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Korchevskiy AA, Hill WC, Hull M, Korchevskiy A. Using particle dimensionality-based modeling to estimate lung carcinogenicity of 3D printer emissions. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:564-581. [PMID: 37950573 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of 3D printing technologies by industry and consumers is expanding. However, the approaches to assess the risk of lung carcinogenesis from the emissions of 3D printers have not yet been developed. The objective of the study was to demonstrate a methodology for modeling lung cancer risk related to specific exposure levels as derived from an experimental study of 3D printer emissions for various types of filaments (ABS, PLA, and PETG). The emissions of 15 filaments were assessed at varying extrusion temperatures for a total of 23 conditions in a Class 1,000 cleanroom following procedures described by ANSI/CAN/UL 2904. Three approaches were utilized for cancer risk estimation: (a) calculation based on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, (b) a proximity assessment based on the pulmonary deposition fraction, and (c) modeling based on the mass-weighted aerodynamic diameter of particles. The combined distribution of emitted particles had the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.35 μm, GSD 2.25. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 25.21 μg/m3 . The spline-based function of aerodynamic diameter allowed us to reconstruct the carcinogenic potential of seven types of fine and ultrafine particles (crystalline silica, fine TiO2 , ultrafine TiO2 , ambient PM2.5 and PM10, diesel particulates, and carbon nanotubes) with a correlation of 0.999, P < 0.00001. The central tendency estimation of lung cancer risk for 3D printer emissions was found at the level of 14.74 cases per 10,000 workers in a typical exposure scenario (average cumulative exposure of 0.3 mg/m3 - years), with the lowest risks for PLA filaments, and the highest for PETG type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Cary Hill
- ITA International, LLC, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew Hull
- Virginia Tech, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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2
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Seyyedsalehi MS, Collatuzzo G, Teglia F, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00133. [PMID: 38502528 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and other fossil fuels in the workplace can cause several health effects including cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies examining the association between occupational DE exposure and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), including cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. We included cohort studies mentioned in the Monograph of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014, on DE. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for HNC overall and its anatomical subtypes. A random-effects model was used to address heterogeneity between studies. Fifteen articles were included after removing duplicates and irrelevant reports. The summary RR for DE exposure was 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.17, P heterogeneity = <0.001] for HNC overall, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.87-1.11) for oral cavity, 1.05 (95% CI = 0.77-1.43) for pharyngeal, 1.15 (95% CI = 0.96-1.38) for oral cavity and pharyngeal combined, and 1.13 (95% CI = 1.03-1.24) for laryngeal cancer. There were elevated RRs for incidence studies of HNC (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05-1.22, P = 0.001), European studies (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05-1.23, P = 0.001), and female studies (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.31-2.39, P = 0.003). Our study suggested an association between occupational DE exposure and the risk of HNC, particularly laryngeal cancer. Although residual confounding cannot be ruled out, our results support the importance of controlling occupational DE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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3
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Blechter B, Wong JYY, Hu W, Cawthon R, Downward GS, Portengen L, Zhang Y, Ning B, Rahman ML, Ji BT, Li J, Yang K, Dean Hosgood H, Silverman DT, Huang Y, Rothman N, Vermeulen R, Lan Q. Exposure to smoky coal combustion emissions and leukocyte Alu retroelement copy number. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:404-410. [PMID: 37119119 PMCID: PMC10414142 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) from indoor combustion of solid fuel is a global health burden that has been linked to multiple diseases including lung cancer. In Xuanwei, China, lung cancer rate for non-smoking women is among the highest in the world and largely attributed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are produced from combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal. Alu retroelements, repetitive mobile DNA sequences that can somatically multiply and promote genomic instability have been associated with risk of lung cancer and diesel engine exhaust exposure. We conducted analyses for 160 non-smoking women in an exposure assessment study in Xuanwei, China with a repeat sample from 49 subjects. Quantitative PCR was used to measure Alu repeat copy number relative to albumin gene copy number (Alu/ALB ratio). Associations between clusters derived from predicted levels of 43 HAP constituents, 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), a PAH previously associated with lung cancer in Xuanwei and was selected a priori for analysis, and Alu repeats were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. A cluster of 31 PAHs reflecting current exposure was associated with increased Alu copy number (β:0.03 per standard deviation change; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.01,0.04; P-value = 2E-04). One compound within this cluster, 5-MC, was also associated with increased Alu copy number (P-value = 0.02). Our findings suggest that exposure to PAHs due to indoor smoky coal combustion may contribute to genomic instability. Additionally, our study provides further support for 5-MC as a prominent carcinogenic component of smoky coal emissions. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - George S Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bofu Ning
