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Schneider M, Van Bel M, Inzé D, Baekelandt A. Leaf growth - complex regulation of a seemingly simple process. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1018-1051. [PMID: 38012838 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of plant development is crucial to successfully steer or manipulate plant growth in a targeted manner. Leaves, the primary sites of photosynthesis, are vital organs for many plant species, and leaf growth is controlled by a tight temporal and spatial regulatory network. In this review, we focus on the genetic networks governing leaf cell proliferation, one major contributor to final leaf size. First, we provide an overview of six regulator families of leaf growth in Arabidopsis: DA1, PEAPODs, KLU, GRFs, the SWI/SNF complexes, and DELLAs, together with their surrounding genetic networks. Next, we discuss their evolutionary conservation to highlight similarities and differences among species, because knowledge transfer between species remains a big challenge. Finally, we focus on the increase in knowledge of the interconnectedness between these genetic pathways, the function of the cell cycle machinery as their central convergence point, and other internal and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Schneider
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Wu S, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Liu F, Hu W. Application of Multi-Omics Technologies to the Study of Phytochromes in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:99. [PMID: 38247523 PMCID: PMC10812741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes (phy) are distributed in various plant organs, and their physiological effects influence plant germination, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, as well as regulate morphogenesis throughout the plant life cycle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key regulatory factor in plant systemic responses to environmental stimuli, with an attractive regulatory relationship with phytochromes. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, omics techniques have become powerful tools, and researchers have used omics techniques to facilitate the big data revolution. For an in-depth analysis of phytochrome-mediated signaling pathways, integrated multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches may provide the answer from a global perspective. This article comprehensively elaborates on applying multi-omics techniques in studying phytochromes. We describe the current research status and future directions on transcriptome-, proteome-, and metabolome-related network components mediated by phytochromes when cells are subjected to various stimulation. We emphasize the importance of multi-omics technologies in exploring the effects of phytochromes on cells and their molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we provide methods and ideas for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wu
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
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3
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Misra G, Joshi-Saha A. Genetic mapping and transcriptome profiling of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mutant identifies a novel locus (CaEl) regulating organ size and early vigor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1401-1420. [PMID: 37638656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is among the top three legumes produced and consumed worldwide. Early plant vigor, characterized by good germination and rapid seedling growth, is an important agronomic trait in many crops including chickpea, and shows a positive correlation with seed size. In this study, we report a gamma-ray-induced chickpea mutant with a larger organ and seed size. The mutant (elm) exhibits increased early vigor and contains higher proline that contributes to a better tolerance under salt stress at germination, seedling, and early vegetative phase. The trait is governed as monogenic recessive, with wild-type allele being incompletely dominant over the mutant. Genetic mapping of this locus (CaEl) identified it as a previously uncharacterized gene (101503252) in chromosome 1 of the chickpea genome. There is a deletion of this gene in the mutant with a complete loss of expression. In silico analysis suggests that the gene is present as a single copy in chickpea and related legumes of the galegoid clade. In the mutant, cell division and expansion are affected. Transcriptome profiling identified differentially regulated transcripts related to cell division, expansion, cell wall organization, and metabolism in the mutant. The mutant can be exploited in chickpea breeding programs for increasing plant vigor and seed size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golu Misra
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Archana Joshi-Saha
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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4
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Song S, Liu B, Song J, Pang S, Song T, Gao S, Zhang Y, Huang H, Qi T. A molecular framework for signaling crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene in anthocyanin biosynthesis, trichome development, and defenses against insect herbivores in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1770-1788. [PMID: 35763421 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and jasmonate (JA) regulate plant development, growth, and defense responses; however, the molecular basis for their signaling crosstalk is unclear. Here, we show that JA-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which repress JA signaling, repress trichome initiation/branching and anthocyanin accumulation, and inhibit the transcriptional activity of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-MYB members (GLABRA3 (GL3)-GL1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (TT8)-MYB75) of WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB (WBM) complexes. The ET-stabilized transcription factors ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1) were found to bind to several members of WBM complexes, including GL3, ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), TT8, GL1, MYB75, and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1). This binding repressed the transcriptional activity of the bHLH-MYB proteins and inhibited anthocyanin accumulation, trichome formation, and defenses against insect herbivores while promoting root hair formation. Conversely, the JA-activated bHLH members GL3, EGL3, and TT8 of WBM complexes were able to interact with and attenuate the transcriptional activity of EIN3/EIL1 at the HOOKLESS1 promoter, and their overexpression inhibited apical hook formation. Thus, this study demonstrates a molecular framework for signaling crosstalk between JA and ET in plant development, secondary metabolism, and defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junqiao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shihai Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tianxue Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tiancong Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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5
