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Yang S, Amanullah S, Duan Y, Guo Y, Xu M, Bao X, An B, Yuan C, Liu X, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhao W, Li X, Gao M. Fine genetic mapping and transcriptomic analysis revealed major gene modulating the clear stripe margin pattern of watermelon peel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1462141. [PMID: 39297011 PMCID: PMC11409187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1462141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The peel stripe margin pattern is one of the most important quality traits of watermelon. In this study, two contrasted watermelon lines [slb line (P1) with a clear peel stripe margin pattern and GWAS-38 line (P2) with a blurred peel stripe margin pattern] were crossed, and biparental F2 mapping populations were developed. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that a single recessive gene is modulating the main-effect genetic locus (Clcsm) of the clear stripe margin pattern of peel. Bulked segregant analysis-based sequencing (BSA-Seq) and fine genetic mapping exposed the delimited Clcsm locus to a 19.686-kb interval on chromosome 6, and the Cla97C06G126680 gene encoding the MYB transcription factor family was identified. The gene mutation analysis showed that two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) sites [Chr6:28438793 (A-T) and Chr6:28438845 (A-C)] contribute to the clear peel stripe margin pattern, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also showed a higher expression trend in the slb line than in the GWAS-38 line. Further, comparative transcriptomic analysis identified major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three developmental periods [4, 12, and 20 days after pollination (DAP)] of both parental lines. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses indicated highly enriched DEGs involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activity. A total of 44 transcription factor families and candidate genes belonging to the ARR-B transcription factor family are believed to regulate the clear stripe margin trait of watermelon peel. The gene structure, sequence polymorphism, and expression trends depicted significant differences in the peel stripe margin pattern of both parental lines. The ClMYB36 gene showed a higher expression trend for regulating the clear peel stripe margin of the slb line, and the ClAPRR5 gene depicted a higher expression for modulating the blurred peel stripe margin in the GWAS-38 line. Overall, our fine genetic mapping and transcriptomic analysis revealed candidate genes differentiating the clear and blurred peel stripe patterns of watermelon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Yang
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC, United States
| | - Yaru Duan
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiuping Bao
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Bohan An
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chengzhi Yuan
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiujie Liu
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jixiu Liu
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gao
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
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Delgado-Carrillo O, Martén-Rodríguez S, Ramírez-Mejía D, Novais S, Quevedo A, Ghilardi A, Sayago R, Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Pérez-Trujillo E, Quesada M. Pollination services to crops of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and green tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) in the coastal region of Jalisco, Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301402. [PMID: 39042665 PMCID: PMC11265665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bees play a pivotal role as pollinators in crops essential for human consumption. However, the global decline in bee populations poses a significant threat to pollination services and food security worldwide. The loss and degradation of habitats due to land use change are primary factors contributing to bee declines, particularly in tropical forests facing high deforestation rates. Here, we evaluate the pollination services provided to crops of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and green tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) in three municipalities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, a place with Tropical Dry Forest, during years 2008, and 2014 to 2017. Both crops are cultivated in the dry season, approximately during the months of November to March. We describe the composition of the pollinator community and their visitation frequency (measured through the number of visits per flower per hour), and we assess the impact of pollinators on plant reproductive success and the level of pollinator dependence for each crop species (measured through the number of flowers that developed into fruits). We also evaluate how the landscape configuration (through the percentage of forest cover and distance to the forest) influences richness and abundance of pollinators (measured as number of species and individuals of pollinators per line of 50 m), and we use the model Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) to map and value the pollination service in both crops. InVEST Crop pollination model is a simulation focuses on wild pollinators providing the pollinator ecosystem service. Our findings indicate that Apis mellifera was the primary pollinator of both crops, one of the few abundant pollinators in the study region during the dry season. In experiments where pollinators were excluded from flowers, watermelon yielded no fruits, while green tomato experienced a 65% reduction in production. In the case of green tomato, fruit set showed a positive correlation with pollinator abundance. A positive association between forest cover and total pollinator abundance was observed in green tomato in 2008, but not in watermelon. Additionally, a positive relationship was observed between the abundance of bees predicted by the InVEST model and the abundance of bees observed in green tomato flowers in 2008. In the study region, green tomato and watermelon rely on pollinators for fruit production, with honeybees (from feral and managed colonies) acting as the primary provider of pollination services for these crops. Consequently, the conservation of natural areas is crucial to provide food and nesting resources for pollinators. By doing so, we can ensure the diversity and abundance of pollinators, which in turn will help secure food security. The findings of this study underscore the critical need for the conservation of natural areas to support pollinator populations. Policymakers should prioritize the protection and restoration of habitats, particularly tropical forests, which are essential for maintaining the diversity and abundance of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Delgado-Carrillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvana Martén-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Diana Ramírez-Mejía
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Alexander Quevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Adrian Ghilardi
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Roberto Sayago
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Facultad de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Tecpán de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Martha Lopezaraiza-Mikel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Facultad de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Tecpán de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Erika Pérez-Trujillo
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Zhou Y, Shen Q, Cai L, Zhao H, Zhang K, Ma Y, Bo Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang M. Promoter variations of ClERF1 gene determines flesh firmness in watermelon. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 38627629 PMCID: PMC11020897 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flesh firmness is a critical factor that influences fruit storability, shelf-life and consumer's preference as well. However, less is known about the key genetic factors that are associated with flesh firmness in fresh fruits like watermelon. RESULTS In this study, through bulk segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influenced variations in flesh firmness among recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from cross between the Citrullus mucosospermus accession ZJU152 with hard-flesh and Citrullus lanatus accession ZJU163 with soft-flesh. Fine mapping and sequence variations analyses revealed that ethylene-responsive factor 1 (ClERF1) was the most likely candidate gene for watermelon flesh firmness. Furthermore, several variations existed in the promoter region between ClERF1 of two parents, and significantly higher expressions of ClERF1 were found in hard-flesh ZJU152 compared with soft-flesh ZJU163 at key developmental stages. DUAL-LUC and GUS assays suggested much stronger promoter activity in ZJU152 over ZJU163. In addition, the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping datasets of RIL populations and germplasm accessions further supported ClERF1 as a possible candidate gene for fruit flesh firmness variability and the hard-flesh genotype might only exist in wild species C. mucosospermus. Through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual luciferase assay, we found that ClERF1 could directly bind to the promoters of auxin-responsive protein (ClAux/IAA) and exostosin family protein (ClEXT) and positively regulated their expressions influencing fruit ripening and cell wall biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ClERF1 encoding an ethylene-responsive factor 1 is associated with flesh firmness in watermelon and provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of flesh firmness, and the ClERF1 gene is potentially applicable to the molecular improvement of fruit-flesh firmness by design breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Shen
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Cai
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang R, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Bo Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. A large presence/absence variation in the promotor of the ClLOG gene determines trichome elongation in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:98. [PMID: 38592431 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClLOG gene encoding a cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase determines trichome length in watermelon, which is associated with its promoter variations. Trichomes, which are differentiated from epidermal cells, are special accessory structures that cover the above-ground organs of plants and possibly contribute to biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Here, a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of an F2 population with significant variations in trichome length was undertaken. A 1.84-Mb candidate region on chromosome 10 was associated with trichome length. Resequencing and fine-mapping analyses indicated that a 12-kb structural variation in the promoter of Cla97C10G203450 (ClLOG) led to a significant expression difference in this gene in watermelon lines with different trichome lengths. In addition, a virus-induced gene silencing analysis confirmed that ClLOG positively regulated trichome elongation. These findings provide new information and identify a potential target gene for controlling multicellular trichome elongation in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Bo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Mahmoud A, Qi R, Chi X, Liao N, Malangisha GK, Ali A, Moustafa-Farag M, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. Integrated Bulk Segregant Analysis, Fine Mapping, and Transcriptome Revealed QTLs and Candidate Genes Associated with Drought Adaptation in Wild Watermelon. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:65. [PMID: 38203237 PMCID: PMC10779233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress has detrimental effects on crop productivity worldwide. A strong root system is crucial for maintaining water and nutrients uptake under drought stress. Wild watermelons possess resilient roots with excellent drought adaptability. However, the genetic factors controlling this trait remain uninvestigated. In this study, we conducted a bulk segregant analysis (BSA) on an F2 population consisting of two watermelon genotypes, wild and domesticated, which differ in their lateral root development under drought conditions. We identified two quantitative trait loci (qNLR_Dr. Chr01 and qNLR_Dr. Chr02) associated with the lateral root response to drought. Furthermore, we determined that a small region (0.93 Mb in qNLR_Dr. Chr01) is closely linked to drought adaptation through quantitative trait loci (QTL) validation and fine mapping. Transcriptome analysis of the parent roots under drought stress revealed unique effects on numerous genes in the sensitive genotype but not in the tolerant genotype. By integrating BSA, fine mapping, and the transcriptome, we identified six genes, namely L-Ascorbate Oxidase (AO), Cellulose Synthase-Interactive Protein 1 (CSI1), Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein (LEA), Zinc-Finger Homeodomain Protein 2 (ZHD2), Pericycle Factor Type-A 5 (PFA5), and bZIP transcription factor 53-like (bZIP53-like), that might be involved in the drought adaptation. Our findings provide valuable QTLs and genes for marker-assisted selection in improving water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in watermelon. They also lay the groundwork for the genetic manipulation of drought-adapting genes in watermelon and other Cucurbitacea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University St, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Rui Qi
