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Odutola MK, van Leeuwen MT, Bruinsma FJ, Benke G, Turner MC, Trotman J, Turner J, Seymour JF, Prince HM, Milliken ST, Tiley C, Hertzberg M, Roncolato F, Opat S, Lindeman R, Verner E, Underhill CR, Cardis E, Giles G, Vajdic CM. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and follicular lymphoma risk: a family case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:599-602. [PMID: 37722828 PMCID: PMC10591762 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relationship between occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and follicular lymphoma (FL) risk. METHODS We conducted a family case-control study between 2011 and 2016 in Australia and included 681 cases. Controls were either a family member of cases (related (n=294), unrelated (n=179)) or were unrelated recruited for a similarly designed Australian multiple myeloma study (n=711). We obtained detailed job histories using lifetime work calendars. We assigned exposure to ELF-MFs using an enhanced job exposure matrix, with a lag period of 10 years. We examined associations with FL risk using logistic regression accounting for relatedness between cases and controls. We performed sensitivity analyses including by control type, by sex, complete case analyses, ELF-MF exposure percentiles in addition to quartiles, ELF-MF exposure in the maximum exposed job, a shorter lag period (1 year) and the cumulative exposure in the most recent time period (1-9 years). RESULTS We observed no association with the average intensity, duration or lifetime cumulative exposure to occupational ELF-MF exposure in the primary or sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between occupational ELF-MF exposure and FL risk. Although the inclusion of family members as part of the larger control group may have biased our risk estimates towards the null, findings were similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to cases and unrelated controls. Further research incorporating enhanced exposure assessment to ELF-MF is warranted to inform occupational safety regulations and any potential role in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Odutola
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina T van Leeuwen
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona J Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle C Turner
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Global Health, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Trotman
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Seymour
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Miles Prince
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel T Milliken
- Haematology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Campbell Tiley
- Cancer Day Unit, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Hertzberg
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando Roncolato
- Clinical Haematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Opat
- Clinical Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Lindeman
- Clinical Operations, New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Verner
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig R Underhill
- Border Medical Oncology Research Unit, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Global Health, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Ahmadi S, Guth M, Coste A, Bouaoun L, Danjou A, Lefevre M, Dananché B, Praud D, Van Tongeren M, Bujan L, Pérol O, Schüz J, Charbotel B, Fervers B, Olsson A. Paternal Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals and Welding Fumes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumours in Sons in France. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4962. [PMID: 36230885 PMCID: PMC9564333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. Its causes are largely unknown, although prenatal occupational and environmental exposures have been suggested. We investigated paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals and welding fumes and the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in their offspring. A total of 454 cases and 670 controls were included from a French nationwide case-control study. The INTEROCC job exposure matrix was used to assign occupational exposures (cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes) to the fathers' jobs. Odds ratios (ORs) for TGCT were estimated using conditional logistic regression models for frequency-matched sets. Three complementary analytical approaches were used: (1) single-agent analysis, (2) analysis by groups, and (3) principal component analysis (PCA). The proportion of paternal exposure to different heavy metals and welding fumes ranged from 0.7% (cadmium) to 11.3% (lead). Based on PCA, three principal components explained 93.5% of the cumulative variance. No associations were found between heavy metals or welding fumes and TGCT. In this study, paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals or welding fumes was not associated with TGCT development in their sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukrullah Ahmadi
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Margot Guth
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Astrid Coste
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Danjou
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Lefevre
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Dananché
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martie Van Tongeren
- Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Louis Bujan
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement) INSERM 1203, Universités Montpellier et Toulouse 3, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CECOS Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Fédération Française des CECOS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Pérol
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
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3
