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Kustić D. Size of Extranodal Extension in the Sentinel Lymph Node as a Predictor of Prognosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00118-6. [PMID: 38871577 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of extranodal extension (ENE) in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) can predict non-SLN metastases in breast cancer (BC) patients; however, the prognostic relevance of its extent remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive role of ENE in SLNs measured by its widest dimension (WD), highest dimension (HD), and the WD/HD ratio for non-SLN involvement, overall, and disease-free survival (OS, DFS) in cT1-2N0 BC patients with positive SLNs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 511 women with cT1-2N0 BC and positive SLNs undergoing axillary lymph node dissection were retrospectively enrolled. The associations of ENE's WD, HD, and WD/HD ratio with non-SLN metastases, 5-year OS, and DFS were established through a multivariable modeling approach. RESULTS SLNs were ENE-positive in 149 (29.16%) participants, and 133 (26.03%) had non-SLN metastases. During the median 60 (16-60)-month follow-up, 69 (13.50%) patients experienced recurrences, and 62 (12.13%) died. The numbers of SLNs, non-SLNs, and total axillary LNs involved differed between the ENE-negative and ENE-positive groups, as well as between the WD/HD ≤ 1.2 and WD/HD > 1.2 subgroups (all P-values were < .001). Multivariable analyses showed significant associations of the WD/HD ratio > 1.2 with non-SLN involvement, OS, and DFS (P-values were .003, < .001, and .005, respectively). DISCUSSION Despite no predictive value of ENE's WD and HD, the WD/HD ratio > 1.2 was an independent predictor of non-SLN involvement, mortality, and recurrence. ENE's WD/HD ratio could be a valuable indicator for cT1-2N0 BC individuals with positive SLNs for whom further axillary treatment may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Kustić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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2
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Dimitrakopoulos FI, Goussia A, Koliou GA, Dadouli K, Batistatou A, Kourea HP, Bobos M, Arapantoni-Dadioti P, Tzaida O, Koletsa T, Chrisafi S, Sotiropoulou M, Papoudou-Bai A, Nicolaou I, Charchanti A, Mauri D, Aravantinos G, Binas I, Res E, Psyrri A, Pectasides D, Bafaloukos D, Koumarianou A, Bompolaki I, Rigakos G, Karanikiotis C, Koutras A, Zagouri F, Gogas H, Fountzilas G. Ten-year clinical outcome, toxicity and compliance of dose-dense sequential adjuvant administration of cyclophosphamide & epirubicin followed by docetaxel in patients with early breast cancer: A hellenic cooperative oncology group observational study (HE 10/10) with concurrent investigation of significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Breast 2024; 73:103668. [PMID: 38176305 PMCID: PMC10791571 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose-dense sequential (dds) chemotherapy has changed the clinical outcome of patients with early breast cancer (BC). To investigate the impact of dose intensity (DI) in the adjuvant setting of BC, this observational trial (HE 10/10) was conducted assessing the long-term survival outcome, safety and toxicity of a currently widely used chemotherapeutic regimen. In addition, the prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes were also evaluated in the same cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS Totally, 1054 patients were prospectively enrolled in the current study with 1024 patients being eligible, while adequate tissue was available for 596 of them. TILs, CD8+ lymphocytes in intratumoral areas in contact with malignant cells (iCD8), CD8+ lymphocytes in tumor stroma (sCD8) as well as the total number of CD8+ lymphocytes within the tumor area (total CD8) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Within a median follow-up of 125.18 months, a total of 200 disease-free survival (DFS) events (19.5%) were reported. Importantly, the 10-year DFS and OS rates were 78.4% (95% CI 75.0-81.5) and 81.7% (95% CI 79.0-84.1), respectively. Interestingly, higher CD8+ T cells as well as TILs in the tumor microenvironment were associated with an improved long-term survival outcome. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study confirms the significance of dds adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen in terms of long-term survival outcome, safety and toxicity as well as the prognostic significance of TILs and infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in BC patients with early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras "Panagia the Help", University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Pathology, German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Helen P Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Olympia Tzaida
- Department of Pathology, Metaxas Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Chrisafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Irene Nicolaou
- Department of Histopathology, Agii Anargiri Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Binas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Eleni Res
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Koumarianou
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Rigakos
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras "Panagia the Help", University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National Andistrian U Kapodniversity of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
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Mizoguchi K, Kawaji H, Kai M, Morisaki T, Hayashi S, Takao Y, Yamada M, Shimazaki A, Osako T, Arima N, Okido M, Oda Y, Nakamura M, Kubo M. Granzyme B Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4456. [PMID: 37760424 PMCID: PMC10526301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are important in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic T cells produce cytokines and cytotoxic factors, such as perforin and granzyme, which induce apoptosis by damaging target cells. To identify biomarkers of these cells, we investigated granzyme B (GZMB) in the tumor microenvironment as a biomarker of treatment response and prognosis in 230 patients with primary TNBC who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity was defined as a composite positive score ≥10 based on the PD-L1 immunostaining of tumor cells and immune cells. GZMB-high was defined as positivity in ≥1% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the 230 TNBC patients, 117 (50.9%) had CD8-positive infiltrating tumors. In the PD-L1-positive group, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GZMB-high TNBC patients had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than GZMB-low patients and that OS was significantly longer (RFS: p = 0.0220, OS: p = 0.0254). A multivariate analysis also showed significantly better OS in PD-L1- and GZMB-high patients (hazard ratio: 0.25 (95% IC: 0.07-0.88), p = 0.03). Our findings indicate that GZMB is a useful prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-positive TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihisa Mizoguchi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hitomi Kawaji
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masaya Kai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Morisaki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Saori Hayashi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuka Takao
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mai Yamada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Akiko Shimazaki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Tomofumi Osako
- Breast Center, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, 3-2-65 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Arima
- Department of Pathology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, 3-2-65 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okido
- Department of Surgery, Hamanomachi Hospital, 3-3-1 Nagahama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-8539, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (H.K.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.)
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Barros MJ, Strosberg J, Al-Toubah T, de Jesus VHF, Durant L, Mello CA, Felismino TC, De Brot L, Taboada RG, Donadio MD, Riechelmann RP. HORMONET: a phase II trial of tamoxifen for estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231186041. [PMID: 37529158 PMCID: PMC10387775 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231186041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 30% of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have evidence of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors. Therefore, targeting ER/PR may offer an effective NET-directed treatment to select patients. Methods We conducted a multicenter Simon two-stage single-arm phase II trial of tamoxifen in patients with metastatic, progressive NETs. Eligible patients had positive IHC expression of ER and/or PR ⩾ 1%. Prior therapy with somatostatin analogs was required for progressing/functioning cases. Main exclusion criterion was aggressive disease requiring cytotoxic therapy. The primary end point was disease control rate (DCR) at week 24 by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. We planned to enroll 23 patients in the first stage, to reach a DCR at week 24 of 70% (versus 50%); if ⩾12 patients reached the primary end point, a total of 37 would be included. Results From February 2019 to February 2022, 23 out of 59 patients were eligible and enrolled: 15 (65%) were females; the most common sites were pancreas (11; 48%) and small bowel (6; 26%). In all, 13 patients (56.5%) had G2 NETs. At a median follow-up of 27 months, 13 patients (56.5%) had stable disease at week 24 and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.9 months [interquartile range (IQR): 3.7-12.1]. The best response was stable disease in 13 patients, with most patients experiencing minor tumor growth. Median PFS times were not significantly different according to ER/PR < or ⩾30% (p = 0.49) or ER versus PR expression (p = 0.19). One patient experienced grade 2 constipation. Conclusion Tamoxifen for ER-/PR-positive NETs patients is safe but offers modest antitumor effects. Trial registry name Study of Tamoxifen in Well Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hormone Receptor Positive Expression (HORMONET). URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03870399?term=03870399&draw=2&rank=1. Registration number NCT03870399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton J. Barros
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Strosberg
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Taymeyah Al-Toubah
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Lais Durant
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso A. Mello
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago C. Felismino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Louise De Brot
- Department of Pathology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G. Taboada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro D. Donadio
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel P. Riechelmann
- Department of Clinical Oncology A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente 211, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
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Müller V, Fasching PA, Nabieva N, Fehm TN, Thill M, Schmidt M, Kühn T, Banys-Paluchowski M, Belleville E, Juhasz-Böss I, Untch M, Kolberg HC, Harbeck N, Aktas B, Stickeler E, Kreuzeder J, Hartkopf AD, Janni W, Ditsch N. Systemic Therapy of Premenopausal Patients with Early Stage Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer - Controversies and Standards in Healthcare. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:673-685. [PMID: 37614683 PMCID: PMC10442909 DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with existing ovarian function, there are some special aspects to adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR pos./HER2 neg.) breast cancer. Treatment options include tamoxifen with or without a GnRH analog, and aromatase inhibitors with a GnRH analog. Furthermore, ovarian function is affected by previous chemotherapy. Both aromatase inhibitors (+GnRH analogs) and GnRH analogs in combination with tamoxifen are supposed to be indicated for patients at increased risk of recurrence. However, national and international guidelines and therapy recommendations do not provide a clear definition of intermediate or high risk; as a result, therapy decisions are often made for each patient on an individual basis. This is also reflected in the considerable variability at national and international levels, e.g., with regard to the use of aromatase inhibitors + GnRH analogs. This review summarizes the data on completed studies (e.g., SOFT, TEXT, EBCTCG meta-analyses) and the current multigene testing studies (TailorX, RxPonder, ADAPT), discusses the rationale for current studies (e.g., CLEAR-B), and looks ahead to future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | | | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Thill
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Untch
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf), University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Alfaris I, Asselah J, Aziz H, Bouganim N, Mousavi N. The Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Aromatase Inhibitors, Tamoxifen, and GnRH Agonists in Women with Breast Cancer. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:145-154. [PMID: 36848014 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease accounts for up to 10% of all-cause mortality in women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and the causes for this are multifaceted. Many women at risk of or with a diagnosis of breast cancer are on endocrine-modulating therapies. It is therefore important to understand the effect of hormone therapies on cardiovascular outcomes in breast cancer patients to mitigate against any adverse effects and to identify those most at risk so that they can be proactively managed. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of these agents, their effect on the cardiovascular system, and the latest evidence on their cardiovascular risks association. RECENT FINDINGS Tamoxifen appears to be cardioprotective during treatment but not over the longer term, while the effect of AIs on cardiovascular outcomes remains controversial. Heart failure outcomes remain understudied, and the cardiovascular effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GNRHa) in women need further research, especially since data from men with prostate cancer have indicated an increased risk of cardiac events in GNRHa users. There remains a need for a greater understanding of the effects of hormone therapies on cardiovascular outcomes in breast cancer patients. Further areas of research in this area include developing evidence to better define the optimal preventive and screening methods for cardiovascular effects and the risk factors for patients on hormonal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alfaris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jamil Asselah
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Haya Aziz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Bouganim