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaolu Chi
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Abid Ali
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Moustafa-Farag
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University St, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.M.); (R.Q.); (X.C.); (N.L.); (G.K.M.); (A.A.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Mamabolo MM, Tabit FT. Process optimisation for enzymatic clarification of indigenous wild watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) juice. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:779-788. [PMID: 35903911 PMCID: PMC10621027 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental step in improving the quality and consumer acceptability of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is the process of juice clarification. The aim of this research was to investigate the physicochemical properties of crude wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice and to optimise the processing conditions, incubation time, incubation temperature and enzyme concentration for the enzymatic clarification of the crude juice. Crude wild watermelon juice samples were treated with pectinase enzyme in different concentrations (0.05 to 0.15 w/w%), at different incubation temperatures (30-50 oC) and for different incubation durations (60-180 min). The effects of the different treatments on turbidity, clarity, viscosity, lightness, and brix were determined. The response models adequately predicted turbidity, clarity, and viscosity at R2 > 0.5, but not lightness considering that R2 < 0.5. The model was statistically significant in predicting turbidity (R2 = 0.86), clarity (R2 = 0.81), viscosity (R2 = 0.97) and brix (R2 = 0.94) - but not lightness (R2 = 0.24) at p < 0.05. The enzyme concentration did not significantly affect turbidity, clarity, and lightness, but it did significantly affect brix positively (p < 0.05). Response surface methodology software was used to determine optimal clarification conditions. In conclusion, the optimum conditions for crude watermelon juice clarification were 0.15 w/w% enzyme concentration, 60 min incubation time and 60 oC incubation temperature. The optimum output parameters were 14.18 NTU for turbidity, 0.04 Abs for clarity, 52.30 L* value for lightness, 1.96 cps for viscosity and 3.08% for Brix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moselo Maureen Mamabolo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Frederick Tawi Tabit
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, South Africa
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7
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Goldman IL, Wang Y, Alfaro AV, Brainard S, Oravec MW, McGregor CE, van der Knaap E. Form and contour: breeding and genetics of organ shape from wild relatives to modern vegetable crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257707. [PMID: 37841632 PMCID: PMC10568141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Shape is a primary determinant of consumer preference for many horticultural crops and it is also associated with many aspects of marketing, harvest mechanics, and postharvest handling. Perceptions of quality and preference often map to specific shapes of fruits, tubers, leaves, flowers, roots, and other plant organs. As a result, humans have greatly expanded the palette of shapes available for horticultural crops, in many cases creating a series of market classes where particular shapes predominate. Crop wild relatives possess organs shaped by natural selection, while domesticated species possess organs shaped by human desires. Selection for visually-pleasing shapes in vegetable crops resulted from a number of opportunistic factors, including modification of supernumerary cambia, allelic variation at loci that control fundamental processes such as cell division, cell elongation, transposon-mediated variation, and partitioning of photosynthate. Genes that control cell division patterning may be universal shape regulators in horticultural crops, influencing the form of fruits, tubers, and grains in disparate species. Crop wild relatives are often considered less relevant for modern breeding efforts when it comes to characteristics such as shape, however this view may be unnecessarily limiting. Useful allelic variation in wild species may not have been examined or exploited with respect to shape modifications, and newly emergent information on key genes and proteins may provide additional opportunities to regulate the form and contour of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin L. Goldman
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrey Vega Alfaro
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Scott Brainard
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madeline W. Oravec
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cecilia Elizabeth McGregor
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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8
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Park G, Shahwar D, Jang G, Shin J, Kwon G, Kim Y, Hong CO, Jin B, Kim H, Lee O, Park Y. Identification of a novel locus C2 controlling canary yellow flesh color in watermelons. Front Genet 2023; 14:1256627. [PMID: 37795242 PMCID: PMC10545963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1256627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The flesh color of watermelon is an important trait that is determined by carotenoid composition and affects consumers' fruit desirability. Although a complete dominant control by C locus (Cllcyb) for canary yellow flesh (CY) over red flesh has been reported, red and CY colors frequently appear as a mixed pattern in the same flesh (incomplete canary yellow, ICY) in F1 and inbred lines carrying dominant C alleles. Therefore, we examined the genetic control of the mixed color pattern in ICY using whole-genome resequencing of three ICY (ICY group) and three CY inbred lines (CY group), as well as genetic linkage mapping of an F2 population. The segregation pattern in 135 F2 plants indicated that CY is controlled by a single locus (named C 2) dominant over ICY. The whole-genome resequencing of ICY and CY inbred lines revealed an ICY/CY-specific region of approximately 27.60-27.88 Mb on Chr. 2 that was polymorphic between the ICY and CY groups. Our genetic map, using nine cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers developed based on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the ICY/CY-specific region, confirmed that C 2 is located on Chr. 2 and cosegregated with the marker (M7) derived from a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene (ClPPR, Cla97C02G039880). Additionally, 27 watermelon inbred lines of ICY, CY, and red flesh were evaluated using previously reported Cllcyb (C locus)-based markers and our C 2 locus-linked ClPPR-based marker (M7). As a result, dominant alleles at the C 2 locus were required to produce CY, in addition to dominant alleles at the C locus, while a recessive homozygous genotype at the C locus gave the red flesh irrespective of the genotype at the C 2 locus. Using a ClPPR-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence developed in this study and Cllcyb-based markers, watermelon cultivars with CY, ICY, and red flesh could be successfully discerned, implying that the combined use of these markers will be efficient for marker-assisted selection of flesh color in watermelon breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girim Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Durre Shahwar
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Jang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jagyeong Shin
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Kwon
- Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjae Kim
- Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Oh Hong
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingkui Jin
- UNELL Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Hoytaek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oakjin Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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Zhou C, Wang P, Zeng Q, Zeng R, Hu W, Sun L, Liu S, Luan F, Zhu Q. Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of seven extant Citrullus species insight into genetic variation, phylogenetic relationships, and selective pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6779. [PMID: 37185306 PMCID: PMC10130142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullus ecirrhosus, Citrullus rehmii, and Citrullus naudinianus are three important related wild species of watermelon in the genus Citrullus, and their morphological differences are clear, however, their chloroplast genome differences remain unknown. This study is the first to assemble, analyze, and publish the complete chloroplast genomes of C. ecirrhosus, C. rehmii, and C. naudinianus. A comparative analysis was then conducted among the complete chloroplast genomes of seven extant Citrullus species, and the results demonstrated that the average genome sizes of Citrullus is 157,005 bp, a total of 130-133 annotated genes were identified, including 8 rRNA, 37 tRNA and 85-88 protein-encoding genes. Their gene content, order, and genome structure were similar. However, noncoding regions were more divergent than coding regions, and rps16-trnQ was a hypervariable fragment. Thirty-four polymorphic SSRs, 1,271 SNPs and 234 INDELs were identified. Phylogenetic trees revealed a clear phylogenetic relationship of Citrullus species, and the developed molecular markers (SNPs and rps16-trnQ) could be used for taxonomy in Citrullus. Three genes (atpB, clpP1, and rpoC2) were identified to undergo selection and would promote the environmental adaptation of Citrullus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Putao Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianglong Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO. 1101 Zhimin Street, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Gong C, He N, Zhu H, Anees M, Lu X, Liu W. Multi-omics integration to explore the molecular insight into the volatile organic compounds in watermelon. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112603. [PMID: 36914327 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A range of volatile organic compounds played an important role in the formation of watermelon fruit aroma, while due to the low content and difficulty in detection, it is often neglected in watermelon breeding programs, resulting in a decline in fruit flavor. VOCs in the flesh of 194 watermelon accessions and seven cultivars at four developmental stages were determined by SPME-GC-MS. Ten metabolites with significant differences in the natural population and positive accumulation during fruit development are considered to be the key metabolite related to watermelon fruit aroma. And the link between metabolite and, flesh color and sugar content by correlation analysis was established. The results of the genome-wide association study showed that (5E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one, and 1-(4-methylphenyl) ethanone were colocalized with watermelon flesh color on chromosome 4, which may be regulated by LCYB and CCD. (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one is the VOC produced by the cleavage of carotenoids, which has a positive correlation with the sugar content of the fruit, and the candidate gene Cla97C05G092490 on chromosome 5 may interact with PSY to influence the accumulation of this metabolite. In addition, Cla97C02G049790 (enol reductase), Cla97C03G051490 (omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene), LOX, and ADH may play important roles in the synthesis of fatty acids and their derived VOCs. Taken together, our findings provide molecular insights into the accumulation and natural variation of VOCs in watermelon, and give data support for breeding watermelon cultivars with better flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Gong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Nan He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Hongju Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Muhammad Anees