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Morón-García O, Garzón-Martínez GA, Martínez-Martín MJP, Brook J, Corke FMK, Doonan JH, Camargo Rodríguez AV. Genetic architecture of variation in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263985. [PMID: 35171969 PMCID: PMC8849614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosette morphology across Arabidopsis accessions exhibits considerable variation. Here we report a high-throughput phenotyping approach based on automatic image analysis to quantify rosette shape and dissect the underlying genetic architecture. Shape measurements of the rosettes in a core set of Recombinant Inbred Lines from an advanced mapping population (Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross or MAGIC) derived from inter-crossing 19 natural accessions. Image acquisition and analysis was scaled to extract geometric descriptors from time stamped images of growing rosettes. Shape analyses revealed heritable morphological variation at early juvenile stages and QTL mapping resulted in over 116 chromosomal regions associated with trait variation within the population. Many QTL linked to variation in shape were located near genes related to hormonal signalling and signal transduction pathways while others are involved in shade avoidance and transition to flowering. Our results suggest rosette shape arises from modular integration of sub-organ morphologies and can be considered a functional trait subjected to selective pressures of subsequent morphological traits. On an applied aspect, QTLs found will be candidates for further research on plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odín Morón-García
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Gina A. Garzón-Martínez
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - M. J. Pilar Martínez-Martín
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Brook
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. K. Corke
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John H. Doonan
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AVCR); (JHD)
| | - Anyela V. Camargo Rodríguez
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AVCR); (JHD)
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6
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Guédon Y, Caraglio Y, Granier C, Lauri PÉ, Muller B. Identifying Developmental Patterns in Structured Plant Phenotyping Data. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2395:199-225. [PMID: 34822155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1816-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Technological breakthroughs concerning both sensors and robotized plant phenotyping platforms have totally renewed the plant phenotyping paradigm in the last two decades. This has impacted both the nature and the throughput of data with the availability of data at high-throughput from the tissular to the whole plant scale. Sensor outputs often take the form of 2D or 3D images or time series of such images from which traits are extracted while organ shapes, shoot or root system architectures can be deduced. Despite this change of paradigm, many phenotyping studies often ignore the structure of the plant and therefore loose the information conveyed by the temporal and spatial patterns emerging from this structure. The developmental patterns of plants often take the form of succession of well-differentiated phases, stages or zones depending on the temporal, spatial or topological indexing of data. This entails the use of hierarchical statistical models for their identification.The objective here is to show potential approaches for analyzing structured plant phenotyping data using state-of-the-art methods combining probabilistic modeling, statistical inference and pattern recognition. This approach is illustrated using five different examples at various scales that combine temporal and topological index parameters, and development and growth variables obtained using prospective or retrospective measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guédon
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Caraglio
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christine Granier
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Éric Lauri
- ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Muller
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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7
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Li H, Yang Y, Wang H, Liu S, Jia F, Su Y, Li S, He F, Feng C, Niu M, Wang J, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. The Receptor-Like Kinase ERECTA Confers Improved Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance to Poplar via Modulating Stomatal Density. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147245. [PMID: 34298865 PMCID: PMC8303786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar is one of the most important tree species in the north temperate zone, but poplar plantations are quite water intensive. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression of the PdERECTA gene, which is a member of the LRR-RLKs family from Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra), improves water use efficiency and enhances drought tolerance in triploid white poplar. PdERECTA localizes to the plasma membrane. Overexpression plants showed lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size. The abaxial stomatal density was 24-34% lower and the stomatal size was 12-14% larger in overexpression lines. Reduced stomatal density led to a sharp restriction of transpiration, which was about 18-35% lower than the control line, and instantaneous water use efficiency was around 14-63% higher in overexpression lines under different conditions. These phenotypic changes led to increased drought tolerance. PdERECTA overexpression plants not only survived longer after stopping watering but also performed better when supplied with limited water, as they had better physical and photosynthesis conditions, faster growth rate, and higher biomass accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that PdERECTA can alter the development pattern of stomata to reduce stomatal density, which then restricts water consumption, conferring enhanced drought tolerance to poplar. This makes PdERECTA trees promising candidates for establishing more water use efficient plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinli Xia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6233-6400
