differences appeared to result from similarities among ETS tumors rather than similarities among non-ETS tumors. Gene sets associated with ERG fusions were consistent with gene sets associated with non-ERG ETS fusions, including fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, an observation that was robust across cohorts. IMPLICATIONS Considering ETS fusions jointly may be useful for etiologic studies on prostate cancer, given that the transcriptome is profoundly impacted by ERG and non-ERG ETS fusions in a largely similar fashion, most notably genes regulating metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H. Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaofeng A. Su
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - J. Bailey Vaselkiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca E. Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ericka M. Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosina T. Lis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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3
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Hu A, Cao FF, Lu D, Yang LY. The role of T2E mediated CBF-1/RBP-Jκ signaling in metastatic thyroid cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7610-7621. [PMID: 34377238 PMCID: PMC8340223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer has been shown to be an independent risk factor for 2019-nCoV. Expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is abnormal in many cancers. Nevertheless, system analysis of TMPRSS2-ERG (T2E) abnormalities in metastatic thyroid cancer remains to be elucidated. METHOD Using genomic and chromatin data, we demonstrate a unique cis-regulatory landscape between non-T2E and T2E-positive metastatic thyroid cancers, including clusters of regulatory elements (COREs). We attempt to describe the effect of T2E silencing on the cis-regulatory structure in metastatic thyroid cancers and its phase with the obvious phenotype characteristics of T2E-positive metastatic thyroid cancers. RESULTS These differences were linked by the ERG (erythroblast transformation-specific related gene) co-opts of FoxA1 and HOXB13, which realized T2E specific transcription profile. The study also demonstrated the T2E-specific CORE in an ERG site of structural rearrangement, which is due to the expansion of the T2E locus and contributes to its up-expression. Ultimately, we demonstrate that T2E-specific transcription profile is the basis of vulnerability of CBF-1/RBP-Jκ pathway. In fact, CBF-1/RBP-Jκ pathway inhibits the invasion and growth of T2E-positive thyroid tumors. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overexpression of ERG co-option has a unique cis-regulatory structure in T2E positive thyroid tumors, which induces drug dependence on CBF-1/RBP-Jκ signal. Our study solved the genetic and epigenetic variation of T2E in metastatic thyroid cancer for the first time. It is worth noting that further functional and clinical validation is needed as our study is a bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Fan-Fan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, 200001, China
| | - Li-Yun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityPudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
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Feng X, Zhou CK, Clish CB, Wilson KM, Pernar CH, Dickerman BA, Loda M, Finn SP, Penney KL, Schmidt DR, Heiden MGV, Giovannucci EL, Ebot EM, Mucci LA. Association of Prediagnostic Blood Metabolomics with Prostate Cancer Defined by ERG or PTEN Molecular Subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1000-1008. [PMID: 33627383 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion and PTEN loss are two of the most common somatic molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the association of prediagnostic-circulating metabolomics and prostate cancer defined by ERG or PTEN status to improve understanding of these etiologically distinct molecular prostate cancer subtypes. METHODS The study was performed among 277 prostate cancer cases with ERG status, 211 with PTEN status, and 294 controls nested in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS). We profiled 223 polar and non-polar metabolites using LC-MS in prediagnostic plasma specimens. We applied enrichment analysis and multinomial logistic regression models to identify biological metabolite classes and individual metabolites associated with prostate cancer defined by ERG or PTEN status. RESULTS Compared with noncancer controls, sphingomyelin (P: 0.01), ceramide (P: 0.04), and phosphatidylethanolamine (P: 0.03) circulating levels were enriched among ERG-positive prostate cancer cases. Sphingomyelins (P: 0.02), ceramides (P: 0.005), and amino acids (P: 0.02) were enriched among tumors exhibiting PTEN-loss; unsaturated diacylglycerols (P: 0.003) were enriched among PTEN-intact cases; and unsaturated triacylglycerols were enriched among both PTEN-loss (P: 0.001) and PTEN-intact (P: 0.0001) cases. Although several individual metabolites identified in the above categories were nominally associated with ERG or PTEN-defined prostate cancer, none remained significant after accounting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS The molecular process of prostate carcinogenesis may be distinct for men with different metabolomic profiles. IMPACT These novel findings provide insights into the metabolic environment for the development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbra A Dickerman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Hashim D, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Ahearn TU, Pettersson A, Barber L, Pernar CH, Ebot EM, Isikbay M, Finn SP, Giovannucci EL, Lis RT, Loda M, Parmigiani G, Lotan T, Kantoff PW, Mucci LA, Graff RE. Family history of prostate cancer and the incidence of ERG- and phosphatase and tensin homolog-defined prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2694-2702. [PMID: 31318977 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Family history is among the strongest known risk factors for prostate cancer (PCa). Emerging data suggest molecular subtypes of