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Wenge Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
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11
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Nie H, Kim M, Lee S, Lim S, Lee MS, Kim JH, Noh SJ, Park SW, Kim ST, Shin AY, Lee Y, Kwon SY. High-quality genome assembly and genetic mapping reveal a gene regulating flesh color in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142856. [PMID: 36938051 PMCID: PMC10014564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The unique color and type characteristics of watermelon fruits are regulated by many molecular mechanisms. However, it still needs to be combined with more abundant genetic data to fine-tune the positioning. We assembled genomes of two Korean inbred watermelon lines (cv. 242-1 and 159-1) with unique color and fruit-type characteristics and identified 23,921 and 24,451 protein-coding genes in the two genomes, respectively. To obtain more precise results for further study, we resequenced one individual of each parental line and an F2 population composed of 87 individuals. This identified 1,539 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 80 InDel markers that provided a high-density genetic linkage map with a total length of 3,036.9 cM. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified 15 QTLs for watermelon fruit quality-related traits, including β-carotene and lycopene content in fruit flesh, fruit shape index, skin thickness, flesh color, and rind color. By investigating the mapping intervals, we identified 33 candidate genes containing variants in the coding sequence. Among them, Cla97C01G008760 was annotated as a phytoene synthase with a single-nucleotide variant (A → G) in the first exon at 9,539,129 bp of chromosome 1 that resulted in the conversion of a lysine to glutamic acid, indicating that this gene might regulate flesh color changes at the protein level. These findings not only prove the importance of a phytoene synthase gene in pigmentation but also explain an important reason for the color change of watermelon flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Nie
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyo Kim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeok Kim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Ji Noh
- Watermelon and Strawberry Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Won Park
- Watermelon and Strawberry Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Tae Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Amanullah S, Li S, Osae BA, Yang T, Abbas F, Gao M, Wang X, Liu H, Gao P, Luan F. Primary mapping of quantitative trait loci regulating multivariate horticultural phenotypes of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1034952. [PMID: 36714694 PMCID: PMC9877429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon fruits exhibit a remarkable diversity of important horticultural phenotypes. In this study, we initiated a primary quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to identify the candidate regions controlling the ovary, fruit, and seed phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out for two differentiated watermelon lines, and 350 Mb (96%) and 354 Mb (97%) of re-sequenced reads covered the reference de novo genome assembly, individually. A total of 45.53% non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs) and 54.47% synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) were spotted, which produced 210 sets of novel SNP-based cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) markers by depicting 46.25% co-dominant polymorphism among parent lines and offspring. A biparental F2:3 mapping population comprised of 100 families was used for trait phenotyping and CAPS genotyping, respectively. The constructed genetic map spanned a total of 2,398.40 centimorgans (cM) in length and averaged 11.42 cM, with 95.99% genome collinearity. A total of 33 QTLs were identified at different genetic positions across the eight chromosomes of watermelon (Chr-01, Chr-02, Chr-04, Chr-05, Chr-06, Chr-07, Chr-10, and Chr-11); among them, eight QTLs of the ovary, sixteen QTLs of the fruit, and nine QTLs of the seed related phenotypes were classified with 5.32-25.99% phenotypic variance explained (PVE). However, twenty-four QTLs were identified as major-effect and nine QTLs were mapped as minor-effect QTLs across the flanking regions of CAPS markers. Some QTLs were exhibited as tightly localized across the nearby genetic regions and explained the pleiotropic effects of multigenic nature. The flanking QTL markers also depicted significant allele specific contributions and accountable genes were predicted for respective traits. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment was categorized in molecular function (MF), cellular components (CC), and biological process (BP); however, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were classified into three main classes of metabolism, genetic information processing, and brite hierarchies. The principal component analysis (PCA) of multivariate phenotypes widely demonstrated the major variability, consistent with the identified QTL regions. In short, we assumed that our identified QTL regions provide valuable genetic insights regarding the watermelon phenotypes and fine genetic mapping could be used to confirm them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Benjamin Agyei Osae
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
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13
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Gebremeskel H, Umer MJ, Hongju Z, Li B, Shengjie Z, Yuan P, Xuqiang L, Nan H, Wenge L. Genetic mapping and molecular characterization of the delayed green gene dg in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152644. [PMID: 37152178 PMCID: PMC10158938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding and are important tools in understanding regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Genetic analysis was performed by evaluating F1, F2 and BC1 populations derived from two parental lines (Charleston gray with green leaf color and Houlv with delayed green leaf color), suggesting that a single recessive gene controls the delayed green leaf color. In this study, the delayed green mutant showed a conditional pale green leaf color at the early leaf development but turned to green as the leaf development progressed. Delayed green leaf plants showed reduced pigment content, photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and impaired chloroplast development compared with green leaf plants. The delayed green (dg) locus was mapped to 7.48 Mb on chromosome 3 through bulk segregant analysis approach, and the gene controlling delayed green leaf color was narrowed to 53.54 kb between SNP130 and SNP135 markers containing three candidate genes. Sequence alignment of the three genes indicated that there was a single SNP mutation (G/A) in the coding region of ClCG03G010030 in the Houlv parent, which causes an amino acid change from Arginine to Lysine. The ClCG03G010030 gene encoded FtsH extracellular protease protein family is involved in early delayed green leaf development. The expression level of ClCG03G010030 was significantly reduced in delayed green leaf plants than in green leaf plants. These results indicated that the ClCG03G010030 might control watermelon green leaf color and the single SNP variation in ClCG03G010030 may result in early delayed green leaf color development during evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haileslassie Gebremeskel
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhu Hongju
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Shengjie
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Xuqiang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Nan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Wenge
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liu Wenge,
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14
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Bazie D, Konate K, Kaboré K, Dakuyo R, Sanou A, Sama H, Dicko MH. Nutraceutical potential of the pulp of five cultivars of watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] grown in Burkina Faso. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bazie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Kiessoun Konate
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
- Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies (UFR-SAT), University of Dédougou, Dédougou Burkina Faso
| | - Kabakdé Kaboré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Roger Dakuyo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoudramane Sanou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Hemayoro Sama
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Hama Dicko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
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Roopa Sowjanya P, Shilpa P, Patil GP, Babu DK, Sharma J, Sangnure VR, Mundewadikar DM, Natarajan P, Marathe AR, Reddy UK, Singh VN. Reference quality genome sequence of Indian pomegranate cv. 'Bhagawa' ( Punica granatum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:947164. [PMID: 36186044 PMCID: PMC9521485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an important fruit crop for ensuring livelihood and nutrition security in fragile semi-arid regions of the globe having limited irrigation resources. This is a high-value, nutritionally rich, and export-oriented agri-commodity that ensures high returns on investment to growers across the world. Although it is a valuable fruit crop, it has received only a limited genomics research outcome. To fast-track the pomegranate improvement program, de novo whole-genome sequencing of the main Indian cultivar 'Bhagawa' was initiated by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Center on Pomegranate (ICAR-NRCP). We have demonstrated that a combination of commercially available technologies from Illumina, PacBio, 10X Genomics, and BioNano Genomics could be used efficiently for sequencing and reference-grade de novo assembly of the pomegranate genome. The research led to a final reference-quality genome assembly for 'Bhagawa' of 346.08 Mb in 342 scaffolds and an average N50 of 16.12 Mb and N90 of 1088.62 Kb. This assembly covered more than 98% of the estimated pomegranate genome size, 352.54 Mb. The LTR assembly index (LAI) value of 10 and 93.68% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score over the 1,440 ortholog genes of the completed pomegranate genome indicates the quality of the assembled pomegranate genome. Furthermore, 29,435 gene models were discovered with a mean transcript length of 2,954 bp and a mean coding sequence length 1,090 bp. Four transcript data samples of pomegranate tissues were mapped over the assembled 'Bhagawa' genome up to 95% significant matches, indicating the high quality of the assembled genome. We have compared the 'Bhagawa' genome with the genomes of the pomegranate cultivars 'Dabenzi' and 'Taishanhong.' We have also performed whole-genome phylogenetic analysis using Computational Analysis of Gene Family Evolution (CAFE) and found that Eucalyptus grandis and pomegranate diverged 64 (60-70) million years ago. About 1,573 protein-coding resistance genes identified in the 'Bhagawa' genome were classified into 32 domains. In all, 314 copies of miRNA belonging to 26 different families were identified in the 'Bhagawa' genome. The reference-quality genome assembly of 'Bhagawa' is certainly a significant genomic resource for accelerated pomegranate improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jyotsana Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP), Solapur, India
| | | | | | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, United States
| | | | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, United States
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16