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8
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Liu T, Jiang GQ, Yao XF, Liu CM. The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase OsERL plays a critical role in anther lobe formation in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 563:85-91. [PMID: 34062391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, ERECTA (ER) subfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) play important roles in cell division and cell elongation. However, the functions of OsER genes in rice are still very much unknown. In this study, sixty-seven TILLING and four gene-edited mutants were identified for one of the three OsERs, OsERL, and used for functional analyses. Results showed that mutations in OsERL led to striking defects in anther development. Compete male sterility and reduced numbers of anther lobes, more severe than knockout mutants, were observed in mutants with amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain. Among alleles with amino acid changes in LRRs, only one mutation in the 16th LRR showed evident phenotype, suggesting a role of the LRR in ligand sensing. OsERL is expressed in shoot apcies, internodes and anthers, and within the anther OsERL is expressed in sporophytic and tapetal cells. Cell biological analyses revealed that mutations in OsERL led to defected periclinal division in archesporial cells in anthers, suggesting a critical role of OsERL in rice anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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9
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Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040556. [PMID: 33921270 PMCID: PMC8070098 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes are generally drought susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within Phaseolus acutifolius or P. parvifolius are from arid areas between Mexico and the United States. Therefore, we hypothesize that these bean accessions have diversity signals indicative of adaptation to drought at key candidate genes such as: Asr2, Dreb2B, and ERECTA. By sequencing alleles of these genes and comparing to estimates of drought tolerance indices from climate data for the collection site of geo-referenced, tepary bean accessions, we determined the genotype x environmental association (GEA) of each gene. Diversity analysis found that cultivated and wild P. acutifolius were intermingled with var. tenuifolius and P. parvifolius, signifying that allele diversity was ample in the wild and cultivated clade over a broad sense (sensu lato) evaluation. Genes Dreb2B and ERECTA harbored signatures of directional selection, represented by six SNPs correlated with the environmental drought indices. This suggests that wild tepary bean is a reservoir of novel alleles at genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a species that originated in arid environments. Our study corroborated that candidate gene approach was effective for marker validation across a broad genetic base of wild tepary accessions.
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Li X, Zheng Y, Xing Q, Ardiansyah R, Zhou H, Ali S, Jing T, Tian J, Song XS, Li Y, Müller-Xing R. Ectopic expression of the transcription factor CUC2 restricts growth by cell cycle inhibition in Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1706024. [PMID: 31900029 PMCID: PMC7012148 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1706024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf margins produce small outgrowths or teeth causing serration in a regular arrangement, which is specified by auxin maxima. In Arabidopsis, the spatiotemporal pattern of auxin dependents on both, the transcription factor CUC2 and the signal peptide EPFL2, a ligand of the growth-promoting receptor kinase ERECTA (ER). Ectopic expression of CUC2 can have contrary effects on leaf growth. Ubiquitous expressed CUC2 suppresses growth in the whole leaf, whereas cuc2-1D mutants have enlarged leaves, through ER-dependent cell proliferation in the teeth. Here we investigated the growth dynamics of cuc2-1D leaves and the growth restricting the function of CUC2 using the ubiquitous inducible CUC2-GR transgene. In time courses, we dissected the serration promoting the function of CUC2 in the leaf margin and ectopic growth inhibition by CUC2 in the leaf plate. We found that CUC2 limits growth rather by cell cycle inhibition than by cell size control. Furthermore, endogenous CUC2 was rapidly induced by CUC2-GR indicating a possible auto-inducible feedback. In contrast, EPFL2 was quickly decreased by transient CUC2 induction but increased in cuc2-3 mutant leaves suggesting that CUC2 can also counteract the EPFL2-ER pathway. Therefore, tooth growth promotion and growth inhibition by CUC2 involve partially the same mechanism but in contrary ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yucai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Qian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Rhomi Ardiansyah
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Plant Genetics, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tingting Jing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xing Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Genetics, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ralf Müller-Xing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- CONTACT Ralf Müller-Xing ; Qian Xing Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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11
