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Geurts SM, Koning IM, Finkenauer C. How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:501-520. [PMID: 37378798 PMCID: PMC10589141 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking). Data from 906 adolescents aged 11-14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Geurts
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Ina M Koning
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Lau A, Li R, Huang C, Du J, Heinzel S, Zhao M, Liu S. Self-Esteem Mediates the Effects of Loneliness on Problematic Alcohol Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37363772 PMCID: PMC10010223 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness has been associated with problematic alcohol use, but it is not known whether self-perceptions mediate this relationship. In this study, the general population in China (N = 1123) and Germany (N = 1018) was surveyed to assess whether self-esteem and self-efficacy mediate the effect of loneliness on problematic alcohol use in two culturally distinct environments. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that higher AUDIT scores were negatively associated with self-esteem (b = -0.08, p < .001). Self-esteem mediated the effect of loneliness on AUDIT score (indirect effect: 0.06, CI: 0.03 - 0.10, p < .001), while self-efficacy did not (indirect effect: 0.02, CI: -0.003 - 0.05, p = .10). These findings suggest that self-esteem explains the relationship between loneliness and problematic alcohol use. As self-esteem may be more modifiable than external social factors, these results have positive practical implications for alcohol use disorder treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruihua Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Chuanning Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Davidson L, Piatkowski T, Pocuca N, Hides L. Modelling the Relationship Between Environmental and Social Cognitive Determinants of Risky Drinking Among Emerging Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Gómez Plata M, Laghi F, Zammuto M, Pastorelli C. Refusal self-efficacy and alcohol-related behaviours in community samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Development of an individualized procedure to induce reward-related impulsivity and evaluating its impact on drinking control. Addict Behav 2022; 133:107378. [PMID: 35644056 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High impulsivity predisposes young adults to engage in hazardous alcohol use. Experimental research has shown that reward-related impulsivity is causally-related to heavier drinking. Correlational studies suggest that positive alcohol outcome expectancies mediate this effect, but causation has yet to be established. This study sought to clarify this relationship by: 1) developing a new, individualized procedure for inducing reward-related impulsivity with high generalizability; 2) experimentally manipulating positive alcohol expectancies to determine its mechanistic role in reward-related impulsivity risk for drinking. Eighty-seven young adults (67% female; Mage = 19.19, SD = 2.01) received either a covert manipulation to reduce positive alcohol expectancies (n = 43) or control (n = 44) after being administered the Individualized Reward-Seeking Induction Schedule (IRIS). The primary outcome was self-reported confidence in the ability to refuse alcohol in cued situations (drinking refusal self-efficacy). Results showed that IRIS increased reward-related impulsivity (p < .001, drm = 0.48) and reduced drinking refusal self-efficacy (p = .029, η2P = .055, ωp2 = .043). Experimentally diminishing positive alcohol expectancies had a marginal effect on the reward-seeking induction when controlling for covariates (p = .057, η2P = .044). Findings provide preliminary validation of IRIS as a new methodology for investigating the causal role of reward-related impulsivity in alcohol-related cognition and youth drinking.
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Wellman RJ, Sabiston CM, Morgenstern M. Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Beliefs and Heavy Episodic Drinking in Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010103. [PMID: 35053728 PMCID: PMC8774536 DOI: 10.3390/children9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who engage in heavy episodic drinking (HED—i.e., 5+ drinks on a single occasion) increase risks for psychopathology, alcohol dependence, and similar negative consequences in adulthood. We explored associations among depressive symptoms, positive alcohol beliefs, and progression of heavy episodic drinking (HED) in 3021 German adolescents (M(SD) age at baseline = 12.4 (1.0)) followed for 30 months in 4 waves, using a conditional parallel process linear growth model, with full information maximum likelihood estimation. By wave 4, 40.3% of participants had engaged in HED more than once; 16.4% had done so ≥5 times. Depressive symptoms were indirectly related to baseline values of HED (through positive beliefs and wave 1 drinking frequency and quantity) and to the rate of growth in HED (through positive beliefs and wave 1 quantity). Adolescents with higher levels of depressive symptoms and positive alcohol beliefs drink more frequently and at greater quantities, which is associated with initiating HED at a higher level and escalating HED more rapidly than peers with similar depressive symptoms who lack those beliefs. This suggests that, to the extent that positive alcohol beliefs can be tempered through public health campaigns, education and/or counseling, HED among depressed adolescents might be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wellman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Catherine M. Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
| | - Matthis Morgenstern
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-570-2935; Fax: +49-431-570-2929
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Liu SW, Wu CY, Lee MB, Huang MC, Chan CT, Chen CY. Prevalence and Correlates of Prescription Drug Misuse in a Nationwide Population Survey in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12961. [PMID: 34948570 PMCID: PMC8701210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a critical mental health issue relating to psychiatric morbidity. This study investigated the prevalence of PDM and its associated psychopathology and psychosocial factors in the general population in Taiwan. METHODS The survey randomly selected a representative sample >15 year-olds using the stratified proportional randomization method. The measurements included demographic variables, previous experience with PDM, self-rated physical and mental health, health self-efficacy, risk factors for suicidality, and psychological distress. RESULTS The weighted one-year prevalence of PDM was 8.5% (n = 180) among 2126 participants. Those with psychological distress and lifetime suicide ideation (23.3%) or suicide attempts (5.0%) were significantly associated with PDM. PDM was also prevalent among those with poorer self-rated health and lower self-efficacy. Insomnia (OR = 1.52), depression (OR = 1.77), and low self-efficacy (OR = 2.29) had higher odds of PDM after adjustment in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who misused prescription drugs had a higher prevalence of psychological distress and suicidality and lower levels of self-rated health. Prescription drug misuse problems should be screened for early prevention when prescribing medications for people with insomnia, depression, or lower perceived health beliefs or conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; (S.-W.L.); (M.-B.L.); (C.-T.C.)
| | - Chia-Yi Wu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- National Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Been Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; (S.-W.L.); (M.-B.L.); (C.-T.C.)
- National Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Huang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Ta Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; (S.-W.L.); (M.-B.L.); (C.-T.C.)