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Abramson MJ, Murambadoro T, Alif SM, Benke GP, Dharmage SC, Glaspole I, Hopkins P, Hoy RF, Klebe S, Moodley Y, Rawson S, Reynolds PN, Wolfe R, Corte TJ, Walters EH. Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Australia: case-control study. Thorax 2020; 75:864-869. [PMID: 32660982 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease of unknown cause characterised by progressive scarring, with limited effective treatment and a median survival of only 2-3 years. Our aim was to identify potential occupational and environmental exposures associated with IPF in Australia. METHODS Cases were recruited by the Australian IPF registry. Population-based controls were recruited by random digit dialling, frequency matched on age, sex and state. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, smoking, family history, environmental and occupational exposures. Occupational exposure assessment was undertaken with the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix and Australian asbestos JEM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe associations with IPF as ORs and 95% CIs, adjusted for age, sex, state and smoking. RESULTS We recruited 503 cases (mean±SD age 71±9 years, 69% male) and 902 controls (71±8 years, 69% male). Ever smoking tobacco was associated with increased risk of IPF: OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.79), but ever using marijuana with reduced risk after adjusting for tobacco: 0.51 (0.33 to 0.78). A family history of pulmonary fibrosis was associated with 12.6-fold (6.52 to 24.2) increased risk of IPF. Occupational exposures to secondhand smoke (OR 2.1; 1.2 to 3.7), respirable dust (OR 1.38; 1.04 to 1.82) and asbestos (OR 1.57; 1.15 to 2.15) were independently associated with increased risk of IPF. However occupational exposures to other specific organic, mineral or metal dusts were not associated with IPF. CONCLUSION The burden of IPF could be reduced by intensified tobacco control, occupational dust control measures and elimination of asbestos at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tsitsi Murambadoro
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheikh M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza P Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Glaspole
- Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Hopkins
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Lung Transplant Service, Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan F Hoy
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Pharmacology and Respiratory Medicine, Lung Institute of Western Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shuli Rawson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul N Reynolds
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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4
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Sauvé JF, Siemiatycki J, Labrèche F, Richardson L, Pintos J, Sylvestre MP, Gérin M, Bégin D, Lacourt A, Kirkham TL, Rémen T, Pasquet R, Goldberg MS, Rousseau MC, Parent MÉ, Lavoué J. Development of and Selected Performance Characteristics of CANJEM, a General Population Job-Exposure Matrix Based on Past Expert Assessments of Exposure. Ann Work Expo Health 2018; 62:783-795. [PMID: 29897403 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We developed a job-exposure matrix called CANJEM using data generated in population-based case-control studies of cancer. This article describes some of the decisions in developing CANJEM, and some of its performance characteristics. Methods CANJEM is built from exposure information from 31673 jobs held by study subjects included in our past case-control studies. For each job, experts had evaluated the intensity, frequency, and likelihood of exposure to a predefined list of agents based on jobs histories and descriptions of tasks and workplaces. The creation of CANJEM involved a host of decisions regarding the structure of CANJEM, and operational decisions regarding which parameters to present. The goal was to produce an instrument that would provide great flexibility to the user. In addition to describing these decisions, we conducted analyses to assess how well CANJEM covered the range of occupations found in Canada. Results Even at quite a high level of resolution of the occupation classifications and time periods, over 90% of the recent Canadian working population would be covered by CANJEM. Prevalence of exposure of specific agents in specific occupations ranges from 0% to nearly 100%, thereby providing the user with basic information to discriminate exposed from unexposed workers. Furthermore, among exposed workers there is information that can be used to discriminate those with high exposure from those with low exposure. Conclusions CANJEM provides good coverage of the Canadian working population and possibly that of several other countries. Available in several occupation classification systems and including 258 agents, CANJEM can be used to support exposure assessment efforts in epidemiology and prevention of occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Sauvé
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail, Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Javier Pintos
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Gérin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bégin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aude Lacourt
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team EPICENE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Tracy L Kirkham
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Rémen
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Romain Pasquet
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUM, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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McElvenny DM, van Tongeren M, Turner MC, Benke G, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent MÉ, Richardson L, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Sadetzki S, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. The INTEROCC case-control study: risk of meningioma and occupational exposure to selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:12-22. [PMID: 28947494 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about occupational risk factors for meningioma. OBJECTIVES To study whether risk of meningioma is associated with several occupational exposures, including selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. METHODS The INTEROCC study was an international case-control study of brain cancer conducted in seven countries. Data collection by interview included lifetime occupational histories. A job exposure matrix was used to derive estimates of exposure for the 12 agents. ORs for ever versus never exposed and for exposure-response using duration of exposure and cumulative exposure were derived using conditional logistic regression stratified by sex, age group, country/region, adjusted for education. RESULTS These analyses included 1906 cases and 5565 