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Pérez-Escobar OA, Tusso S, Przelomska NAS, Wu S, Ryan P, Nesbitt M, Silber MV, Preick M, Fei Z, Hofreiter M, Chomicki G, Renner SS. Genome sequencing of up to 6,000-yr-old Citrullus seeds reveals use of a bitter-fleshed species prior to watermelon domestication. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6652436. [PMID: 35907246 PMCID: PMC9387916 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iconographic evidence from Egypt suggests that watermelon pulp was consumed there as a dessert by 4,360 BP. Earlier archaeobotanical evidence comes from seeds from Neolithic settlements in Libya, but whether these were watermelons with sweet pulp or other forms is unknown. We generated genome sequences from 6,000- and 3,300-year-old seeds from Libya and Sudan, and from worldwide herbarium collections made between 1824 and 2019, and analyzed these data together with resequenced genomes from important germplasm collections for a total of 131 accessions. Phylogenomic and population-genomic analyses reveal that (1) much of the nuclear genome of both ancient seeds is traceable to West African seed-use “egusi-type” watermelon (Citrullus mucosospermus) rather than domesticated pulp-use watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris); (2) the 6,000-year-old watermelon likely had bitter pulp and greenish-white flesh as today found in C. mucosospermus, given alleles in the bitterness regulators ClBT and in the red color marker LYCB; and (3) both ancient genomes showed admixture from C. mucosospermus, C. lanatus ssp. cordophanus, C. lanatus ssp. vulgaris, and even South African Citrullus amarus, and evident introgression between the Libyan seed (UMB-6) and populations of C. lanatus. An unexpected new insight is that Citrullus appears to have initially been collected or cultivated for its seeds, not its flesh, consistent with seed damage patterns induced by human teeth in the oldest Libyan material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Tusso
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), 82152 Planegg- Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Mark Nesbitt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - Martina V Silber
- Faculty of Biology, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Preick
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Faculty of Biology, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), 80638 Munich, Germany.,Department of Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Sarigu M, Sabato D, Ucchesu M, Loi MC, Bosi G, Grillo O, Torres SB, Bacchetta G. Discovering Plum, Watermelon and Grape Cultivars Founded in a Middle Age Site of Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) through a Computer Image Analysis Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081089. [PMID: 35448816 PMCID: PMC9030421 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of several waterlogged plant remains in a Middle Ages context (1330–1360 AD) in Sassari (NS, Sardinia, Italy) enabled the characterisation of archaeological plum fruit stones and watermelon and grape seeds through computer image analysis. Digital seed/endocarp images were acquired by a flatbed scanner and processed and analysed by applying computerised image analysis techniques. The morphometric data were statistically elaborated using stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), allowing comparisons among archaeological remains, wild populations and autochthonous cultivars. Archaeological samples of plum were compared with 21 autochthonous cultivars of Prunus domestica from Sardinia, while archaeological watermelon seeds were compared with 36 seed lots of Citrullus from Europe, Africa and Asia. Moreover, archaeological grape seeds were compared with 51 autochthonous traditional cultivars of Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera from Sardinia, 16 cultivars from Tuscany, six cultivars from Liguria, and eight cultivars from Catalonia (Spain). Archaeological plum remains showed morphological affinity with five cultivars of Sardinia. Seed features of the archaeological watermelon remains demonstrated affiliation with a proper sweet dessert watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, and similarity with some Sardinian cultivars. Regarding the archaeological remains of grape, morphometric comparisons showed a high similarity with autochthonous cultivars from Catalonia and Liguria. This study provides new information about ancient fruit cultivated and consumed during the Middle Ages in Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sarigu
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.L.); (O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Diego Sabato
- Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografía i Historia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mariano Ucchesu
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution (ISEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Montpellier, UMR 5554, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cecilia Loi
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.L.); (O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Bosi
- Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Oscar Grillo
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.L.); (O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Salvador Barros Torres
- Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, Bairro Costa e Silva, 572, Mossoró 59625-900 , Brazil;
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.L.); (O.G.); (G.B.)
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Examining the Inheritance of Watermelon Fruit Traits by Hayman’s Graphical Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3059218. [PMID: 35265710 PMCID: PMC8898807 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3059218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Watermelon traits such as yield and other agronomic traits are highly environmentally sensitive and regulated by multiple genes; therefore, by understanding the genetic structure, the heritability and genetic influence of different traits can improve them. Five watermelon lines were crossed in a
full diallel parental design to estimate the genetic effect and heritability of fruit traits. Treatments were evaluated on the farm using a random complete block design. Analysis of the results showed a significant difference between genotypes, which was observed for all the studied traits at the probability level of 1%. Hayman’s graphical method showed that the contribution of the nonadditive effects was more important than that of the additive effect to control most of the traits. Fruit maturation and pericarp thickness traits were regulated by incomplete dominance gene effects, and other traits were regulated by overdominance effects. The trait heritability varied between at least 0.013 and 0.352 for the fruit weight and fruit number, respectively. Results demonstrated that some traits can be modified based on the heterozygosity and production of hybrid variety methods, while the hybrid and selection in an advanced generation method can be suggested in watermelon breeding programs to breed other traits.
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Gong C, Zhao S, Yang D, Lu X, Anees M, He N, Zhu H, Zhao Y, Liu W. Genome-wide association analysis provides molecular insights into the natural variation of watermelon seed size. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab074. [PMID: 35043154 PMCID: PMC8923815 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seed-consumption watermelon tend to have larger-sized seeds, while flesh-consumed watermelon often require relatively smaller seed. Therefore, the seed size of watermelon has received extensive attention from consumers and breeders. However, the study on the natural variation and genetic mechanism of watermelon seed size is not clear enough. In the present study, 100 seed weight, seed hilum length, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness in 197 watermelon accessions were examined. Furthermore, association analysis was conducted between seed size traits and high-quality SNP data. The results revealed that there was a strong correlation between the five seed traits. And seed enlargement was an important feature during watermelon seed size domestication. Meanwhile, the seed consumption biological species C. mucosospermu and C. lanatus edible seed watermelon had a significantly bigger seed size than other species's. Eleven non-repeating significant SNPs above the threshold line were obtained by GWAS analysis. Four of them on chromosome 5 were considered to be closely associated with seed size traits, i.e. S5: 32250307, S5: 32250454, S5: 32256177, S5: 32260870, which could be used as potential molecular markers for the breeding of watermelon cultivars with target seed size. In addition, combined with gene annotation information and previous reports, five genes near the four significant SNPs may regulate seed size. And qRT-PCR analysis showed that two genes Cla97C05G104360 and Cla97C05G104380, which may be involved in abscisic acid metabolism, may play an important role in regulating the seed size of watermelon. Our findings provide molecular insights into natural variation in watermelon seed size, and gives valuable information of molecular marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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20
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Sorokina M, McCaffrey KS, Deaton EE, Ma G, Ordovás JM, Perkins-Veazie PM, Steinbeck C, Levi A, Parnell LD. A Catalog of Natural Products Occurring in Watermelon- Citrullus lanatus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729822. [PMID: 34595201 PMCID: PMC8476801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet dessert watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed throughout the world. The chemical composition of watermelon provides both high nutritional value and various health benefits. The present manuscript introduces a catalog of 1,679 small molecules occurring in the watermelon and their cheminformatics analysis for diverse features. In this catalog, the phytochemicals are associated with the literature describing their presence in the watermelon plant, and when possible, concentration values in various plant parts (flesh, seeds, leaves, roots, rind). Also cataloged are the chemical classes, molecular weight and formula, chemical structure, and certain physical and chemical properties for each phytochemical. In our view, knowing precisely what is in what we eat, as this catalog does for watermelon, supports both the rationale for certain controlled feeding studies in the field of precision nutrition, and plant breeding efforts for the development of new varieties with enhanced concentrations of specific phytochemicals. Additionally, improved and comprehensive collections of natural products accessible to the public will be especially useful to researchers in nutrition, cheminformatics, bioinformatics, and drug development, among other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sorokina
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Erin E. Deaton
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Guoying Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amnon Levi
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Grumet R, McCreight JD, McGregor C, Weng Y, Mazourek M, Reitsma K, Labate J, Davis A, Fei Z. Genetic Resources and Vulnerabilities of Major Cucurbit Crops. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1222. [PMID: 34440396 PMCID: PMC8392200 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family provides numerous important crops including watermelons (Citrullus lanatus), melons (Cucumis melo), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), and pumpkins and squashes (Cucurbita spp.). Centers of domestication in Africa, Asia, and the Americas were followed by distribution throughout the world and the evolution of secondary centers of diversity. Each of these crops is challenged by multiple fungal, oomycete, bacterial, and viral diseases and insects that vector disease and cause feeding damage. Cultivated varieties are constrained by market demands, the necessity for climatic adaptations, domestication bottlenecks, and in most cases, limited capacity for interspecific hybridization, creating narrow genetic bases for crop improvement. This analysis of crop vulnerabilities examines the four major cucurbit crops, their uses, challenges, and genetic resources. ex situ germplasm banks, the primary strategy to preserve genetic diversity, have been extensively utilized by cucurbit breeders, especially for resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent genomic efforts have documented genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic relationships among accessions within collections. Collection size and accessibility are impacted by historical collections, current ability to collect, and ability to store and maintain collections. The biology of cucurbits, with insect-pollinated, outcrossing plants, and large, spreading vines, pose additional challenges for regeneration and maintenance. Our ability to address ongoing and future cucurbit crop vulnerabilities will require a combination of investment, agricultural, and conservation policies, and technological advances to facilitate collection, preservation, and access to critical Cucurbitaceae diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grumet