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Negareh Mousavi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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Jannusch K, Bittner AK, Bruckmann NM, Morawitz J, Stieglitz C, Dietzel F, Quick HH, Baba HA, Herrmann K, Umutlu L, Antoch G, Kirchner J, Kasimir-Bauer S, Hoffmann O. Correlation between Imaging Markers Derived from PET/MRI and Invasive Acquired Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061651. [PMID: 36980537 PMCID: PMC10046153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the diagnostic potential of [18F]FDG-PET/MRI data compared with invasive acquired biomarkers in newly diagnosed early breast cancer (BC). METHODS Altogether 169 women with newly diagnosed BC were included. All underwent a breast- and whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/MRI for initial staging. A tumor-adapted volume of interest was placed in the primaries and defined bone regions on each standard uptake value (SUV)/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) dataset. Immunohistochemical markers, molecular subtype, tumor grading, and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) of each patient were assessed after ultrasound-guided biopsy of the primaries and bone marrow (BM) aspiration. Correlation analysis and group comparisons were assessed. RESULTS A significant inverse correlation of estrogen-receptor (ER) expression and progesterone-receptor (PR) expression towards SUVmax was found (ER: r = 0.27, p < 0.01; PR: r = 0.19, p < 0.05). HER2-receptor expression showed no significant correlation towards SUV and ADC values. A significant positive correlation between Ki67 and SUVmax and SUVmean (r = 0.42 p < 0.01; r = 0.19 p < 0.05) was shown. Tumor grading significantly correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean (ρ = 0.36 and ρ = 0.39, both p's < 0.01). There were no group differences between SUV/ADC values of DTC-positive/-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FDG-PET/MRI may give a first impression of BC-receptor status and BC-tumor biology during initial staging by measuring glucose metabolism but cannot distinguish between DTC-positive/-negative patients and replace biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jannusch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Martin Bruckmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Janna Morawitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Cleo Stieglitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederic Dietzel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Kirchner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Rakha EA, Tse GM, Quinn CM. An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer. Histopathology 2023; 82:5-16. [PMID: 36482272 PMCID: PMC10108289 DOI: 10.1111/his.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing a diverse spectrum of tumours with varying morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. Although tumours may show phenotypic overlap, they often display different biological behaviour and response to therapy. Advances in high-throughput molecular techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to improved understanding of BC biology and refinement of molecular taxonomy with the identification of specific molecular subclasses. Although the traditional pathological morphological classification of BC is of paramount importance and provides diagnostic and prognostic information, current interest focusses on the use of a single gene and multigene assays to stratify BC into distinct groups to guide decisions on systemic therapy. This review considers approaches to the classification of BC, including their limitations, and with particular emphasis on the fundamental role of morphology in establishing an accurate diagnosis of primary invasive carcinoma of breast origin. This forms the basis for further morphological characterization and for all other approaches to BC classification that are used to provide prognostic and therapeutic predictive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Franco P, De Felice F, Jagsi R, Nader Marta G, Kaidar-Person O, Gabrys D, Kim K, Ramiah D, Meattini I, Poortmans P. Breast cancer radiation therapy: A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 39:100556. [PMID: 36545362 PMCID: PMC9761378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and radiation therapy (RT) is crucial in its multimodality management. Since bibliometrics is a powerful tool to reveal the scientific literature, we decided to perform a bibliometric analysis of the literature on breast cancer radiotherapy. We explored emerging trends and common patterns in research, tracking collaboration and networks, and foreseeing future directions in this clinical setting. Material and methods The electronic Scopus database was searched using the keywords "breast cancer" and "radiotherapy" to include manuscripts published in English, between 2000 and 2021. Data analysis was performed using R-Studio 0.98.1091 software with a machine-learning bibliometric method, based on the bibliometrix R package. The most relevant authors were quantified per number and fractionalized number of authored documents. Author productivity was analysed through Lotka's law. Bradford's law was applied to identify the nucleus of journals focused on the addressed topic. Mainstream themes area included isolated topics (niche themes), new topics (emerging themes), hot topics (motor themes) and essential topics (basic themes). Results A total of 27 184 documents was found, mainly original articles (76 %). The annual growth rate was 6.98 %, with an increase in scientific production from 485 to 2000 documents between 2000 and 2021. Overall, 2 544 journals published ≥ 1 documents. The most relevant authors were affiliated in the United States. Surgical procedures, cancer type and treatment strategies represented basic themes, while primary systemic therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were emerging themes. Health-related quality of life was a niche theme, while RT techniques had high centrality. Conclusion The primary interests of breast cancer radiation oncologists have evolved over time, adding safety, health related quality of life, sustainability of treatments and combination to systemic therapies to radiotherapy efficacy and effectiveness and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy,Department of Radiation Oncology, ‘Maggiore della Carità’ University Hospital, Novara, Italy,Corresponding author at: Radiation Oncology. Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Felice
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Radiation Oncology, Policlinico “Umberto I”, Rome, Italy
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo Nader Marta
- Department of Radiation Oncology – Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orit Kaidar-Person
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel,Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Gabrys
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kyubo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duvern Ramiah
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Icro Meattini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “M. Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Radiation Oncology Unit – Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Philip Poortmans
- Iridium kankernetwerk and University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
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10
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Kangleon-Tan HL, Sim J, You JY, Lee ES, Lee H, Yang SM, Seong MK, Park EH, Nam SJ, Park MH, Lee S, Park WC, Kangleon RG, Dy CB, Bae SY, Jung SP. Omission of chemotherapy for hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer: patterns of treatment and outcomes from the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry. Ann Surg Treat Res 2022; 103:313-322. [PMID: 36601341 PMCID: PMC9763778 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2022.103.6.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) is still recommended for high-risk patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal receptor (HER)-2-negative breast cancer, recent studies found that selected patients with low disease burden may be spared from CTx and receive hormonal treatment (HT) alone. This study aims to evaluate the trends of treatment (CTx + HT vs. HT alone) in Korea and to assess the impact on overall survival (OS) according to treatment pattern. Methods The Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry was queried (2000 to 2018) for women with pT1-2N0-1 hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative disease who underwent surgery and adjuvant systemic treatment (CTx and HT). Clinicopathologic factors, change in pattern of treatment over time, and OS for each treatment option were analyzed. Results A total of 40,938 women were included in the study; 20,880 (51.0%) received CTx + HT, while 20,058 (49.0%) received HT only. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of HT alone, from 21.0% (2000) to 64.6% (2018). In Cox regression analysis, age, type of breast and axillary operations, T and N stages, body mass index, histologic grade, and presence of lymphovascular invasion were prognostic indicators for OS. There was no significant difference between CTx + HT and HT alone in terms of OS (P = 0.126). Conclusion Over the years, there has been a shift from CTx + HT to HT alone without a significant difference in OS. Therefore, HT alone could be a safe treatment option in selected patients, even those with T2N1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jongmin Sim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young You
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Shin Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haemin Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Moon Yang
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Park
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Seokwon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Park
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Crisostomo B. Dy
- Department of Surgery, Chong Hua Hospital-Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Wu J, Liu Y, Huang H, Zhu M, Zhang X. Identification of a Risk Predictive Signature Based on Genes Associated with Tumor Size and Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:532-542. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Association between CD8+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Operable Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy-A 10 Year Follow-Up Report of a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Observational Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225635. [PMID: 36428728 PMCID: PMC9688913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) contribute to breast cancer (BC) prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of CD8+ TILs in patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in a large observational clinical trial. Along with a 10 year follow-up, considering the efficacy and safety, we report the results of the translational part of our study. We examined the patients' tumors for total (t), stromal (s), and intratumoral (i) CD8 lymphocyte density (counts/mm2) on tissue-microarray cores. The impact of CD8+ TILs counts on DFS and OS, and its correlation with breast cancer subtypes and standard clinicopathological parameters, were investigated, along with efficacy and safety data. Among the 928 eligible patients, 627 had available CD8+ data. Of which, 24.9% had a high expression of sCD8, iCD8, and total CD8, which were correlated with higher Ki67, TILs density, ER/PgR negativity, and higher histological grade. The 5year DFS and OS rates were 86.1% and 91.4%, respectively. Patients with high iCD8 and tCD8 had longer DFS and OS compared to those with low counts/mm2 (DFS: HR = 0.58, p = 0.011 and HR = 0.65, p = 0.034 and OS: HR = 0.63, p = 0.043 and HR = 0.58, p = 0.020, respectively). Upon adjustment for clinicopathological parameters, iCD8 and tCD8 retained their favorable prognostic significance for DFS and OS, whereas high sCD8 was only prognostic for DFS. Menopausal status, tumor size, and nodal status retained their prognostic significance in all examined multivariate models. CD8+ TILs, and especially their intratumoral subset, represent a potential favorable prognostic factor in early BC.
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13
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Aiyappa‐Maudsley R, Storr SJ, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO, Martin SG. CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 expression is associated with patient survival in breast cancer. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:550-566. [PMID: 35902379 PMCID: PMC9535097 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 family of enzymes metabolise a wide range of compounds and play important roles in breast cancer pathogenesis due to their involvement in estrogen metabolism and the production of carcinogenic metabolites during this process. The orphan CYPs, CYP2S1, and CYP2W1 are reportedly upregulated in breast cancer. However, their expression and association with clinicopathological and survival parameters have not been previously assessed in a large cohort of breast cancers. Protein expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was assessed in early-stage invasive breast cancers (n = 1,426) using immunohistochemistry and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters and survival. mRNA expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was also assessed in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort. Low nuclear and cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was significantly associated with high-grade tumours (p ≤ 0.009), intermediate Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) group (p ≤ 0.025), high mitotic frequency (p ≤ 0.002), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative disease (p ≤ 0.011), and ductal carcinoma (p ≤ 0.022). Cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was additionally associated with patients ≥50 years (p < 0.001), estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumours (p = 0.011), and high nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.003). Low cytoplasmic CYP2W1 was significantly associated with patients ≥50 years (p = 0.002), HER2-negative disease (p = 0.003), intermediate NPI (p = 0.013), and mitosis (p = 0.009). Low cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was significantly associated with adverse breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.034), which remained so in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.639; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.483-0.846; p = 0.002). Low nuclear CYP2W1 was significantly associated with adverse breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.012), with significance also maintained in multivariate analysis (HR: 0.677; 95% CI: 0.510-0.898; p = 0.007). No associations with survival were observed in the METABRIC cohort. CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 are associated with patient survival in breast cancer and may be important prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Aiyappa‐Maudsley
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK,Present address:
Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan BuildingLiverpoolUK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamUK
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14
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Impact of contrast-enhanced mammography in surgical management of breast cancers for women with dense breasts: a dual-center, multi-disciplinary study in Asia. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:8226-8237. [PMID: 35788756 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of pre-operative contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in breast cancer patients with dense breasts. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 232 histologically proven breast cancers in 200 women (mean age: 53.4 years ± 10.2) who underwent pre-surgical CEM imaging across two Asian institutions (Singapore and Taiwan). Majority (95.5%) of patients had dense breast tissue (BI-RADS category C or D). Surgical decision was recorded in a simulated blinded multi-disciplinary team setting on two separate scenarios: (i) pre-CEM setting with standard imaging, and clinical and histopathological results; and (ii) post-CEM setting with new imaging and corresponding histological findings from CEM. Alterations in surgical plan (if any) because of CEM imaging were recorded. Predictors CEM of patients who benefitted from surgical plan alterations were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS CEM resulted in altered surgical plans in 36 (18%) of 200 patients in this study. CEM discovered clinically significant larger tumor size or extent in 24 (12%) patients and additional tumors in 12 (6%) patients. CEM also detected additional benign/false-positive lesions in 13 (6.5%) of the 200 patients. Significant predictors of patients who benefitted from surgical alterations found on multivariate analysis were pre-CEM surgical decision for upfront breast conservation (OR, 7.7; 95% CI, 1.9-32.1; p = 0.005), architectural distortion on mammograms (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.3-42.9; p = .022), and tumor size of ≥ 1.5 cm (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.2; p = .034). CONCLUSION CEM is an effective imaging technique for pre-surgical planning for Asian breast cancer patients with dense breasts. KEY POINTS • CEM significantly altered surgical plans in 18% (nearly 1 in 5) of this Asian study cohort with dense breasts. • Significant patient and imaging predictors for surgical plan alteration include (i) patients considered for upfront breast-conserving surgery; (ii) architectural distortion lesions; and (iii) tumor size of ≥ 1.5 cm. • Additional false-positive/benign lesions detected through CEM were uncommon, affecting only 6.5% of the study cohort.