controls. For 11 of the 12 agents, no excess risk was found for ever exposed. For ever exposure to oil mists, an elevated OR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.22, 51 exposed cases) was found. Statistically significant exposure-response relationships were observed with cumulative exposure (p=0.01) and duration of exposure (p=0.04). Among women, there were also significant trends for cumulative and duration of exposure to asbestos and excesses in the highest exposure categories for formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS Most agents examined did not provoke excess risks of meningioma. The main finding from this study is that it is the first study to identify a statistical association between exposure to oil mists and meningioma. This may be a chance finding or could be due to confounding with iron exposure and further research is required to understand whether the relationship is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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6
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El-Zaemey S, Anand TN, Heyworth JS, Boyle T, van Tongeren M, Fritschi L. Case–control study to assess the association between colorectal cancer and selected occupational agents using INTEROCC job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:290-295. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the world and is twice as common in developed countries when compared with low-income and middle-income countries. Few occupational risk factors for colorectal cancer have been identified. This case–control study aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer and occupational exposure to selected solvents, combustion products, metals, dusts and other agents.MethodsCases (n=918) were enrolled from the Western Australian Cancer Registry from June 2005 to August 2007. Controls (n=1021) were randomly selected from the Western Australian electoral roll. We collected lifetime occupational history from cases and controls, in addition to their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. We applied the INTEROCC job exposure matrix to convert the occupational history to occupational exposure for 18 selected agents. Three exposure indices were developed: (1) exposed versus non-exposed; (2) lifetime cumulative exposure; and (3) total duration of exposure. The associations between colorectal cancer and the selected agents were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for sex and age.ResultsNone of the 18 selected agents showed an association with colorectal cancer. No dose–response relationships with lifetime cumulative exposure or duration of exposure were observed.ConclusionThere was no evidence to suggest that occupational exposure to 18 selected agents increased the risk of colorectal cancer.
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7
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Benke G, Turner MC, Fleming S, Figuerola J, Kincl L, Richardson L, Blettner M, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1246-1254. [PMID: 28910824 PMCID: PMC5674105 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case–control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade. Methods: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country–region of residence and level of educational attainment. Exposures to any solvent or 11 specific solvents or subgroups were assessed using a modified version of the FINJEM job exposure matrix (JEM) specifically developed for the study, called INTEROCC-JEM. Results: Analysis included 2000 glioma cases and 5565 controls. For glioma and ever/never exposure to any solvent, the OR was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.74–1.11). All ORs were <1.0 for specific solvents/subgroups. There were no increases in risk according to high or low grade of tumour. Conclusions: The results of this study show no consistent associations for any solvent exposures overall or by grade of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cancer &Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Environmental and Occupational Health program in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69675, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer &Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52620, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
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8
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Parent ME, Turner MC, Lavoué J, Richard H, Figuerola J, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Blettner M, Fleming S, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Lifetime occupational exposure to metals and welding fumes, and risk of glioma: a 7-country population-based case-control study. Environ Health 2017; 16:90. [PMID: 28841833 PMCID: PMC5574088 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumor etiology is poorly understood. Based on their ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier, it has been hypothesized that exposure to metals may increase the risk of brain cancer. Results from the few epidemiological studies on this issue are limited and inconsistent. METHODS We investigated the relationship between glioma risk and occupational exposure to five metals - lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium and iron- as well as to welding fumes, using data from the seven-country INTEROCC study. A total of 1800 incident glioma cases and 5160 controls aged 30-69 years were included in the analysis. Lifetime occupational exposure to the agents was assessed using the INTEROCC JEM, a modified version of the Finnish job exposure matrix FINJEM. RESULTS In general, cases had a slightly higher prevalence of exposure to the various metals and welding fumes than did controls, with the prevalence among ever exposed ranging between 1.7 and 2.2% for cadmium to 10.2 and 13.6% for iron among controls and cases, respectively. However, in multivariable logistic regression analyses, there was no association between ever exposure to any of the agents and risk of glioma with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 0.8 (0.7-1.0) for lead to 1.1 (0.7-1.6) for cadmium. Results were consistent across models considering cumulative exposure or duration, as well as in all sensitivity analyses conducted. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this large-scale international study provide no evidence for an association between occupational exposure to any of the metals under scrutiny or welding fumes, and risk of glioma.