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Delgado D, Sánchez-Bermejo E, de Marcos A, Martín-Jimenez C, Fenoll C, Alonso-Blanco C, Mena M. A Genetic Dissection of Natural Variation for Stomatal Abundance Traits in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1392. [PMID: 31781138 PMCID: PMC6859887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal abundance varies widely across natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, and presumably affects plant performance because it influences water and CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and thence photosynthesis and transpiration. In order to determine the genetic basis of this natural variation, we have analyzed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the wild accession Ll-0 and the reference strain Landsberg erecta (Ler), which show low and high stomatal abundance, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of stomatal index, stomatal density, and pavement cell density measured in the adaxial cotyledon epidermis, identified five loci. Three of the genomic regions affect all traits and were named MID (Modulator of Cell Index and Density) 1 to 3. MID2 is a large-effect QTL overlapping with ERECTA (ER), the er-1 allele from Ler increasing all trait values. Additional analyses of natural and induced loss-of-function er mutations in different genetic backgrounds revealed that ER dysfunctions have differential and opposite effects on the stomatal index in adaxial and abaxial cotyledon epidermis and confirmed that ER is the gene underlying MID2. Ll-0 alleles at MID1 and MID3 displayed moderate and positive effects on the various traits. Furthermore, detailed developmental studies tracking primary and satellite stomatal lineages show that MID3-Ll-0 allele promotes the spacing divisions that initiate satellite lineages, while the ER allele limits them. Finally, expression analyses suggest that ER and MID3 modulate satellization through partly different regulatory pathways. Our characterization of MID3 indicates that genetic modulation of satellization contributes to the variation for stomatal abundance in natural populations, and subsequently that this trait might be involved in plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Bermejo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Jimenez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Koch G, Rolland G, Dauzat M, Bédiée A, Baldazzi V, Bertin N, Guédon Y, Granier C. Are compound leaves more complex than simple ones? A multi-scale analysis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1173-1185. [PMID: 29982438 PMCID: PMC6324747 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The question of which cellular mechanisms determine the variation in leaf size has been addressed mainly in plants with simple leaves. It is addressed here in tomato taking into consideration the expected complexity added by the several lateral appendages making up the compound leaf, the leaflets. Methods Leaf and leaflet areas, epidermal cell number and areas, and endoreduplication (co-) variations were analysed in Solanum lycopersicum considering heteroblastic series in a wild type (Wva106) and an antisense mutant, the Pro35S:Slccs52AAS line, and upon drought treatments. All plants were grown in an automated phenotyping platform, PHENOPSIS, adapted to host plants grown in 7 L pots. Key Results Leaf area, leaflet area and cell number increased with leaf rank until reaching a plateau. In contrast, cell area slightly decreased and endoreduplication did not follow any trend. In the transgenic line, leaf area, leaflet areas and cell number of basal leaves were lower than in the wild type, but higher in upper leaves. Reciprocally, cell area was higher in basal leaves and lower in upper leaves. When scaled up at the whole sympodial unit, all these traits did not differ significantly between the transgenic line and the wild type. In response to drought, leaf area was reduced, with a clear dose effect that was also reported for all size-related traits, including endoreduplication. Conclusions These results provide evidence that all leaflets have the same cellular phenotypes as the leaf they belong to. Consistent with results reported for simple leaves, they show that cell number rather than cell size determines the final leaf areas and that endoreduplication can be uncoupled from leaf and cell sizes. Finally, they re-question a whole-plant control of cell division and expansion in leaves when the Wva106 and the Pro35S:Slccs52AAS lines are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance Koch
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UR PSH, Avignon, France
| | - Gaëlle Rolland
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Dauzat
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Bédiée
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentina Baldazzi
- INRA, UR PSH, Avignon, France
- ISA, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, France
- BIOCORE, Inria, INRA, CNRS, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Université Côte d’Azur, France
| | | | - Yann Guédon
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Granier
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Chakraborty S, Pan H, Tang Q, Woolard C, Xu G. The Extracellular Domain of Pollen Receptor Kinase 3 is structurally similar to the SERK family of co-receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2796. [PMID: 29434276 PMCID: PMC5809528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During reproduction in flowering plants, the male gametophyte delivers an immotile male gamete to the female gametophyte in the pistil by formation of pollen tubes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two synergid cells situated on either side of the egg cell produce cysteine-rich chemoattractant peptide LURE that guides the pollen tube to the female gametophyte for sexual reproduction. Recently, in Arabidopsis thaliana, Pollen Receptor Kinase 3 (PRK3), along with PRK1, PRK6, and PRK8, have been predicted to be the receptors responsible for sensing LURE. These receptors belong to the Leucine Rich Repeat Receptor Like Kinases (LRR-RLKs), the largest family of receptor kinases found in Arabidopsis thaliana. How PRKs regulate the growth and development of the pollen tube remains elusive. In order to better understand the PRK-mediated signaling mechanism in pollen tube growth and guidance, we have determined the crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ecd) of PRK3 at 2.5 Å, which resembles the SERK family of plant co-receptors. The structure of ecdPRK3 is composed of a conserved surface that coincides with the conserved receptor-binding surface of the SERK family of co-receptors. Our structural analyses of PRK3 have provided a template for future functional studies of the PRK family of LRR-RLK receptors in the regulation of pollen tube development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Haiyun Pan
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Qingyu Tang
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Colin Woolard
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Guozhou Xu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, 27695, USA.