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James D. McCreight
- USDA, ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Cecilia McGregor
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Michael Mazourek
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Kathleen Reitsma
- North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA;
| | - Joanne Labate
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Geneva, NY 14456, USA;
| | - Angela Davis
- Sakata Seed America, Inc., Woodland, CA 95776, USA;
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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22
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Vasudevan V, Sathish D, Ajithan C, Sathish S, Manickavasagam M. Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus Thunb.]. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 15:447-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s11816-021-00691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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23
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Gong C, Zhu H, Lu X, Yang D, Zhao S, Umer MJ, He N, Yuan P, Anees M, Diao W, Kaseb MO, Liu W. An integrated transcriptome and metabolome approach reveals the accumulation of taste-related metabolites and gene regulatory networks during watermelon fruit development. PLANTA 2021; 254:35. [PMID: 34292405 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation patterns and gene regulatory networks of sugars and cucurbitacins and related primary and secondary metabolites during cultivated watermelon 'Cheng Lan' and wild watermelon 'PI 632,751' fruit development were identified. Metabolites are the end products of cellular regulatory processes and play important roles in fruit taste formation. However, comprehensive studies on the accumulation patterns of watermelon fruit metabolites and transcriptional regulatory networks are still scarce. In this study, 451 annotated metabolites were identified at four key fruit developmental stages in wild watermelon 'PI 632,751' and modern cultivated watermelon 'Cheng Lan'. Interestingly, 11 sugars and 25 major primary metabolites were mainly accumulated in 'Cheng Lan' during fruit development, which are considered to be the potential metabolites beneficial to the formation of watermelon taste. Cucurbitacins and the main flavonoids were mainly specifically accumulated in 'PI 632,751', not being considered to be responsible for the taste. Moreover, forty-seven genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, and TCA cycle were highly expressed in 'Cheng Lan', which was positively correlated with the accumulation of major primary metabolites. Alternatively, seven UDP-glycosyltransferase genes are closely related to the glycosylation of cucurbitacins through co-expression analysis. Our findings established a global map of metabolite accumulation and gene regulation during fruit development in wild and cultivated watermelons and provided valuable information on taste formation in watermelon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Weinan Diao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - M O Kaseb
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101486118. [PMID: 34031154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101486118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild relatives or progenitors of crops are important resources for breeding and for understanding domestication. Identifying them, however, is difficult because of extinction, hybridization, and the challenge of distinguishing them from feral forms. Here, we use collection-based systematics, iconography, and resequenced accessions of Citrullus lanatus and other species of Citrullus to search for the potential progenitor of the domesticated watermelon. A Sudanese form with nonbitter whitish pulp, known as the Kordofan melon (C. lanatus subsp. cordophanus), appears to be the closest relative of domesticated watermelons and a possible progenitor, consistent with newly interpreted Egyptian tomb paintings that suggest that the watermelon may have been consumed in the Nile Valley as a dessert by 4360 BP. To gain insights into the genetic changes that occurred from the progenitor to the domesticated watermelon, we assembled and annotated the genome of a Kordofan melon at the chromosome level, using a combination of Pacific Biosciences and Illumina sequencing as well as Hi-C mapping technologies. The genetic signature of bitterness loss is present in the Kordofan melon genome, but the red fruit flesh color only became fixed in the domesticated watermelon. We detected 15,824 genome structural variants (SVs) between the Kordofan melon and a typical modern cultivar, "97103," and mapping the SVs in over 400 Citrullus accessions revealed shifts in allelic frequencies, suggesting that fruit sweetness has gradually increased over the course of watermelon domestication. That a likely progenitor of the watermelon still exists in Sudan has implications for targeted modern breeding efforts.
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25
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Zamuz S, Munekata PE, Gullón B, Rocchetti G, Montesano D, Lorenzo JM. Citrullus lanatus as source of bioactive components: An up-to-date review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Costa AEDAS, Cunha FSDA, Araújo KMGDE, Lima Neto IS, Capucho AS, Borel JC, Ishikawa FH. Morph-agronomic characterization of watermelon accessions with resistance to Fusarium Wilt. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191359. [PMID: 33759951 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-five watermelon accessions were inoculated in pots using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum chlamydospores in a completely randomized design with five replications. Among the 42 accessions that were resistant, twelve accessions with a mean score ≤1 were selected for morpho-agronomic characterization. 'Sugar Baby' and 'Charleston Gray' were used as controls. Field research was conducted over two production cycles in a randomized block design with three replications and five plants per plot. For the characterization 13 quantitative agronomic traits were used. The dissimilarity measures were obtained by the sum of the matrices of standardized mean Euclidean distance. Coefficients of variation ranged from 5.33% (number of days until 50% of plants with at least one female flower) and 17.20% (mass of characterized fruit). In the second cycle, a reduction in days was observed for the flowering. For soluble solids content, the accession BGH-UNIVASF 40 was statistically equal to the commercial cultivars in the second cycle. Accessions were grouped similarly using two grouping methods, Tocher and the farthest neighbor method. The most promising accessions were BGH-UNIVASF 40, 169, 177 and 210 for use in future hybridizations. BGH-UNIVASF 76, 128 and 185 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) can be used as resistant Fusarium wilt rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Elton DA Silva Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio S DA Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Kecia Mayara G DE Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Izaias S Lima Neto
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Capucho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo C Borel
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Francine H Ishikawa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, BR-407, Km 119, Lote 543, s/n, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Manzoor MF, Sarpong F, Wei W, Wang X. Gurum Seeds: A Potential Source of Edible Oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Gezira Wad Medani P.O.Box20 Sudan
| | - Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 People's Republic of China
- Value Addition Division Oil Palm Research Institute‐Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Kade BOX 74 Ghana
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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Achigan‐Dako EG, Degbey H, Hale I, Blattner FR. Georeferenced phylogenetic analysis of a global collection of wild and cultivated Citrullus species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1918-1936. [PMID: 33614013 PMCID: PMC7882934 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical origin of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) remains debated. While a first hypothesis suggests the center of origin to be West Africa, where the endemic sister species C. mucosospermus thrives, a second hypothesis suggests northeastern Africa where the white-fleshed Sudanese Kordophan melon is cultivated. In this study, we infer biogeographical and haplotype genealogy for C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis using noncoding cpDNA sequences (trnT-trnL and ndhF-rpl32 regions) from a global collection of 135 accessions. In total, we identified 38 haplotypes in C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis; of these, 21 were found in Africa and 17 appear endemic to the continent. The least diverse species was C. mucosospermus (5 haplotypes) and the most diverse was C. colocynthis (16 haplotypes). Some haplotypes of C. mucosospermus were nearly exclusive to West Africa, and C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus shared haplotypes that were distinct from those of both C. amarus and C. colocynthis. The results support previous findings that revealed C. mucosospermus to be the closest relative to C. lanatus (including subsp. cordophanus). West Africa, as a center of endemism of C. mucosospermus, is an area of interest in the search of the origin of C. lanatus. This calls for further historical and phylogeographical investigations and wider collection of samples in West and northeastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch G. Achigan‐Dako
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Seed ScienceFaculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Hervé Degbey
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Seed ScienceFaculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Iago Hale
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food SystemsCollege of Life Sciences and AgricultureUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Frank R. Blattner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop ResearchGaterslebenGermany
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Gabriel-Ortega J, Barahona-Cajape N, Burgos-López G, Ayón-Villao F, Narváez-Campana W, Vera-Tumbaco M. Evaluación y selección participativa de híbridos de sandía [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum y Nakai] en invernadero. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2021.120100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Citrullus spp. Fruits Provides Evidence for Metabolomic Divergence during Domestication. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020078. [PMID: 33525435 PMCID: PMC7911689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most nutritional fruits that is widely distributed in the whole world. The nutritional compositions are mainly influenced by the genotype and environment. However, the metabolomics of different domestication status and different flesh colors watermelon types is not fully understood. In this study, we reported an extensive assessment of metabolomic divergence in the fruit flesh among Citrullus sp. and within Citrullus sp. We demonstrate that metabolic profiling was significantly different between the wild and cultivated watermelons, the apigenin 6-C-glucoside, luteolin 6-C-glucoside, chrysoeriol C-hexoside, naringenin C-hexoside, C-pentosyl-chrysoeriol O-hexoside, and sucrose are the main divergent metabolites. Correlation analysis results revealed that flavonoids were present in one tight metabolite cluster. The main divergent metabolites in different flesh-colored cultivated watermelon fruits are p-coumaric acid, 2,3-dihydroflavone, catechin, N-(3-indolylacetyl)-l-alanine, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and pelargonidin o-hexoside. A total of 431 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified from pairwise comparative analyses. C. lanatus edible-seed watermelon (cultivars) and C. mucosospermus (wild) have similar fruit metabolic profiles and phenotypic traits, indicating that edible-seed watermelon may be a relative of wild species and a relatively primitive differentiation type of cultivated watermelon. Our data provide extensive knowledge for metabolomics-based watermelon improvement of Citrullus fruits meet their enhanced nutritive properties or upgraded germplasm utility values.