- National Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ying Chen
- National Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
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Wanigasooriya A, Connor JP, Young RM, Feeney GFX, Gullo MJ. Development and validation of the Stimulant Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SRSEQ) in stimulant users in treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109069. [PMID: 34619602 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-efficacy is a core component of Social Cognitive Theory. Refusal self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to refuse a substance in specific high-risk situations. Change in refusal self-efficacy is predictive of positive treatment outcomes. Measurement of refusal self-efficacy is critical as it directs coping skills development techniques though existing behavioural treatments. There is no validated measure of stimulant refusal self-efficacy. This study developed and validated the Stimulant Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SRSEQ) to measure confidence in the ability to refuse stimulants in specific high-risk situations. METHOD Two hundred and seven stimulant-using patients referred for assessment completed the SRSEQ and measures including stimulant dependence severity (Severity of Dependence Scale-Stimulant, SDS-S). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to test the theoretically-driven three-factor structure of the SRSEQ. Criterion validity was tested with severity of stimulant dependence. RESULTS The CFA supported the three-factor structure. Emotional Relief (β = -0.27, p = .008), Opportunistic (β = -0.24, p = .013) and Social Facilitation (β = -0.32, p < .001) refusal self-efficacy were uniquely associated with stimulant dependence severity, explaining 55.1% variance. CONCLUSIONS The SRSEQ is psychometrically sound and may be clinically useful to assist with assessment and treatment planning for stimulant use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wanigasooriya
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gerald F X Feeney
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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9
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Shadur JM, Felton JW, Lejuez CW. Alcohol use and perceived drinking risk trajectories across adolescence: the role of alcohol expectancies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Greene D, Boyes M, Hasking P. Comparing the roles of behaviour-specific beliefs in the associations between alexithymia and both non-suicidal self-injury and risky drinking: A multi-method assessment of expectancies. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Understanding alcohol-specific antecedents among Chinese vocational school adolescents. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106483. [PMID: 32540631 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use among Chinese vocational school students is widespread and associated with many negative consequences. However, alcohol-specific antecedents for this population are understudied. OBJECTIVES The current study explored: (a) which alcohol-specific antecedents are the most salient predictors for alcohol use intentions, (b) whether any mediational relationships exist among these alcohol-specific antecedents, and (c) whether gender-based differences exist among these relationships. METHODS This study analyzed data from 1,230 vocational school adolescents in three Chinese cities. Survey data were analyzed using dominance analysis and structural equation modeling. RESULTS Personal norms were the most salient antecedents for alcohol use intentions, followed by injunctive norms from friends and parents, descriptive norms from friends and classmates, and positive belief about drinking. We observed a statistically significant mediational chain from descriptive norms to injunctive norms, and in turn to personal norms and positive beliefs, and finally to alcohol use intentions. Gender moderated some of the paths. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use norms and beliefs among Chinese vocational school students have distinct predictive relationships with alcohol use intentions. Alcohol use prevention programs designed for this population need to address normative beliefs (descriptive, injunctive, and personal norms) and the perceived benefit of alcohol use.
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Kang Y, Hur Y. Psychometric evaluation of drinking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire-shortened revised adolescent in Laos. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:997-1009. [PMID: 32915099 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1815115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of Lao version of Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Shortened Revised Adolescent (L-DRSEQ-SRA). A total of 406 Laotian adolescents from six lower secondary schools, were randomly selected for the evaluation of the following psychometric properties. The original factor model was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis in Lao adolescents, the convergent and discriminant validity were found appropriate. The mean score of L-DRSEQ-SRA in the non-drinking group was significantly higher than in the drinking group. The L-DRSEQ-SRA showed acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The psychometric characteristics of the L-DRSEQ-SRA were established throughout this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujin Hur
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee CK, Corte C, Stein KF, Feng JY, Liao LL. Alcohol-related cognitive mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol use and alcohol problems: Outcome expectancy, self-schema, and self-efficacy. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106349. [PMID: 32078890 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to empirically test a theoretical model to determine the cognitive mechanisms that are associated with adolescent alcohol use and alcohol problems. We posited that alcohol outcome expectancies would affect alcohol-refusal self-efficacy through the drinker self-schema. We also posited that alcohol outcome expectancies and the drinker self-schema would affect alcohol use and problems through alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. METHODS A survey was administered to 225 adolescents in a public junior high school in Taiwan at two-time points, six months apart. Path analysis was used to determine the mechanisms underlying the alcohol-related cognitive constructs on the alcohol use and alcohol problems separately, controlling for appropriate alcohol-related personal and environmental factors. Indirect effects were estimated using the bootstrapping method. RESULTS Higher positive alcohol outcome expectancies and lower negative alcohol outcome expectancies predicted higher drinker self-schema scores. Higher positive alcohol outcome expectancies and drinker self-schema scores predicted lower alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. Lower alcohol-refusal self-efficacy was associated with a history of drinking and alcohol problems in the past six months. Effects of alcohol outcome expectancies on alcohol use and alcohol problems were partially mediated through the drinker self-schema and alcohol-refusal self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the proposed theoretical cognitive mechanisms underlying alcohol use and alcohol problems in a sample of Taiwanese adolescents. Given that alcohol-related cognitive constructs are modifiable, the findings also provide a foundation to suggest that interventions to reduce positive alcohol outcome expectations and prevent the formation of a drinker self-schema may facilitate alcohol-refusal self-efficacy and mitigate drinking behaviors in this adolescent population.
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Adolescents' Alcohol Use in Botellon and Attitudes towards Alcohol Use and Prevention Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113885. [PMID: 32486276 PMCID: PMC7312522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a common drug misused by young people worldwide. Previous studies have found that attitudes towards heavy consumption are stronger predictors than general norms concerning alcohol. This study aims to explore adolescents’ alcohol use and drunkenness, to understand adolescents’ attitudes towards alcohol use, drunkenness and prevention approaches, and to explore associations between attitudes and personal alcohol use and demographics. Methods: Cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 410 adolescents (61.2% women) who were socializing at night in the streets of Palma (Spain). Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC), self-reported measures of alcohol use and social variables were assessed. Results: 70.7% of respondents had a BrAC score higher than 0. The full sample reported having a mean of 3.9 drunk episodes in the last month, and a mean of 7.34 in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A total of 30.7% were under the minimum age limit for alcohol drinking in Spain and males showed higher BrAC than females. Bivariate analyses identified some differences in attitudes across participant demographics and personal alcohol use. In conclusion, we found high levels of alcohol use and drunkenness amongst adolescents, and adolescents’ attitudes towards drunkenness and prevention approaches were associated with their alcohol consumption as well as with age.