PCa, including two somatic genetic aberrations: fusions of androgen-regulated promoters with ERG and, separately, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss. We examined associations between family history and incidence of these subtypes in 44,126 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. ERG and PTEN status were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Multivariable competing risks models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between self-reported family history of PCa and molecular subtypes of disease. Thirteen percent of men had a positive family history of PCa at baseline. During a median follow-up of 18.5 years, 5,511 PCa cases were diagnosed. Among them, 888 were assayed for ERG status (47% ERG-positive) and 715 were assayed for PTEN loss (14% PTEN null). Family history was more strongly associated with risk of ERG-negative (HR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.71-2.70) than ERG-positive (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13-1.95) disease (pheterogeneity : 0.04). The strongest difference was among men with an affected father (HRERG-negative : 2.09; 95% CI: 1.64-2.66; HRERG-positive : 1.30; 95% CI: 0.96-1.76; pheterogeneity : 0.01). Family history of PCa was positively associated with both PTEN null (HR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.49) and PTEN intact (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.39-2.13) PCa (pheterogeneity : 0.47). Our results indicate that PCa family history may be positively associated with PCa in all ERG and PTEN subtypes, suggesting a role of genetic susceptibility in their development. It is possible that ERG-negative disease could be especially associated with positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hashim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin Medical School, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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6
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Kensler KH, Rebbeck TR. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:267-277. [PMID: 32024765 PMCID: PMC7006991 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Kensler
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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7
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DuPre NC, Flavin R, Sfanos KS, Unger RH, To S, Gazeeva E, Fiorentino M, De Marzo AM, Rider JR, Mucci LA. Corpora amylacea in prostatectomy tissue and associations with molecular, histological, and lifestyle factors. Prostate 2018; 78:1172-1180. [PMID: 30009541 PMCID: PMC6501556 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpora amylacea are amyloid bodies commonly found adjacent to damaged prostate epithelium. Little is known about their formation or function. The current study sought to characterize corpora amylacea in prostate tissue and to describe their relationship with clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors, especially with chronic inflammation which is associated with aggressive disease. METHODS We studied a cohort of 355 men with prostate cancer and tissue specimens from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Pathologists examined H&E slides and undertook a standardized review for histologic data and inflammation. Trained observers counted corpora amylacea within the benign and predominately tumor areas. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers were available from tissue microarrays. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess associations of chronic inflammation, clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors with the presence of corpora amylacea. RESULTS Corpora amylacea were present in benign tissue area for 298 men (84%). Specimens with moderate-to-severe chronic inflammation were more likely to have corpora amylacea in benign regions (OR = 5.4 95%CI 1.9, 15.6). Moreover, corpora amylacea were more common in men with higher body mass index (OR = 1.13 95%CI 1.01, 1.26). In contrast, Gleason grade (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8), proliferation index (OR = 0.6 95%CI 0.3, 1.2) and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8) were inversely associated with corpora amylacea presence. TURP specimens were less likely to have corpora amylacea than prostatectomy specimens (OR = 0.12 95%CI 0.03, 0.47). Age, PSA, stage, biomarkers of angiogenesis and PTEN, and vasectomy were not significantly associated with corpora amylacea. CONCLUSION Corpora amylacea were common among men with prostate cancer and were associated with pro-inflammatory factors, some markers of less aggressive disease, and lack of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C DuPre
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Massachusetts
| | - Robert H Unger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha To
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizaveta Gazeeva
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Instituto, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Pernar CH, Ebot EM, Pettersson A, Graff RE, Giunchi F, Ahearn TU, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Markt SC, Wilson KM, Stopsack KH, Gazeeva E, Lis RT, Parmigiani G, Rimm EB, Finn SP, Giovannucci EL, Fiorentino M, Mucci LA. A Prospective Study of the Association between Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer Defined by Clinical Features and TMPRSS2:ERG. Eur Urol 2018; 76:33-40. [PMID: 30301696 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows that clinical and molecular subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa) have specific risk factors. Observational studies suggest that physical activity may lower the risk of aggressive PCa. To our knowledge, the association between physical activity and PCa defined by TMPRSS2:ERG has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between physical activity and risk of PCa defined by clinical features and TMPRSS2:ERG. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 49160 men aged 40-75 yr in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012. Data was collected at baseline and every 2 yr with >90% follow-up. Total and vigorous physical activity were measured in metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/wk. OUTCOME MEASURES AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Advanced PCa was defined as stage T3b, T4, N1, or M1 at diagnosis and lethal PCa as distant metastases or death due to disease over follow-up. Presence of TMPRSS2:ERG was estimated by immunohistochemistry of ERG protein expression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of subtype-specific PCa. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS During 26 yr of follow-up, 6411 developed PCa overall and 888 developed lethal disease. There were no significant associations between total physical activity and risk of PCa in the overall cohort. In multivariable-adjusted models, men in the highest quintile of vigorous activity had a significant 30% lower risk of advanced PCa (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.92) and 25% lower risk of lethal PCa (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.94) than men in the lowest quintile of vigorous activity. The association was independent of screening history. Vigorous activity was not associated with total PCa in the overall cohort but was inversely associated among highly screened men (top vs bottom quintile, HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). Of all cases, 945 were assayed for ERG (48% ERG-positive). Men with higher vigorous activity had a lower risk of ERG-positive PCa (top vs bottom quintile, HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.97). There was no significant association with the risk of ERG-negative disease (p heterogeneity=0.09). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that vigorous physical activity is associated with lower risk of advanced and lethal PCa and provides novel evidence for a lower risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-positive disease. PATIENT SUMMARY The identification of modifiable lifestyle factors for prevention of clinically important prostate cancer (PCa) is needed. In this report, we compared risk of PCa in men with different levels of physical activity. Men with higher vigorous activity had a lower risk of developing advanced and lethal PCa and PCa with the common TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizaveta Gazeeva
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Stopsack KH, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Peisch SF, Downer MK, Gage RA, Finn S, Lis RT, Graff RE, Pettersson A, Pernar CH, Loda M, Kantoff PW, Ahearn TU, Mucci LA. A Prospective Study of Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer Risk by TMPRSS2:ERG Status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1231-1233. [PMID: 30108097 PMCID: PMC6170677 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In a case-control study, aspirin use was associated with a lower risk of a common prostate cancer molecular subtype, the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. We sought to validate this finding in a prospective cohort.Methods: In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 49,395 men reported on aspirin use on biennial questionnaires and were followed for prostate cancer incidence over 23 years. TMPRSS2:ERG status was assessed by IHC for presence of ERG on archival tumor specimens for 912 patients with prostate cancer, of whom 48% were ERG-positive.Results: In multivariable models, we found no association between regular use of aspirin and risk of ERG-positive prostate cancer (HR, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.23), nor any association with duration or frequency of aspirin use. In restricting to cases with either high Gleason grade or advanced stage disease, there remained no association with aspirin use.Conclusions: Data from this prospective study with repeated assessments of aspirin use do not support the hypothesis that aspirin use is associated with a lower risk of ERG-positive prostate cancer.Impact: Aspirin use is unlikely to lower the risk of this common molecular subtype of prostate cancer. However, there is emerging data supporting the role of other lifestyle and genetic factors underlying the development of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1231-3. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Samuel F Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary K Downer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Riley A Gage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Zhou CK, Young D, Yeboah ED, Coburn SB, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Niwa S, Truelove A, Welsh J, Mensah JE, Hoover RN, Sesterhenn IA, Hsing AW, Srivastava S, Cook MB. TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer of West African Men and a Meta-Analysis of Racial Differences. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1352-1361. [PMID: 28633309 PMCID: PMC5860576 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fusions of the transmembrane protease, serine 2, gene (TMPRSS2) with the erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG), or TMPRSS2:ERG, in prostate cancer varies by race. However, such somatic aberration and its association with prognostic factors have neither been studied in a West African population nor been systematically reviewed in the context of racial differences. We used immunohistochemistry to assess oncoprotein encoded by the ERG gene as the established surrogate of ERG fusion genes among 262 prostate cancer biopsies from the Ghana Prostate Study (2004-2006). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals of ERG expression in relation to patient characteristics. We found that 47 of 262 (18%) prostate cancers were ERG-positive, and being negative for ERG staining was associated with higher Gleason score. We further conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in relation to race, Gleason score, and tumor stage, combining results from Ghana with 40 additional studies. Meta-analysis showed the prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in prostate cancer to be highest in men of European descent (49%), followed by men of Asian (27%) and then African (25%) descent. The lower prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in men of African descent implies that alternative genomic mechanisms might explain the disproportionately high prostate cancer burden in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Sally B Coburn