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Tan Mei Chin B, Ali A, Kamal H, Mustafa MA, Khaliq G, Siddiqui Y. Optimizing parameters on the antioxidant capacity of watermelon pulp using conventional orbital shaker and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Tan Mei Chin
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB) School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Asgar Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB) School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Hina Kamal
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB) School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Maysoun A. Mustafa
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB) School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Khaliq
- Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences Uthal Pakistan
| | - Yasmeen Siddiqui
- Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection Institute of Plantation Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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Sousa EC, Raizada MN. Contributions of African Crops to American Culture and Beyond: The Slave Trade and Other Journeys of Resilient Peoples and Crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.586340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general unawareness of food crops indigenous to the African continent that have contributed to Western culture. This under-appreciation is particularly relevant in the current context of societal movements to end historic racism and value the contributions of peoples of African origin and African skin colors. Lack of awareness of the contributions of Africa's crops has negative practical consequences, including inadequate investments in preserving and maximizing the use of crop diversity to facilitate breeding. This paper provides an overview and analysis of African crops that have made significant contributions to the United States and globally, and/or hold potential in the twenty-first century. The paper specifically discusses watermelon, coffee, kola, rooibos, oil palm, shea, cowpea/black eyed pea, leafy greens, okra, yam, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, teff, and fonio. The review focuses on the intersection of these crops with racialized peoples, with a particular focus on African-Americans starting with slavery. The analysis includes the sites of domestication of African crops, their historical migration out of Africa, their sociocultural contributions to cuisines and products around the world, their uses today, and the indigenous knowledge associated with traditional cultivation and landrace selection. The untapped potential of local genetic resources and indigenous agronomic strategies are also described. The review demonstrates that African crops played an important role in the development of American cuisine, beverages and household products. Many of these crops are nutritious, high value and stress tolerant. The paper concludes that African crops hold significant promise in improving the resiliency of global food production systems, to mitigate climate change and alleviate food insecurity and rural poverty, especially in dry regions of the world. It is hoped that this review contributes to teaching the next generation of agriculturalists, food scientists and international development professionals about the valuable contributions of Africa's resilient crops and peoples.
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Zonneveld M, Kindt R, Solberg SØ, N'Danikou S, Dawson IK. Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Zonneveld
- Genetic Resources and Seed Unit World Vegetable CenterHeadquarters Shanhua Taiwan
| | | | - Svein Ø. Solberg
- Faculty of Applied Ecology Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Elverum Norway
| | - Sognigbé N'Danikou
- World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa office Arusha Tanzania
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Aguado E, García A, Iglesias-Moya J, Romero J, Wehner TC, Gómez-Guillamón ML, Picó B, Garcés-Claver A, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Mapping a Partial Andromonoecy Locus in Citrullus lanatus Using BSA-Seq and GWAS Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32973825 PMCID: PMC7466658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The sexual expression of watermelon plants is the result of the distribution and occurrence of male, female, bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers on the main and secondary stems. Plants can be monoecious (producing male and female flowers), andromonoecious (producing male and hermaphrodite flowers), or partially andromonoecious (producing male, female, bisexual, and hermaphrodite flowers) within the same plant. Sex determination of individual floral buds and the distribution of the different flower types on the plant, are both controlled by ethylene. A single missense mutation in the ethylene biosynthesis gene CitACS4, is able to promote the conversion of female into hermaphrodite flowers, and therefore of monoecy (genotype MM) into partial andromonoecy (genotype Mm) or andromonoecy (genotype mm). We phenotyped and genotyped, for the M/m locus, a panel of 207 C. lanatus accessions, including five inbreds and hybrids, and found several accessions that were repeatedly phenotyped as PA (partially andromonoecious) in several locations and different years, despite being MM. A cosegregation analysis between a SNV in CitACS4 and the PA phenotype, demonstrated that the occurrence of bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers in a PA line is not dependent on CitACS4, but conferred by an unlinked recessive gene which we called pa. Two different approaches were performed to map the pa gene in the genome of C. lanatus: bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genome wide association analysis studies (GWAS). The BSA-seq study was performed using two contrasting bulks, the monoecious M-bulk and the partially andromonoecious PA-bulk, each one generated by pooling DNA from 20 F2 plants. For GWAS, 122 accessions from USDA gene bank, already re-sequenced by genotyping by sequencing (GBS), were used. The combination of the two approaches indicates that pa maps onto a genomic region expanding across 32.24-36.44 Mb in chromosome 1 of watermelon. Fine mapping narrowed down the pa locus to a 867 Kb genomic region containing 101 genes. A number of candidate genes were selected, not only for their function in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling as well as their role in flower development and sex determination, but also by the impact of the SNPs and indels differentially detected in the two sequenced bulks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Todd C. Wehner
- Departament of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Belén Picó
- COMAV—Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Zhang J, Sun H, Guo S, Ren Y, Li M, Wang J, Zhang H, Gong G, Xu Y. Decreased Protein Abundance of Lycopene β-Cyclase Contributes to Red Flesh in Domesticated Watermelon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1171-1183. [PMID: 32321841 PMCID: PMC7333704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Red-fleshed watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) that accumulate lycopene in their flesh cells have been selected and domesticated from their pale-fleshed ancestors. However, the molecular basis of this trait remains poorly understood. Using map-based cloning and transgenic analysis, we identified a lycopene β-cyclase (ClLCYB) gene that controls the flesh color of watermelon. Down-regulation of ClLCYB caused the flesh color to change from pale yellow to red, and ClLCYB overexpression in the red-fleshed line caused the flesh color to change to orange. Analysis of ClLCYB single-nucleotide polymorphisms using 211 watermelon accessions with different flesh colors revealed that two missense mutations between three haplotypes (ClLCYB red , ClLCYB white , and ClLCYB yellow ) were selected and largely fixed in domesticated watermelon. Proteins derived from these three ClLCYB haplotypes were localized in plastids to catalyze the conversion of lycopene to β-carotene and showed similar catalytic abilities. We revealed that ClLCYB protein abundance, instead of ClLCYB transcript level, was negatively correlated with lycopene accumulation. Different amounts of ClLCYB protein degradation among the ClLCYB haplotypes were found in ClLCYB transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines. After treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, the concentration of ClLCYBred increased noticeably compared with other ClLCYB proteins. These results indicate that natural missense mutations within ClLCYB influence ClLCYB protein abundance and have contributed to the development of red flesh color in domesticated watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS. Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1240-1255. [PMID: 31230355 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Some of the World's most valuable crops, including watermelon, honey melon, cucumber, squash, zucchini and pumpkin, belong to the family Cucurbitaceae. We review insights on their domestication from new phylogenies, archaeology and genomic studies. Ancestral state estimation on the most complete Cucurbitaceae phylogeny to date suggests that an annual life cycle may have contributed to domestication. Domestication started c. 11 000 years ago in the New World and Asia, and apparently more recently in Africa. Some cucurbit crops were domesticated only once, others multiple times (e.g. melon from different Asian and African populations). Most wild cucurbit fruits are bitter and nonpalatable to humans, and nonbitterness of the pulp apparently was a trait favoured early during domestication, with genomic data showing how bitterness loss was achieved convergently. The genetic pathways underlying lycopene accumulation, red or orange pulp colour, and fruit size and shape are only just beginning to be understood. The study of cucurbit domestication in recent years has benefitted from the increasing integration of archaeological and genomic data with insights from herbarium collections, the most efficient way to understand species' natural geographic ranges and climate adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chomicki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- The Queen's College, University of Oxford, High St, Oxford, OX1 4AW, UK
| | - Hanno Schaefer
- Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, 80638, Germany
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Fallik E, Ziv C. How rootstock/scion combinations affect watermelon fruit quality after harvest? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3275-3282. [PMID: 32048293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grafting of vegetable seedlings is a unique horticultural technology, practiced for more than five decades, aiming to overcome problems associated with intensive cultivation on limited arable land. Grafting can protect vegetables against soil-borne diseases and nematodes; against abiotic stresses such as high or low temperatures, salinity, drought or excessive soil-water content; and against elevated soil concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Watermelon is one of the most popular vegetables to be grafted, and more than 90% of the plants worldwide are commercially grafted. This mini review aims to summarize the latest available information about the effects of rootstock/scion combinations with respect to enhancing or impairing watermelon fruit-quality. A better understand of the influence of rootstock/scion compatibility or incompatibility on fruit-quality parameters will facilitate decision-making by growers and direct breeding programs to produce high-quality grafted fruits in a cost-effective manner. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elazar Fallik
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO - The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO - The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
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38
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Guo S, Sun H, Xu Y, Fei Z. Citrullus lanatus. Trends Genet 2020; 36:456-457. [PMID: 32396838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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39
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Przelomska NAS, Armstrong CG, Kistler L. Ancient Plant DNA as a Window Into the Cultural Heritage and Biodiversity of Our Food System. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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40