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15
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Dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy in the trastuzumab era: final long-term results of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III HE10/05 Trial. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:695-703. [PMID: 35610366 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with anthracyclines and taxanes achieved an 18% reduction of recurrence risk in early breast cancer (BC). The optimal chemotherapy schedule and interval between cycles remain under investigation. METHODS Overall, 990 patients were randomised to receive either three cycles of epirubicin (E, 110 mg/m2) every 2 weeks followed by 3 cycles of paclitaxel (T, 200 mg/m2) every 2 weeks followed by three cycles of intensified CMF (Control Arm A, E-T-CMF) that was previously used in BC or three cycles of epirubicin followed by three cycles of CMF followed by nine consecutive weekly cycles of docetaxel (wD) 35 mg/m2 (Arm B, E-CMF-wD) or nine consecutive weekly cycles of paclitaxel (wT) 80 mg/m2 (Arm C, E-CMF-wT). Trastuzumab was administered for HER2-positive disease. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 330 disease-free survival (DFS) events (33.3%) were reported. DFS and overall survival (OS) did not differ between patients in the combined B and C arms versus arm A either in the entire cohort (HR = 0.90, P = 0.38 and HR = 0.85, P = 0.20) or among trastuzumab-treated patients (HR = 0.69, P = 0.13 and HR = 0.67, P = 0.13). Thirty-four patients (3.4%) developed secondary neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no significant differences in survival were found amongst the studied regimens after a long-term observational period. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000151033.
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16
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Montagna G, Schaffar R, Bordoni A, Spitale A, Terribile DA, Rossi L, Bergeron Y, van der Linden BWA, Konzelmann I, Rohrmann S, Staehelin K, Maspoli-Conconi M, Bulliard JL, Meani F, Pagani O, Rapiti E. Management and Outcome of Young Women (≤40 Years) with Breast Cancer in Switzerland. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051328. [PMID: 35267635 PMCID: PMC8909610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An increase in breast cancer (BC) incidence in young women (YW) as well as disparities in BC outcomes have been reported in Switzerland. We sought to evaluate treatment and outcome differences among YW with BC (YWBC). Methods: YW diagnosed with stage I-III BC between 2000−2014 were identified through nine cancer registries. Concordance with international guidelines was assessed for 12 items covering clinical/surgical management, combined in a quality-of-care score. We compared score and survival outcome between the two linguistic-geographic regions of Switzerland (Swiss-Latin and Swiss-German) and evaluated the impact of quality-of-care on survival. Results: A total of 2477 women were included. The median age was 37.3 years (IQR 34.0−39.4 years), with 50.3% having stage II BC and 70.3% having estrogen receptor positive tumors. The mean quality-of-care score was higher in the Latin region compared to the German region (86.0% vs. 83.2%, p < 0.0005). Similarly, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were higher in the Latin compared to the German region (92.3% vs. 90.2%, p = 0.0593, and 84.3% vs. 81.5%, p = 0.0025, respectively). There was no difference in survival according to the score. In the univariate analysis, women in the Latin region had a 28% lower mortality risk compared to women in the German region (hazard ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.59−0.89). In the multivariable analysis, only stage, differentiation, tumor subtype and treatment period remained independently associated with survival. Conclusions: We identified geographic disparities in the treatment and outcome of YWBC in Switzerland. National guidelines for YWBC should be implemented to standardize treatment. Awareness should be raised among YW and clinicians that BC does not discriminate by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Montagna
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10001, USA;
| | - Robin Schaffar
- Geneva Cancer Registry, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Bordoni
- Ticino Cancer Registry, Cantonal Institute of Pathology, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Spitale
- Ticino Cancer Registry, Cantonal Institute of Pathology, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland; (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela A. Terribile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (F.M.); (O.P.)
| | - Yvan Bergeron
- Fribourg Cancer Registry, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland; (Y.B.); (B.W.A.v.d.L.)
| | - Bernadette W. A. van der Linden
- Fribourg Cancer Registry, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland; (Y.B.); (B.W.A.v.d.L.)
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Cancer Registry Zurich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Neuchâtel and Jura Cancer Registry, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (M.M.-C.); (J.-L.B.)
- Vaud Cancer Registry, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Meani
- Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (F.M.); (O.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Pagani
- Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (F.M.); (O.P.)
- Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Rapiti
- Geneva Cancer Registry, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-4950
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17
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Jacobs CF, Soesan M, Sonke GS. Concurrent chemo-endocrine treatment for early hormone-positive breast cancer: a no-go??? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:485-489. [PMID: 35132502 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine therapy is one of the cornerstones of early breast cancer treatment. While this medication could be initiated on the day of diagnosis, it is often postponed until after completion of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This practice is based on preclinical data suggesting an antagonistic effect between endocrine therapy and cytostatic agents, and on the interpretation of clinical trials comparing concurrent versus sequential use of tamoxifen and chemotherapy. These clinical trials, however, have never shown a statistically significant difference in overall survival or disease-free survival and focused on tamoxifen rather than aromatase inhibitors. Nevertheless, sequentially administered endocrine and chemotherapy have become standard of care worldwide. RESULTS We performed a literature review and conclude that concurrent endocrine chemotherapy is at least as effective as sequential treatment. In fact, higher response rates have been observed in trials with aromatase inhibitors rather than tamoxifen in a neoadjuvant setting. CONCLUSION We encourage breast cancer oncologists to re-consider concurrent endocrine chemotherapy as a possible treatment strategy enabling early start of potentially curative endocrine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Jacobs
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, NKI-AvL, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Soesan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, NKI-AvL, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, NKI-AvL, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Prognostic Value of HER2-Low Expression in Non-Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Correlation with Other Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236059. [PMID: 34885167 PMCID: PMC8656488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-low breast cancer (i.e., HER 1+ or 2+, without gene amplification) is an emerging subtype for which very few data are available, especially within the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group. Our aim was to evaluate HER2 expression and its prognostic value in a large retrospective series of patients with non-metastatic TNBC (median age: 57.7 years; range: 28.5-98.6). Among the 296 TNBC samples, 83.8% were HER2 0, 13.5% were HER2 1+, and 2.7% were HER2 2+ (HercepTestTM and 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 scoring). CK5/6 and/or EGFR-expressing androgen receptors and FOXA1-expressing tumors were classified as basal-like (63.8%) and molecular apocrine-like (MA, 40.2%), respectively. Compared with HER2 0 tumors, HER2 1+/2+ tumors exhibited a lower histological grade (1/2) (35.4% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.007) and MA profile (57.5% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.008). Moreover, patients with HER2 1+/2+ tumors were older (p = 0.047). After a median follow-up of 9.7 years, HER2 2+ tumors (compared with HER2 0/1+ tumors) were associated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 3.16, 95% CI [1.27; 7.85], p = 0.034) in a univariate analysis. Overall survival (OS) and RFS were not different in the HER2 0 and 1+/2+ groups. HER2 levels were not significantly associated with OS or RFS in a multivariate analysis.
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Variable Expression of the Disialoganglioside GD2 in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215577. [PMID: 34771738 PMCID: PMC8582848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary GD2 is an antigen that is tumor-specific and can be used as a target for specific immunotherapies. Since the knowledge about GD2 in breast cancer is limited, we analyzed the frequency of GD2 expression in breast cancer using two different staining methods and the impact of GD2 expression on the survival of breast cancer patients. GD2 expression was found in more than 50% of breast cancer cases, with the highest frequency in hormone receptor-positive tumors. GD2 expression was not significantly associated with patient outcome. Unlike previous studies with smaller sample sizes that lacked correlation with clinical data, this study includes a larger cohort and associations with survival data and shows that GD2 is expressed on human breast cancer cells, providing a potential target for immunotherapies (e.g., anti-GD2 antibodies or GD2 CAR T cells), that are currently undergoing clinical testing. Abstract The disialoganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated antigen that may allow for the application of targeted immunotherapies (anti-GD2 antibodies, GD2 CAR T cells) in patients with neuroblastoma and other solid tumors. We retrospectively investigated GD2 expression in a breast cancer cohort, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) on tissue microarrays (TMAs), and its impact on survival. GD2 expression on IHC (n = 568) and IF (n = 503) was investigated in relation to subtypes and patient outcome. Overall, 50.2% of the 568 IHC-assessed samples and 69.8% of the 503 IF-assessed samples were GD2-positive. The highest proportion of GD2-positive tumors was observed in luminal tumors. Significantly fewer GD2-positive cases were detected in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with other subtypes. The proportion of GD2-expressing tumors were significantly lower in HER2-positive breast cancer in comparison with luminal tumors on IF staining (but not IHC). GD2 expression of IHC or IF was not significantly associated with disease-free or overall survival, in either the overall cohort or in individual subtypes. However, GD2 expression can be seen in more than 50% of breast cancer cases, with the highest frequency in hormone receptor-positive tumors. With this high expression frequency, patients with GD2-positive advanced breast cancer of all subtypes may benefit from GD2-targeting immunotherapies, which are currently subject to clinical testing.