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Grants
- 001 World Health Organization
- R01 CA124759 NCI NIH HHS
- National Institutes of Health
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail
- European Fifth Framework Program
- International Union against Cancer
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council
- University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program;
- Cancer Council NSW (AU)
- Cancer Council Victoria (AU)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canada Research Chairs
- Guzzo-Cancer Research Society
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Association pour la recherche sur le cancer
- German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nuclear 45 Safety, and Nature Protection
- Ministry for the Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden
- Ministry for the Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
- MAIFOR Program (Mainzer Forschungsforderungsprogramm) of the University of Mainz
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation
- Wellington Medical Research Foundation
- Waikato Medical Research Foundation
- Cancer Society of New Zealand
- Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) program, UK
- Health and Safety Executive, UK
- Department of Health, UK
- UK Network Operators (O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, ‘3’)
- Scottish Executive
- Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association (with UICC)
- Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association (with CIHR)
- Network operators Orange, SFR and Bouygues Telecom
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7 Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Michelle C. Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Turner MC, van Tongeren M, Benke G, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Blettner M, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational exposure to metals and risk of meningioma: a multinational case-control study. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:505-515. [PMID: 27664150 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine associations between occupational exposure to metals and meningioma risk in the international INTEROCC study. INTEROCC is a seven-country population-based case-control study including 1906 adult meningioma cases and 5565 population controls. Incident cases were recruited between 2000 and 2004. A detailed occupational history was completed and job titles were coded into standard international occupational classifications. Estimates of mean workday exposure to individual metals and to welding fumes were assigned based on a job-exposure-matrix. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Although more controls than cases were ever exposed to metals (14 vs. 11 %, respectively), cases had higher median cumulative exposure levels. The ORs for ever vs. never exposure to any metal and to individual metals were mostly greater than 1.0, with the strongest association for exposure to iron (OR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.0-1.58). In women, an increased OR of 1.70 (95 % CI 1.0-2.89) was seen for ever vs never exposure to iron (OR in men 1.19, 95 % CI 0.91-1.54), with positive trends in relation with both cumulative and duration of exposure. These results remained after consideration of other occupational metal or chemical co-exposures. In conclusion, an apparent positive association between occupational exposure to iron and meningioma risk was observed, particularly among women. Considering the fact that meningioma is a hormone dependent tumor, the hypothesis that an interaction between iron and estrogen metabolism may be a potential mechanism for a carcinogenic effect of iron should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Angela Chetrit
- The Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michelle C Turner
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Vila J, Bowman JD, Richardson L, Kincl L, Conover DL, McLean D, Mann S, Vecchia P, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. A Source-based Measurement Database for Occupational Exposure Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields in the INTEROCC Study: A Literature Review Approach. Ann Work Expo Health 2015; 60:184-204. [PMID: 26493616 PMCID: PMC4738235 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, occupational exposure assessment of electromagnetic fields (EMF) has relied on occupation-based measurements and exposure estimates. However, misclassification due to between-worker variability remains an unsolved challenge. A source-based approach, supported by detailed subject data on determinants of exposure, may allow for a more individualized exposure assessment. Detailed information on the use of occupational sources of exposure to EMF was collected as part of the INTERPHONE-INTEROCC study. To support a source-based exposure assessment effort within this study, this work aimed to construct a measurement database for the occupational sources of EMF exposure identified, assembling available measurements from the scientific literature. METHODS First, a comprehensive literature search was performed for published and unpublished documents containing exposure measurements for the EMF sources identified, a priori as well as from answers of study subjects. Then, the measurements identified were assessed for quality and relevance to the study objectives. Finally, the measurements selected and complementary information were compiled into an Occupational Exposure Measurement Database (OEMD). RESULTS Currently, the OEMD contains 1624 sets of measurements (>3000 entries) for 285 sources of EMF exposure, organized by frequency band (0 Hz to 300 GHz) and dosimetry type. Ninety-five documents were selected from the literature (almost 35% of them are unpublished technical reports), containing measurements which were considered informative and valid for our purpose. Measurement data and complementary information collected from these documents came from 16 different countries and cover the time period between 1974 and 2013. CONCLUSION We have constructed a database with measurements and complementary information for the most common sources of exposure to EMF in the workplace, based on the responses to the INTERPHONE-INTEROCC study questionnaire. This database covers the entire EMF frequency range and represents the most comprehensive resource of information on occupational EMF exposure. It is available at www.crealradiation.com/index.php/en/databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vila