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Bianchi G, Provenzi L, Rizzolo A. Evolution of volatile compounds in 'Cuoredolce®' and 'Rugby' mini- watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura and Nakai) in relation to ripening at harvest. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:945-952. [PMID: 31489633 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelon is appreciated for its nutritional properties and for its flavor. Among the flavor-active compounds that it contains, volatiles play a key role being responsible for aroma. Recent breeding activity has led to the release of mini-watermelons with reduced fruit weight. This paper reports on the characterization of aroma profiles of 'Rugby' and 'Cuoredolce®' novel mini-watermelon cultivars at the ripening stage. The main volatiles were identified and quantified using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and their concentrations were correlated with the E-nose profile. The potential contribution of volatile compounds to the fruit aroma was evaluated by computing the odor activity values (OAV). RESULTS Twenty main volatile compounds were identified: aldehydes (9), alcohols (4), ketones (2), and terpenes and terpenoids (5). C-9 aldehydes and alcohols were the prevalent compounds. The two cultivars differed in precocity, with 'Rugby' being riper from the early stage considered. Many apocarotenoids with desirable olfactory notes were detected in the volatile profile of 'Rugby'. Four e-nose sensors' signals significantly changed with variety and ripening stage: W1W and W2W were positively correlated and W6S was negatively correlated with all identified volatiles, while W3S showed a negative correlation with 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, the major lycopene catabolite. CONCLUSIONS The aroma profiles described here contribute to the characterization of 'Cuoredolce®' and 'Rugby' mini-watermelon cultivars. Electronic-nose measurement was able to discriminate between cultivars and, to a lesser extent, among ripening stages. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bianchi
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Milan, Italy
| | - Lia Provenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rizzolo
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Milan, Italy
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41
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Gebremeskel H, Dou J, Li B, Zhao S, Muhammad U, Lu X, He N, Liu W. Molecular Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for GA 3 Responsive Short Internode in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E290. [PMID: 31906246 PMCID: PMC6982186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with shorter internodes are suitable for high-density planting, lodging resistance and the preservation of land resources by improving yield per unit area. In this study, we identified a locus controlling the short internode trait in watermelon using Zhengzhouzigua (long internode) and Duan125 (short internode) as mapping parents. Genetic analysis indicated that F1 plants were consistent with long internode plants, which indicates that the long internode was dominant over the short internode. The observed F2 and BC1 individuals fitted the expected phenotypic segregation ratios of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The locus was mapped on chromosome 9 using a bulked segregant analysis approach. The region was narrowed down to 8.525 kb having only one putative gene, Cla015407, flanking by CAPS90 and CAPS91 markers, which encodes gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA 3β-hydroxylase). The sequence alignment of the candidate gene between both parents revealed a 13 bp deletion in the short internode parent, which resulted in a truncated protein. Before GA3 application, significantly lower GA3 content and shorter cell length were obtained in the short internode plants. However, the highest GA3 content and significant increase in cell length were observed in the short internode plants after exogenous GA3 application. In the short internode plants, the expression level of the Cla015407 was threefold lower than the long internode plants in the stem tissue. In general, our results suggested that Cla015407 might be the candidate gene responsible for the short internode phenotype in watermelon and the phenotype is responsive to exogenous GA3 application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.G.); (J.D.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (U.M.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
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42
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Ottoni C, Guellil M, Ozga AT, Stone AC, Kersten O, Bramanti B, Porcier S, Van Neer W. Metagenomic analysis of dental calculus in ancient Egyptian baboons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19637. [PMID: 31873124 PMCID: PMC6927955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental calculus, or mineralized plaque, represents a record of ancient biomolecules and food residues. Recently, ancient metagenomics made it possible to unlock the wealth of microbial and dietary information of dental calculus to reconstruct oral microbiomes and lifestyle of humans from the past. Although most studies have so far focused on ancient humans, dental calculus is known to form in a wide range of animals, potentially informing on how human-animal interactions changed the animals' oral ecology. Here, we characterise the oral microbiome of six ancient Egyptian baboons held in captivity during the late Pharaonic era (9th-6th centuries BC) and of two historical baboons from a zoo via shotgun metagenomics. We demonstrate that these captive baboons possessed a distinctive oral microbiome when compared to ancient and modern humans, Neanderthals and a wild chimpanzee. These results may reflect the omnivorous dietary behaviour of baboons, even though health, food provisioning and other factors associated with human management, may have changed the baboons' oral microbiome. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for more extensive studies on ancient animal oral microbiomes to examine the extent to which domestication and human management in the past affected the diet, health and lifestyle of target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ottoni
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Diet and Ancient Technology Laboratory (DANTE), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Meriam Guellil
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
- University of Tartu, Institute of Genomics, Estonian Biocentre, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew T Ozga
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anne C Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Oliver Kersten
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 35-441221, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Porcier
- Laboratoire CNRS ASM ≪ Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (UMR 5140), Université Paul-Valéry, LabEx Archimede, F-34199, Montpellier, France
| | - Wim Van Neer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Center of Archaeological Sciences, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wu S, Wang X, Reddy U, Sun H, Bao K, Gao L, Mao L, Patel T, Ortiz C, Abburi VL, Nimmakayala P, Branham S, Wechter P, Massey L, Ling K, Kousik C, Hammar SA, Tadmor Y, Portnoy V, Gur A, Katzir N, Guner N, Davis A, Hernandez AG, Wright CL, McGregor C, Jarret R, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wehner TC, Grumet R, Levi A, Fei Z. Genome of 'Charleston Gray', the principal American watermelon cultivar, and genetic characterization of 1,365 accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System watermelon collection. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2246-2258. [PMID: 31022325 PMCID: PMC6835170 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Years of selection for desirable fruit quality traits in dessert watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) has resulted in a narrow genetic base in modern cultivars. Development of novel genomic and genetic resources offers great potential to expand genetic diversity and improve important traits in watermelon. Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of watermelon cultivar 'Charleston Gray', a principal American dessert watermelon, to complement the existing reference genome from '97103', an East Asian cultivar. Comparative analyses between genomes of 'Charleston Gray' and '97103' revealed genomic variants that may underlie phenotypic differences between the two cultivars. We then genotyped 1365 watermelon plant introduction (PI) lines maintained at the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). These PI lines were collected throughout the world and belong to three Citrullus species, C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus and C. amarus. Approximately 25 000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were derived from the GBS data using the 'Charleston Gray' genome as the reference. Population genomic analyses using these SNPs discovered a close relationship between C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus and identified four major groups in these two species correlated to their geographic locations. Citrullus amarus was found to have a distinct genetic makeup compared to C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus. The SNPs also enabled identification of genomic regions associated with important fruit quality and disease resistance traits through genome-wide association studies. The high-quality 'Charleston Gray' genome and the genotyping data of this large collection of watermelon accessions provide valuable resources for facilitating watermelon research, breeding and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Umesh Reddy
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia State UniversityInstituteWVUSA
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)BeijingChina
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Lei Gao
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Linyong Mao
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHoward University College of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Takshay Patel
- Horticultural Science DepartmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Carlos Ortiz
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia State UniversityInstituteWVUSA
| | | | | | - Sandra Branham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Pat Wechter
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Laura Massey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Kai‐Shu Ling
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Chandrasekar Kousik
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Sue A. Hammar
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Department of Vegetable ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationNewe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat YishayIsrael
| | - Vitaly Portnoy
- Department of Vegetable ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationNewe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat YishayIsrael
| | - Amit Gur
- Department of Vegetable ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationNewe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat YishayIsrael
| | - Nurit Katzir
- Department of Vegetable ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationNewe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat YishayIsrael
| | | | - Angela Davis
- Sakata Seed AmericaWoodland Research StationWoodlandCAUSA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Chris L. Wright
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Robert Jarret
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Genetic Resources Conservation UnitGriffinGAUSA
| | | | - Yong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)BeijingChina
| | - Todd C. Wehner
- Horticultural Science DepartmentNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Rebecca Grumet
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceRobert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA
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44
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Vergauwen D, De Smet I. Watermelons versus Melons: A Matter of Taste. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:973-976. [PMID: 31629665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Vergauwen
- Amarant vzw, Zebrastraat 30-001, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Royal Conservatoire Antwerp, Artesis Plantijn University College Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Guo S, Zhao S, Sun H, Wang X, Wu S, Lin T, Ren Y, Gao L, Deng Y, Zhang J, Lu X, Zhang H, Shang J, Gong G, Wen C, He N, Tian S, Li M, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Jarret R, Levi A, Zhang X, Huang S, Fei Z, Liu W, Xu Y. Resequencing of 414 cultivated and wild watermelon accessions identifies selection for fruit quality traits. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1616-1623. [PMID: 31676863 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fruit characteristics of sweet watermelon are largely the result of human selection. Here we report an improved watermelon reference genome and whole-genome resequencing of 414 accessions representing all extant species in the Citrullus genus. Population genomic analyses reveal the evolutionary history of Citrullus, suggesting independent evolutions in Citrullus amarus and the lineage containing Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus mucosospermus. Our findings indicate that different loci affecting watermelon fruit size have been under selection during speciation, domestication and improvement. A non-bitter allele, arising in the progenitor of sweet watermelon, is largely fixed in C. lanatus. Selection for flesh sweetness started in the progenitor of C. lanatus and continues through modern breeding on loci controlling raffinose catabolism and sugar transport. Fruit flesh coloration and sugar accumulation might have co-evolved through shared genetic components including a sugar transporter gene. This study provides valuable genomic resources and sheds light on watermelon speciation and breeding history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China.,Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yun Deng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Shang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Junpu Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Robert Jarret
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xingping Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China.