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Feng W, Gao Y, Lu XR, Xu YS, Guo ZZ, Lei JQ. Correlation between molecular prognostic factors and magnetic resonance imaging intravoxel incoherent motion histogram parameters in breast cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 85:262-270. [PMID: 34740800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of the quantitative parameter histogram analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for different molecular prognostic factors of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 patients with breast cancer who were confirmed by surgical pathology and underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed retrospectively. A region of interest (ROI) was drawn in each slice of the IVIM images. Whole-tumor histogram parameters were obtained with Firevoxel's software by accumulating all ROIs. Next, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and spearman rank correlation analysis were used to assess the relationship between histogram parameters and molecular prognostic factors of breast cancer. RESULTS Among estrogen receptor (ER)-negative ROCs, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 10th percentile had the highest ROC of 0.792, with a cut-off value of 0.788 × 10-3 mm2/s, and sensitivity and specificity of 0.714 and 0.867, respectively. The negative correlation between lymph node metastasis status and ADC standard deviation was significant (ρ = -0.44, the correlation coefficients was represented by ρ). Positive correlations were observed between hormonal expression of ER and progesterone receptor (PR) with heterogeneity metrics of ADC or perfusion fraction (f), such as ADC inhomogeneity (ρ = 0.37, ρ = 0.29) and f skewness (ρ = 0.32, ρ = 0.28). Negative correlations were observed with numerical metrics, such as the ADC median (ρ = -0.31, ρ = -0.34) and f 45th percentile (ρ = -0.35, ρ = -0.28). The positive correlations between human epidermal receptor factor-2 (HER2) and pseudo-diffusivity (Dp) numerical metrics, Ki-67 expression, and heterogeneity metrics of Dp were high. CONCLUSIONS The ADC 10th percentile had the largest area under the curve in the ER-negative ROC analysis, and the ADC standard deviation was the most valuable in the correlation analysis of lymph node metastasis. Whole-lesion quantitative histogram parameters of IVIM could, therefore, provide a scientific basis for radiomics to further guide clinical practice in the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Radiology, the First hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Radiology, the First hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xing-Ru Lu
- Department of Radiology, the First hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, the First hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuan-Zhuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Lei
- Department of Radiology, the First hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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Butani D, Gupta N, Jyani G, Bahuguna P, Kapoor R, Prinja S. Cost-effectiveness of Tamoxifen, Aromatase Inhibitor, and Switch Therapy (Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy) for Breast Cancer in Hormone Receptor Positive Postmenopausal Women in India. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:625-640. [PMID: 34866937 PMCID: PMC8636459 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s331831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women in India. Treatment with hormone therapy reduces recurrence. We undertook this cost-effectiveness study to ascertain the treatment option offering the best value for money. Methods The lifetime costs and health outcomes of using tamoxifen, AI and switch therapy were measured in a cohort of 50-year-old women with HR-positive early stage breast cancer. A Markov model of disease was developed using a societal perspective with a lifetime study horizon. Local, contralateral, and distant recurrence were modelled along with treatment related adverse effects. Primary data collected to obtain estimates of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and utility weights. Both health system cost and OOPE were included. The future costs and consequences were discounted at 3%. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used. Results The lifetime cost of hormone therapy with tamoxifen, AI and switch therapy was to be ₹1,472,037 (I$ 68,947), ₹1,306,794 (I$ 61,208) and ₹1,281,811 (I$ 60,038). The QALYs lived per patient receiving tamoxifen, AI and switch were 13.12, 13.42 and 13.32. tamoxifen was found to be more expensive and less effective. As compared to switch therapy, AI for five years incurred an incremental cost of ₹259,792 (I$12,168) per QALY gained. At the willingness to pay equals to per capita GDP of India, there is 55% probability of AI therapy to be cost-effective compared to switch therapy. Conclusion In postmenopausal women with HR-positive early-stage breast cancer, switch therapy is recommended for use on the basis of cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Butani
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Jyani
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Bahuguna
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Correspondence: Shankar Prinja Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaTel +91 9872871978 Email
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Level of Combined Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Expression Determines the Eligibility for Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195007. [PMID: 34638491 PMCID: PMC8508141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients whose breast cancers express low levels of hormone receptor (HR) could be eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy; however, limited data are available to support this notion. Our retrospective study investigated the characteristics and survival of 6042 breast cancer patients according to four HR groups of combined estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. HR expression levels were prognostic for its recurrence and death of patients with breast cancer. Patients whose tumors expressed high levels of a single HR had the worst survival outcomes, and their risk of death continuously increased even after the 10-year follow-up. Endocrine therapy had a significant benefit for those whose tumors expressed high HR levels and a favorable tendency for patients with tumors expressing low HR levels. We established the value of HR expression level as a prognostic factor and the possible benefit of endocrine therapy for patients whose breast tumors expressed low HR levels. Abstract Hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer has a heterogeneous pattern according to the level of receptor expression. Patients whose breast cancers express low levels of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PgR) may be eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy, but limited data are available to support this notion. We aimed to determine whether HR expression level is related to prognosis. Tumors from 6042 patients with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed for combined HR levels of ER and PgR. Low expression was defined as ER 1–10% and PgR 1–20%. Four HR groups were identified by combining ER and PgR expression levels. Patients whose tumors expressed high levels of a single receptor showed the worst survival outcomes, and their risk continuously increased even after the 10-year follow-up. Endocrine therapy had a significant benefit for patients whose tumors expressed high HR levels and a favorable tendency for patients with tumors expressing low HR levels. We established the possible benefit of endocrine therapy for patients whose breast tumors expressed low HR levels. Thus, HR level was a prognostic factor and might be a determinant of extended therapy, especially for patients with high expression of a single receptor.
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Sechel G, Rogozea LM, Roman NA, Ciurescu D, Cocuz ME, Manea RM. Analysis of breast cancer subtypes and their correlations with receptors and ultrasound. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 62:269-278. [PMID: 34609431 PMCID: PMC8597389 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to evaluate the ultrasound (US) signs of the mammary lesions classified in the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score category 3, 4, and 5, corresponding to US BI-RADS. It also followed the correlation between US changes of lesions suggestive for malignancy with the histopathological results and evaluated the proper management of those lesions. There were correlations of breast cancer (BC) subtypes with the receptors [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)], and Ki67 index, and the signs of conventional ultrasonography and US elastography. We selected 108 female patients examined with US, mammography and fine-needle biopsy who presented suspicions for malignancy lesions. Following the immunohistochemical analysis, they were classified in one of the BC subtypes. According to chi-squared analysis of molecular cancer subtypes correlation to receptors and Ki67 index, we found significant associations between both luminal A and luminal B HER2-negative subtypes and hormone receptors (ER, PR). These have an inverse relationship with Ki67 index elevated values; luminal B HER2-positive subtype has a direct association with HER2 presence; HER2-enriched subtype was statistically significant associated to HER2 presence and elevated Ki67 index values but had an inverse relationship to hormone receptors (ER, PR); triple-negative subtype was strongly associated to Ki67 index values and inversely correlated to ER and PR. We found luminal A subtype as being the most common and luminal B HER2-positive subtype as having the fewer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sechel
- Department of Basic, Preventive and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Romania;
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Erber R, Hartmann A, Fasching PA, Ruebner M, Stöhr R, Beckmann MW, Zentgraf M, Popp V, Weidler J, Simon I, Becker S, Huebner H, Fischer J, Guerini Rocco E, Viale G, Cayre A, Penault-Llorca F, Caniego Casas T, Pérez-Miés B, Palacios J, Jank P, Denkert C, Khoury L, Mairinger T, Ferrazzi F. Reproducibility of mRNA-Based Testing of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer-A Europe-Wide External Quality Assessment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184718. [PMID: 34572945 PMCID: PMC8470348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Four biomarkers [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki-67, and HER2], are used to stratify breast cancer (BC) into subtypes predictive of therapy response. In a Europe-wide external quality assessment, we compared performance of an mRNA-based method [Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 (CE-IVD)] for determining ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 expression against the gold standard [immunohistochemistry (IHC)/HER2 in situ hybridization (ISH)]. The coordinating center (CC) and five European laboratories tested ten breast cancer samples. STRAT4 binary (positive or negative) results of each marker were compared with the gold standard. ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA results were concordant with IHC/ISH in all single analyses. In contrast, PGR and MKI67 results were discordant in a few cases, which had STRAT4 expression values close to assay cut-offs and immunohistochemically presented heterogeneous low positive PgR and heterogeneous Ki-67. STRAT4 assay may be a reproducible method. However, cases with expression values close to cut-offs should be carefully reviewed. Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki-67, and HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) together with HER2 in situ hybridization (ISH) are utilized to classify invasive breast cancer (IBC) into predictive molecular subtypes. As IHC evaluation may be hampered by analytical errors, gene expression assays could offer a reliable alternative. In this first Europe-wide external quality assessment (EQA) study, we investigated performance of mRNA-based Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 (CE-IVD) in five European laboratories. The cohort comprised ten pre-therapy IBC core biopsies diagnosed in the coordinating center (CC). STRAT4 binary (positive or negative) mRNA results of each marker (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, MKI67) were compared with the gold standard IHC/ISH performed by the CC. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA were 100% for all samples. In contrast, PGR expression was falsely negative for one case by two sites and MKI67 falsely negative for two cases (respectively by four and one sites). These cases had STRAT4 expression values close to assay cut-offs and immunohistochemically presented heterogeneous low positive PgR and heterogeneous Ki-67. Our EQA shows that STRAT4 mRNA assay may be a reproducible method to evaluate ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki-67 status. However, cases with expression values close to assay cut-offs should be carefully reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (A.H.); Tel.: +49-9131-85-43634 (R.E.); +49-9131-85-22287 (A.H.)
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (A.H.); Tel.: +49-9131-85-43634 (R.E.); +49-9131-85-22287 (A.H.)
| | - Peter Andreas Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.F.); (M.R.); (M.W.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.F.); (M.R.); (M.W.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.F.); (M.R.); (M.W.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Miriam Zentgraf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Verena Popp
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Jodi Weidler
- Cepheid, Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, 904 Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA; (J.W.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Iris Simon
- Cepheid, Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, 904 Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA; (J.W.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Steffi Becker
- Cepheid, Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, 904 Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA; (J.W.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.F.); (M.R.); (M.W.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Josephine Fischer
- Qualitätssicherungs-Initiative Pathologie QuIP GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Elena Guerini Rocco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.G.R.); (G.V.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.G.R.); (G.V.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Cayre
- Centre Jean Perrin, Department of Pathology and Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, U1240, “Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques”, F-63011 Clermont Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (F.P.-L.)
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Centre Jean Perrin, Department of Pathology and Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, U1240, “Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques”, F-63011 Clermont Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (F.P.-L.)
| | - Tamara Caniego Casas
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (T.C.C.); (B.P.-M.); (J.P.)
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Miés
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (T.C.C.); (B.P.-M.); (J.P.)
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (T.C.C.); (B.P.-M.); (J.P.)
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, UKGM—University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (P.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, UKGM—University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (P.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Lina Khoury
- MVZ Helios Hospital Emil von Behring GmbH, 14165 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- MVZ Helios Hospital Emil von Behring GmbH, 14165 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (M.Z.); (V.P.); (F.F.)