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yao Tettey
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Evelyn Tay
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isabell A Sesterhenn
- Genitourinary Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Department of Defense, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael B Cook
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Graff RE, Ahearn TU, Pettersson A, Ebot EM, Gerke T, Penney KL, Wilson KM, Markt SC, Pernar CH, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Song M, Lis RT, Schmidt DR, Vander Heiden MG, Fiorentino M, Giovannucci EL, Loda M, Mucci LA. Height, Obesity, and the Risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-Defined Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 27:193-200. [PMID: 29167279 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The largest molecular subtype of primary prostate cancer is defined by the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Few studies, however, have investigated etiologic differences by TMPRSS2:ERG status. Because the fusion is hormone-regulated and a man's hormonal milieu varies by height and obesity status, we hypothesized that both may be differentially associated with risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-defined disease.Methods: Our study included 49,372 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Participants reported height and weight at baseline in 1986 and updated weight biennially thereafter through 2009. Tumor ERG protein expression (a TMPRSS2:ERG marker) was immunohistochemically assessed. We used multivariable competing risks models to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of ERG-positive and ERG-negative prostate cancer.Results: During 23 years of follow-up, we identified 5,847 incident prostate cancers, among which 913 were ERG-assayed. Taller height was associated with an increased risk of ERG-positive disease only [per 5 inches HR 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.50; Pheterogeneity = 0.07]. Higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91; Pheterogeneity = 0.02) and updated BMI over time (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.00; Pheterogeneity = 0.07) were associated with a reduced risk of ERG-positive disease only.Conclusions: Our results indicate that anthropometrics may be uniquely associated with TMPRSS2:ERG-positive prostate cancer; taller height may be associated with greater risk, whereas obesity may be associated with lower risk.Impact: Our study provides strong rationale for further investigations of other prostate cancer risk factors that may be distinctly associated with subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 193-200. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Geybels MS, Fang M, Wright JL, Qu X, Bibikova M, Klotzle B, Fan JB, Feng Z, Ostrander EA, Nelson PS, Stanford JL. PTEN loss is associated with prostate cancer recurrence and alterations in tumor DNA methylation profiles. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84338-84348. [PMID: 29137428 PMCID: PMC5663600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) with loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN has an unfavorable prognosis. DNA methylation profiles associated with PTEN loss may provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying these more aggressive, clinically relevant tumors. METHODS The cohort included patients with clinically localized PCa. Samples taken from the primary tumor were used to determine PTEN genomic deletions using FISH, and to analyze epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles. Patients were followed for PCa recurrence on average for 8 years after diagnosis. RESULTS The study included 471 patients with data on PTEN loss, and the frequency of hemi- and homozygous PTEN loss was 10.0% and 4.5%, respectively. Loss of PTEN was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence (any vs. no PTEN loss; HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.03-2.93). Hazard ratios for hemi- and homozygous loss were 1.39 (95% CI: 0.73-2.64) and 2.84 (95% CI: 1.30-6.19), respectively. Epigenome-wide methylation profiling identified 4,208 differentially methylated CpGs (FDR Q-value < 0.01) in tumors with any versus no PTEN loss. There were no genome-wide significant differentially methylated CpGs in homo- versus hemizygous deleted tumors. Tumor methylation data were used to build a methylation signature of PTEN loss in our cohort, which was confirmed in TCGA, and included CpGs in ATP11A, GDNF, JAK1, JAM3, and VAPA. CONCLUSION Loss of PTEN was positively associated with PCa recurrence. Prostate tumors with PTEN loss harbor a distinct methylation signature, and these aberrantly methylated CpG sites may mediate tumor progression when PTEN is deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S. Geybels
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Fang
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Wright
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Cytogenetics, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marina Bibikova
- Department of Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brandy Klotzle
- Department of Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jian-Bing Fan