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de Marcos A, Houbaert A, Triviño M, Delgado D, Martín-Trillo M, Russinova E, Fenoll C, Mena M. A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:823-842. [PMID: 28507175 PMCID: PMC5462054 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric cell divisions necessary for stomatal lineage initiation and progression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) require the function of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Mutants lacking SPCH do not produce stomata or lineages. Here, we isolated a new spch-5 allele carrying a point mutation in the bHLH domain that displayed normal growth, but had an extremely low number of sometimes clustered stomata in the leaves, whereas the hypocotyls did not have any stomata. In vivo tracking of leaf epidermal cell divisions, combined with marker lines and genetic analysis, showed that the spch-5 leaf phenotype is dosage dependent and results from the decreased ability to initiate and amplify lineages, defects in asymmetric cell fate allocation, and misorientation of asymmetric division planes. Notably, application of brassinosteroids (BRs) partly rescued the stomatal leaf phenotype of spch-5 Transcriptomic analysis combining spch-5 with BR treatments revealed that the expression of a set of SPCH target genes was restored by BRs. Our results also show that BR-dependent stomata formation and expression of some, but not all, SPCH target genes require the integrity of the bHLH domain of SPCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Anaxi Houbaert
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Magdalena Triviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Dolores Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Mar Martín-Trillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain (A.d.M., M.T., D.D., M.M.-T., C.F., M.M.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.); and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium (A.H., E.R.)
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Clauw P, Coppens F, Korte A, Herman D, Slabbinck B, Dhondt S, Van Daele T, De Milde L, Vermeersch M, Maleux K, Maere S, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Leaf Growth Response to Mild Drought: Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Sheds Light on Trait Architecture. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2417-2434. [PMID: 27729396 PMCID: PMC5134983 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and crop yield are negatively affected by a reduction in water availability. However, a clear understanding of how growth is regulated under nonlethal drought conditions is lacking. Recent advances in genomics, phenomics, and transcriptomics allow in-depth analysis of natural variation. In this study, we conducted a detailed screening of leaf growth responses to mild drought in a worldwide collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The genetic architecture of the growth responses upon mild drought was investigated by subjecting the different leaf growth phenotypes to genome-wide association mapping and by characterizing the transcriptome of young developing leaves. Although no major effect locus was found to be associated with growth in mild drought, the transcriptome analysis delivered further insight into the natural variation of transcriptional responses to mild drought in a specific tissue. Coexpression analysis indicated the presence of gene clusters that co-vary over different genetic backgrounds, among others a cluster of genes with important regulatory functions in the growth response to osmotic stress. It was found that the occurrence of a mild drought stress response in leaves can be inferred with high accuracy across accessions based on the expression profile of 283 genes. A genome-wide association study on the expression data revealed that trans regulation seems to be more important than cis regulation in the transcriptional response to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Clauw
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arthur Korte
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Slabbinck
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Twiggy Van Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mattias Vermeersch
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address correspondence to
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16
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Blair MW, Cortés AJ, This D. Identification of an ERECTA gene and its drought adaptation associations with wild and cultivated common bean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 242:250-259. [PMID: 26566842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we cloned and accessed nucleotide diversity in the common bean ERECTA gene which has been implicated in drought tolerance and stomatal patterning. The homologous gene segment was isolated with degenerate primer and was found to be located on Chromosome 1. The gene had at least one paralog on Chromosome 9 and duplicate copies in soybean for each homolog. ERECTA-like genes were also discovered but the function of these was of less interest due to low similarity with the ERECTA gene from Arabidopsis. The diversity of the 5' end of the large Chr. 1 PvERECTA gene was evaluated in a collection of 145 wild and cultivated common beans that were also characterized by geographic source and drought tolerance, respectively. Our wild population sampled a range of wet to dry habitats, while our cultivated samples were representative of landrace diversity and the patterns of nucleotide variation differed between groups. The 5' region exhibited lower levels of diversity in the cultivated collection, which was indicative of population bottlenecks associated with the domestication process, compared to the wild collection where diversity was associated with ecological differences. We discuss associations of nucleotide diversity at PvERECTA with drought tolerance prediction for the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Blair