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Sentinel lymph node assessment in breast cancer-an update on current recommendations. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:95-107. [PMID: 34164706 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the preferred method of surgical pathological nodal staging of early breast cancer by the end of the nineties. As the most likely sites of metastasis, the SLNs allow a more precise staging, and indeed gross sectioning, step sectioning, immunohistochemistry, and molecular staging methods have been used to disclose metastatic involvement of these lymph nodes. This review summarizes the backgrounds of SLNB, trends in related surgery and pathology. It also gives an insight into European National recommendations related to SLN and divergent daily practices in European pathology departments, on the basis of replies to questionnaires from 84 pathologists from 38 European countries. The questionnaires revealed the post-neoadjuvant setting as an area where a significant minority of pathologists report less confidence in classifying residual nodal involvement into TNM categories. The review also summarizes the neoadjuvant therapy-related aspects of SLNB.
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Boissière-Michot F, Jacot W, Massol O, Mollevi C, Lazennec G. CXCR2 Levels Correlate with Immune Infiltration and a Better Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102328. [PMID: 34066060 PMCID: PMC8151934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor microenvironment is critical for cancer progression. The role of the chemokine receptors in breast cancers is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to focus on a retrospective cohort of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and analyze the involvement of CXCR2 and its link with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint markers. High densities of CXCR2-positive cells were associated with high-grade tumors. Higher quantities of CXCR2-positive cells were correlated with elevated density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, expression of PD-L1 by tumor and stromal cells and of PD-1 by stromal cells. In univariate analysis, low levels of CXCR2 were correlated with poor OS and RFS. In multivariate analysis, low levels of CXCR2 were associated with poor OS. Overall, our data highlight the potential beneficial association of high levels of CXCR2 with a subgroup of TNBC patients characterized by a better prognosis. Abstract Chemokines and their receptors are key players in breast cancer progression and outcome. Previous studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR2 was expressed at higher levels by cells of the tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The aim of this study was to focus our attention on a retrospective cohort of 290 TNBC cases and analyze the involvement of CXCR2, CD11b (a marker of granulocytes) and CD66b (a marker of neutrophils) and their link with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint markers. We report that high densities of CXCR2-, CD11b- and CD66b-positive cells were associated with high-grade tumors. Moreover, molecular apocrine TNBCs, defined here as tumors that express both AR and FOXA1 biomarkers, exhibited low levels of CXCR2 and CD11b. High CXCR2 and CD11b levels were correlated with elevated density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, expression of PD-L1 by tumor and stromal cells and of PD-1 by stromal cells. On the other hand, CD66b levels were associated only with CD8+, stromal PD-L1 and PD-1 expression. In univariate analysis, low levels of CXCR2 were correlated with poor OS and RFS. In multivariate analysis, low levels of CXCR2 were associated with poor OS. Finally, in TNBC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, CXCR2 density was associated with longer RFS. Overall, our data highlight the potential beneficial association of high levels of CXCR2 with a subgroup of TNBC patients characterized by a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Boissière-Michot
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d’Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France; (F.B.-M.); (W.J.); (O.M.); (C.M.)
| | - William Jacot
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d’Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France; (F.B.-M.); (W.J.); (O.M.); (C.M.)
- Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Océane Massol
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d’Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France; (F.B.-M.); (W.J.); (O.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d’Aurelle, 34298 Montpellier, France; (F.B.-M.); (W.J.); (O.M.); (C.M.)
- Institut Desbrest d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMR Inserm—Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- CNRS, SYS2DIAG, ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184 Montpellier, France
- CNRS, GDR 3697 “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, Micronit, France
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Xiao Q, Yang M, Chai Q, Huang Y, Wu PY, Niu Q, Gu Y. Histogram analysis of quantitative parameters from synthetic MRI: Correlations with prognostic factors and molecular subtypes in invasive ductal breast cancer. Eur J Radiol 2021; 139:109697. [PMID: 33857828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate intra-tumoral heterogeneity through a histogram analysis of quantitative parameters obtained from synthetic MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and determine correlations of these histogram characteristics with prognostic factors and molecular subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS A total of 122 IDC from 122 women who underwent preoperative synthetic MRI and DCE (dynamic contrast enhancement)-MRI were investigated. The synthetic MRI parameters (T1, T2, and PD (proton density)) were obtained. For each parameter, the minimum, 10th percentile, mean, median, 90th percentile, maximum, skewness, and kurtosis values of tumor were calculated, and correlations with prognostic factors and subtypes were assessed. The Mann-Whitney U test or the Student's t test were utilized to analyze the association between the histogram features of synthetic MRI parameters and prognostic factors. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post-hoc test was used to analyze differences of synthetic MRI parameters among molecular subtypes. RESULTS IDC with high histopathologic grade showed statistically higher PDmaxium, T1mean and T1median values than those with low grade (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.003). The T110th were significantly higher in cancers with PR (progesterone receptor) negativity than those with PR positivity (p = 0.005). ER-negative cancers had significant higher values of T210th, T2mean, and T2median than ER-positive cancers (p = 0.006, 0.002, and 0.006, respectively). The values of PDmedian were significantly higher in IDC with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positivity than those with HER2 negativity (p = 0.001). When discriminating molecular subtypes of IDC, the T2mean achieved the highest performance. The T2mean values of TN (triple-negative), luminal B and luminal A types are arranged in descending order (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Histogram features derived from synthetic MRI quantifies the distributions of tissue relaxation time and proton density, and may serve as a potential biomarker for discriminating histopathological grade, hormone receptor status, HER2 expression status and breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghuan Chai
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qingliang Niu
- Department of Radiology, WeiFang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weizhou Road No. 1055, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yajia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Villegas SL, Nekljudova V, Pfarr N, Engel J, Untch M, Schrodi S, Holms F, Ulmer HU, Fasching PA, Weber KE, Albig C, Heinrichs C, Marmé F, Hartmann A, Hanusch C, Schmitt WD, Huober J, Lederer B, van Mackelenbergh M, Tesch H, Jackisch C, Rezai M, Sinn P, Sinn BV, Hackmann J, Kiechle M, Schneeweiss A, Weichert W, Denkert C, Loibl S. Therapy response and prognosis of patients with early breast cancer with low positivity for hormone receptors - An analysis of 2765 patients from neoadjuvant clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 2021; 148:159-170. [PMID: 33743484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) with a low hormone receptor (HR) expression, with regard to pathological complete response (pCR) and survival, in comparison to triple-negative BC (TNBC) and strong HR-positive BC. METHODS We compared negative [oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) <1%], low-positive (ER and/or PR 1-9%) and strong-positive (ER or PR 10-100%) HR-expression in neoadjuvant clinical trial cohorts (n = 2765) of BC patients. End-points were disease-free survival (DFS), distant-disease free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed RNA sequencing on available tumour tissue samples from patients with low-HR expression (n = 38). RESULTS Ninety-four (3.4%) patients had low HR-positive tumours, 1769 (64.0%) had strong HR-positive tumours, and 902 (32.6%) had TNBC. There were no significant differences in pCR rates between women with low HR-positive tumours (27.7%) and women with TNBC (35.5%). DFS and DDFS were also not different [for DFS, hazard ratio 1.26, 95%-CI (confidence interval) : 0.87-1.83, log-rank test p = 0.951; for DDFS, hazard ratio 1.17, 95%-CI: 0.78-1.76, log-rank test p = 0.774]. Patients with strong HR-positive tumours had a significantly lower pCR rate (pCR 9.4%; odds ratio 0.38, 95%-CI: 0.23-0.63), but better DFS (hazard ratio 0.48, 95%-CI: 0.33-0.70) and DDFS (hazard ratio 0.49, 95%-CI: 0.33-0.74) than patients with low HR-positive tumours. Molecular subtyping (RNA sequencing) of low HR-positive tumours classified these predominantly into a basal subtype (86.8%). CONCLUSION Low HR-positive, HER2-negative tumours have a similar clinical behaviour to TNBC showing high pCR rates and poor survival and also a basal-like gene expression signature. Patients with low HR-positive tumours should be regarded as candidates for therapy strategies targeting TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L Villegas
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of General and Surgical Pathology of the Technical University of Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jutta Engel
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR), Bavarian Cancer Registry - Regional Centre Munich (LGL) at the University Hospital of Munich, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Untch
- Breast Cancer Center, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Schrodi
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR), Bavarian Cancer Registry - Regional Centre Munich (LGL) at the University Hospital of Munich, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten E Weber
- German Breast Group (GBG Forschungs GmbH), Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Albig
- Institute of General and Surgical Pathology of the Technical University of Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang D Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Department of Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bianca Lederer
- German Breast Group (GBG Forschungs GmbH), Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno V Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Hackmann
- Department of Gynecology, Marien Hospital Witten, Witten, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of General and Surgical Pathology of the Technical University of Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group (GBG Forschungs GmbH), Neu-Isenburg, Germany.