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Anderson LE, Connor JP, Voisey J, Young RM, Gullo MJ. The unique role of attachment dimensions and peer drinking in adolescent alcohol use. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A Multilevel Study of Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: Self-Efficacy, Peers' Motivations and Protective Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162827. [PMID: 31398815 PMCID: PMC6720189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In both developing and underdeveloped countries there has been a worrying increase in the number of young people drinking alcohol; this public health problem warrants more research. This multilevel study analyzed the influence of drinking refusal self-efficacy, peers’ motivation, and protective behavioral strategies as predictors of alcohol consumption in a sample of 261 young people arranged into 52 social groups (peers who regularly shared leisure activities). A series of questionnaires were administered individually to evaluate beliefs and behaviors related to alcohol consumption at both individual level (drinking refusal self-efficacy) and peer level (enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies). The results showed that the individual variable (drinking refusal self-efficacy) predicted alcohol consumption behaviors. The multilevel design allowed us to evaluate the direct and moderated effects of peers’ enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies on the relationship between self-efficacy and drinking behavior. These results show the importance of developing cognitive, behavioral, and educational intervention programs to increase young people and university students’ confidence and ability to use protective strategies, in order to reduce alcohol use.
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A Causal Model of Binge Drinking Among University Students in Northern Thailand. J Addict Nurs 2019; 30:14-23. [PMID: 30829996 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking, an extreme drinking pattern and the most common form of hazardous alcohol consumption among university students, has remained a public health concern with physical, psychological, academic, and social problems. Tracking multiple factors is needed to find ways to deal with such hazardous drinking patterns and their adverse consequences. In Thailand, the particular factors leading to binge drinking patterns among university students are still not recognized. Four hundred thirteen university students in Northern Thailand self-administered a Web-based survey about the causal factors. The survey was based on a hypothesized model from the Social Ecological Model and from empirical studies. There were four factors that were hypothesized to directly increase binge drinking behavior: attitudes toward drinking, peer influence, physical environments of drinking, and alcohol advertisements. However, there were another four factors that were hypothesized to directly decrease binge drinking behavior: drinking refusal self-efficacy, university alcohol regulations, alcohol public policies, and knowledge. Through testing of the hypothesized model by Structural Equation Modeling, the causal model of binge drinking among Thai university students revealed "binge drinking refusal self-efficacy" (β = -.22, p < .001) and "peer influence" (β = -.14, p < .05) as significant negative factors and "physical environments" (β = .18, p < .001) as a positive predictor regarding binge drinking. The study shows how healthcare providers may be able to lessen binge drinking by designing effective prevention programs centering on an intrapersonal factor (binge drinking refusal self-efficacy), an interpersonal factor (peer influence), and a community factor (physical environments).
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Weymouth BB, Fosco GM, Feinberg ME. Nurturant-involved parenting and adolescent substance use: Examining an internalizing pathway through adolescent social anxiety symptoms and substance refusal efficacy. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:247-260. [PMID: 29212564 PMCID: PMC5991983 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Research has clearly established the important role of parents in preventing substance use among early adolescents. Much of this work has focused on deviance (e.g., antisocial behavior, delinquency, and oppositional behavior) as a central pathway linking parenting behaviors and early adolescent substance use. This study proposed an alternative pathway; using a four-wave longitudinal design, we examined whether nurturant-involved parenting (Fall sixth grade) was inversely associated with adolescent drunkenness, marijuana use, and cigarette use (eighth grade) through social anxiety symptoms (Spring sixth grade) and subsequent decreases in substance refusal efficacy (seventh grade). Nurturant-involved parenting is characterized by warmth, supportiveness, low hostility, and low rejection. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 687 two-parent families. Results indicated that adolescents who were in families where fathers exhibited lower levels of nurturant-involved parenting experienced subsequent increases in social anxiety symptoms and decreased efficacy to refuse substances, which in turn was related to more frequent drunkenness, cigarette use, and marijuana use. Indirect effects are discussed. Findings were not substantiated for mothers' parenting. Adolescent gender did not moderate associations. The results highlight an additional pathway through which parenting influences youth substance use and links social anxiety symptoms to reduced substance refusal efficacy.
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Alexander JD, Myers MG, Anderson KG. Drinking refusal self-efficacy: Impacts on outcomes from a multi-site early intervention trial. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019; 28:403-410. [PMID: 34239280 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines relationships between drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) and outcomes in Project Options (PO), an adolescent alcohol use early intervention. 1171 US high school students (39.3% Hispanic, 59.3% girls) participated in PO, reporting their demographics, alcohol use, and drinking reduction efforts at baseline, 30 days and three months later. Items from the Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire for Adolescents (DTCQ-A) assessed DRSE. DRSE corresponded negatively with drinking at 30 days and, among drinkers, predicted fewer use reduction attempts at 30 days and three months. Results indicate that, unlike in treatment settings, DRSE may not correspond to improved early intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark G Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristen G Anderson
- Adolescent Health Research Program, Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
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DiBello AM, Miller MB, Carey KB. Self-Efficacy to Limit Drinking Mediates the Association between Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2400-2408. [PMID: 31434546 PMCID: PMC6883163 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1653322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Personal attitudes toward alcohol consumption are reliable predictors of alcohol use and related problems, with emerging work suggesting that one's favorable attitude toward limited drinking (i.e., at levels below the threshold for heavy episodic drinking) is a buffer against alcohol use and binge drinking. However, little work has examined the specific mechanism(s) through which one's personal attitude toward limited drinking is associated with alcohol use and related problems. One such mechanism may be an individual's self-efficacy to limit their alcohol use. The current study aimed to evaluate whether self-efficacy to limit one's alcohol use mediates the association between one's personal attitude toward limited drinking and actual alcohol use and related problems over time. Participants were mandated students (n = 568; 28% female) who violated campus alcohol policy and received a brief motivational intervention. Mediation models were used to test (a) self-efficacy to limit one's alcohol use as a traditional mediator of the attitudes-drinking quantity association and (b) self-efficacy and drinking quantity as serial mediators of the attitudes-alcohol-problems link. Favorable attitudes toward limiting drinking at baseline were positively associated with self-efficacy to limit drinking at 1 month, which was associated with a reduction in drinking quantity at 3 months; this, in turn, was associated with a reduction in alcohol-related problems at 5 months. These findings provide a rationale for incorporating attitudes and self-efficacy in the development and refinement of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Patton KA, Gullo MJ, Connor JP, Chan GC, Kelly AB, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Social