- Department of Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Current address: AnchorDx Corp., Guangzhou 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Cullen J, Young D, Chen Y, Degon M, Farrell J, Sedarsky J, Baptiste W, Rosen P, Tolstikov V, Kiebish M, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Kuo HC, Moncur JT, Rosner IL, Narain N, Akmaev V, Petrovics G, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Srivastava S, Sesterhenn IA. Predicting Prostate Cancer Progression as a Function of ETS-related Gene Status, Race, and Obesity in a Longitudinal Patient Cohort. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 4:818-824. [PMID: 28753864 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETS-related gene (ERG) oncogenic activation is the most common genomic alteration in prostate cancer (CaP) although it occurs less frequently in African American (AA) versus Caucasian (CA) patients, and the potential role of ERG as a prognostic marker has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to confirm strong racial variation in the prevalence of ERG oncoprotein expression and to examine ERG oncoprotein expression, race, and body mass index as independent and joint predictors of CaP biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study of CA and AA CaP patients enrolled at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, who donated clinically annotated, whole-mounted, prostatectomy specimens between 1994 and 2014 following RP, was conducted. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine time to BCR as a function of ERG status, patient race, and obesity. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among 930 eligible patients (36.1% AA and 63.9% CA), with 155 (16.7%) BCR events and a median follow-up time of 5.1 yr, ERG oncoprotein expression was significantly less prevalent in index tumors of AA versus CA patients (23.2% vs 49.3%; p<0.0001). KM curves showed significantly poorer BCR-free survival for CA patients with ERG-negative index tumors but not for AA patients. Race-stratified multivariable analyses revealed a significant association between ERG-negative index tumors and poorer BCR-free survival among CA patients (hazards ratio=1.67, confidence interval=1.07, 2.61; p=0.024). Less heterogeneity in ERG expression among AA patients may reduce the ability to show its association with BCR. CONCLUSIONS Striking racial variation in ERG oncoprotein expression was confirmed. A novel observation was the importance of index tumor ERG-negative status in predicting CaP progression for CA patients. PATIENT SUMMARY ETS-related gene (ERG) typing of tumors may be useful in prognosticating prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Degon
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Farrell
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Sedarsky
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wagner Baptiste
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Rosen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Kagan
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huai-Ching Kuo
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel T Moncur
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inger L Rosner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G McLeod
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabell A Sesterhenn
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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14
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Geybels MS, McCloskey KD, Mills IG, Stanford JL. Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer by TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusion Status. Prostate 2017; 77:282-290. [PMID: 27753122 PMCID: PMC5668682 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may affect prostate cancer (PCa) growth by various mechanisms including those related to androgens. The fusion of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the oncogene ERG (TMPRSS2:ERG or T2E) is common in PCa, and prostate tumors that harbor the gene fusion are believed to represent a distinct disease subtype. We studied the association of CCB use with the risk of PCa, and molecular subtypes of PCa defined by T2E status. METHODS Participants were residents of King County, Washington, recruited for population-based case-control studies (1993-1996 or 2002-2005). Tumor T2E status was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using tumor tissue specimens from radical prostatectomy. Detailed information on use of CCBs and other variables was obtained through in-person interviews. Binomial and polytomous logistic regression were used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The study included 1,747 PCa patients and 1,635 age-matched controls. A subset of 563 patients treated with radical prostatectomy had T2E status determined, of which 295 were T2E positive (52%). Use of CCBs (ever vs. never) was not associated with overall PCa risk. However, among European-American men, users had a reduced risk of higher-grade PCa (Gleason scores ≥7: adjusted OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44-0.95). Further, use of CCBs was associated with a reduced risk of T2E positive PCa (adjusted OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.19-0.78), but was not associated with T2E negative PCa. CONCLUSIONS This study found suggestive evidence that use of CCBs is associated with reduced relative risks for higher Gleason score and T2E positive PCa. Future studies of PCa etiology should consider etiologic heterogeneity as PCa subtypes may develop through different causal pathways. Prostate 77:282-290, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S. Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Karen D. McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals-Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
- Corresponding authors: ;
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15
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Venniyoor A. The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology-Question 2-5. Obesity-related cancers: more questions than answers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:18. [PMID: 28143590 PMCID: PMC5286818 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobacco-related cancers are well characterized and effective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy (metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition (subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers (ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common (over-lapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse effect of obesity on human condition.