- 1.Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; 2.Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; 3.CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joseph D Bowman
- 4.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- 5.University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurel Kincl
- 6.Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Dave McLean
- 7.Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon Mann
- 8.Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- 1.Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; 2.Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; 3.CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Squance ML, Reeves G, Attia J, Bridgman H, Guest M. Self-reported Lupus flare: Association with everyday home and personal product exposure. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:880-888. [PMID: 28962424 PMCID: PMC5598386 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of chemicals in household products has driven concern about potential adverse health through their use. Most research concentrates on product chemicals with reproductive and carcinogenic consequences, however some evidence exists that immune effects can lead to exacerbation of autoimmune illnesses such as lupus (SLE). OBJECTIVES This paper examines household and personal product exposure patterns in a pilot case/control study of female Australians. We also examined associations between common product exposure and SLE symptom exacerbation over a year period. METHODS We enrolled 41 control and 80 SLE participants aged 18-80 years. Qualitative techniques of structured interview and thematic analysis retrospectively explored patterns of product use, and flare history data of SLE participants. Negative binomial regression models explored associations between self-reported flare (SRF) days and exposure to 34 common home product groups. RESULTS Mean product counts did not differ between participant groups (mean 33.1: SD 11.8), or flare groups (flare mean 32.6:SD 12, no-flare 31.8:SD 6.6). Products used for personal hygiene and general house cleaning were most frequently used.Significant association with increased SRF day relative risk (IRR) was seen for bath oil use (IRR 1.008, CI 1.00-1.02). Paradoxical "protective" effects, (reduced SRF days) were found for cleansing beauty (IRR 0.999, CI 0.998-0.999), make-up (IRR 0.998, CI 0.997-0.999); adhesives (IRR 0.994, CI 0.991-0.997) and paint (IRR 0.99, CI 0.986-0.995). CONCLUSIONS Everyday product exposures can impact on symptom exacerbation in SLE. Some offering protection and others increased health risk. Identifying environmental associations offer the possibility of life-style interventions to reduce illness impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marline L. Squance
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Autoimmune Resource and Research Center, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Glenn Reeves
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Autoimmune Resource and Research Center, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Howard Bridgman
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Maya Guest
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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12
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Talibov M, Guxens M, Pukkala E, Huss A, Kromhout H, Slottje P, Martinsen JI, Kjaerheim K, Sparén P, Weiderpass E, Tryggvadottir L, Uuksulainen S, Vermeulen R. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and electrical shocks and acute myeloid leukemia in four Nordic countries. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1079-85. [PMID: 25971677 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the association between occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and electrical shocks and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the Nordic Occupational Cancer cohort (NOCCA). METHODS We included 5,409 adult AML cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden and 27,045 controls matched by age, sex, and country. Lifetime occupational ELF-MF exposure and risk of electrical shocks were assigned to jobs reported in the censuses using job-exposure matrices. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) using conditional logistic regression adjusted for concurrent occupational exposures relevant for AML risk (e.g., benzene, ionizing radiation). We conducted sensitivity analyses with different assumptions to assess the robustness of our results. RESULTS Approximately 40 % of the subjects were ever occupationally exposed to low levels and 7 % to high levels of ELF-MF, whereas 18 % were ever at low risk and 15 % at high risk of electrical shocks. We did not observe an association between occupational exposure to neither ELF-MF nor electrical shocks and AML. The HR was 0.88 (95 % CI 0.77-1.01) for subjects with high levels of ELF-MF exposure and 0.94 (95 % CI 0.85-1.05) for subjects with high risk of electrical shocks as compared to those with background-level exposure. Results remained materially unchanged in sensitivity analyses with different assumptions. CONCLUSION Our results do not support an association between occupational ELF-MF or electric shock exposure and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madar Talibov
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland,
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13