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrés J Cortés
- Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominique This
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP, CIRAD, TA96/03. Ave Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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17
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Gegas VC, Wargent JJ, Pesquet E, Granqvist E, Paul ND, Doonan JH. Endopolyploidy as a potential alternative adaptive strategy for Arabidopsis leaf size variation in response to UV-B. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2757-66. [PMID: 24470468 PMCID: PMC4047990 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extent of endoreduplication in leaf growth is group- or even species-specific, and its adaptive role is still unclear. A survey of Arabidopsis accessions for variation at the level of endopolyploidy, cell number, and cell size in leaves revealed extensive genetic variation in endopolyploidy level. High endopolyploidy is associated with increased leaf size, both in natural and in genetically unstructured (mapping) populations. The underlying genes were identified as quantitative trait loci that control endopolyploidy in nature by modulating the progression of successive endocycles during organ development. This complex genetic architecture indicates an adaptive mechanism that allows differential organ growth over a broad geographic range and under stressful environmental conditions. UV-B radiation was identified as a significant positive climatic predictor for high endopolyploidy. Arabidopsis accessions carrying the increasing alleles for endopolyploidy also have enhanced tolerance to UV-B radiation. UV-absorbing secondary metabolites provide an additional protective strategy in accessions that display low endopolyploidy. Taken together, these results demonstrate that high constitutive endopolyploidy is a significant predictor for organ size in natural populations and is likely to contribute to sustaining plant growth under high incident UV radiation. Endopolyploidy may therefore form part of the range of UV-B tolerance mechanisms that exist in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis C Gegas
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jason J Wargent
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Emma Granqvist
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nigel D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - John H Doonan
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 2AX, UK
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18
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Soltabaeva AD, Kavai-ool UN, Kupriyanova EV, Ezhova TA. Study of the effect of the gene ERECTA2 on the development of Arabidopsis thaliana shoot. Russ J Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106236041306009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Lièvre M, Wuyts N, Cookson SJ, Bresson J, Dapp M, Vasseur F, Massonnet C, Tisné S, Bettembourg M, Balsera C, Bédiée A, Bouvery F, Dauzat M, Rolland G, Vile D, Granier C. Phenotyping the kinematics of leaf development in flowering plants: recommendations and pitfalls. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 2:809-21. [PMID: 24123939 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of flowering plants are produced from the shoot apical meristem at regular intervals and they grow according to a developmental program that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Detailed frameworks for multiscale dynamic analyses of leaf growth have been developed in order to identify and interpret phenotypic differences caused by either genetic or environmental variations. They revealed that leaf growth dynamics are non-linearly and nonhomogeneously distributed over the lamina, in the leaf tissues and cells. The analysis of the variability in leaf growth, and its underlying processes, has recently gained momentum with the development of automated phenotyping platforms that use various technologies to record growth at different scales and at high throughput. These modern tools are likely to accelerate the characterization of gene function and the processes that underlie the control of shoot development. Combined with powerful statistical analyses, trends have emerged that may have been overlooked in low throughput analyses. However, in many examples, the increase in throughput allowed by automated platforms has led to a decrease in the spatial and/or temporal resolution of growth analyses. Concrete examples presented here indicate that simplification of the dynamic leaf system, without consideration of its spatial and temporal context, can lead to important misinterpretations of the growth phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Lièvre
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Montpellier, France
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20