- Xuanwei Center of Diseases Control, Xuanwei, Yunnan, China
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jihua Li
- Quijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Quijing, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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4
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Ogbunuzor C, Fransen LFH, Talibi M, Khan Z, Dalzell A, Laycock A, Southern D, Eveleigh A, Ladommatos N, Hellier P, Leonard MO. Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115013. [PMID: 37182301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Renewable alternatives to fossil diesel (FD) including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel have become more prevalent. However, toxicity of exhaust material from their combustion, relative to the fuels they are displacing has not been fully characterised. This study was carried out to examine particle toxicity within the lung epithelium and the role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exhaust particles from a 20% (v/v) blend of FAME biodiesel had little impact on primary airway epithelial toxicity compared to FD derived particles but did result in an altered profile of PAHs, including an increase in particle bound carcinogenic B[a]P. Higher blends of biodiesel had significantly increased levels of more carcinogenic PAHs, which was associated with a higher level of stress response gene expression including CYP1A1, NQO1 and IL1B. Removal of semi-volatile material from particulates abolished effects on airway cells. Particle size difference and toxic metals were discounted as causative for biological effects. Finally, combustion of a single component fuel (Methyl decanoate) containing the methyl ester molecular structure found in FAME mixtures, also produced more carcinogenic PAHs at the higher fuel blend levels. These results indicate the use of FAME biodiesel at higher blends may be associated with an increased particle associated carcinogenic and toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ogbunuzor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | - Midhat Talibi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Zuhaib Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Abigail Dalzell
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Adam Laycock
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Daniel Southern
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Aaron Eveleigh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nicos Ladommatos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Paul Hellier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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5
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Sidossis A, Lan FY, Hershey MS, Hadkhale K, Kales SN. Cancer and Potential Prevention with Lifestyle among Career Firefighters: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092442. [PMID: 37173909 PMCID: PMC10177420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Career firefighters are at considerable risk for chronic diseases, including an increased risk of various cancers, compared to the general population. Over the last two decades, several systematic reviews and large cohort studies have demonstrated that firefighters have statistically significant increases in overall and site-specific cancer incidence and site-specific cancer mortality compared to the general population. Exposure assessment and other studies have documented exposures to a variety of carcinogens in fire smoke and within the fire station. Other occupational factors such as shift work, sedentary behavior, and the fire service food culture may also contribute to this working population's increased cancer risk. Furthermore, obesity and other lifestyle behaviors such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, inadequate physical activity, and short sleep duration have also been associated with an increased risk of certain firefighting-associated cancers. Putative prevention strategies are proposed based on suspected occupational and lifestyle risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Sidossis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fan-Yun Lan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Maria S Hershey
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kishor Hadkhale