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Zaguirre K, Kai M, Kubo M, Yamada M, Kurata K, Kawaji H, Kaneshiro K, Harada Y, Hayashi S, Shimazaki A, Morisaki T, Mori H, Oda Y, Chen S, Moriyama T, Shimizu S, Nakamura M. Validity of the prognostication tool PREDICT version 2.2 in Japanese breast cancer patients. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1605-1613. [PMID: 33452761 PMCID: PMC7940221 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction PREDICT is a prognostication tool that calculates the potential benefit of various postsurgical treatments on the overall survival (OS) of patients with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer. Once patient, tumor, and treatment details have been entered, the tool will show the estimated 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year OS outcomes, both with and without adjuvant therapies. This study aimed to conduct an external validation of the prognostication tool PREDICT version 2.2 by evaluating its predictive accuracy of the 5‐ and 10‐year OS outcomes among female patients with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer in Japan. Methods All female patients diagnosed from 2001 to 2013 with unilateral, nonmetastatic, invasive breast cancer and had undergone surgical treatment at Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, were selected. Observed and predicted 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were analyzed for the validation population and the subgroups. Calibration and discriminatory accuracy were assessed using Chi‐squared goodness‐of‐fit test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results A total of 636 eligible cases were selected from 1, 213 records. Predicted and observed OS differed by 0.9% (p = 0.322) for 5‐year OS, and 2.4% (p = 0.086) for 10‐year OS. Discriminatory accuracy results for 5‐year (AUC = 0.707) and 10‐year (AUC = 0.707) OS were fairly well. Conclusion PREDICT tool accurately estimated the 5‐ and 10‐year OS in the overall Japanese study population. However, caution should be used for interpretation of the 5‐year OS outcomes in patients that are ≥65 years old, and also for the 10‐year OS outcomes in patients that are ≥65 years old, those with histologic grade 3 and Luminal A tumors, and in those considering ETx or no systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Zaguirre
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Masaya Kai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mai Yamada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Kurata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kawaji
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kaneshiro
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yurina Harada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Hayashi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Shimazaki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Morisaki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sanmei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,International Medical Department, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuji Shimizu
- International Medical Department, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Han Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Yu P, Yuan P, Ma F, Fan Y, Luo Y, Zhang P, Li Q, Cai R, Chen S, Li Q, Xu B. Prognostic Model and Nomogram for Estimating Survival of Small Breast Cancer: A SEER-based Analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e497-e505. [PMID: 33277191 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different clinicopathologic characteristics could contribute to inconsistent prognoses of small breast neoplasms (T1a/T1b). This study was done to conduct a retrospective analysis and establish a clinical prediction model to predict individual survival outcomes of patients with small carcinomas of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, eligible patients with small breast carcinomas were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to clarify the indicators of overall survival. Pooling risk factors enabled nomograms to be constructed and further predicted 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival of patients with small breast cancer. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration. RESULTS A total of 17,543 patients with small breast neoplasms diagnosed between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled. Histologic grade, lymph node stage, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer were regarded as the risk factors of prognosis in a Cox proportional hazards model (P < .05). A nomogram was constructed to give predictive accuracy toward individual survival rate of patients with small breast neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS This prognostic model provided a robust and effective method to predict the prognosis of patients with small breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruigang Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Erber R, Meyer J, Taubert H, Fasching PA, Wach S, Häberle L, Gaß P, Schulz-Wendtland R, Landgraf L, Olbricht S, Jung R, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Ruebner M. PIWI-Like 1 and PIWI-Like 2 Expression in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102742. [PMID: 32987715 PMCID: PMC7598687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A family of proteins, the PIWI proteins, play a crucial role in the regulation of the development of germ cells and self-preservation of so-called stem cells. Former studies have shown that these proteins can be over- or underrepresented (over-/underexpressed) in some cancers and, in the case of abnormal expression, may be correlated with worse outcomes of tumor patients. In our study, we investigated the influence of the two PIWI proteins, PIWI-like 1 and PIWI-like 2, on the survival of breast cancer patients and their correlation with certain breast cancer subtypes. If a breast cancer showed a higher expression of PIWI-like 1 protein but less PIWI-like 2 protein than in non-tumorous tissue, the patient suffered from a more aggressive breast cancer subtype and had shorter survival. By analyzing these two proteins in breast cancer, we were able to predict tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. Abstract PIWI-like 1 and PIWI-like 2 play a role in stem cell self-renewal, and enhanced expression has been reported for several tumor entities. However, few studies have investigated PIWI-like 1 and PIWI-like 2 expressions in breast cancer subtypes regarding prognosis. Therefore, we examined protein expression in a large consecutive cohort of breast cancer patients and correlated it to breast cancer subtypes and survival outcome. PIWI-like 1 and PIWI-like 2 expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 894 breast cancer patients, of whom 363 were eligible for further analysis. Percentage and intensity of stained tumor cells were analyzed and an immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated. The interaction of PIWI-like 1 and PIWI-like 2 showed a prognostic effect on survival. For the combination of high PIWI-like 1 and low PIWI-like 2 expressions, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were significantly higher with regard to overall survival (OS) (HR 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24, 6.90), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 3.27; 95% CI 1.48, 7.20), and distant disease-free survival (DDFS) (HR 7.64; 95% CI 2.35, 24.82). Both proteins were significantly associated with molecular-like and PAM50 subgroups. Combining high PIWI-like 1 and low PIWI-like 2 expressions predicted poorer prognosis and both markers were associated with aggressive molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen—Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg(EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (S.O.); (R.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-9131-85-43634 (R.E.)
| | - Julia Meyer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Biostatistics Unit, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Biostatistics Unit, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Gaß
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
| | - Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Laura Landgraf
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen—Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg(EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (S.O.); (R.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Sabrina Olbricht
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen—Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg(EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (S.O.); (R.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Rudolf Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen—Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg(EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (S.O.); (R.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen—Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg(EMN), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (S.O.); (R.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (P.A.F.); (L.H.); (P.G.); (M.W.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-9131-85-43634 (R.E.)
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Li X, Liu L, Goodall GJ, Schreiber A, Xu T, Li J, Le TD. A novel single-cell based method for breast cancer prognosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008133. [PMID: 32833968 PMCID: PMC7470419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Various computational methods using bulk RNA-seq data have been proposed for breast cancer prognosis. However, these methods suffer from limited performances or ambiguous biological relevance, as a result of the neglect of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Recently, single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged for studying tumor heterogeneity at cellular levels. In this paper, we propose a novel method, scPrognosis, to improve breast cancer prognosis with scRNA-seq data. scPrognosis uses the scRNA-seq data of the biological process Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). It firstly infers the EMT pseudotime and a dynamic gene co-expression network, then uses an integrative model to select genes important in EMT based on their expression variation and differentiation in different stages of EMT, and their roles in the dynamic gene co-expression network. To validate and apply the selected signatures to breast cancer prognosis, we use them as the features to build a prediction model with bulk RNA-seq data. The experimental results show that scPrognosis outperforms other benchmark breast cancer prognosis methods that use bulk RNA-seq data. Moreover, the dynamic changes in the expression of the selected signature genes in EMT may provide clues to the link between EMT and clinical outcomes of breast cancer. scPrognosis will also be useful when applied to scRNA-seq datasets of different biological processes other than EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Lin Liu
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Schreiber
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Taosheng Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiuyong Li
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Thuc D. Le
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Zhou S, Yang F, Bai Q, Li A, Li M, Zhong S, Lv H, Shui R, Tu X, Bi R, Xu X, Cheng Y, Yu B, Tang S, Sun X, Zhou X, Yang W. Intense basolateral membrane staining indicates HER2 positivity in invasive micropapillary breast carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1275-1286. [PMID: 31974492 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is characterized by the inside-out growth of tumor clusters and displays incomplete membrane immunostaining of HER2. According to the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) HER2-testing recommendation, moderate to intense but incomplete staining could be scored as immunohistochemical 2+. Furthermore, the criteria of immunohistochemical 3+ for this staining pattern are not mentioned. One hundred and forty-seven cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma with moderate-to-intense HER2 immunostaining were enrolled. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma components of all cases were scored as immunohistochemical 2+ based on the 2018 ASCO/CAP recommendation. The invasive micropapillary carcinoma component varied from 10% to 100% (mean, 80%). Invasive micropapillary carcinoma components of all 147 tumors exhibited reversed polarity and incomplete basolateral HER2 membrane staining. One hundred and seventeen of the tumors (80%, 117/147) had moderate staining, and 38 (32%, 38/117) showed HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. HER2 gene was amplified in all the remaining 30 tumors (20%, 30/147) that exhibited intense basolateral membrane staining. Besides, average HER2 signals per cell and ratio of HER2/CEP17 were significantly higher in the intense-staining tumors compared with the moderate-staining tumors (p < 0.0001). Follow-up data were available for 140 patients. None of the patients were died. The follow-up time ranged from 1 month to 99 months (median, 57 months). Thirteen (9%, 13/140) patients exhibited disease progression (recurrence or metastasis). HER2 gene amplification was correlated inversely with estrogen receptor (p = 0.000) and progesterone receptor (p = 0.000) expression, and positively with histological grade (p = 0.003) and disease progression (p = 0.000). Invasive micropapillary carcinoma with intense clear linear basolateral membrane immunostaining indicates HER2 positivity, even if the staining is incomplete. They should be classified as immunohistochemical 3+ rather than immunohistochemical 2+, which would avoid further fluorescence in-situ hybridization-testing procedure and greatly save the related time, labor, and financial costs. Ultimately, ensure all patients with HER2 gene amplification obtain effective targeted therapy in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruohong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Tu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yufan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaoxian Tang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China.
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Maranta AF, Broder S, Fritzsche C, Knauer M, Thürlimann B, Jochum W, Ruhstaller T. Do YOU know the Ki-67 index of your breast cancer patients? Knowledge of your institution's Ki-67 index distribution and its robustness is essential for decision-making in early breast cancer. Breast 2020; 51:120-126. [PMID: 32302928 PMCID: PMC7375657 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The proliferative activity of the Ki-67 index is important in decision-making of adjuvant treatments in early breast cancer. Its reliability can be reduced by inter-observer variability. This analysis' objective is to evaluate the robustness of Ki-67 values within one center over 5 years and to compare its distribution with a published dataset. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ki-67 indices of early breast cancers treated at St. Gallen Breast Center were collected (2010-2014; 1154 patients). Distribution of Ki-67 values was analyzed for each year, along with histologic subtype and grading. Tumors were classified into intrinsic subtypes using two definitions: 2013 St. Gallen Consensus and the refined definition by Maisonneuve ("Milano Group"). Our institution's Ki-67 cut-off value was adjusted to obtain the same distribution of luminal subtypes as published data of the Milano Group. RESULTS Ki-67 index frequency distributions were comparable between years (mean 26-30%, median 22-26%). Shape and position of the distribution curves were nearly identical. Ki-67 values correlated with tumor grade (median Ki-67: G1: 12.0%, G2: 21%, G3: 38%). Standard deviation of Ki-67 increased with higher grading (G1: 6.9; G2: 9.2; G3: 18.2; p < 0.001). According to the 2013 definition (and refined definition respectively), there were 35% (41%) luminal A-like and 65% (59%) luminal B-like tumors. To obtain the same distribution as the Milano group, Ki-67 cut-off needed to be elevated to 22%. CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 index assessment was comparable over many years. Knowledge of one's institution's Ki-67 value distribution is essential for clinical decision-making of adjuvant therapies in early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fischer Maranta
- Department of Oncology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Broder
- Department of Oncology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Fritzsche
- Institute of Pathology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Knauer
- Breast Center, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thürlimann