cognitive mediators of the relationship between impulsivity traits and adolescent alcohol use: Identifying unique targets for prevention. Addict Behav 2018; 84:79-85. [PMID: 29631094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Patton K, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Measuring adolescent drinking-refusal self-efficacy: Development and validation of the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Shortened Adolescent version (DRSEQ-SRA). Addict Behav 2018; 81:70-77. [PMID: 29432915 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop and validate a shortened version of the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-RA) using a large sample of adolescents. METHODS Secondary school students (N = 2609, M = 14.52 years, SD = 0.94) completed the DRSEQ-RA (consisting of subscales: Social Pressure; Opportunistic; Emotional Relief) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). These data were analysed using non-parametric item response theory (NIRT) including Mokken scalability coefficients, and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Social Pressure subscale items were better able to distinguish between adolescents with lower or higher levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy, while the Opportunistic and Emotional Relief subscale items were able to distinguish adolescents with low drinking-refusal self-efficacy. The DRSEQ-RA was reduced from 19-items to a 9-item scale and retained the original three-factor structure. The reduced scale was named the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Shortened Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-SRA). The DRSEQ-RA and the DRSEQ-SRA have almost identical psychometric properties. They both demonstrated good fit to the data, each explained 18% of the variance in alcohol consumption, Adj. R2 = 0.18, p < .001 respectively. The DRSEQ-RA and the DRSEQ-SRA also have excellent scale and subscale internal reliability (αs = 0.92-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The DRSEQ-SRA is a short, 9-item, measure of adolescent drinking-refusal self-efficacy which demonstrates both reliability and validity. A significant advantage is brevity. The DRSEQ-SRA may be a valuable tool for identifying risk of adolescent drinking and prevention/treatment planning in settings where survey administration time is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Patton
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Timo Dietrich
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia; Department of Marketing, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on exploring the association of self-efficacy and suicidal behaviour. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between health-related self-efficacy and suicidality outcomes, including lifetime/recent suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts and future intent of suicide. METHODS A computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) system was used to draw potential respondents aged over 15 in Taiwan via telephone numbers, which were selected by a stratified proportional randomization method according to the distribution of population size in different geographic areas of Taiwan. We obtained available information on suicide behaviours for the analysis of 2110 participants. Logistic regression was applied to investigate the independent effect of health-related self-efficacy on life-time suicidal thoughts and attempts. RESULTS Suicidality measured as suicide ideation and attempted suicide was reported as 12.6 and 2.7% respectively in the sample. Among those with suicide ideation, 9.8% had thoughts of future suicide intent. Female gender, low education, people living alone or separated, history of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, poor self-rated mental health and physical health were associated with suicidality factors. Low health-related self-efficacy was associated with lifetime suicide ideation, prior suicide attempt and future suicidal intent. Among those with recent suicidal ideation, low health self-efficacy was independently associated with future suicide intent after adjustment of gender, age, education, marital status, substance abuse, psychological distress, poor mental and physical health. CONCLUSION Health-related self-efficacy was associated with suicide risks across different time points from prior ideation to future intention. Evaluation of the progress of self-efficacy in health may be long-term targets of intervention in suicide prevention strategies.
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Leightley D, Puddephatt JA, Goodwin L, Rona R, Fear NT. InDEx: Open Source iOS and Android Software for Self-Reporting and Monitoring of Alcohol Consumption. JOURNAL OF OPEN RESEARCH SOFTWARE 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29795769 PMCID: PMC5961935 DOI: 10.5334/jors.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
InDEx is a software package for reporting and monitoring alcohol consumption via a smartphone application. Consumption of alcohol is self-reported by the user, and the app provides a visual representation of drinking behaviour and offers feedback on consumption levels compared to the general population. InDEx is intended as an exemplar app, operating as a standalone smartphone application and is highly customisable for a variety of research domains. InDEx is written in JavaScript, using IONIC framework which is cross-platform and is available under the liberal GNU General Public License (v3). The software is available from GitHub (https://github.com/DrDanL/index-app-public).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leightley
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, GB
| | | | - Laura Goodwin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, GB
| | - Roberto Rona
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, GB
| | - Nicola T. Fear
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, GB
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, GB
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Smit K, Voogt C, Hiemstra M, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Kuntsche E. Development of alcohol expectancies and early alcohol use in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 60:136-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Patton KA, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Validation of the Adolescent Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire and development of a short form. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37:396-405. [PMID: 28544257 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to validate the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent version (DEQ-A) in a large adolescent sample and to develop and validate a brief measure, the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire-Shortened Adolescent version (DEQ-SA). DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey of secondary school students (n = 2357, aged 13-16, M = 14.66 years, SD = 0.60). Students completed the DEQ-A in school, and measures of alcohol consumption including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. The data were randomly split, and Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using subsample 1, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability and validity testing were performed using subsample 2. RESULTS The 24-item DEQ-A was successfully reduced to 12 items (DEQ-SA) without compromising psychometric properties. The DEQ-A and the DEQ-SA both demonstrated adequate-to-good fit to the data and very good internal reliability. The DEQ-A and DEQ-SA explained 20 and 18% of the variance in alcohol consumption. Adolescents who drank endorsed more positive alcohol expectancies, whereas alcohol-naïve adolescents scored higher on negative alcohol expectancies. As the DEQ-SA comprises two subscales of the DEQ-A, the endorsement rates are applicable to both scales. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The DEQ-A and the short form of this scale developed in this study (DEQ-SA) show good reliability, internal structure and account for a large proportion of variance in alcohol consumption. Both scales can assist in targeting cognitive change processes within tailored alcohol prevention and treatment approaches, and investigating hypothesised mechanisms of change. The DEQ-SA is recommended for more time-limited environments. [Patton KA, Connor JP, Rundle-Thiele S, Dietrich T, Young RM, Gullo MJ. Validation of the Adolescent Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire and development of a short form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri A Patton
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timo Dietrich