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Turner MC, Benke G, Bowman JD, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and brain tumor risks in the INTEROCC study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1863-72. [PMID: 24935666 PMCID: PMC4154968 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF) is a suspected risk factor for brain tumors, however the literature is inconsistent. Few studies have assessed whether ELF in different time windows of exposure may be associated with specific histologic types of brain tumors. This study examines the association between ELF and brain tumors in the large-scale INTEROCC study. METHODS Cases of adult primary glioma and meningioma were recruited in seven countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom) between 2000 and 2004. Estimates of mean workday ELF exposure based on a job exposure matrix were assigned. Estimates of cumulative exposure, average exposure, maximum exposure, and exposure duration were calculated for the lifetime, and 1 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10+ years before the diagnosis/reference date. RESULTS There were 3,761 included brain tumor cases (1,939 glioma and 1,822 meningioma) and 5,404 population controls. There was no association between lifetime cumulative ELF exposure and glioma or meningioma risk. However, there were positive associations between cumulative ELF 1 to 4 years before the diagnosis/reference date and glioma [odds ratio (OR) ≥ 90th percentile vs. < 25th percentile, 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-2.07; PLinear trend < 0.0001], and, somewhat weaker associations with meningioma (OR ≥ 90th percentile vs. < 25th percentile, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.97-1.57; PLinear trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Results showed positive associations between ELF in the recent past and glioma. IMPACT Occupational ELF exposure may play a role in the later stages (promotion and progression) of brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Joseph D Bowman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. The Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Squance ML, Guest M, Reeves G, Attia J, Bridgman H. Exploring lifetime occupational exposure and SLE flare: a patient-focussed pilot study. Lupus Sci Med 2014; 1:e000023. [PMID: 25379190 PMCID: PMC4213832 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2014-000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Environmental effectors, such as ultraviolet radiation exposure, infection and stress, have been established as having a role in exacerbating lupus symptoms. However, unpredictable patterns of flare events still remain a mystery. Occupational effectors have also been suggested as having a contributing role; however, they are not widely researched. In this paper we report a pilot study designed to generate focus areas for future research regarding occupational exposures and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The study explored potential links between exposures and the occurrence of patient-reported flare events in 80 Australian women with SLE (American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria classified). Specifically, the study assessed the hypothesis that occupational exposure is associated with significant changes in the likelihood of lupus flares. Lifetime employment history was analysed with the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix (FINJEM), 40 different semiquantified exposure class estimates for a wide number of occupations based on probability of exposure (p≥5%=exposed) were analysed with the construction of negative binomial regression models to test relationships between occupational agents and flare days. A backward stepwise elimination was used to generate a parsimonious model. Results Significant associations were noted for exposure classes of manual handling burden, (p=0.02, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.01), Iron (p=0.00, IRR 1.37), wood dust (p=0.00, IRR 3.34) and asbestos (p=0.03, IRR 2.48). Conclusion Exposure assessment results indicated that occupations, such as nursing, with a high manual handling burden, posed increased risk to patients with SLE, however, the greatest risk was associated with wood dust and iron exposure with teachers and specialist labourers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marline L Squance
- Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Faculty of Science and Information Technology , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Autoimmune Resource and Research Centre , New Lambton, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter New England Health District , New Lambton, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Maya Guest
- Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Glenn Reeves
- Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Autoimmune Resource and Research Centre , New Lambton, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter New England Health District , New Lambton, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - John Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter New England Health District , New Lambton, New South Wales , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Howard Bridgman
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology , University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
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15
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Igissinov N, Akshulakov S, Igissinov S, Moore M, Adilbekov Y, Gaitova K, Kissaev Y, Mustafina M. Malignant tumours of the central nervous system in Kazakhstan--incidence trends from 2004-2011. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4181-6. [PMID: 23991973 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the article were observed the epidemiological aspects of malignant tumors of the central nervous system (MT CNS) in Kazakhstan in a retrospective study for the years 2004-2011. The material of the study was consolidated accounting data of oncology centers on patients with MT CNS (C70-72) with first time established diagnosis. Calculated were crude, age, standardized (world standard), aligned and predicted incidence of MT CNS among both male and female populations. It was found that over the studied period, there were 4,604 cases of MT CNS. The average annual crude incidence rate of MT CNS in total population was 3.7±0.10/0000. Trends in aligned incidence rates in the whole country had a tendency to increase (T=+0.9%). Defined levels of morbidity MT CNS in the whole population in different regions of Kazakhstan: low up to 2.870/0000, the average from 2.87 to 4.450/0000 and high from 4.450/0000 and above on the basis of which was given the space-time estimate. Age and sex differences in MT CNS incidence were also clearly established.