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Faculty of Social Sciences Health Sciences (Epidemiology), Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Park JE, Lee JY, Chae J, Min CH, Shin HS, Lee SY, Lee JY, Park JH, Jeon J. In vivo tracking of toxic diesel particulate matter in mice using radiolabeling and nuclear imaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137395. [PMID: 36574577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) is associated with several adverse health effects, including severe respiratory diseases. Quantitative analysis of DPM in vivo can provide important information on the behavior of harmful chemicals, as well as their toxicological impacts in living subjects. This study presents whole-body images and tissue distributions of DPM in animal models, using molecular imaging and radiolabeling techniques. The self-assembly of the 89Zr-labeled pyrene analog with a suspension of DPM efficiently produced 89Zr-incorporated DPM (89Zr-DPM). Positron emission tomography images were obtained for mice exposed to 89Zr-DPM via three administration routes: intratracheal, oral, and intravenous injection. DPM was largely distributed in the lungs and only slowly cleared after 7 days in mice exposed via the intratracheal route. In addition, a portion of 89Zr-DPM was translocated to other organs, such as the heart, spleen, and liver. Uptake values in these organs were also noticeable following exposure via the intravenous route. In contrast, most of the orally administered DPM was excreted quickly within a day. These results suggest that continuous inhalation exposure to DPM causes serious lung damage and may cause toxic effects in the extrapulmonary organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Chae
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lu H, Yang D, Shi Y, Chen K, Li P, Huang S, Cui D, Feng Y, Wang T, Yang J, Zhu X, Xia D, Wu Y. Toxicogenomics scoring system: TGSS, a novel integrated risk assessment model for chemical carcinogenicity prediction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114466. [PMID: 36587411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing exposure of humans to environmental chemicals and the limitations of conventional toxicity test, there is an urgent need to develop next-generation risk assessment methods. OBJECTIVES This study aims to establish a novel computational system named Toxicogenomics Scoring System (TGSS) to predict the carcinogenicity of chemicals coupling chemical-gene interactions with multiple cancer transcriptomic datasets. METHODS Chemical-related gene signatures were derived from chemical-gene interaction data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). For each cancer type in TCGA, genes were ranked by their effects on tumorigenesis, which is based on the differential expression between tumor and normal samples. Next, we developed carcinogenicity scores (C-scores) using pre-ranked GSEA to quantify the correlation between chemical-related gene signatures and ranked gene lists. Then we established TGSS by systematically evaluating the C-scores in multiple chemical-tumor pairs. Furthermore, we examined the performance of our approach by ROC curves or prognostic analyses in TCGA and multiple independent cancer cohorts. RESULTS Forty-six environmental chemicals were finally included in the study. C-score was calculated for each chemical-tumor pair. The C-scores of IARC Group 3 chemicals were significantly lower than those of chemicals in Group 1 (P-value = 0.02) and Group 2 (P-values = 7.49 ×10-5). ROC curves analysis indicated that C-score could distinguish "high-risk chemicals" from the other compounds (AUC = 0.67) with a specificity and sensitivity of 0.86 and 0.57. The results of survival analysis were also in line with the assessed carcinogenicity in TGSS for the chemicals in Group 1. Finally, consistent results were further validated in independent cancer cohorts. CONCLUSION TGSS highlighted the great potential of integrating chemical-gene interactions with gene-cancer relationships to predict the carcinogenic risk of chemicals, which would be valuable for systems toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohua Lu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongyu Cui
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianru Wang
- Epidemiology Stream, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, M5T 3M7 ON, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Camassa LMA, Elje E, Mariussen E, Longhin EM, Dusinska M, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Rundén-Pran E. Advanced Respiratory Models for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials—Performance of Mono-, Co- and Tricultures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152609. [PMID: 35957046 PMCID: PMC9370172 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models are needed to support next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), moving from hazard assessment based mainly on animal studies to the application of new alternative methods (NAMs). Advanced models must be tested for hazard assessment of nanomaterials (NMs). The aim of this study was to perform an interlaboratory trial across two laboratories to test the robustness of and optimize a 3D lung model of human epithelial A549 cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Potential change in sensitivity in hazard identification when adding complexity, going from monocultures to co- and tricultures, was tested by including human endothelial cells EA.hy926 and differentiated monocytes dTHP-1. All models were exposed to NM-300K in an aerosol exposure system (VITROCELL® cloud-chamber). Cyto- and genotoxicity were measured by AlamarBlue and comet assay. Cellular uptake was investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The models were characterized by confocal microscopy and barrier function tested. We demonstrated that this advanced lung model is applicable for hazard assessment of NMs. The results point to a change in sensitivity of the model by adding complexity and to the importance of detailed protocols for robustness and reproducibility of advanced in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, FHI, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Shan Zienolddiny-Narui
- National Institute of Occupational Health in Norway, 0033 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.-N.); (E.R.-P.); Tel.: +47-2319-5284 (S.Z.-N.); +47-6389-8237 (E.R.-P.)
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; (E.E.); (E.M.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.-N.); (E.R.-P.); Tel.: +47-2319-5284 (S.Z.-N.); +47-6389-8237 (E.R.-P.)