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Gullo MJ, Matveeva M, Feeney GFX, Young RM, Connor JP. Social cognitive predictors of treatment outcome in cannabis dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 170:74-81. [PMID: 27883947 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-related outcomes expectancies and refusal self-efficacy are core components of Social Cognitive Theory. Both predict treatment outcome in alcohol use disorders. Few studies have reported expectancies and refusal self-efficacy in cannabis dependence. None have examined both, although both constructs are key targets in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT). This study tests the predictive role of expectancies and refusal self-efficacy in treatment outcome for cannabis dependence. DESIGN Outpatients completed a comprehensive assessment when commencing cannabis treatment and predictors of treatment outcome were tested. SETTING A university hospital alcohol and drug outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS 221 cannabis-dependent patients participated in a 6-week CBT program where the goal was abstinence. MEASUREMENTS Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire and Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, cannabis dependence severity [Severity of Dependence Scale], psychological distress [General Health Questionnaire] at baseline; the timeline follow-back procedure at baseline and each session. FINDINGS Patients reporting lower confidence in their ability to resist cannabis during high negative affect (emotional relief refusal self-efficacy) had a lower likelihood of abstinence (p=0.004), more days of use (p<0.001), and larger amount used (p<0.001). Negative cannabis expectancies predicted greater likelihood of abstinence (p=0.024). Higher positive expectancies were associated with lower emotional relief self-efficacy, mediating its association with outcome (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Emotional relief refusal self-efficacy and negative expectancies are predictive of better treatment outcomes for cannabis dependence. Positive expectancies may indirectly predict poorer outcome because of a negative association with self-efficacy, but this conclusion remains tentative as directionality could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Marya Matveeva
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gerald F X Feeney
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Alcohol misuse in emerging adulthood: Association of dopamine and serotonin receptor genes with impulsivity-related cognition. Addict Behav 2016; 63:29-36. [PMID: 27399274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity predicts alcohol misuse and risk for alcohol use disorder. Cognition mediates much of this association. Genes also account for a large amount of variance in alcohol misuse, with dopamine and serotonin receptor genes of particular interest, because of their role in motivated behavior. The precise psychological mechanisms through which such genes confer risk is unclear. Trait impulsivity conveys risk for alcohol misuse by influencing two distinct domains of cognition: beliefs about the reinforcing effects of alcohol consumption (positive alcohol expectancy) and the perceived ability to resist it (drinking refusal self-efficacy). This study investigated the effect of the dopamine-related polymorphism in the DRD2/ANKK1 gene (rs1800497) and a serotonin-related polymorphism in the HTR2A gene (rs6313) on associations between impulsivity, cognition, and alcohol misuse in 120 emerging adults (18-21years). HTR2A predicted lower positive alcohol expectancy, higher refusal self-efficacy, and lower alcohol misuse. However, neither polymorphism moderated the linkages between impulsivity, cognition, and alcohol misuse. This is the first report of an association between HTR2A and alcohol-related cognition. Theoretically-driven biopsychosocial models have potential to elucidate the specific cognitive mechanisms through which distal risk factors like genes and temperament affect alcohol misuse in emerging adulthood.
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Rivarola Montejano G, Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Brussino SA, Pautassi RM. Modelo de predisposición adquirida para el uso de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sumpsi.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schellhas L, Ostafin BD, Palfai TP, de Jong PJ. How to think about your drink: Action-identification and the relation between mindfulness and dyscontrolled drinking. Addict Behav 2016; 56:51-6. [PMID: 26812278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional and intervention research have shown that mindfulness is inversely associated with difficulties in controlling alcohol use. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms through which mindfulness is related to increased control over drinking. One potential mechanism consists of the way individuals represent their drinking behaviour. Action identification theory proposes that self-control of behaviour is improved by shifting from high-level representations regarding the meaning of a behaviour to lower-level representations regarding "how-to" aspects of a behaviour. Because mindfulness involves present-moment awareness, it may help to facilitate such shifts. We hypothesized that an inverse relation between mindfulness and dyscontrolled drinking would be partially accounted for by the way individuals mentally represent their drinking behaviour - i.e., reduced levels of high-level action identification and increased levels of low-level action identification. One hundred and twenty five undergraduate psychology students completed self-report measures of mindful awareness, action identification of alcohol use, and difficulty in controlling alcohol use. Results supported the hypothesis that high-level action identification partially mediates the relation between mindfulness and dyscontrolled drinking but did not support a mediating role for low-level action identification. These results suggest that mindfulness can improve self-control of alcohol by changing the way we think about our drinking behaviour.
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Chair SY, Wong KB, Tang JYM, Wang Q, Cheng HY. Social support as a predictor of diet and exercise self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery disease. Contemp Nurse 2016; 51:188-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2016.1171726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Does low coping efficacy mediate the association between negative life events and incident psychopathology? A prospective-longitudinal community study among adolescents and young adults. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2016; 25:171-80. [PMID: 25712151 PMCID: PMC6998670 DOI: 10.1017/s204579601500013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To prospectively examine whether negative life events (NLE) and low perceived coping efficacy (CE) increase the risk for the onset of various forms of psychopathology and low CE mediates the associations between NLE and incident mental disorders. METHODS A representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 3017, aged 14-24 at baseline) was prospectively followed up in up to three assessment waves over 10 years. Anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were assessed at each wave using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. NLE and CE were assessed at baseline with the Munich Event List and the Scale for Self-Control and Coping Skills. Associations (odds ratios, OR) of NLE and CE at baseline with incident mental disorders at follow-up were estimated using logistic regressions adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS NLE at baseline predicted the onset of any disorder, any anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs at follow-up (OR 1.02-1.09 per one NLE more). When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, merely the associations of NLE with any anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia and any substance use disorder remained significant (OR 1.02-1.07). Low CE at baseline predicted the onset of any disorder, any anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs at follow-up (OR 1.16-1.72 per standard deviation). When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, only the associations of low CE with any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs remained significant (OR 1.15-1.64). Low CE explained 9.46, 13.39, 12.65 and 17.31% of the associations between NLE and any disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes and dysthymia, respectively. When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, the reductions in associations for any depression (9.77%) and major depressive episodes (9.40%) remained significant, while the reduction in association for dysthymia was attenuated to non-significance (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NLE and low perceived CE elevate the risk for various incident mental disorders and that low CE partially mediates the association between NLE and incident depression. Subjects with NLE might thus profit from targeted early interventions strengthening CE to prevent the onset of depression.