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Haplotype Networking of GWAS Hits for Citrulline Variation Associated with the Domestication of Watermelon. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215392. [PMID: 31671884 PMCID: PMC6862219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon is a good source of citrulline, a non-protein amino acid. Citrulline has several therapeutic and clinical implications as it produces nitric oxide via arginine. In plants, citrulline plays a pivotal role in nitrogen transport and osmoprotection. The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with citrulline metabolism using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and understand the role of citrulline in watermelon domestication. A watermelon collection consisting of 187 wild, landraces, and cultivated accessions was used to estimate citrulline content. An association analysis involved a total of 12,125 SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05 in understanding the population structure and phylogeny in light of citrulline accumulation. Wild egusi types and landraces contained low to medium citrulline content, whereas cultivars had higher content, which suggests that obtaining higher content of citrulline is a domesticated trait. GWAS analysis identified candidate genes (ferrochelatase and acetolactate synthase) showing a significant association of SNPs with citrulline content. Haplotype networking indicated positive selection from wild to domesticated watermelon. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing genetic regulation of citrulline variation in plants by using a GWAS strategy. These results provide new insights into the citrulline metabolism in plants and the possibility of incorporating high citrulline as a trait in watermelon breeding programs.
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47
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Subburaj S, Lee K, Jeon Y, Tu L, Son G, Choi S, Lim YP, McGregor C, Lee GJ. Whole genome resequencing of watermelons to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms related to flesh color and lycopene content. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223441. [PMID: 31596903 PMCID: PMC6785133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most important food crops in the Cucurbitaceae family. Diversification after domestication has led cultivated watermelons to exhibit diverse fruit flesh colors, including red, yellow, and orange. Recently, there has been increased interest in red-fleshed watermelons because they contain the antioxidant cis-isomeric lycopene. We performed whole genome resequencing (WGRS) of 24 watermelons with different flesh colors to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to high lycopene content. The resequencing data revealed 203,894-279,412 SNPs from read mapping between inbred lines and the 97103 reference genome. In total, 295,065 filtered SNPs were identified, which had an average polymorphism information content of 0.297. Most of these SNPs were intergenic (90.1%) and possessed a transversion (Tv) rate of 31.64%. Overall, 2,369 SNPs were chosen at 0.5 Mb physical intervals to analyze genetic diversity across the 24 inbred lines. A neighbor-joining dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) based on the 2,369 SNPs revealed that the 24 inbred lines could be grouped into high and low lycopene-type watermelons. In addition, we analyzed SNPs that could discriminate high lycopene content, red-fleshed watermelon from low lycopene, yellow or orange watermelon inbred lines. For validation, 19 SNPs (designated as WMHL1-19) were chosen randomly, and cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were designed. Genotyping of the above 24 lines and 12 additional commercial cultivars using WMHL1-19 CAPS markers resulted in match rates of over 0.92 for most validated markers in correlation with the flesh color phenotypes. Our results provide valuable genomic information regarding the high lycopene content phenotype of red-fleshed cultivated watermelons, and the identified SNPs will be useful for the development of molecular markers in the marker-assisted breeding of watermelons with high lycopene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Subburaj
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoun Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsam Jeon
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhua Tu
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilwoo Son
- Breeding Institute, Hyundai Seed Co Ltd., Yeoju, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - SuBok Choi
- Asia Seed, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cecilia McGregor
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Geung-Joo Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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48
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Simmons AM, Jarret RL, Cantrell CL, Levi A. Citrullus ecirrhosus: Wild Source of Resistance Against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) for Cultivated Watermelon. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2425-2432. [PMID: 31329874 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Members of the highly polyphagous Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex cause major crop damage by feeding and by transmitting plant viruses. The Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) of the B. tabaci complex is by far the most problematic whitefly affecting crops including cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus; Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitales). Watermelon cultivars share a narrow genetic base and are highly susceptible to whiteflies. We studied the potential of C. ecirrhosus, a perennial desert species that can be hybridized with C. lanatus, as a source of whitefly resistance for cultivated watermelon. The results of this study indicate that C. ecirrhosus offers resistance (although not total) against the MEAM1 B. tabaci based on, at least, antibiosis and antixenosis. Whitefly performance concerning developmental survival, body size attainment, and nonpreference were suppressed on C. ecirrhosus compared with the watermelon cultivar 'Sugar Baby'. Also, our olfactometer results indicated that the adults were less attracted to leaf volatiles of C. ecirrhosus. Although there is a pungent odor associated with the leaves of C. ecirrhosus, the leaf volatiles had no toxic effect on adult whitefly survival as compared with cultivated watermelon. We also demonstrated that plants of C. ecirrhosus can be clonally propagated from vine cuttings of the parent plant. Using traditional breeding procedures, C. ecirrhosus was hybridized with C. lanatus and viable F1 and F2 seeds were produced. This is the first report of pest resistance in C. ecirrhosus. This wild species offers a source of resistance against whiteflies for the improvement of cultivated watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin M Simmons
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory
| | - Robert L Jarret
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory
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Kousik CS, Mandal M, Hassell R. Powdery Mildew Resistant Rootstocks that Impart Tolerance to Grafted Susceptible Watermelon Scion Seedlings. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1290-1298. [PMID: 30673563 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-17-1384-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a major foliar disease causing serious economic losses of cucurbit crops grown in the United States. The pathogen Podosphaera xanthii, which causes PM, is known to infect seedlings, stems, foliage, petioles, and fruit of cucurbit crops. In recent years, grafting watermelon on resistant rootstocks for managing soilborne diseases has been gaining popularity in the U.S.A. However, grafting for managing foliar diseases has not yet received adequate attention. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted during the summer months of 2012, 2013, and 2014 to determine if PM-resistant rootstocks could impart resistance to a susceptible watermelon scion. Susceptible watermelon scion 'Mickey Lee' seedlings were grafted onto 25 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, C. amarus, C. mucosospermus) and four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks. Grafted plants were inoculated with a 2 × 104 conidia ml-1 suspension of P. xanthii conidia and disease severity was rated 14 days after inoculation. Mickey Lee grafted on six PM-resistant watermelon rootstocks had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower PM severity on cotyledons, 2nd true leaf, and upper leaves (rating for 3rd to 7th or 8th true leaf) compared with Mickey Lee grafted on susceptible watermelon USVL677-PMS or bottle gourd USVL848-PMS rootstocks. However, some of the resistant watermelon rootstocks did not impart significant resistance to the scion. The resistant bottle gourd rootstocks USVL482-PMR and USVL351-PMR provided significantly greater levels of resistance, compared with many of the resistant watermelon rootstocks. Grafting watermelon on resistant rootstocks may help mitigate the effects of PM on susceptible scion seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihir Mandal
- ORISE participant at U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Richard Hassell
- Clemson University, Coastal Research and Education Center (CREC), Charleston, SC 29414
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Kouadri I, Layachi A, Makhlouf A, Satha H. Optimization of extraction process and characterization of water-soluble polysaccharide (Galactomannan) from Algerian biomass; Citrullus colocynthis seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1455343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Kouadri
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Abdelheq Layachi
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
- Institut des Sciences et Technique Appliquée, UFMC 1, Algeria
| | - Azzedine Makhlouf
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
- Université Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Hamid Satha
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
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