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Lillienberg L, Dahlman-Höglund A, Schiöler L, Torén K, Andersson E. Exposures and asthma outcomes using two different job exposure matrices in a general population study in northern Europe. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2014; 58:469-81. [PMID: 24504176 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently published a study on new-onset asthma in a large population in northern Europe using a modified job exposure matrix (N-JEM) to better reflect exposure assignment in these countries. The aim of this paper was to investigate how the N-JEM differs in exposure assignment and asthma risks from an already established JEM. METHOD The study comprised 6253 men and 7031 women from northern Europe, born 1945-1973, who had answered both a screening (1989-1992) and a follow-up questionnaire (1999-2001). During the study period (1980-2000), there were 136 men and 293 women with new-onset asthma. Hazard ratios of new-onset asthma were calculated for both JEMs using Cox regression models. The analyses were made separately for men and women and were also stratified for atopy. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to show agreements in exposure assignment (yes/no) between the JEMs. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated as well. RESULTS The agreement in exposure assignment between the JEMs was substantial for the group 'any exposure' to asthma agents (κ = 0.78). The agreement between comparable exposure groups in the JEMs varied from κ = 1.00 (pharmaceutical product antigens, textile dust, cleaning agents) to κ = 0.27 (low molecular weight agents). Significant increased asthma risks were seen for men exposed to isocyanates and accidental peak exposure with both JEMs. With the N-JEM, increased asthma risks were seen for men exposed to plant-associated antigens (all and non-atopic), epoxy compounds (all and non-atopic), and acrylates (non-atopic). With the other JEM, increased asthma risks were seen in men and women exposed to 'possible exposure to irritant gases or fumes' (all and non-atopic), a group classified as having low asthma risk. Men and women exposed to cleaning agents also showed significant asthma risks with both JEMs. PAR with the N-JEM was 14.3% for men and 6.6% for women, compared with 12.9% and 8.3% with the other JEM. CONCLUSIONS Acrylates, epoxy compounds, and isocyanates are three exposure groups in the modified asthma JEM that might better reflect exposure situations in northern Europe than the already established JEM. Exposure to 'possible exposure to irritant gases or fumes', a low asthma risk group in the established JEM, seems to be a group with high asthma risk in northern Europe. It is important to continuously update JEMs, which are based only on occupational titles, in order to find new risk groups and to better reflect changes in work exposures when old risks disappear and new emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Lillienberg
- 1. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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McLean D, Fleming S, Turner MC, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Parent ME, Hours M, Krewski D, van Tongeren M, Sadetzki S, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of meningioma: results from the INTEROCC multicentre case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:253-8. [PMID: 24474387 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between occupational exposure to selected organic solvents and meningioma. METHODOLOGY A multicentre case-control study conducted in seven countries, including 1906 cases and 5565 controls. Occupational exposure to selected classes of organic solvents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and 'other' organic solvents) or seven specific solvents (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, methylene chloride and gasoline) was assessed using lifetime occupational histories and a modified version of the FINJEM job-exposure matrix (INTEROCC-JEM). Study participants were classified as 'exposed' when they had worked in an occupation for at least 1 year, with a 5-year lag, in which the estimated prevalence of exposure was 25% or greater in the INTEROCC-JEM. Associations between meningioma and each of the solvent exposures were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 6.5% of study participants were ever exposed to 'any' solvent, with a somewhat greater proportion of controls (7%) ever exposed compared with cases (5%), but only one case was ever exposed to any chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,1,1-trichloroethane). No association was observed between any of the organic solvents and meningioma, in either men or women, and no dose-response relationships were observed in internal analyses using either exposure duration or cumulative exposure. DISCUSSION We found no evidence that occupational exposure to these organic solvents is associated with meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Burdorf A. Are job-exposure matrixes useful to determine the impact of physical and psychosocial working conditions on health during working life? ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2014; 58:137-9. [PMID: 24414703 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kauppinen T, Uuksulainen S, Saalo A, Mäkinen I, Pukkala E. Use of the Finnish Information System on Occupational Exposure (FINJEM) in epidemiologic, surveillance, and other applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:380-96. [PMID: 24401793 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of the Finnish Information System on Occupational Exposure (Finnish job-exposure matrix, FINJEM) in different applications in Finland and other countries. We describe and discuss studies on FINJEM and studies utilizing FINJEM in regard to the validity of exposure estimates, occupational epidemiology, hazard surveillance and prevention, the assessment of health risks and the burden of disease, the assessment of exposure trends and future hazards, and the construction of job-exposure matrices (JEMs) in countries other than Finland. FINJEM can be used as an exposure assessment tool in occupational epidemiology, particularly in large register-based studies. It also provides information for hazard surveillance at the national level. It is able to identify occupations with high average exposures to chemical agents and can therefore serve the priority setting of prevention. However, it has only limited use at the workplace level due to the variability of exposure between workplaces. The national estimates of exposure and their temporal trends may contribute to the assessment of both the recent and future burden of work-related health outcomes. FINJEM has also proved to be useful in the construction of other national JEMs, for example in the Nordic Occupational Cancer study in the Nordic countries. FINJEM is a quantitative JEM, which can serve many purposes and its comprehensive documentation also makes it potentially useful in countries other than Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kauppinen
- 1. Surveillance and Reviews, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
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INTEROCC case-control study: lack of association between glioma tumors and occupational exposure to selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:340. [PMID: 23587105 PMCID: PMC3637633 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate possible associations between glioma (an aggressive type of brain cancer) and occupational exposure to selected agents: combustion products (diesel and gasoline exhaust emissions, benzo(a)pyrene), dusts (animal dust, asbestos, crystalline silica, wood dust) and some other chemical agents (formaldehyde, oil mist, sulphur dioxide). Methods The INTEROCC study included cases diagnosed with glioma during 2000–2004 in sub-regions of seven countries. Population controls, selected from various sampling frames in different centers, were frequency or individually matched to cases by sex, age and center. Face-to-face interviews with the subject or a proxy respondent were conducted by trained interviewers. Detailed information was collected on socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics, medical history and work history. Occupational exposure to the 10 selected agents was assessed by a job exposure matrix (JEM) which provides estimates of the probability and level of exposure for different occupations. Using a 25% probability of exposure in a given occupation in the JEM as the threshold for considering a worker exposed, the lifetime prevalence of exposure varied from about 1% to about 15% for the different agents. Associations between glioma and each of the 10 agents were estimated by conditional logistic regression, and using three separate exposure indices: i) ever vs. never; ii) lifetime cumulative exposure; iii) total duration of exposure. Results The study sample consisted of 1,800 glioma cases and 5,160 controls. Most odds ratio estimates were close to the null value. None of the ten agents displayed a significantly increased odds ratio nor any indication of dose–response relationships with cumulative exposure or with duration of exposure. Conclusion Thus, there was no evidence that these exposures influence risk of glioma.
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