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are common in developed countries, where alcohol is cheap, readily available, and heavily promoted. Common, mild disorders often remit in young adulthood, but more severe disorders can become chronic and need long-term medical and psychological management. Doctors are uniquely placed to opportunistically assess and manage alcohol use disorders, but in practice diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Brief behavioural intervention is effective in primary care for hazardous drinkers and individuals with mild disorders. Brief interventions could also encourage early entry to treatment for people with more-severe illness who are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Sustained abstinence is the optimum outcome for severe disorder. The stigma that discourages treatment seeking needs to be reduced, and pragmatic approaches adopted for patients who initially reject abstinence as a goal. To engage people in one or more psychological and pharmacological treatments of equivalent effectiveness is more important than to advocate a specific treatment. A key research priority is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of most affected people who have comorbid mental and other drug use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Addictions Department, King's College London, London, UK.
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Predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences in adolescents: A systematic review of the literature and implications for future research. J Adolesc 2016; 48:18-35. [PMID: 26871952 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining risk and protective factors of alcohol related negative consequences (ARNCs) among adolescents. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of original empirical articles published between January 1, 1990 and June 1, 2015. The qualitative synthesis was performed using the Theory of Triadic Influence as a framework. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were reviewed. Intrapersonal (e.g., personality traits, drinking motives and expectancies, depression), interpersonal (e.g., parental and peer alcohol use, violence exposure) and attitudinal factors (e.g., media exposure to alcohol, religiosity) influence ARNCs. Emerging evidence of new trends contributing to ARNCs include ready mixed alcohol drinks and childhood trauma and abuse. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors from all domains of influence were observed. More research is needed on protective factors and how alcohol use interacts with preventive factors in predicting ARNCs. The conceptualization of negative consequences varies significantly between studies and may impact the external validity of previous research.
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The road to drink is paved with high intentions: Expectancies, refusal self-efficacy, and intentions among heavy drinking college students. Alcohol 2016; 50:65-71. [PMID: 26810041 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of drinking intentions (DI) on alcohol expectancies (AE) and drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) in regard to alcohol consumption among heavy drinking undergraduates. Research shows that DRSE buffers against drinking (Young, Hasking, Oei, & Loveday, 2007) and interacts with AE to predict alcohol consumption (Oei & Burrow, 2000). Studies further show that DI is predicted by DRSE (Norman, 2011) and AE (Fleming, Thorson, & Atkin, 2004). However, additional research is needed to understand DI's influence on both DRSE and AE among heavy college drinkers. This research included 344 heavy drinking college students (mean age = 23.06 years, SD = 5.61, 74.71% female) from a large southern university who completed study material as part of a larger intervention. Findings showed that DI, DRSE, and AE interacted with respect to heavy drinking such that DRSE was negatively associated with alcohol consumption, particularly among those low in positive AE and high in negative AE. This relationship was stronger among individuals low in DI relative to those high in DI. DI seems to be an important factor influencing heavy drinking among undergraduate students. Present findings further support DI's associations with heavy drinking, regardless of an individual's DRSE or AE. Implications of this research suggest that it may be beneficial for interventions to target specific aspects of AE, including anxious drinking.
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Quinn C, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Weier M, Hall WD. Rural and Urban Differences in Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alcohol Supply, and Parental Drinking. J Rural Health 2015; 32:280-6. [PMID: 26450773 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use is more prevalent in rural than urban areas in adult populations. Few studies have focused on adolescent drinking. This study investigated if adolescents in regional and rural areas of Australia were more likely to drink alcohol and if there were differences in parental drinking and alcohol supply across regions. METHODS A subsample from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2013, the largest nationally representative household survey on drug use in Australia, was used for this study. Participants who were aged 12-17 (N = 1,159) and participants who indicated they were parents or guardians of a dependent child (N = 7,059) were included in the analyses. Key measures were adolescent and parental alcohol use, parental supply of alcohol, and drinking location. FINDINGS Compared to those living in major cities, adolescents from inner regional and rural areas were at 85% and 121% higher odds, respectively, of obtaining their first alcohol from parents, and at 131% and 287% higher odds of currently obtaining their alcohol from their parents. Those from rural areas were at 126% higher odds of drinking in the past 12 months. Parents from inner regional and rural areas were at 45% and 63% higher odds, respectively, of heavy drinking; at 27% and 52% higher odds of weekly drinking; and at 26% and 37% higher odds of drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents from rural areas were at higher risk of alcohol use. Parents in rural areas were more likely to use alcohol in ways that encourage adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Weier
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,National Addiction Centre, Kings College, London, UK
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Dietrich T, Rundle-Thiele S, Schuster L, Drennan J, Russell-Bennett R, Leo C, Gullo MJ, Connor JP. Differential segmentation responses to an alcohol social marketing program. Addict Behav 2015; 49:68-77. [PMID: 26086082 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to establish whether meaningful subgroups exist within a 14-16 year old adolescent population and if these segments respond differently to the Game On: Know Alcohol (GOKA) intervention, a school-based alcohol social marketing program. METHODOLOGY This study is part of a larger cluster randomized controlled evaluation of the GOKA program implemented in 14 schools in 2013/2014. TwoStep cluster analysis was conducted to segment 2,114 high school adolescents (14-16 years old) on the basis of 22 demographic, behavioral, and psychographic variables. Program effects on knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, social norms, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self-efficacy of identified segments were subsequently examined. RESULTS Three segments were identified: (1) Abstainers, (2) Bingers, and (3) Moderate Drinkers. Program effects varied significantly across segments. The strongest positive change effects post-participation were observed for Bingers, while mixed effects were evident for Moderate Drinkers and Abstainers. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary empirical evidence supporting the application of social marketing segmentation in alcohol education programs. Development of targeted programs that meet the unique needs of each of the three identified segments will extend the social marketing footprint in alcohol education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Dietrich
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Lisa Schuster
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Judy Drennan
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Rebekah Russell-Bennett
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Cheryl Leo
- School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research and Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Alcohol is the substance most frequently abused by children and adolescents in the United States, and its use is associated with the leading causes of death and serious injury at this age (ie, motor vehicle accidents, homicides, and suicides). Among youth who drink, the proportion who drink heavily is higher than among adult drinkers, increasing from approximately 50% in those 12 to 14 years of age to 72% among those 18 to 20 years of age. In this clinical report, the definition, epidemiology, and risk factors for binge drinking; the neurobiology of intoxication, blackouts, and hangovers; genetic considerations;and adverse outcomes are discussed. The report offers guidance for the pediatrician. As with any high-risk behavior, prevention plays a more important role than later intervention and has been shown to be more effective. In the pediatric office setting, it is important to ask every adolescent about alcohol use.