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Luedeke M, Rinckleb AE, FitzGerald LM, Geybels MS, Schleutker J, Eeles RA, Teixeira MR, Cannon-Albright L, Ostrander EA, Weikert S, Herkommer K, Wahlfors T, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Tammela TL, Cooper CS, Kote-Jarai Z, Edwards S, Goh CL, McCarthy F, Parker C, Flohr P, Paulo P, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Krause H, Wach S, Lieb V, Rau TT, Vogel W, Kuefer R, Hofer MD, Perner S, Rubin MA, Agarwal AM, Easton DF, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Hoegel J, Stanford JL, Maier C. Prostate cancer risk regions at 8q24 and 17q24 are differentially associated with somatic TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5490-5499. [PMID: 27798103 PMCID: PMC5418832 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and epidemiological differences have been described between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive and fusion-negative prostate cancer (PrCa). Assuming two molecularly distinct subtypes, we have examined 27 common PrCa risk variants, previously identified in genome-wide association studies, for subtype specific associations in a total of 1221 TMPRSS2:ERG phenotyped PrCa cases. In meta-analyses of a discovery set of 552 cases with TMPRSS2:ERG data and 7650 unaffected men from five centers we have found support for the hypothesis that several common risk variants are associated with one particular subtype rather than with PrCa in general. Risk variants were analyzed in case-case comparisons (296 TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive versus 256 fusion-negative cases) and an independent set of 669 cases with TMPRSS2:ERG data was established to replicate the top five candidates. Significant differences (P < 0.00185) between the two subtypes were observed for rs16901979 (8q24) and rs1859962 (17q24), which were enriched in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative (OR = 0.53, P = 0.0007) and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive PrCa (OR = 1.30, P = 0.0016), respectively. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis was performed to investigate mechanistic links between risk variants, fusion status and target gene mRNA levels. For rs1859962 at 17q24, genotype dependent expression was observed for the candidate target gene SOX9 in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive PrCa, which was not evident in TMPRSS2:ERG negative tumors. The present study established evidence for the first two common PrCa risk variants differentially associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. TMPRSS2:ERG phenotyping of larger studies is required to determine comprehensive sets of variants with subtype-specific roles in PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje E. Rinckleb
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cancer, Genetics and Immunology, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Milan S. Geybels
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Steffen Weikert
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Teuvo L.J. Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Biological Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Chee L. Goh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Chris Parker
- Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Penny Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hans Krause
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman T. Rau
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Kuefer
- Department of Urology, Klinik am Eichert, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Matthias D. Hofer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Josef Hoegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Vidal AC, Freedland SJ. Obesity and Prostate Cancer: A Focused Update on Active Surveillance, Race, and Molecular Subtyping. Eur Urol 2016; 72:78-83. [PMID: 27771128 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2012, we published a detailed review on obesity and prostate cancer. Since then, new studies have brought further understanding regarding the role of obesity in selecting active surveillance candidates, and differing associations between obesity and prostate cancer as a function of race and molecular subtype of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE To review new manuscripts on these new concepts for which there were limited data before 2012. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search from July 2012 to March 2016 was performed using the terms "prostate cancer" and "obesity". Of 450 articles, we included 15 related to these three topics. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Among men on active surveillance or candidates for active surveillance, multiple studies suggest that the risk of upgrading is higher for obese men. No study has shown long-term oncologic differences, and the risk of prostate cancer mortality remains low. One study suggested that the link between obesity and prostate cancer risk is stronger among black men; however, other studies found that obesity is correlated with aggressive disease regardless of race. Two studies found that the associations between obesity and prostate cancer (ie, fewer low-grade cancers and yet more aggressive cancers) was limited to men with TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS The past 4 yr has seen much new work on the obesity-prostate cancer link. If confirmed in other studies, these findings provide novel insights into not only the link between obesity and prostate cancer but also prostate cancer biology in general. PATIENT SUMMARY While their outcomes may be slightly worse, obese men with localized prostate cancer should not be discouraged from active surveillance. Early studies suggest there may be subtypes of patients in whom obesity is more strongly linked to aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Graff RE, Pettersson A, Lis RT, Ahearn TU, Markt SC, Wilson KM, Rider JR, Fiorentino M, Finn S, Kenfield SA, Loda M, Giovannucci EL, Rosner B, Mucci LA. Dietary lycopene intake and risk of prostate cancer defined by ERG protein expression. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:851-60. [PMID: 26817504 PMCID: PMC4763492 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.118703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence that supports etiologically distinct molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, the identification of which may improve prevention. Given their antioxidant properties, we hypothesized that lycopene and tomato sauce may be especially protective against diseases harboring the common gene fusion transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2):v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG). OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine associations between estimated lycopene and tomato sauce intake and the risk of prostate cancer defined by ERG protein expression subtype. DESIGN Our study population consisted of a prospective cohort of 46,719 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. TMPRSS2:ERG was assessed by ERG immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens. We used multivariable competing risk models to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of ERG-positive and, separately, ERG-negative disease. We implemented inverse probability weighting to account for evaluating ERG status only in surgically treated cases. RESULTS During 23 y of follow-up, 5543 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, among whom 884 were assayed for ERG (426 ERG-positive). With inclusion of only the latter cases, increasing cumulative average tomato sauce intake was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer overall (≥2 servings/wk compared with <1 serving/mo; multivariable HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95; P-trend = 0.002). With respect to molecular subtypes, cumulative average tomato sauce intake was associated with a decreased risk of ERG-positive disease (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.81; P-trend = 0.004) but not with ERG-negative disease (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.50; P-trend = 0.10) (P-heterogeneity = 0.04). Increasing quintiles of lycopene intake were associated with a decreased risk of both subtypes (P-heterogeneity = 0.79). Inverse probability weighting did not materially change the results. CONCLUSIONS Our results lend some support to the hypothesis that prostate cancers that harbor TMPRSS2:ERG may be etiologically distinct from fusion-negative cancers. In particular, tomato sauce consumption may play a role in reducing TMPRSS2:ERG-positive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Graff
- Departments of Epidemiology, Departments ofEpidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Departments of Epidemiology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Departments of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Departments of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Departments of Epidemiology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Stephen Finn
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Departments of Epidemiology, Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Epidemiology, Nutrition, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Departments of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Aspirin and NSAID use in association with molecular subtypes of prostate cancer defined by TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2015; 19:53-6. [PMID: 26503111 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TMPRSS2:ERG (T2E) gene fusion is the most common rearrangement in prostate cancer (PCa). It is unknown if these molecular subtypes have a different etiology. We evaluated aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in association with T2E fusion status. METHODS Subjects were from a population-based case-control study of PCa. T2E fusion status for prostatectomy cases (n=346) was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Medication use was determined from questionnaires. Logistic regression, controlling for age, race, PCa family history and PSA screening, was used to evaluate the association of T2E fusion status according to medication use. RESULTS T2E fusion was present in 171 (49%) cases, with younger cases more likely to be fusion positive (P<0.01). Current aspirin use was associated with a 37% risk reduction of T2E-positive tumors (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.93). Aspirin use was not associated with T2E negative PCa (adjusted OR 0.99, 0.69-1.42). There were no associations between PCa fusion status and use of nonaspirin NSAIDs or acetaminophen. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin was associated with a significant reduction in the relative risk of T2E fusion positive, but not T2E negative, PCa. As inflammation and androgen pathways are implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, additional studies of anti-inflammatory medications in relation to these PCa subtypes are warranted.
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