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Kasulin L, Agrofoglio Y, Botto JF. The receptor-like kinase ERECTA contributes to the shade-avoidance syndrome in a background-dependent manner. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:811-9. [PMID: 23444123 PMCID: PMC3631326 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants growing at high densities perceive a decrease in the red to far-red (R/FR) ratio of incoming light. These changes in light quality trigger a suite of responses collectively known as the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS) including hypocotyl and stem elongation, inhibition of branching and acceleration of flowering. METHODS Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped for hypocotyl length to end-of-day far-red (EOD), a simulated shade-avoidance response, in recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, derived from Landsberg erecta (Ler) and three accessions (Columbia, Col; Nossen, No-0; and Cape Verde Islands, Cvi-0). KEY RESULTS Five loci were identified as being responsible for the EOD response, with a positive contribution of Ler alleles on the phenotype independently of the RIL population. Quantitative complementation analysis and transgenic lines showed that PHYB is the candidate gene for EODRATIO5 in the Ler × Cvi-0 RIL population, but not for two co-localized QTLs, EODRATIO1 and EODRATIO2 mapped in the Ler × No-0 and Ler × Col RIL populations, respectively. The ERECTA gene was also implicated in the SAS in a background-dependent manner. For hypocotyl length EOD response, a positive contribution of erecta alleles was found in Col and Van-0, but not in Ler, Cvi-0, Hir-1 or Ws. Furthermore, pleiotropic effects of ERECTA in the EOD response were also detected for petiole and lamina elongation, hyponastic growth, and flowering time. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the analysis of multiple mapping populations leads to a better understanding of the SAS genetic architecture. Moreover, the background- and trait-dependent contribution of ERECTA in the SAS suggest that its function in shaded natural environments may be relevant for some populations in different phases of plant development. It is proposed that ERECTA is involved in canalization processes buffering the genetic variation of the SAS against environmental light fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier F. Botto
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Patel D, Basu M, Hayes S, Majláth I, Hetherington FM, Tschaplinski TJ, Franklin KA. Temperature-dependent shade avoidance involves the receptor-like kinase ERECTA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:980-992. [PMID: 23199031 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect the presence of neighbouring vegetation by monitoring changes in the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) wavelengths (R:FR) in ambient light. Reductions in R:FR are perceived by the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors and initiate a suite of developmental responses termed the shade avoidance syndrome. These include increased elongation growth of stems and petioles, enabling plants to overtop competing vegetation. The majority of shade avoidance experiments are performed at standard laboratory growing temperatures (>20°C). In these conditions, elongation responses to low R:FR are often accompanied by reductions in leaf development and accumulation of plant biomass. Here we investigated shade avoidance responses at a cooler temperature (16°C). In these conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana displays considerable low R:FR-mediated increases in leaf area, with reduced low R:FR-mediated petiole elongation and leaf hyponasty responses. In Landsberg erecta, these strikingly different shade avoidance phenotypes are accompanied by increased leaf thickness, increased biomass and an altered metabolite profile. At 16°C, low R:FR treatment results in the accumulation of soluble sugars and metabolites associated with cold acclimation. Analyses of natural genetic variation in shade avoidance responses at 16°C have revealed a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase ERECTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
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Patterns of cell division, cell differentiation and cell elongation in epidermis and cortex of Arabidopsis pedicels in the wild type and in erecta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46262. [PMID: 23050000 PMCID: PMC3457992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant organ shape and size are established during growth by a predictable, controlled sequence of cell proliferation, differentiation, and elongation. To understand the regulation and coordination of these processes, we studied the temporal behavior of epidermal and cortex cells in Arabidopsis pedicels and used computational modeling to analyze cell behavior in tissues. Pedicels offer multiple advantages for such a study, as their growth is determinate, mostly one dimensional, and epidermis differentiation is uniform along the proximodistal axis. Three developmental stages were distinguished during pedicel growth: a proliferative stage, a stomata differentiation stage, and a cell elongation stage. Throughout the first two stages pedicel growth is exponential, while during the final stage growth becomes linear and depends on flower fertilization. During the first stage, the average cell cycle duration in the cortex and during symmetric divisions of epidermal cells was constant and cells divided at a fairly specific size. We also examined the mutant of ERECTA, a gene with strong influence on pedicel growth. We demonstrate that during the first two stages of pedicel development ERECTA is important for the rate of cell growth along the proximodistal axis and for cell cycle duration in epidermis and cortex. The second function of ERECTA is to prolong the proliferative phase and inhibit premature cell differentiation in the epidermis. Comparison of epidermis development in the wild type and erecta suggests that differentiation is a synchronized event in which the stomata differentiation and the transition of pavement cells from proliferation to expansion are intimately connected.