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Di Blasi M, Pavia L, Cavani P, Lo Verso G, Schimmenti A. Cannabis Use and Social Anxiety in Adolescence: The Role of Facilitation Expectancies. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.872066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Conroy D, Sparks P, de Visser R. Efficacy of a non-drinking mental simulation intervention for reducing student alcohol consumption. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 20:688-707. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hasking P, Boyes M, Mullan B. Reward and Cognition: Integrating Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Drinking Behavior. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1316-24. [PMID: 25706443 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1005315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory have been applied to understanding drinking behavior. We propose that theoretical relationships between these models support an integrated approach to understanding alcohol use and misuse. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test an integrated model in which the relationships between reward sensitivity and drinking behavior (alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and symptoms of dependence) were mediated by alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. METHODS Online questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest were completed by 443 Australian adults (M age = 26.40, sd = 1.83) in 2013 and 2014. RESULTS Path analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects and implicated two pathways to drinking behavior with differential outcomes. Drinking refusal self-efficacy both in social situations and for emotional relief was related to alcohol consumption. Sensitivity to reward was associated with alcohol-related problems, but operated through expectations of increased confidence and personal belief in the ability to limit drinking in social situations. Conversely, sensitivity to punishment operated through negative expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy for emotional relief to predict symptoms of dependence. CONCLUSIONS Two pathways relating reward sensitivity, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self-efficacy may underlie social and dependent drinking, which has implications for development of intervention to limit harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hasking
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Mark Boyes
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
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Souza LASD, Torres ARR, Barbosa GA, Lima TJSD, Souza LECD. Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between subjective well-being and general health of military cadets. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:2309-2319. [PMID: 25493985 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00177513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the role of self-efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being and general health of military cadets (police and firefighters). For this study, 228 cadets participated, the majority being Military Police officer candidates (65%), male (79%), between 17 and 34 years of age (99%), and unmarried (74%). They responded to questionnaires on general health (GHQ-12), perceived general self-efficacy, to the multiple scales that cover subjective well-being, and demographic questions. Initial regression analyses indicate the predictive power of subject well-being regarding general health. Subsequently, the mediation analyses provide satisfactory evidence for the role of perceived self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being variables and the overall health of military cadets. The implications of these results for the professional training of the cadets are discussed.
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Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Miles JNV, Ewing BA, Shih RA, D’Amico EJ. Alcohol and marijuana use in middle school: comparing solitary and social-only users. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:744-9. [PMID: 25223477 PMCID: PMC4252711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Middle school students with a history of solitary substance use are at elevated risk for substance problems by young adulthood. Understanding how these students differ from social-only users on substance use behaviors and consequences, normative beliefs, social influences, and attitudes can inform efforts to reduce solitary use and its related negative consequences. METHODS Sixth- to seventh-grade students completed an in-school survey. We compared those with a history of solitary versus social-only alcohol use (n = 202 and n = 616, respectively) and marijuana use (n = 92 and n = 208, respectively) on a range of substance use-related characteristics. RESULTS Any solitary use was reported by 25% of lifetime alcohol users and 31% of lifetime marijuana users. Those with a history of solitary use of either substance were more likely to hold positive expectancies about their use but also reported more negative consequences during the past year. Solitary users tended to have greater exposure to substance-using peers and more difficulty resisting offers to use. Compared with social-only drinkers, those with a history of solitary drinking perceived that more of their peers were alcohol users. Significant group differences were not found on negative outcome expectancies or attempts to cut down on substance use. CONCLUSIONS Solitary use is an important, yet, overlooked problem among middle school students who have just begun drinking or using marijuana. Results suggest that positive expectancies, peer influences, resistance self-efficacy, and normative beliefs may be important areas to target in reducing solitary use and the risk it poses for problematic use in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Eric R. Pedersen
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Jeremy N. V. Miles
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Brett A. Ewing
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
| | - Regina A. Shih
- RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050
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Gullo MJ, St John N, McD Young R, Saunders JB, Noble EP, Connor JP. Impulsivity-related cognition in alcohol dependence: Is it moderated by DRD2/ANKK1 gene status and executive dysfunction? Addict Behav 2014; 39:1663-1669. [PMID: 24629326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perceived impaired control over alcohol use is a key cognitive construct in alcohol dependence that has been related prospectively to treatment outcome and may mediate the risk for problem drinking conveyed by impulsivity in non-dependent drinkers. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether perceived impaired control may mediate the association between impulsivity-related measures (derived from the Short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised) and alcohol-dependence severity in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Furthermore, the extent to which this hypothesized relationship was moderated by genetic risk (Taq1A polymorphism in the DRD2/ANKK1 gene cluster) and verbal fluency as an indicator of executive cognitive ability (Controlled Oral Word Association Test) was also examined. A sample of 143 alcohol-dependent inpatients provided an extensive clinical history of their alcohol use, gave 10ml of blood for DNA analysis, and completed self-report measures relating to impulsivity, impaired control and severity of dependence. As hypothesized, perceived impaired control (partially) mediated the association between impulsivity-related measures and alcohol-dependence severity. This relationship was not moderated by the DRD2/ANKK1 polymorphism or verbal fluency. These results suggest that, in alcohol dependence, perceived impaired control is a cognitive mediator of impulsivity-related constructs that may be unaffected by DRD2/ANKK1 and neurocognitive processes underlying the retrieval of verbal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Nathan St John
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - John B Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ernest P Noble
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, K Floor, Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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45