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9
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Exhaust Emissions from a Hybrid City Bus Fuelled by Conventional and Oxygenated Fuel. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
City buses are one of the main means of public transport in cities. As they move in a limited and densely populated area and are intensively exploited, it is particularly important that they are environmentally friendly. There are many ways to reduce emissions from city buses, including the use of hybrid propulsion. Another way is to use low-emission fuels. This article presents the results of the emission tests of an 18 m articulated city bus with a serial hybrid drive fuelled comparatively by conventional diesel fuel and oxygenated fuel containing 10% v/v of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME). The emission tests were carried out during the actual operation of the bus on a route in Poznań (Poland) and over the SORT cycles. The obtained test results were compared also with the results obtained for a conventional bus. The reduction in emissions of some exhaust components was found when the hybrid bus was fuelled with oxygenated fuel during its actual operation on the bus route. There was a reduction in CO emissions by ~50% and NOx emissions by ~10%. Almost identical levels of PM and HC emissions and smoke opacity were observed for both fuels. In the SORT cycles, the differences in the emissions obtained for both types of fuel were small. In general, for the hybrid bus, a lower influence of oxygenated fuel on emissions was recorded than for the conventional bus.
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10
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Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:1-6. [PMID: 34545021 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While an association between exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and risk of lung cancer has been reported in several studies, its interaction with tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk is not well characterized. This study aims at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of results of epidemiology studies on this. METHODS Studies included in the systematic review were identified from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, without limitation of year of publication or language. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies and abstracted relevant data from selected studies, applied a customized quality assessment tool and calculated the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the interaction between DE exposure and tobacco smoking on a multiplicative scale. Next, a random-effects meta-analysis of the interaction RR was conducted. RESULTS Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, of which two were cohort and five case-control studies. Results on the interaction were heterogeneous (I2 = 45.6%). The summary RR for interaction was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.42-1.46). There was no indication of publication bias. There was no increased risk of lung cancer among non-smoking workers exposed to DE. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested a less-than-multiplicative effect between DE exposure and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk, but the hypothesis of multiplicative interaction cannot be rejected. The small number of relevant studies and the high heterogeneity among them prevent from definite conclusions.
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11
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Cheng ES, Weber M, Steinberg J, Yu XQ. Lung cancer risk in never-smokers: An overview of environmental and genetic factors. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:548-562. [PMID: 34815629 PMCID: PMC8580800 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for 1.8 million deaths in 2020. While the vast majority are caused by tobacco smoking, 15%-25% of all lung cancer cases occur in lifelong never-smokers. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified multiple agents with sufficient evidence for lung carcinogenesis in humans, which include tobacco smoking, as well as several environmental exposures such as radon, second-hand tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollution, household combustion of coal and several occupational hazards. However, the IARC evaluation had not been stratified based on smoking status, and notably lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) has different epidemiological, clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics from lung cancer in ever-smokers. Among several risk factors proposed for the development of LCINS, environmental factors have the most available evidence for their association with LCINS and their roles cannot be overemphasized. Additionally, while initial genetic studies largely focused on lung cancer as a whole, recent studies have also identified genetic risk factors for LCINS. This article presents an overview of several environmental factors associated with LCINS, and some of the emerging evidence for genetic factors associated with LCINS. An increased understanding of the risk factors associated with LCINS not only helps to evaluate a never-smoker's personal risk for lung cancer, but also has important public health implications for the prevention and early detection of the disease. Conclusive evidence on causal associations could inform longer-term policy reform in a range of areas including occupational health and safety, urban design, energy use and particle emissions, and the importance of considering the impacts of second-hand smoke in tobacco control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Cheng
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Marianne Weber
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
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12
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Wong JY, Vermeulen R, Dai Y, Hu W, Martin WK, Warren SH, Liberatore HK, Ren D, Duan H, Niu Y, Xu J, Fu W, Meliefste K, Yang J, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bassig BA, Hosgood HD, Choi J, Rahman ML, Walker DI, Zheng Y, Mumford J, Silverman DT, Rothman N, DeMarini DM, Lan Q. Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:458-470. [PMID: 34331495 PMCID: PMC8511344 DOI: 10.1002/em.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urinary mutagenicity reflects systemic exposure to complex mixtures of genotoxic/carcinogenic agents and is linked to tumor development. Coal combustion emissions (CCE) and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) are associated with cancers of the lung and other sites, but their influence on urinary mutagenicity is unclear. We investigated associations between exposure to CCE or DEE and urinary mutagenicity. In two separate cross-sectional studies of nonsmokers, organic extracts of urine were evaluated for mutagenicity levels using strain YG1041 in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. First, we compared levels among 10 female bituminous (smoky) coal users from Laibin, Xuanwei, China, and 10 female anthracite (smokeless) coal users. We estimated exposure-response relationships using indoor air concentrations of two carcinogens in CCE relevant to lung cancer, 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Second, we compared levels among 20 highly exposed male diesel factory workers and 15 unexposed male controls; we evaluated exposure-response relationships using elemental carbon (EC) as a DEE-surrogate. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate associations. Laibin smoky coal users had significantly higher average urinary mutagenicity levels compared to smokeless coal users (28.4 ± 14.0 SD vs. 0.9 ± 2.8 SD rev/ml-eq, p = 2 × 10-5 ) and a significant exposure-response relationship with 5MC (p = 7 × 10-4 ). DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher urinary mutagenicity levels compared to unexposed controls (13.0 ± 10.1 SD vs. 5.6 ± 4.4 SD rev/ml-eq, p = .02) and a significant exposure-response relationship with EC (p-trend = 2 × 10-3 ). Exposure to CCE and DEE is associated with urinary mutagenicity, suggesting systemic exposure to mutagens, potentially contributing to cancer risk and development at various sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y.Y. Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of
Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - W. Kyle Martin
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah H. Warren
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Hannah K. Liberatore
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hong Kong University, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of
Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bryan A. Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - H. Dean Hosgood
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mohammad L. Rahman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National
Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Judy Mumford
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Debra T. Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
| | - David M. DeMarini
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch,
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville,
Maryland
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13
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Wong JYY, Cawthon R, Dai Y, Vermeulen R, Bassig BA, Hu W, Duan H, Niu Y, Downward GS, Leng S, Ji BT, Fu W, Xu J, Meliefste K, Zhou B, Yang J, Ren D, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Hosgood Iii HD, Silverman DT, Rothman N, Zheng Y, Lan Q. Elevated Alu retroelement copy number among workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:823-828. [PMID: 34039759 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of workers worldwide are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), a known genotoxic carcinogen. Alu retroelements are repetitive DNA sequences that can multiply and compromise genomic stability. There is some evidence linking altered Alu repeats to cancer and elevated mortality risks. However, whether Alu repeats are influenced by environmental pollutants is unexplored. In an occupational setting with high DEE exposure levels, we investigated associations with Alu repeat copy number. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 54 male DEE-exposed workers from an engine testing facility and a comparison group of 55 male unexposed controls was conducted in China. Personal air samples were assessed for elemental carbon, a DEE surrogate, using NIOSH Method 5040. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure Alu repeat copy number relative to albumin (Alb) single-gene copy number in leucocyte DNA. The unitless Alu/Alb ratio reflects the average quantity of Alu repeats per cell. Linear regression models adjusted for age and smoking status were used to estimate relations between DEE-exposed workers versus unexposed controls, DEE tertiles (6.1-39.0, 39.1-54.5 and 54.6-107.7 µg/m3) and Alu/Alb ratio. RESULTS DEE-exposed workers had a higher average Alu/Alb ratio than the unexposed controls (p=0.03). Further, we found a positive exposure-response relationship (p=0.02). The Alu/Alb ratio was highest among workers exposed to the top tertile of DEE versus the unexposed controls (1.12±0.08 SD vs 1.06±0.07 SD, p=0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that DEE exposure may contribute to genomic instability. Further investigations of environmental pollutants, Alu copy number and carcinogenesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George S Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baosen Zhou
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood Iii
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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14
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Wadikar DL, Farooqui MO, Middey A, Bafana A, Pakade Y, Naoghare P, Vanisree AJ, Kannan K, Sivanesan S. Assessment of occupational exposure to diesel particulate matter through evaluation of 1-nitropyrene and 1-aminopyrene in surface coal miners, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:342. [PMID: 34002328 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DPM (diesel particulate matter) is ubiquitously present in the mining environment and is known for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity to humans. However, its health effects in surface coal mines are not well studied, particularly in India. In this study, DPM exposure and corresponding exposure biomarkers were investigated in four different surface coal mines in Central India. To document and evaluate the DPM exposure in surface coal miners, we characterized 1-NP (1-nitropyrene) in the mining environment as surrogate for DPM using Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Exposure biomarkers were analyzed by collecting post work shift (8-h work shift) urine samples and determining the concentrations of 1-aminopyrene (1-AP) as a metabolite of 1-NP and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) as DNA damage marker. We observed high concentration of 1-NP (7.13-52.46 ng/m3) in all the mines compared with the earlier reported values. The average creatinine corrected 1-AP and 8OHdG levels ranged 0.07-0.43 [Formula: see text]g/g and 32.47-64.16 [Formula: see text]g/g, respectively, in different mines. We found 1-AP in majority of the mine workers' urine (55.53%) and its level was higher than that reported for general environmental exposure in earlier studies. Thus, the study finding indicates occupational exposure to DPM in all the four mines. However, the association between 1-NP level and exposure biomarkers (1-AP and 8OHdG) was inconsistent, which may be due to individual physiological variations. The data on exposure levels in this study will help to understand the epidemiological risk assessment of DPM in surface coal miners. Further biomonitoring and cohort study are needed to exactly quantify the occupational health impacts caused by DPM among coal miners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh L Wadikar
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Department of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, India
| | - M O Farooqui
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Anirban Middey
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Yogesh Pakade
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Pravin Naoghare
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - A J Vanisree
- Department of Biochemistry, Guindy Campus University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Kannan
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India.