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Hamanishi ET, Thomas BR, Campbell MM. Drought induces alterations in the stomatal development program in Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4959-71. [PMID: 22760471 PMCID: PMC3427991 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Much is known about the physiological control of stomatal aperture as a means by which plants adjust to water availability. By contrast, the role played by the modulation of stomatal development to limit water loss has received much less attention. The control of stomatal development in response to water deprivation in the genus Populus is explored here. Drought induced declines in stomatal conductance as well as an alteration in stomatal development in two genotypes of Populus balsamifera. Leaves that developed under water-deficit conditions had lower stomatal indices than leaves that developed under well-watered conditions. Transcript abundance of genes that could hypothetically underpin drought-responsive changes in stomatal development was examined, in two genotypes, across six time points, under two conditions, well-watered and with water deficit. Populus homologues of STOMAGEN, ERECTA (ER), STOMATA DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (SDD1), and FAMA had variable transcript abundance patterns congruent with their role in the modulation of stomatal development in response to drought. Conversely, there was no significant variation in transcript abundance between genotypes or treatments for the Populus homologues of YODA (YDA) and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM). The findings highlight the role that could be played by stomatal development during leaf expansion as a longer term means by which to limit water loss from leaves. Moreover, the results point to the key roles played by the regulation of the homologues of STOMAGEN, ER, SDD1, and FAMA in the control of this response in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin T Hamanishi
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B3Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of Toronto25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2Canada
| | - Barb R Thomas
- Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries IncP.O. Box 8000 Boyle, AB T0A 0M0Canada
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of Alberta731 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1Canada
| | - Malcolm M Campbell
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of Toronto25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems BiologyUniversity of Toronto25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4Canada
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Kyndt T, Denil S, Haegeman A, Trooskens G, De Meyer T, Van Criekinge W, Gheysen G. Transcriptome analysis of rice mature root tissue and root tips in early development by massive parallel sequencing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2141-57. [PMID: 22213813 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major physiological dissimilarities between mature root regions and their tips, differences in their gene expression profiles remain largely unexplored. In this research, the transcriptome of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) mature root tissue and root tips was monitored using mRNA-Seq at two time points. Almost 50 million 76 bp reads were mapped onto the rice genome sequence, expression patterns for different tissues and time points were investigated, and at least 1106 novel transcriptionally active regions (nTARs) expressed in rice root tissue were detected. More than 30 000 genes were found to be expressed in rice roots, among which were 1761 root-enriched and 306 tip-enriched transcripts. Mature root tissue appears to respond more strongly to external stimuli than tips, showing a higher expression of, for instance, auxin-responsive and abscisic acid-responsive genes, as well as the phenylpropanoid pathway and photosynthesis upon light. The root tip-enriched transcripts are mainly involved in mitochondrial electron transport, organelle development, secondary metabolism, DNA replication and metabolism, translation, and cellular component organization. During root maturation, genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and modification, response to oxidative stress, and secondary metabolism were activated. For some nTARs, a potential role in root development can be put forward based on homology to genes involved in CLAVATA signalling, cell cycle regulators, and hormone signalling. A subset of differentially expressed genes and novel transcripts was confirmed using (quantitative) reverse transcription-PCR. These results uncover previously unrecognized tissue-specific expression profiles and provide an interesting starting point to study the different regulation of transcribed regions of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
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Liu J, Zhang F, Zhou J, Chen F, Wang B, Xie X. Phytochrome B control of total leaf area and stomatal density affects drought tolerance in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:289-300. [PMID: 22138855 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report that phytochrome B (phyB) mutants exhibit improved drought tolerance compared to wild type (WT) rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). To understand the underlying mechanism by which phyB regulates drought tolerance, we analyzed root growth and water loss from the leaves of phyB mutants. The root system showed no significant difference between the phyB mutants and WT, suggesting that improved drought tolerance has little relation to root growth. However, phyB mutants exhibited reduced total leaf area per plant, which was probably due to a reduction in the total number of cells per leaf caused by enhanced expression of Orysa;KRP1 and Orysa;KRP4 (encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase complex activity) in the phyB mutants. In addition, the developed leaves of phyB mutants displayed larger epidermal cells than WT leaves, resulting in reduced stomatal density. phyB deficiency promoted the expression of both putative ERECTA family genes and EXPANSIN family genes involved in cell expansion in leaves, thus causing greater epidermal cell expansion in the phyB mutants. Reduced stomatal density resulted in reduced transpiration per unit leaf area in the phyB mutants. Considering all these findings, we propose that phyB deficiency causes both reduced total leaf area and reduced transpiration per unit leaf area, which explains the reduced water loss and improved drought tolerance of phyB mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
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