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Using media exposure to predict the initiation and persistence of youth alcohol use in Taiwan. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2014; 25:386-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Foster DW, Yeung N, Neighbors C. I think I can't: drink refusal self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between self-reported drinking identity and alcohol use. Addict Behav 2014; 39:461-8. [PMID: 24220248 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between self-reported drinking identity (SRDI), defined as how closely individuals believe drinking is a crucial aspect of their identity (Conner, Warren, Close, & Sparks, 1999), and alcohol use by considering drink-refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) as a potential mediator. Based on previous findings, we expected that SRDI would be negatively associated with DRSE and positively associated with drinking, and that DRSE would be negatively linked with drinking. Further, we expected that DRSE would mediate the association between SRDI and drinking. Participants included 1069 undergraduate students (M age=22.93years, SD=6.29, 76.25% female) from a large southern university who completed computer-based study materials. Gender was associated with SRDI, each of the DRSE subscales, and drinking, indicating that males report greater SRDI, lower DRSE, and increased alcohol consumption. Consistent with expectations, SRDI was negatively linked with DRSE and positively linked with drinking. DRSE subscales were negatively associated with drinking. Further, four measurement models for latent variables were tested for SRDI and each of the three DRSE subscales. Results showed that the emotional relief and social subscales of DRSE mediated the association between SRDI and drinking, however this mediating relationship did not emerge for the opportunistic subscale. Implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Foster
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Foster DW, Neighbors C, Young CM. Drink refusal self-efficacy and implicit drinking identity: an evaluation of moderators of the relationship between self-awareness and drinking behavior. Addict Behav 2014; 39:196-204. [PMID: 24169372 PMCID: PMC4215944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the roles of drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE), implicit drinking identity, and self-awareness in drinking. Self-awareness (assessed by public and private self-consciousness), DRSE, and implicit drinking identity (measured via an implicit association test; IAT) were expected to interact in predicting self-reported drinking. This research was designed to consider mixed findings related to self-awareness and drinking. Hypotheses were: 1) alcohol-related outcomes would be negatively associated with self-awareness; 2) implicit drinking identity would moderate the association between self-awareness and alcohol consumption; and 3) this association would depend on whether participants were higher or lower in drink refusal self-efficacy. Participants included 218 undergraduate students. Results revealed that drinking behavior was not associated with self-awareness but was positively associated with implicit drinking identity. Of the four drinking variables (peak drinking, drinking frequency, drinks per week, and alcohol-related problems), only alcohol-related problems were positively associated with self-awareness. Furthermore, a significant two-way interaction emerged between private (but not public) self-consciousness and drinking identity to predict drinking. Consistent with expectations, three-way interactions emerged between self-awareness, implicit drinking identity, and DRSE in predicting drinking. For participants low in DRSE: 1) high implicit drinking identity was associated with greater drinking frequency when private self-consciousness was low; and 2) high implicit drinking identity was associated with greater drinks per week and peak drinks when public self-consciousness was low. This suggests that alcohol-related IATs may be useful tools in predicting drinking, particularly among those low in self-awareness and DRSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Foster
- Global Health and Population Department, Harvard School of Public Health, 1639 Tremont Street, Boston, MA, 02120, United States.
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Newton NC, Barrett EL, Swaffield L, Teesson M. Risky cognitions associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: moral disengagement, alcohol expectancies and perceived self-regulatory efficacy. Addict Behav 2014; 39:165-72. [PMID: 24138964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the longitudinal associations between moral disengagement, alcohol related expectancies, perceived self-regulatory efficacy and alcohol use amongst adolescents. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 367 students (mean age=13.1, SD=0.51; 65% male) from five schools across Sydney, Australia took part in this longitudinal study. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire at four time points across an 18 month period which assessed their alcohol use, levels of moral disengagement, alcohol related expectancies and perceived self-regulatory efficacy to resist peer pressure to engage in transgressive behaviours. RESULTS Over time, rates of binge drinking in the past three months significantly increased, but rates of drinking any alcohol in the past three months remained stable. As hypothesised, all three cognitions were independently and consistently associated with adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking over time, with the exception of perceived self-regulatory efficacy which was not associated with an increased risk of drinking any alcohol in the past three months when controlling for moral disengagement, alcohol expectancies, gender and age. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first study to longitudinally map three distinct cognitive factors associated with adolescent alcohol use. Considering the alarming number of adolescents drinking at levels that place them at risk of significant harm, this study has provided important implications about cognitive factors that can be targeted to increase the accuracy of assessment and efficacy of prevention for alcohol misuse amongst adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Newton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Connor JP, Gullo MJ, Feeney GFX, Kavanagh DJ, Young RM. The relationship between cannabis outcome expectancies and cannabis refusal self-efficacy in a treatment population. Addiction 2014; 109:111-9. [PMID: 24112822 DOI: 10.1111/add.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies are central to Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Alcohol studies demonstrate the theoretical and clinical utility of applying both SCT constructs. This study examined the relationship between refusal self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in a sample of cannabis users, and tested formal mediational models. DESIGN Patients referred for cannabis treatment completed a comprehensive clinical assessment, including recently validated cannabis expectancy and refusal self-efficacy scales. SETTING A hospital alcohol and drug out-patient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Patients referred for a cannabis treatment [n = 1115, mean age 26.29, standard deviation (SD) 9.39]. MEASUREMENTS The Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) and Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CRSEQ) were completed, along with measures of cannabis severity [Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS)] and cannabis consumption. FINDINGS Positive (β = -0.29, P < 0.001) and negative (β = -0.19, P < 0.001) cannabis outcome expectancies were associated significantly with refusal self-efficacy. Refusal self-efficacy, in turn, fully mediated the association between negative expectancy and weekly consumption [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.17] and partially mediated the effect of positive expectancy on weekly consumption (95% CI = 0.06, 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with Social Cognitive Theory, refusal self-efficacy (a person's belief that he or she can abstain from cannabis use) mediates part of the association between cannabis outcome expectancies (perceived consequences of cannabis use) and cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Connor
- Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Harnett PH, Lynch SJ, Gullo MJ, Dawe S, Loxton N. Personality, cognition and hazardous drinking: Support for the 2-Component Approach to Reinforcing Substances Model. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2945-8. [PMID: 24064194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Personality and cognitive processes are both related to alcohol use and misuse. A recent model of hazardous drinking referred, the 2-CARS model, postulates two major pathways to hazardous drinking. One pathway primarily involves the association between Reward Drive and Positive Outcome Expectancies, the second involves the association between Rash Impulsiveness and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy. In previous tests of the model, Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy was found to have the most proximal impact on drinking, being directly influenced by Rash Impulsiveness, and indirectly influenced by Reward Drive through Positive Outcome Expectancies. The aim of the current study was to test the 2-CARS model in a larger independent sample. Results found that individuals with a strong Reward Drive showed higher Positive Outcome Expectancies, while individuals high in Rash Impulsiveness were more likely to report reduced Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy. The present results also showed a theoretically unexpected pathway with a direct association between Rash Impulsiveness and Positive Outcome Expectancies. However, overall the results support the view that a greater understanding of hazardous drinking can be achieved by investigating the relationship between these personality and cognitive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Harnett
- School of Psychology, University Of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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