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15
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Möhner M. RE: "REANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST AND LUNG CANCER MORTALITY IN THE DIESEL EXHAUST IN MINERS STUDY COHORT USING ALTERNATIVE EXPOSURE ESTIMATES AND RADON ADJUSTMENT" AND "DIESEL EXHAUST AND LUNG CANCER-AFTERMATH OF BECOMING AN IARC GROUP 1 CARCINOGEN". Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:484-485. [PMID: 30124752 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Möhner
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Silverman DT. SILVERMAN REPLIES. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:486-487. [PMID: 30124751 PMCID: PMC6357803 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Silverman DT. THE AUTHOR REPLIES. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:491-492. [PMID: 30192912 PMCID: PMC6357805 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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18
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Chang ET, Lau EC, Van Landingham C, Crump KS, McClellan RO, Moolgavkar SH. CHANG ET AL. REPLY. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:485-486. [PMID: 30124745 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Edmund C Lau
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | | | - Suresh H Moolgavkar
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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19
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Chang ET, Lau EC, Van Landingham C, Crump KS, McClellan RO, Moolgavkar SH. RE: "DIESEL EXHAUST AND LUNG CANCER-AFTERMATH OF BECOMING AN IARC GROUP 1 CARCINOGEN". Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:489-491. [PMID: 30192919 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Edmund C Lau
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | | | - Suresh H Moolgavkar
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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20
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Wong JYY, Bassig BA, Hu W, Seow WJ, Shiels MS, Ji BT, Downward GS, Huang Y, Yang K, Li J, He J, Chen Y, Hildesheim A, Vermeulen R, Lan Q, Rothman N. Household coal combustion, indoor air pollutants, and circulating immunologic/inflammatory markers in rural China. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:411-421. [PMID: 31084278 PMCID: PMC6594692 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1614500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate whether household bituminous ("smoky") coal use and personal exposure to combustion emissions were associated with immunologic/inflammatory marker levels. A cross-sectional study of healthy never-smoking women from rural Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China was conducted, which included 80 smoky coal and 14 anthracite ("smokeless") coal users. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was assessed using portable devices, while 67 circulating plasma immunologic/inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex bead-based assays. Multivariable linear regression models were employed to estimate associations between smoky coal versus smokeless coal use, indoor air pollutants, and immunologic/inflammatory markers. Six markers were altered among smoky coal users compared to smokeless coal, including significantly decreased interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (CXCL11/I-TAC), and increased serum amyloid P component (SAP). CXCL11/I-TAC was previously found to be reduced in workers exposed to high levels of diesel engine exhaust, which exhibits similar constituents as coal combustion emissions. Further, there was evidence that elevated PM2.5 and BaP exposure was associated with significantly diminished levels of the serum amyloid A (SAA); however, the false discovery rates (FDRs) were >0.2 after accounting for multiple comparisons. Inflammatory processes may thus mediate the carcinogenic effects attributed to smoky coal emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Wei Hu
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - George S Downward
- b Division of Environmental Epidemiology , Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Yunchao Huang
- c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital) , Kunming , China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital) , Kunming , China
| | - Jihua Li
- d Sanjiangdadao , Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention , Qujing , Yunnan , China
| | - Jun He
- d Sanjiangdadao , Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention , Qujing , Yunnan , China
| | - Ying Chen
- c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital) , Kunming , China
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- b Division of Environmental Epidemiology , Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- a Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
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