- Breast Center, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- Breast Center, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
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Jacot W, Lopez-Crapez E, Mollevi C, Boissière-Michot F, Simony-Lafontaine J, Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Chartron E, Theillet C, Lemoine A, Saffroy R, Lamy PJ, Guiu S. BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Good Prognosis and Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040828. [PMID: 32235500 PMCID: PMC7225997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant hypermethylation of BRCA1 promoter CpG islands induces the decreased expression of BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1) protein. It can be detected in sporadic breast cancer without BRCA1 pathogenic variants, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We investigated BRCA1 hypermethylation status (by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and MassARRAY® assays), and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their clinicopathological significance in 248 chemotherapy-naïve TNBC samples. Fifty-five tumors (22%) exhibited BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, with a high concordance rate between MS-PCR and MassARRAY® results. Promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced IHC BRCA1 protein expression (p = 0.005), and expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) by tumor and immune cells (p = 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). A trend was found between promoter hypermethylation and basal marker staining (p = 0.058), and between BRCA1 expression and a basal-like phenotype. In multivariate analysis, relapse-free survival was significantly associated with N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and histological subtype. Overall survival was significantly associated with T and N stage, histology, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, patients with tumors harboring BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation derived the most benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation is associated with TNBC sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy, basal-like features and PD-L1 expression. BRCA1 IHC expression is not a good surrogate marker for promoter hypermethylation and is not independently associated with prognosis. Association between promoter hypermethylation and sensitivity to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors needs to be evaluated in a specific series of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-67-61-31-00; Fax: +33-4-67-63-28-73
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Joelle Simony-Lafontaine
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Ho-Pun-Cheung
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Elodie Chartron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Antoinette Lemoine
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Raphael Saffroy
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique, Imagenome-Inovie, Clinique BeauSoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France;
- Biological Resources Center, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
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Alhaddad JB, Bleibel JZ, Hoteit M, Bou Harb S, Haddad YB. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e919477. [PMID: 32222723 PMCID: PMC7161935 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.919477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 69-year-old Final Diagnosis: ARDS secondary to radiotherapy for breast cancer Symptoms: Acute respiratory distress • dyspnea • hypotension • hypoxemia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerar Z Bleibel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayssaa Hoteit
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souad Bou Harb
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef B Haddad
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Lebanese Hospital University Medical Center - Geitaoui, Beirut, Lebanon
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37
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Scimeca M, Trivigno D, Bonfiglio R, Ciuffa S, Urbano N, Schillaci O, Bonanno E. Breast cancer metastasis to bone: From epithelial to mesenchymal transition to breast osteoblast-like cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:155-164. [PMID: 32045651 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlighted the newest aspects concerning the physiopathology of breast cancer metastatization into the bone including: a) in situ biomarkers of breast cancer metastatic diseases, b) biological processes related to the origin of metastatic cells (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), c) the nature and the possible role of Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells in the formation of bone lesions and d) the prognostic value of breast microcalcifications for the bone metastatic disease. In addition, the more recent data about the biology of breast cancer metastatic process and the origin and function of Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells have been analyzed to propose the use of molecular imaging investigations able to identify early neoplastic lesions with high propensity to form bone metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122, Milano, Mi, Italy; Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donata Trivigno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Sara Ciuffa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy; "Diagnostica Medica" and "Villa dei Platani", Avellino, Italy
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38
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Li J, Jia S, Wang Y, Sun Q, Kang Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Yu J. Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells for Detection of Early-Stage Luminal A Breast Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:543-551. [PMID: 32690274 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with early-stage luminal A breast cancer (LABC) have better prognoses. However, follow-up examinations are frequent and remain complex. The present study examined whether circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection could be used as an earlier and more reproducible indicator of disease status among patients with early-stage LABC, and given China's healthcare resource challenges, whether it could periodically replace follow-up routine imaging. METHODS A total of 135 postoperative Chinese patients with early-stage LABC were randomly assigned to a CTC group (68 patients underwent alternating assessments using CTC detection and routine re-examination) or control group (67 patients underwent only routine re-examination). The prognosis and patient-covered costs of the various assessments were calculated for the 2 groups. RESULTS No patients had normal CTCs and simultaneous abnormal imaging findings. There were no differences in overall survival, disease-free survival and total patient-covered cost of follow-up between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the average patient-covered cost (P < 0.001). Furthermore, significant intergroup differences were observed in the total and average hospitalization times (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese patients with low-risk LABC, CTC detection was highly reliable and relatively low cost. Therefore, CTC detection may be used to reduce the number of routine imaging follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji Qi
- School of Epidemiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Hospital of Benxi Iron & Steel Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- School of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
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39
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Impact of deviation from guideline recommended treatment on breast cancer survival in Asia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1330. [PMID: 31992769 PMCID: PMC6987174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer survival has improved with significant progress in treatment and disease management. However, compliance with treatment varies. Treatment guidelines for older patients are unclear. We aim to identify predictors of noncompliance with recommended therapy in a large breast cancer population and assess the impact of noncompliance on survival. Our study included 19,241 non-metastatic female breast cancer patients, of whom 3,158 (16%) died within 10 years post-diagnosis (median survival = 5.8 years). We studied the association between treatment noncompliance and factors with logistic regression, and the impact of treatment noncompliance on survival with a flexible parametric survival model framework. The highest proportion of noncompliance was observed for chemotherapy (18%). Predictors of noncompliance with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy included age, tumor size, nodal involvement and subtype (except radiotherapy). Factors associated with not receiving surgery included age and subtype. Treatment noncompliance was associated with worse overall survival for surgery (HR: 2.26 [1.80-2.83]), chemotherapy (1.25 [1.11-1.41]), radiotherapy (2.28 [1.94-2.69]) and endocrine therapy (1.70 [1.41-2.04]). Worse survival was similarly observed in older patients for whom guidelines generally do not apply. Our results highlight the importance of following appropriate treatment as recommended by current guidelines. Older patients may benefit from similar recommendations.
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Nguyen VC, Nguyen TQ, Vu TNH, Phung TH, Nguyen TPH, Nguyen ND, Le DR. Application of St Gallen Categories in Predicting Survival for Patients With Breast Cancer in Vietnam. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819862794. [PMID: 31307207 PMCID: PMC6636225 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819862794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different tumor subtypes. Identifying risk categories will help make better treatment decisions. Hence, this study aimed to predict the survival outcomes of invasive breast cancer in Vietnam, using St Gallen 2007 classification. This study was conducted on 501 patients with breast cancer who had surgical operations, but had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, from 2011 to 2013. The clinicopathological characteristics were recorded. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki67 markers. For HER2/neu(2+), fluorescence in situ hybridization was used as the test. All patients with breast cancer were stratified according to 2007 St Gallen categories. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank models were used to analyze survival rates. There were 3.8% cases classified as low risk (LR), 72.1% as intermediate risk (IR1: 60.1% and IR2: 12.0%), and 24.1% as high risk (HR1: 11.8% and HR2: 12.3%). Patients who were LR had the best prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 100%. Intermediate-risk patients were at 92.3%. High-risk patients had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year OS proportion of 69.3% (P < .05). For disease-free survival (DFS), risk categories were categorized as LR: 100%, IR: 90.3%, and HR: 69.3% (P < .05). Three main risk categories of breast cancer had a distinct OS and DFS. These findings suggest that the 2007 St Gallen risk category could be used to stratify patients with breast cancer into different risk groups in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Chu Nguyen
- 1 Department of Quan Su Pathology, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Quang Nguyen
- 2 Department of Optional A Treatment, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Huyen Phung
- 4 Department of Quan Su Internal Medicine, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Duong Nguyen
- 1 Department of Quan Su Pathology, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Roanh Le
- 5 Center for Research and Early Detection of Cancer, Vietnam
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Ding Y, Ding K, Yu K, Zou D, Yang H, He X, Mo W, Yu X, Ding X. Prognosis and endocrine therapy selection for patients with low hormone receptor-positive breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective study of 570 patients in China. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6690-6696. [PMID: 31807179 PMCID: PMC6876291 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines have reduced the immunohistochemistry cut-off value for determining estrogen receptor b positivity from 10 to 1% of stained cells in breast cancer. In clinical practice, low-hormone receptor positive (low HR+) tumors are classified in the luminal subtype, although they exhibit aggressive features and poor prognosis. Information regarding the prognosis of patients with breast cancer following treatment with optimal endocrine therapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is currently lacking. In the present study, the differences in clinical characteristics and survival of patients with breast cancer were compared among those with low and high HR+ breast cancer who received NAC. Furthermore, the effects of different types of endocrine therapies on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer were compared. The study population comprised patients with primary breast cancer who were treated at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between January, 2007 and December, 2017. Patients were divided into three groups based on the results of immunohistochemistry: HR+ (positive staining >10%), HR- (positive staining <1%) and low HR+ (positive staining 1–10%). The low HR+ group was further divided into three subgroups according to the different endocrine therapies administered: Tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitor or no treatment. Among the 570 patients included in the present study, 60 (10.53%) patients had low HR+ tumors. With a median follow-up of 48.98 months, patients with low HR+ tumors had reduced survival rates compared with those with HR+ tumors. Furthermore, the pathologic complete response rate (pCR) of patients with low HR+ was comprised between pCR from patients with HR+ and pCR from patients with HR- following NAC treatment. In addition, no significant difference in the overall prognosis was observed among patients with low HR+ following treatment with different endocrine therapies. Subsequently, patients in the low HR+ group were more likely to benefit from NAC compared with patients in the HR+ group. Intensive endocrine therapy may therefore improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and low HR+; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Kaijing Ding
- Department of Child Psychology, Zhejiang University Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Dehong Zou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangming He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wenju Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xingfei Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Can a subgroup at high risk for LRR be identified from T1-2 breast cancer with negative lymph nodes after mastectomy? A meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181853. [PMID: 31484798 PMCID: PMC6753322 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify a subgroup at high risk for loco-regional recurrence (LRR) from T1-2 breast cancer with negative lymph nodes (N0) after mastectomy by using a meta-analysis.Methods and materials: Published studies on the relationship between clinical features and LRR of breast cancer were identified from public databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. High-risk features for LRR in this patient population were defined based on the pooled results of meta-analysis.Results: For the meta-analysis, a total of 11244 breast cancers with pT1-2N0 after mastectomy from 20 publications were included for analysis. The pooled results indicated that age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, P=0.001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (HR 2.23, P<0.001), histologic grade (HR 1.66, P<0.001), HER2 status (HR 1.65, P=0.027), menopausal status (HR 1.36, P=0.015), and surgical margins (HR 2.56, P=0.014) were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing LRR in this patient population group, but not for tumor size (HR 1.32, P=0.23), systematic therapy (HR 1.67, P=0.20), and hormonal receptor status (HR 1.04, P=0.73).Conclusion: In the current study, patients with young age, positive LVI, high histologic grade, HER-2 positive, premenopausal, and positive surgical margins have an increased risk of developing LRR. Further prospective trials are needed to clearly define the role of adjuvant postmastectomy radiotherapy in T1-2N0 breast cancer at high risk of developing LRR.
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Lattanzio R, Iezzi M, Sala G, Tinari N, Falasca M, Alberti S, Buglioni S, Mottolese M, Perracchio L, Natali PG, Piantelli M. PLC-gamma-1 phosphorylation status is prognostic of metastatic risk in patients with early-stage Luminal-A and -B breast cancer subtypes. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:747. [PMID: 31362705 PMCID: PMC6668079 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is highly expressed in human tumours. Our previous studies reported that both stable and inducible PLCγ1 down-regulation can inhibit formation of breast-cancer-derived experimental lung metastasis. Further, high expression of PLCγ1 and its constitutively activated forms (i.e., PLCγ1-pY1253, PLCγ1-pY783) is associated with worse clinical outcome in terms of incidence of distant metastases, but not of local relapse in T1-T2, N0 breast cancer patients. Methods In the present retrospective study, we analysed the prognostic role of PLCγ1 in early breast cancer patients stratified according to the St. Gallen criteria and to their menopausal status. PLCγ1-pY1253 and PLCγ1-pY783 protein expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, and were correlated with patients’ clinical data, using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results In our series, the prognostic value of PLCγ1 overexpression was restricted to Luminal type tumours. From multivariate analyses, pY1253-PLCγ1High was an independent prognostic factor only in postmenopausal patients with Luminal-B tumours (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–5.3; P = 0.034). Conversely, PLCγ1-pY783High was a remarkably strong risk factor (HR, 20.1; 95% CI, 2.2–178.4; P = 0.003) for pre/perimenopausal patients with Luminal-A tumours. Conclusions PLCγ1 overexpression is a strong predictive surrogate marker of development of metastases in early Luminal-A and -B breast cancer patients, being able to discriminate patients with high and low risk of metastases. Therefore, targeting the PLCγ1 pathway can be considered of potential benefit for prevention of metastatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5949-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Saverio Alberti
- Department of Biotechnology BIOMORF, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Pathology, 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Perracchio
- Department of Pathology, 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Hu DJ, Shi WJ, Yu M, Zhang L. High WDR34 mRNA expression as a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer as determined by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3177-3187. [PMID: 31452794 PMCID: PMC6676453 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The WD-repeat domain (WDR) family is distributed in the majority of eukaryotes and has several unique biological functions. It serves important roles in signal transduction, cytoskeleton assembly, protein transport, RNA processing, chromatin modification and transcription mechanisms. WD repeat domain 34 (WDR34) has been recently identified as a member of the WDR family. Overexpression of WDR34 was accompanied by the presence of multiple centrioles in the cell, suggesting that it was associated with tumor occurrence. However, its association with breast cancer was unclear. To the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been confirmed whether WDR34 gene expression is associated with breast cancer. Therefore, the current study attempted to clarify this by performing a comprehensive study using multiple datasets in the Oncomine, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. The analysis indicated that the mRNA expression levels of WDR34 were increased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Consistent with this result, the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia revealed that WDR34 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in breast cancer cell lines compared with other cancer cells. It was noted that high WDR34 mRNA expression was associated with forkhead box M1 and PTTG1 regulator of sister chromatid separation, securing in co-expression analysis. Expression profile characteristics of WDR34 mRNA were identified in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Furthermore, survival analysis revealed that increased expression levels of WDR34 mRNA were associated with poor overall survival in patients with breast cancer, particularly in luminal B, lymph node status-positive and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroups. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that high WDR34 mRNA expression was associated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with breast cancer, particularly in ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative and progesterone receptor-positive subgroups. These results suggested that WDR34 may be used as a prognosis predictor in breast cancer and may provide a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Chongming Branch), Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Chongming Branch), Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Chongming Branch), Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
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PCA-PAM50 improves consistency between breast cancer intrinsic and clinical subtyping reclassifying a subset of luminal A tumors as luminal B. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7956. [PMID: 31138829 PMCID: PMC6538748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAM50 classifier is widely used for breast tumor intrinsic subtyping based on gene expression. Clinical subtyping, however, is based on immunohistochemistry assays of 3–4 biomarkers. Subtype calls by these two methods do not completely match even on comparable subtypes. Nevertheless, the estrogen receptor (ER)-balanced subset for gene-centering in PAM50 subtyping, is selected based on clinical ER status. Here we present a new method called Principle Component Analysis-based iterative PAM50 subtyping (PCA-PAM50) to perform intrinsic subtyping in ER status unbalanced cohorts. This method leverages PCA and iterative PAM50 calls to derive the gene expression-based ER status and a subsequent ER-balanced subset for gene centering. Applying PCA-PAM50 to three different breast cancer study cohorts, we observed improved consistency (by 6–9.3%) between intrinsic and clinical subtyping for all three cohorts. Particularly, a more aggressive subset of luminal A (LA) tumors as evidenced by higher MKI67 gene expression and worse patient survival outcomes, were reclassified as luminal B (LB) increasing the LB subtype consistency with IHC by 25–49%. In conclusion, we show that PCA-PAM50 enhances the consistency of breast cancer intrinsic and clinical subtyping by reclassifying an aggressive subset of LA tumors into LB. PCA-PAM50 code is available at ftp://ftp.wriwindber.org/.
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The potential influence of breast cancer estrogen receptors' distribution on active DNA demethylation. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2019; 23:74-80. [PMID: 31316288 PMCID: PMC6630393 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2019.85200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation may cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, including drug metabolism and distribution. Moreover, many cancers, including breast cancer, are characterized by DNA hypomethylation and a decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level. The abnormal cell growth found in breast carcinoma might be the result of impaired up-regulation of breast cancer receptors. Receptors’ expression in breast cancer determines clinical outcome, and it is possible that they lead to different DNA methylation patterns. Excessive steroid exposure can affect DNA methylation by promoting demethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of genes, and hence may have an impact on promotion and progression of breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen, as a leading drug in breast cancer hormone therapy, has an ability to act like estrogen or antiestrogen depending on the type and localization of the breast cancer receptor. Further studies are needed to determine whether tamoxifen, similarly to steroids, may evoke changes in methylation pattern.
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Kolberg HC, Schneeweiss A, Fehm TN, Wöckel A, Huober J, Pontones C, Titzmann A, Belleville E, Lux MP, Janni W, Hartkopf AD, Taran FA, Wallwiener M, Overkamp F, Tesch H, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Müller V, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Brucker SY. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 3 - Current Developments in Early Breast Cancer: Review and Critical Assessment by an International Expert Panel. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:470-482. [PMID: 31148847 PMCID: PMC6529230 DOI: 10.1055/a-0887-0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer patients in a curative situation is special in many ways. The local therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is a central aspect of the treatment. The complete elimination of tumour cells at the site of the primary disease must be ensured while simultaneously striving to keep the long-term effects as minor as possible. There is still focus on the continued reduction of the invasiveness of local therapy. With regard to systemic therapy, chemotherapies with taxanes, anthracyclines and, in some cases, platinum-based chemotherapies have become established in the past couple of decades. The context for use is being continually further defined. Likewise, there are questions in the case of antihormonal therapy which also still need to be further defined following the introduction of aromatase inhibitors, such as the length of therapy or ovarian suppression in premenopausal patients. Finally, personalisation of the treatment of early breast cancer patients is also being increasingly used. Prognostic tests could potentially support therapeutic decisions. It must also be considered how the possible use of new therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors could look in practice once study results in this regard are available. This overview addresses the backgrounds on the current votes taken by the international St. Gallen panel of experts in Vienna in 2019 for current questions in the treatment of breast cancer patients in a curative situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja N Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Constanza Pontones
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Titzmann
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael P Lux
- Kooperatives Brustzentrum Paderborn, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Fujimoto Y, Watanabe T, Hida AI, Higuchi T, Miyagawa Y, Ozawa H, Bun A, Fukui R, Sata A, Imamura M, Hirota S, Miyoshi Y. Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may differ depending on Ki67 expression levels in estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative operated breast cancers. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:738-747. [PMID: 31098866 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been established in breast cancers with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative or HER2-positive subtypes; however, its utility concerning the ER + /HER2 - subtype remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated the prognostic value of TILs by analyzing 717 invasive breast cancer operation cases. TILs were classified into three groups based on the proportion of area within the tumor: low ( < 10%), intermediate (10-50%), and high ( > 50%). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated according to TIL levels. RESULTS Although there was no significant association between TIL levels and DFS or OS in all patients, high TILs were significantly associated with favorable DFS in Ki67-high (n = 238, p = 0.035) but not in Ki67-low (n = 470, p = 0.46) breast cancers. Multivariable analysis showed that high TILs were a significant and independent factor for DFS (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.10-0.87; p = 0.023) among the Ki67-high group. In the ER + /HER2 - subtype, high-TILs showed favorable DFS in the Ki67-high group, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.48); in contrast, unfavorable DFS was observed in the Ki67-low group (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In Ki67-high breast cancers, high TILs were associated with favorable DFS, irrespective of subtype, but increasing TIL levels correlated with worse DFS in the Ki67-low group with the ER + /HER2 - subtype. These results highlight variation in TIL prognostic significance between Ki67-high and -low breast cancers, particularly for the ER + /HER2 - subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akira I Hida
- Department of Pathology, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, 2-6-5 Otemachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0067, Japan
| | - Tomoko Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Bun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Reiko Fukui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Michiko Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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49
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Mori H, Kubo M, Kai M, Yamada M, Kurata K, Kawaji H, Kaneshiro K, Osako T, Nishimura R, Arima N, Okido M, Kishimoto J, Oda Y, Nakamura M. T-bet + lymphocytes infiltration as an independent better prognostic indicator for triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:569-577. [PMID: 31069590 PMCID: PMC6586701 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet), which is the master regulator of effector T-cell activation, is derived by stimulation of T-cell receptors. In this study, we focused on T-bet and examined the function of activated T cells. Methods This study included 242 patients with primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who underwent resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014. The immunohistochemistry scoring for CD8 and T-bet expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was defined as ≥ 30 per 6.25 × 10−3 mm2. Results Of the 242 TNBC cases, CD8 was positively expressed in 127 (52.5%) tumors, and T-bet was positively expressed in 67 (27.7%) tumors. T-bet expression was significantly correlated with CD8 expression (p < 0.0001). Patients with T-bet+ tumors had longer overall survival (OS) compared with patients with T-bet− tumors (p = 0.047). The combination of CD8+ and T-bet+ was associated with a better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS compared to CD8+/T-bet− tumors (p = 0.037 and p = 0.024, respectively). Adjuvant chemotherapy provided significantly greater benefit to patients with T-bet+ tumors (p = 0.031 for RFS, p = 0.0003 for OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that T-bet expression on TILs was an independent and positive prognostic indicator (HR = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12–0.94, p = 0.037 for RFS, HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.07–0.95, p = 0.039 for OS). Conclusions OS was significantly improved for patients with high T-bet-expressing TILs in TNBC. Thus, T-bet may be a predictive indicator for survival and various immunotherapy strategies in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05256-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mai Yamada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Kurata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kawaji
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kaneshiro
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Osako
- Breast Center, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, 3-2-65 Ōe Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8655, Japan
| | - Reiki Nishimura
- Breast Center, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, 3-2-65 Ōe Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Arima
- Department of Pathology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, 3-2-65 Ōe Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okido
- Breast Center, Hamanomachi Hospital, 3-3-1 Nagahama Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8539, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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50
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Seo DH, Cho Y, Lee S, Park S, Kim SI, Park BW, Rhee Y. Aromatase inhibitor use is a risk factor of carotid plaque presence in endocrine-responsive breast cancer patients. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:579-587. [PMID: 28838227 PMCID: PMC6506747 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are well known anti-hormonal therapy in endocrine-responsive breast cancer patients. It can lead to dyslipidemia and be the risk factor of cardiovascular disease due to low estrogen level. However, some recent studies comparing AIs with placebo have shown controversial results. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid profiles, measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of plaque among endocrine-responsive breast cancer treated with AIs compared to ones that were not treated with AIs. METHODS A total of 85 postmenopausal women, who underwent breast cancer surgery during the age of 50 to 64 without history of statin use were included. There were 42 patients who were treated with AIs over 1 year (group 1) and 43 patients without AIs use (group 2). Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, carotid IMT, and presence of plaque were assessed. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were similar between two groups and there was no significant difference in carotid IMT irrespective of AIs administration. However, ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid artery revealed that the presence of plaque in AI users was significantly higher than in non-AI users (66.7% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.02; odds ratio, 4.21 in adjusted model; p = 0.01). History of diabetes was also the significant risk factor for the plaque formation. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in lipid profile itself between two groups, but more importantly the presence of the plaque was much higher indicating possible detrimental effect of AI on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hea Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yumie Rhee, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-1973 Fax: +82-2-393-6884 E-mail:
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